Enhanced heat dissipation device and heat dissipation method for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block group

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis, and discloses an aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block group reinforced heat dissipation device and a heat dissipation method.The heat dissipation unit is fixed to the upper portion of an aluminum electrolysis cell and detachably installed on an anode carbon block group; the measuring unit is arranged on an anode carbon block group and an aluminum electrolysis cell shell to obtain anode current distribution and temperature data of the aluminum electrolysis cell and transmit the data to the data processing unit; and the data processing system summarizes and processes the measured data, judges whether each anode carbon block group needs pole change or not according to a safety value, and sets a heat dissipation unit for the anode carbon block group needing pole change. The phenomena that the temperature of the anode carbon block group explosive welding block is too high and the structural strength is weakened can be accurately reduced or even avoided, the service life of the anode guide rod and the anode steel claw can be guaranteed, and the production cost is reduced; the heat dissipation unit is simple in overall structure, practical, convenient, small in size, low in manufacturing cost and capable of being recycled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis technology, specifically to an enhanced heat dissipation device and method for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly. Background Technology

[0002] The anode carbon block assembly is a crucial component in the aluminum electrolysis process, serving functions including electrical conductivity, participation in redox reactions, and providing structural support for the aluminum electrolysis cell. The anode carbon block assembly consists of anode guide rods, explosive weld blocks, anode steel claws, and anode carbon blocks. When the electrolysis cell operates under enhanced current or flexible production conditions, the heat dissipation requirements increase. Since 50% of the heat dissipation occurs through the upper part of the cell, strengthening heat dissipation at the upper part is beneficial for maintaining thermal balance during enhanced current or flexible production. With increased current and the fluctuating patterns of the molten aluminum electrolyte within the electrolysis cell, certain areas are prone to low electrode spacing, leading to excessive anode current in those areas. When the anode current density exceeds the safe value of the explosive weld block, stronger heat dissipation is required to prevent the explosive weld block from overheating.

[0003] The explosion weld block is used to connect the anode guide rod and the crossbeam claw, ensuring the stability and conductivity of the anode carbon block assembly. Due to the influence of current and high-temperature baking, the temperature at the explosion weld block may become too high, weakening the weld strength. If, during electrode replacement operations, the edge is not properly opened, the operation is improper, or the insulation material on the electrode is too thick, the explosion weld block may crack, affecting the recycling of the aluminum guide rod and the crossbeam claw, increasing production costs, and impacting the normal production of the aluminum electrolytic cell. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and deficiencies, the present invention provides an enhanced heat dissipation device and method for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly, which can accurately reduce or even avoid the phenomenon of excessively high temperature and weakened structural strength of the anode carbon block assembly explosion weld.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the main technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A heat dissipation enhancement device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly includes an aluminum electrolysis cell, an anode carbon block assembly, a heat dissipation unit, a measurement unit, and a data processing unit. The heat dissipation unit is fixed to the upper part of the aluminum electrolysis cell and detachably installed on the anode carbon block assembly. The measurement unit is arranged on the anode carbon block assembly and the aluminum electrolysis cell shell. The measurement unit acquires the anode current distribution and temperature data of the aluminum electrolysis cell and transmits them to the data processing unit.

[0007] The aluminum electrolysis cell also includes an anode elevator and an anode busbar. The anode busbar is fixed to the upper part of the cell by the anode elevator, and the anode carbon block group is fixed to the anode busbar by a spiral clamp.

[0008] The anode carbon block assembly includes anode steel claws, and one or more heat dissipation units are crimped or clamped onto each anode steel claw.

[0009] The heat dissipation unit includes a fixed bracket, heat sinks, and fasteners. The size of the fixed bracket is adapted to the anode steel claws of the anode carbon block assembly. The heat sinks are connected to the fixed brackets via fasteners. The heat sinks are trapezoidal fins, triangular fins, or rectangular fins. The outer surface of the heat sinks is provided with a high-temperature resistant heat radiation layer.

[0010] The measurement unit includes a voltage measurement probe and multiple thermocouples. The voltage measurement probes are arranged at equal intervals on the anode guide rods of the anode carbon block group, and each anode carbon block group is equipped with two voltage measurement probes. The thermocouples are respectively installed on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell, the cathode steel rod, and the bottom plate. The voltage measurement probes and thermocouples are electrically connected to the data processing unit.

[0011] A method for heat dissipation of carbon block assemblies for aluminum electrolysis anodes includes the following steps:

[0012] S1. The measurement unit acquires the pressure difference of each anode carbon block group and the temperature distribution data of the corresponding tank shell, steel rod and tank bottom plate, and transmits the data to the data processing unit.

[0013] S2. Calculate the current distribution of each group of anode carbon blocks based on the received differential pressure data;

[0014] S3. The data processing unit sets safe values ​​for pressure difference and temperature, determines whether each group of anode carbon blocks needs to be replaced based on the safe values, and sets one or more heat dissipation units for the anode carbon block groups that need to be replaced. Specifically, S2 involves:

[0015] S201, The data processing unit receives data that uses the equidistant voltage drop method to calculate the anode current distribution, that is, it calculates the current distribution by measuring the voltage drop when the anode conductor rods of each group of anode carbon blocks are at the same distance:

[0016]

[0017] Among them, I i Let U be the current of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. i R is the voltage drop across the anode guide rod at equal intervals, and R is the resistance of the anode guide rod between the two voltage measuring probes of a single anode carbon block group.

[0018] S202, The data processing unit receives the temperature of the tank shell sidewall at the corresponding position of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. Cathode steel rod temperature and bottom plate temperature S3 specifically involves: processing data according to a multi-parameter comprehensive judgment formula, and comparing the resulting processing result A with a safety value, as shown in the following formula:

[0019] Among them, a, b, c, d, and e are parameters to be determined.

[0020] The present invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:

[0021] This invention, through the measurement unit's data, can accurately reduce or even avoid the phenomenon of excessively high temperatures and weakened structural strength in the anode carbon block assembly's explosive weld blocks. It can ensure the service life of the aluminum guide rod and the crossbeam's steel claws, reducing production costs. The heat dissipation unit has a simple overall structure, is practical and convenient, small in size, low in manufacturing cost, and is recyclable. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of the heat dissipation process of the enhanced heat dissipation device for the anode carbon block group of the aluminum electrolytic cell according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a side view of the device structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fastening method of the heat dissipation unit of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation unit pressing method structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the voltage measurement probe of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the thermocouple installation position in this invention;

[0029] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the process for enhancing heat dissipation using carbon block assemblies at the anode of an aluminum electrolytic cell according to the present invention.

[0030] In the diagram: 100, Aluminum electrolytic cell; 110, Upper part of the cell; 120, Anode elevator; 130, Anode busbar; 140, Spiral clamp; 150, Anode carbon block assembly; 151, Anode guide rod; 152, Explosion weld block; 153, Anode steel claw; 154, Anode carbon block; 160, Liner; 161, Cathode steel rod; 170, Cell shell; 171, Cell shell sidewall; 172, Base plate; 200, Heat dissipation unit; 210, Fixing bracket; 220, Heat sink; 230, Fastener; 300, Measurement unit; 310, Voltage measurement probe; 320, Thermocouple; 330, Transmission cable; 400, Data processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1-3As shown, this invention is a heat dissipation enhancement device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly. The application scenario includes an aluminum electrolysis cell 100, a heat dissipation unit 200, a measurement unit 300, and a data processing unit 400. The aluminum electrolysis cell 100 includes an upper cell 110, an anode elevator 120, an anode busbar 130, a spiral clamp 140, an anode carbon block assembly 150, an inner liner 160, and a cell shell 170. The anode carbon block assembly 150 is fixed to the anode busbar 130 by the spiral clamp 140. The anode busbar 130 is fixed to the upper cell 110 by the anode elevator 120. The inner liner 160 is located inside the cell shell 170, and the upper cell 110 is located above the cell shell 170. The heat dissipation unit 200 is disposed on the anode carbon block assembly 150 and is used to adjust the heat of the anode carbon block assembly 150.

[0032] The anode carbon block assembly 150 includes an anode guide rod 151, an explosion weld block 152, an anode steel claw 153, and an anode carbon block 154. Each anode steel claw is crimped or clamped to one or more heat dissipation units. The heat generated by the anode carbon block assembly 150 itself is transferred to the heat dissipation fins 230 of the heat dissipation unit 200 through heat conduction. The heat dissipation fins 230 and the flue gas in the aluminum electrolysis cell 100 dissipate heat through convection heat exchange.

[0033] The measuring unit 300 is connected to the aluminum electrolysis cell 100 and the data processing unit 400 respectively. The data processing unit 400 analyzes and processes the data measured by the measuring unit 300. The workshop operator can install the heat dissipation unit 200 on the anode carbon block group 150 according to the data of the data processing unit 400 to adjust the heat dissipation of the anode carbon block group 150.

[0034] like Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the heat dissipation unit 200 includes a fixed bracket 210, a heat sink 220, and a fastening device 230. The size of the fixed bracket 210 is adapted to the size of the anode steel claw 153. The heat sink 220 is connected to the fixed bracket 210 through the fastening device 230. The specifications and dimensions of the heat sink 220 can be manufactured according to the required heat dissipation of the anode carbon block assembly 150 and the size of the anode steel claw 150. The shape of the heat sink 220 includes, but is not limited to, trapezoidal fins, triangular fins, and rectangular fins. The material of the heat sink 220 is a high thermal conductivity material, and the optional materials include steel, aluminum, copper, etc. The outer surface of the heat sink 220 is coated with a high-temperature resistant heat radiation coating / heat dissipation coating.

[0035] like Figure 6 and 7As shown, the voltage measuring probe 310 of the measuring unit 300 is arranged on the anode guide rod 151 of the anode carbon block group 150. Each anode carbon block group 150 is equipped with two voltage measuring probes 310. The voltage measuring probes 310 are connected to the data processing unit 400 via transmission cables 330. Thermocouples 320 are respectively arranged on the tank shell side wall 171, the cathode steel rod 161 and the tank bottom plate 172. Thermocouples 320 are connected to the data processing unit 400 via transmission cables 330.

[0036] The data processing unit 400 receives and organizes the data input by the measurement unit 300 to locate the positions of anode carbon block groups with large current distribution or excessively high temperature for workshop operators.

[0037] like Figure 8 A method for heat dissipation of carbon block assemblies for aluminum electrolysis anodes includes the following steps:

[0038] S1. The measurement unit acquires the pressure difference of each anode carbon block group and the temperature distribution data of the corresponding tank shell, steel rod and tank bottom plate, and transmits the data to the data processing unit.

[0039] S2. Calculate the current distribution of each group of anode carbon blocks based on the received differential pressure data;

[0040] S201, The data processing unit receives data that uses the equidistant voltage drop method to calculate the anode current distribution, that is, it calculates the current distribution by measuring the voltage drop when the anode conductor rods of each group of anode carbon blocks are at the same distance:

[0041]

[0042] Among them, I i Let U be the current of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. i R is the voltage drop across the anode guide rod at equal intervals, and R is the resistance of the anode guide rod between the two voltage measuring probes of a single anode carbon block group.

[0043] S202, The data processing unit receives the temperature of the tank shell sidewall at the corresponding position of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. Cathode steel rod temperature and bottom plate temperature S3. The data processing unit sets safe values ​​for differential pressure and temperature. Based on these safe values, it determines whether each group of anode carbon blocks needs to be replaced and sets up one or more heat dissipation units for the anode carbon block groups that need to be replaced. Specifically, it performs data processing based on a multi-parameter comprehensive judgment formula and compares the resulting processing result A with the safe value. The formula is as follows:

[0044] Among them, a, b, c, d, and e are parameters to be determined.

[0045] After the data processing unit summarizes and processes the measurement data, it screens out the positions of anode carbon block groups 150 that have experienced anode current exceeding the set value for 1 hour or excessive temperature within the past 3 months for workshop operators. When replacing the electrode at this position, the heat dissipation unit 200 removed from other residual electrodes after cooling is installed on the new electrode to prevent the explosive weld blocks of anode carbon block group 150 from weakening the structural strength due to exceeding the safe temperature. When it is necessary to strengthen the heat dissipation of the upper part of the tank, heat dissipation units are installed on all anode carbon block groups.

[0046] Although preferred embodiments of the invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning of the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the claims should be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the invention.

[0047] Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this invention without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention; thus, if these modifications and variations of this invention fall within the scope of the claims of this invention and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A heat dissipation enhancement device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly, characterized in that: It includes an aluminum electrolytic cell, an anode carbon block assembly, a heat dissipation unit, a measurement unit, and a data processing unit. The heat dissipation unit is fixed to the upper part of the aluminum electrolytic cell and detachably installed on the anode carbon block assembly. The measurement unit is arranged on the anode carbon block assembly and the aluminum electrolytic cell shell. The measurement unit acquires the anode current distribution and temperature data of the aluminum electrolytic cell and transmits them to the data processing unit.

2. The heat dissipation enhancement device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The aluminum electrolysis cell also includes an anode elevator and an anode busbar. The anode busbar is fixed to the upper part of the cell by the anode elevator, and the anode carbon block group is fixed to the anode busbar by a spiral clamp.

3. The enhanced heat dissipation device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anode carbon block assembly includes anode steel claws, and one or more heat dissipation units are crimped or clamped onto each anode steel claw.

4. The heat dissipation enhancement device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation unit includes a fixed bracket, heat sinks, and fasteners. The size of the fixed bracket is adapted to the anode steel claws of the anode carbon block assembly. The heat sinks are connected to the fixed brackets via fasteners. The heat sinks are trapezoidal fins, triangular fins, or rectangular fins. The outer surface of the heat sinks is provided with a high-temperature resistant heat radiation layer.

5. The enhanced heat dissipation device for aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that: The measurement unit includes a voltage measurement probe and multiple thermocouples. The voltage measurement probes are arranged at equal intervals on the anode guide rods of the anode carbon block group, and each anode carbon block group is equipped with two voltage measurement probes. The thermocouples are respectively installed on the side wall of the aluminum electrolysis cell shell, the cathode steel rod, and the bottom plate. The voltage measurement probes and thermocouples are electrically connected to the data processing unit.

6. A heat dissipation method for an aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The measurement unit acquires the pressure difference of each anode carbon block group and the temperature distribution data of the corresponding tank shell, steel rod and tank bottom plate, and transmits the data to the data processing unit. S2. Calculate the current distribution of each group of anode carbon blocks based on the received differential pressure data; S3. The data processing unit sets the safety values ​​for differential pressure and temperature, determines whether each group of anode carbon blocks needs to be replaced based on the safety values, and sets one or more heat dissipation units for the anode carbon block groups that need to be replaced.

7. A heat dissipation method for an aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to any one of claims 6, characterized in that, Specifically, S2 is: S201, The data processing unit receives data that uses the equidistant voltage drop method to calculate the anode current distribution, that is, it calculates the current distribution by measuring the voltage drop when the anode conductor rods of each group of anode carbon blocks are at the same distance: Among them, I i Let U be the current of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. i R is the voltage drop across the anode guide rod at equal intervals, and R is the resistance of the anode guide rod between the two voltage measuring probes of a single anode carbon block group. S202, The data processing unit receives the temperature of the tank shell sidewall at the corresponding position of the i-th group of anode carbon blocks. Cathode steel rod temperature and bottom plate temperature 8. A heat dissipation method for an aluminum electrolysis anode carbon block assembly according to any one of claims 6, characterized in that, S3 specifically involves: processing data according to a multi-parameter comprehensive judgment formula, and comparing the resulting processing result A with a safety value, as shown in the following formula: Among them, a, b, c, d, and e are parameters to be determined.

Images