Crushing mechanism of excavator

Abstract

The invention discloses an excavator crushing mechanism and relates to the technical field of excavators. A second shell is fixed to a first shell, a crushing rod is movably connected to the second shell and connected with a movable pipe, a beating part is arranged in the first shell and connected with the crushing rod, and a driving part is installed on a fixed support and connected with the movable pipe. During operation, the fixing support provides a stable installation foundation for parts, the two shells form a closed transmission space, the operation precision is guaranteed, the structure is reliable, and the device is suitable for scenes such as building demolition and road finishing. After the driving part is started, the crushing rod is driven by the movable pipe to rotate circumferentially, the beating part drives the crushing rod to impact axially at high frequency, and the crushing rod and the beating part work cooperatively, so that the efficiency bottleneck of a traditional single mode is solved, and local excessive impact or insufficient cutting is avoided. The crushing rod is movably connected with the second shell, so that smooth axial movement is guaranteed, radial deviation is avoided, accurate transmission of crushing force is guaranteed, a power transmission path is shortened, loss is reduced, operation stability is improved, and abrasion of parts is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of excavator technology, specifically to a crushing mechanism for an excavator. Background Technology

[0002] As a core attachment of excavators, the excavator crushing mechanism is widely used in construction demolition, mining, road repair, and other engineering scenarios. It crushes hard materials such as rock and concrete through high-frequency impact or cutting action, making it a key piece of equipment for improving construction efficiency. However, with the diversification of engineering scenarios and the increasing complexity of material characteristics, the demands for its operating efficiency, adaptability, stability, and ease of assembly and disassembly continue to rise. Nevertheless, existing crushing mechanisms still have many technical shortcomings: traditional mechanisms mostly adopt a single axial impact or circumferential rotation mode, making it difficult to achieve coordinated operation, resulting in low crushing efficiency. Axial impact alone is prone to localized over-impact while overall crushing is slow, while circumferential rotation alone lacks sufficient cutting force to handle high-strength materials; and it lacks efficient... The power reduction and transmission structure suffers from a mismatch between the drive output and operational requirements, and the impact component lacks reliable limiting guidance, leading to radial deviation, high power loss, insufficient operational stability, and accelerated component wear. Connections to the boom and attachments are mostly secured with bolts or welded, requiring additional tools for disassembly and assembly, resulting in complex, time-consuming processes that disrupt construction continuity. Furthermore, some mechanisms are bulky and excessively heavy, increasing the boom's load and reducing overall rigidity, making them prone to shell deformation and component loosening under high-frequency impacts. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an excavator breaking mechanism with composite motion modes, adjustable impact parameters, efficient power transmission, convenient disassembly and assembly, and stable operation to address the pain points of existing technologies and meet diverse construction needs. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a crushing mechanism for excavators to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A crushing mechanism for an excavator includes a first housing, within which a striking member is disposed. The striking member is connected to a crushing rod and is used to drive the crushing rod to move axially. The crushing rod is movably connected to a second housing, which is fixedly connected to the first housing. A movable tube is fixedly connected to the crushing rod and is connected to a driving member. A fixed bracket is fixedly connected to the first housing, and the driving member is disposed on the fixed bracket. The driving member is used to drive the crushing rod to rotate.

[0005] Preferably, the output end of the drive component is connected to the reducer, and the reducer includes a first reduction gear, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive component and rotatably connected to the first housing. A second reduction gear is concentrically arranged on the first reduction gear, the second reduction gear meshes with a third reduction gear, and the third reduction gear is rotatably connected inside the first housing; A drive shaft is fixedly connected to the third reduction gear, and the drive shaft is slidably inserted into the movable tube.

[0006] Preferably, the striking element is provided with a limiting hole, and a limiting rod is slidably inserted into the limiting hole, and the limiting rod is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket.

[0007] Preferably, the third reduction gear meshes with two sets of gear discs, and a rotating shaft is provided on the gear discs, the rotating shaft being rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first housing; An eccentric rod is eccentrically mounted on the gear disc, and one end of the eccentric rod is rotatably connected to a first connecting rod, the other end of which is rotatably connected to the striking component.

[0008] Preferably, the striking component includes a striking ring, the striking ring is provided with a plurality of striking grooves, a striking head is slidably connected in the striking grooves along the diameter direction of the striking ring, and a plurality of striking steps are provided on the striking head. A first spring is provided between the striking head and the striking groove; An adjustment groove is provided on the outer periphery of the striking ring, and an adjustment ring is rotatably connected to the adjustment groove; The striking head is connected to one end of a pull wire, and the other end of the pull wire passes through the striking ring and is connected to the inner wall of the adjusting ring. The active tube is equipped with a striking plate, which is located between several striking heads.

[0009] Preferably, the fixed bracket is provided with a fixed rod.

[0010] Preferably, it also includes a replacement component, which includes a first replacement part and a second replacement part, wherein the first replacement part is connected to the boom and the second replacement part is connected to the attachment.

[0011] Preferably, the first replacement component includes a first fixing plate, a first replacement frame is provided on the first fixing plate, and the first replacement frame is provided with a sliding groove and a fixing hole; The first replacement frame is equipped with a first connector.

[0012] Preferably, the second replacement component includes a second fixing plate, a second replacement frame is provided on the second fixing plate, and a sliding plate is provided on the second replacement frame; A motor is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame, and a drive disk is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor. One end of a second connecting rod is eccentrically rotatably connected to the drive disk, and the other end of the second connecting rod is rotatably connected to a locking rod. The locking rod is slidably connected to the second replacement frame. A pressure plate is slidably connected to the second replacement frame, and a second spring is provided on one side of the pressure plate. The second spring is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame. A second connector is provided on the pressure plate.

[0013] Preferably, the first connector and the second connector are plugged into each other; The slide plate is slidably inserted into the slide groove; The locking rod is inserted into the fixing hole.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: During operation, the fixed bracket provides a stable mounting foundation for components such as the drive unit and limit rod. The second housing is fixedly connected to the first housing to form a closed transmission space, which not only ensures the operational accuracy of internal components but also makes the overall structure simple and reliable, laying a stable foundation for subsequent functional expansion and adapting to basic engineering scenarios such as building demolition and road repair. After the drive unit is started, it directly drives the crushing rod to rotate around its own axis through the transmission cooperation with the movable tube. On the other hand, the impact component in the first housing drives the crushing rod to perform high-frequency impact motion along the axial direction through reciprocating motion. This coordinated operation mode of axial impact and circumferential cutting effectively solves the efficiency bottleneck of the single motion mode of traditional crushing mechanisms. It breaks the internal structure of materials through high-frequency impact and expands the crushing range through circumferential cutting, avoiding the problems of excessive impact or insufficient cutting force in some areas. The design of the crushing rod being movably connected to the second housing ensures the smoothness of axial movement and avoids radial deviation through the constraint of the second housing. This not only ensures that the crushing force is accurately transmitted to the working surface but also reduces power loss due to the short direct transmission path between the crushing rod and the drive unit, while improving operational stability and reducing the probability of component wear. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of the main body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the impact component driving structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the striking head structure of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the reducer structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first replacement part of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second replacement part of the present invention.

[0016] In the diagram: 1. First housing; 2. Second housing; 3. Crushing rod; 4. Fixed bracket; 5. Driving component; 6. Fixed rod; 7. Limiting rod; 8. Reducer; 9. Impact component; 10. Movable tube; 11. Limiting hole; 12. Impact groove; 13. Gear plate; 14. First connecting rod; 15. Impact disc; 16. Impact head; 17. Impact step; 18. Adjusting groove; 19. Adjusting ring; 20. First spring; 21. Pull wire; 22. Eccentric rod; 23. 24. Rotating shaft; 25. First reduction gear; 26. Second reduction gear; 27. Third reduction gear; 28. Drive shaft; 29. ​​First fixing plate; 30. First replacement frame; 31. Slide groove; 32. Fixing hole; 33. First connector; 34. Second fixing plate; 35. Second replacement frame; 36. Slide plate; 37. Pressure plate; 38. Second spring; 39. Second connector; 40. Motor; 41. Drive disc; 42. Second connecting rod; 43. Locking rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In this invention, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and do not specifically refer to any order or sequence, nor are they intended to limit the invention. They are merely used to distinguish protective components or operations described using the same technical terms, and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of those features. Furthermore, the technical solutions and features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but this must be based on the ability of those skilled in the art to implement them. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.

[0018] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-5 A crushing mechanism for an excavator includes a first housing 1, within which a striking element 9 is disposed. The striking element 9 is connected to a crushing rod 3 and is used to drive the crushing rod 3 to move axially. The crushing rod 3 is movably connected to a second housing 2, which is fixedly connected to the first housing 1. A movable tube 10 is fixedly connected to the crushing rod 3 and is connected to a driving element 5. A fixed bracket 4 is fixedly connected to the first housing 1, and the driving element 5 is disposed on the fixed bracket 4. The driving element 5 is used to drive the crushing rod 3 to rotate.

[0019] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: During operation, the fixed bracket 4 provides a stable mounting base for components such as the drive unit 5 and the limit rod 7. The second housing 2 is fixedly connected to the first housing 1 to form a closed transmission space, which not only ensures the operating accuracy of the internal components but also makes the overall structure simple and reliable, laying a stable foundation for subsequent functional expansion and adapting to basic engineering scenarios such as building demolition and road repair. After the drive unit 5 is started, it directly drives the crushing rod 3 to rotate around its own axis through the transmission cooperation with the movable tube 10. On the other hand, the striking element 9 in the first housing 1 drives the crushing rod 3 to perform high-frequency impact motion along the axial direction through reciprocating motion. This axial impact and The collaborative operation mode of circumferential cutting effectively solves the efficiency bottleneck of the single motion mode of traditional crushing mechanism. It breaks the internal structure of the material through high-frequency impact and expands the crushing range through circumferential cutting, avoiding the problems of excessive impact or insufficient cutting force in some areas. The design of the crushing rod 3 being movably connected to the second housing 2 ensures the smoothness of axial movement and avoids radial deviation through the constraint of the second housing 2. This not only ensures that the crushing force is accurately transmitted to the working surface, but also reduces power loss due to the short direct transmission path between the crushing rod and the drive component, while improving operational stability and reducing the probability of component wear.

[0020] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-5 Based on embodiment 1, the output end of the drive component 5 is connected to the reducer 8. The reducer 8 includes a first reduction gear 24, which is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive component 5 and rotatably connected to the first housing 1. A second reduction gear 25 is concentrically arranged on the first reduction gear 24. The second reduction gear 25 meshes with a third reduction gear 26. The third reduction gear 26 is rotatably connected to the first housing 1. A drive shaft 27 is fixedly connected to the third reduction gear 26, and the drive shaft 27 is slidably inserted into the movable tube 10.

[0021] The striking component 9 is provided with a limiting hole 11, and a limiting rod 7 is slidably inserted into the limiting hole 11. The limiting rod 7 is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket 4.

[0022] The third reduction gear 26 meshes with two sets of gear disks 13, and the gear disks 13 are provided with rotating shafts 23, which are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first housing 1. An eccentric rod 22 is eccentrically provided on the gear disc 13. The eccentric rod 22 is rotatably connected to one end of the first connecting rod 14, and the other end of the first connecting rod 14 is rotatably connected to the striking member 9.

[0023] The striking component 9 includes a striking ring, on which a plurality of striking grooves 12 are provided. A striking head 16 is slidably connected in the striking grooves 12 along the diameter direction of the striking ring. A plurality of striking steps 17 are provided on the striking head 16. A first spring 20 is provided between the striking head 16 and the striking groove 12; An adjustment groove 18 is provided on the outer periphery of the striking ring, and an adjustment ring 19 is rotatably connected to the adjustment groove 18; One end of a pull wire 21 is connected to the striking head 16, and the other end of the pull wire 21 passes through the striking ring and is connected to the inner wall of the adjusting ring 19. The active tube 10 is provided with a striking plate 15, which is located among a plurality of striking heads 16.

[0024] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: The impact component 9 is pulled to achieve high-frequency reciprocating impact. After one impact, the crushing rod 3 will not move inward with the first connecting rod 14 due to external friction. Only the impact component 9 moves inward. At this time, under the action of the first spring 20, the second set of impact steps 17 of the impact head 16 cooperates with the impact plate 15. Under the action of the first connecting rod 14, the crushing rod 3 is driven to break again. At the same time, rotating the adjusting ring 19 can control the interval between several impact heads 16 through the pull wire 21, so that the initial impact steps 17 that cooperate with the impact plate 15 are different to achieve different impact effects. Under this design, the two sets of toothed discs drive symmetrically to ensure uniform impact force and stable high-frequency reciprocating motion. The adjustable impact head can switch the impact steps by rotating the adjusting ring. It can adapt to materials of different hardness such as rocks and concrete without replacing parts, which improves the adaptability of the scene. The overall structure realizes the adjustment of impact parameters to meet the high-intensity and diversified construction needs of mining.

[0025] Example 3: Please refer to Figure 1 Based on Embodiment 1, a fixing rod 6 is provided on the fixing bracket 4.

[0026] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: The fixed rod 6 is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket 4, and its other end can be connected to the excavator body or the boom reinforcement structure. During operation, the reaction force generated by the high-frequency impact and rotation of the breaker rod 3 is transmitted to the fixed bracket 4 through the second housing 1 and the first housing 2. The fixed rod 6 directly transmits part of the reaction force to the excavator body, avoiding the fixed bracket 4 bearing the entire load alone.

[0027] Example 4: Please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 7 Based on Embodiment 1, a replacement component is also included, which includes a first replacement part and a second replacement part. The first replacement part is connected to the boom, and the second replacement part is connected to the attachment.

[0028] The first replacement component includes a first fixing plate 28, on which a first replacement frame 29 is provided, and on which a sliding groove 30 and a fixing hole 31 are provided; The first replacement frame 29 is provided with a first connector 32.

[0029] The second replacement component includes a second fixing plate 33, a second replacement frame 34 is provided on the second fixing plate 33, and a sliding plate 35 is provided on the second replacement frame 34; A motor 39 is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame 34. A drive disk 40 is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor 39. One end of a second connecting rod 41 is eccentrically rotatably connected to the drive disk 40. The other end of the second connecting rod 41 is rotatably connected to a locking rod 42. The locking rod 42 is slidably connected to the second replacement frame 34. A pressure plate 36 is slidably connected to the second replacement frame 34. A second spring 37 is provided on one side of the pressure plate 36 and is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame 34. The pressure plate 36 is provided with a second connector 38.

[0030] The first connector 32 and the second connector 38 are inserted into each other; The slide plate 35 is slidably inserted into the slide groove 30; The locking rod 42 is inserted into the fixing hole 31.

[0031] The working principle and beneficial effects of the above scheme are as follows: The mechanism, boom, and attachments can be quickly disassembled and assembled by replacing components. During connection, the first replacement component is fixed to the excavator boom via the first fixing plate 28, and the second replacement component is fixed to the breaking attachment via the second fixing plate 33. The slide plate 35 on the second replacement frame 34 is aligned with the slide groove 30 of the first replacement frame 29 for initial positioning. This positioning directly ensures the connection accuracy. After starting the motor 39, the drive disc 40 rotates and pulls the locking rod 42 along the second replacement frame 34 through the eccentrically connected second connecting rod 41, finally inserting it into the fixing hole 31 of the first replacement frame 29 to complete the mechanical locking. This motor-driven automatic locking method does not require additional tools, completely solving the pain point of cumbersome disassembly and assembly of traditional bolt fixing or welding connections, and greatly improving the continuity of construction. At the same time, the pressure plate 36 presses the first replacement frame 29 under the elastic force of the second spring 37. This design effectively eliminates connection gaps and prevents loosening during operation. The precise insertion of the second connector 38 and the first connector 32 ensures the stability of hydraulic oil or power transmission, eliminating the risk of leakage or power outage. During disassembly, the motor 39 reverses, and the drive disc 40 drives the locking rod 42 out of the fixing hole 31 via the second connecting rod 41. The pressure plate 36 resets under the action of the second spring 37, pulling the second replacement component to disengage the slide plate 35 from the slide groove 30. At the same time, the first connector 32 and the second connector 38 separate, completing the quick disassembly. Furthermore, by replacing the slide plate 35 and slide groove 30 with different sizes, the same breaking mechanism can be adapted to various excavator models, significantly improving the versatility and reusability of the mechanism. The overall design reduces the labor intensity of disassembly and assembly, reduces the need for carrying tools, and has outstanding practical and economic value for multi-process construction scenarios that require frequent attachment changes.

[0032] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A crushing mechanism for an excavator, characterized in that, The device includes a first housing (1), in which a striking element (9) is provided. The striking element (9) is connected to a crushing rod (3) and is used to drive the crushing rod (3) to move axially. The crushing rod (3) is movably connected to a second housing (2), which is fixedly connected to the first housing (1). A movable tube (10) is fixedly connected to the crushing rod (3) and is connected to a driving element (5). A fixed bracket (4) is fixedly connected to the first housing (1), and a driving element (5) is provided on the fixed bracket (4). The driving element (5) is used to drive the crushing rod (3) to rotate.

2. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The output end of the drive unit (5) is connected to the reducer (8). The reducer (8) includes a first reduction gear (24). The first reduction gear (24) is fixedly connected to the output end of the drive unit (5). The first reduction gear (24) is rotatably connected to the first housing (1). A second reduction gear (25) is concentrically arranged on the first reduction gear (24). The second reduction gear (25) meshes with a third reduction gear (26). The third reduction gear (26) is rotatably connected to the first housing (1). A drive shaft (27) is fixedly connected to the third reduction gear (26), and the drive shaft (27) is slidably inserted into the movable tube (10).

3. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The striking component (9) is provided with a limiting hole (11), and a limiting rod (7) is slidably inserted into the limiting hole (11). The limiting rod (7) is fixedly connected to the fixed bracket (4).

4. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The third reduction gear (26) meshes with two sets of gear discs (13), and a rotating shaft (23) is provided on the gear discs (13). The rotating shaft (23) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the first housing (1). An eccentric rod (22) is eccentrically provided on the gear disc (13). The eccentric rod (22) is rotatably connected to one end of a first connecting rod (14), and the other end of the first connecting rod (14) is rotatably connected to the striking component (9).

5. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The striking component (9) includes a striking ring, which is provided with a plurality of striking grooves (12). A striking head (16) is slidably connected in the striking grooves (12) along the diameter direction of the striking ring, and a plurality of striking steps (17) are provided on the striking head (16). A first spring (20) is provided between the striking head (16) and the striking groove (12); An adjustment groove (18) is provided on the outer periphery of the striking ring, and an adjustment ring (19) is rotatably connected to the adjustment groove (18). One end of a pull wire (21) is connected to the striking head (16), and the other end of the pull wire (21) passes through the striking ring and is connected to the inner wall of the adjusting ring (19). The active tube (10) is provided with a striking plate (15), which is located between a plurality of striking heads (16).

6. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fixing rod (6) is provided on the fixing bracket (4).

7. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes replacement components, which include a first replacement part and a second replacement part, wherein the first replacement part is connected to the boom and the second replacement part is connected to the attachment.

8. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that, The first replacement component includes a first fixing plate (28), on which a first replacement frame (29) is provided, and on which a sliding groove (30) and a fixing hole (31) are provided; The first replacement frame (29) is provided with a first connector (32).

9. The excavator crushing mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The second replacement component includes a second fixing plate (33), a second replacement frame (34) is provided on the second fixing plate (33), and a sliding plate (35) is provided on the second replacement frame (34); A motor (39) is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame (34). A drive disk (40) is fixedly connected to the output end of the motor (39). One end of a second connecting rod (41) is eccentrically rotatably connected to the drive disk (40). The other end of the second connecting rod (41) is rotatably connected to a locking rod (42). The locking rod (42) is slidably connected to the second replacement frame (34). A pressure plate (36) is slidably connected to the second replacement frame (34), and a second spring (37) is provided on one side of the pressure plate (36). The second spring (37) is fixedly connected to the second replacement frame (34). The pressure plate (36) is provided with a second connector (38).

10. A crushing mechanism for an excavator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first connector (32) and the second connector (38) are inserted into each other; The slide plate (35) is slidably inserted into the slide groove (30); The locking rod (42) is inserted into the fixing hole (31).

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