Small-empty-top-distance airborne anchor protection mechanism integrating temporary support and drill boom

Abstract

The invention provides a small empty top distance airborne anchor protection mechanism integrating temporary support and drill boom, which comprises a support seat, a sliding platform, a sliding platform and a lower fixed platform, the lower fixed platform is connected with the support seat, and the sliding platform is arranged above the lower fixed platform and can move back and forth relative to the lower fixed platform; the sliding base is arranged above the sliding platform and can move back and forth relative to the sliding platform; the left drilling arm and the right drilling arm are telescopically connected to the left end and the right end of the front side of the sliding base respectively and used for anchoring and protecting a roadway; the temporary supporting part is telescopically connected to the middle of the sliding base and used for providing temporary supporting. By adopting the structure that the left drill arm and the right drill arm are combined with the temporary supporting part, the anchor protection range is wide, the flexibility is high, and the supporting requirement of a large-range top slope anchor rod can be met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of integrated tunneling and anchoring equipment technology, and in particular to a small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism that integrates temporary support and drill arm. Background Technology

[0002] In coal mine roadway excavation, to ensure roof stability and construction safety, it is necessary to implement bolt support promptly after excavation and minimize the "unsupported distance"—the unsupported distance from the roadway face to the nearest permanent support. Currently, machine-mounted bolt support technology mainly adopts several typical schemes, but all have obvious limitations.

[0003] The existing airborne anchoring mechanisms include the following types: Option 1: The onboard drill frame of the roadheader-anchor machine is fixed to the machine body. It relies on the overall sliding movement of the cutting section to cut coal and rock, achieving parallel roadheader-anchoring operations. The machine body is equipped with temporary supports. This anchoring mechanism uses multiple drill frames, offering high anchoring efficiency and capable of anchoring top anchors and most side anchors. However, the gap between the head and the cutter is relatively large, and the movement range of a single drill frame is limited. This option is only suitable for roadheader-anchor machines and not for continuous mining machines or tunneling machines. This is because the roadheader-anchor machine's cutting motor is horizontally mounted and equipped with a vertical shovel. Furthermore, the roadheader-anchor machine performs full-width cutting, with the cutting section only moving up and down without lateral sweeping motion. This allows the drill frames to be arranged close to the face, relatively shortening the gap between the head and the cutter. In short, the gap between the head and the cutter is large, making it unsuitable for continuous mining machines and tunneling machines.

[0004] Option 2: The drilling rig of the small-aperture-to-anchor integrated machine is integrated into the anchoring platform on both sides of the machine body. As the platform slides closer to the face, it anchors, and the machine body is equipped with temporary support. This structure cannot drill and anchor parallel but reduces the gap between the head and the cutter, and can still accommodate multiple drilling rigs to improve anchoring efficiency. The disadvantage is that the movement range of a single drilling rig is small, only able to support the top and upper side anchors. This option is only suitable for integrated drilling and anchor machines and not for continuous mining machines or tunneling machines. This is because the cutting motor of the integrated drilling and anchor machine is horizontally mounted and equipped with a vertical shovel. Furthermore, the integrated drilling and anchor machine performs full-width cutting, and the cutting part only moves up and down without lateral sweeping motion. This allows the anchoring platform base to be positioned relatively close to the face; otherwise, the required sliding stroke would make it difficult to guarantee the strength of the support structure of the heavy anchoring platform with multiple drilling rigs. In short, it is not suitable for continuous mining machines or tunneling machines.

[0005] Option 3: Continuous mining machines typically do not carry anchoring devices. For machines with onboard drill frames, a small number of drill frames are fixed behind the shovel plate to achieve partial top anchoring, with temporary support arranged on the cutting arm. This option has a large gap between the top and the ground, and the limited movement range of a single drill frame results in a limited support area. The temporary support arranged on the cutting arm is also easily damaged by the severe vibrations during cutting. In short, this option is inefficient, has a small support area, unreliable temporary support, a large gap between the top and the ground, and is unsuitable for tunneling machines.

[0006] Option 4: The tunneling machine's onboard drill arms are typically mounted on both sides of the machine body. A multi-stage sliding device pushes the drill frame and personnel platform near the face for anchoring, with temporary support arranged on the cutting arm. This option has a smaller head-to-face distance and a large drill frame range of motion, meeting the support requirements for top and side anchors. However, the two drill arms can only support two drill frames, resulting in lower anchoring efficiency. Furthermore, the temporary support arranged on the cutting arm is easily damaged by the intense vibrations during cutting. This option is only suitable for cantilever tunneling machines because the anchoring efficiency of options 1 and 2 is higher for integrated tunneling and anchoring machines. The vertical cutting motor of a continuous mining machine interferes with the multi-stage sliding device of the drill arms. In short, it is inefficient, the temporary support is unreliable, and it is not suitable for continuous mining machines. While it can be used with integrated tunneling and anchoring machines for a smaller head-to-face distance, it is still inefficient.

[0007] In summary, existing technologies generally suffer from problems such as large gaps between the top and bottom, low anchoring efficiency, poor reliability of temporary support, and narrow adaptability to different machine types. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The present invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. Therefore, the objective of the present invention is to propose a small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm, which can reduce the abutment distance and expand the anchoring range.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, this invention proposes a small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm, comprising: Support base, used to fix it to the frame of the tunneling equipment; A sliding platform includes a sliding platform and a lower fixed platform. The lower fixed platform is connected to the support base, and the sliding platform is located above the lower fixed platform and can move back and forth relative to the lower fixed platform. A sliding base is disposed above the sliding platform and can move back and forth relative to the sliding platform; The left and right drill arms are telescopically connected to the left and right ends of the front side of the sliding base, respectively, for anchoring the roadway. A temporary support section, telescopically connected to the middle of the sliding base, is used to provide temporary support; The coordinated telescopic movement of the sliding platform and the sliding base enables the left drill arm, the right drill arm, and the temporary support to move synchronously to a position close to the roadway face.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding platform further includes a sliding guide rail, a guide sleeve, and a first telescopic cylinder; the guide sleeve is connected to the lower fixed platform in the front-rear direction; the sliding guide rail is connected to the bottom of the sliding platform and slidably sleeved in the guide sleeve; the cylinder body of the first telescopic cylinder is connected to the lower fixed platform, and the piston rod of the first telescopic cylinder is connected to the sliding platform for driving the sliding platform to extend and retract relative to the lower fixed platform.

[0011] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding platform further includes a rack and a secondary slide rail, the secondary slide rail being disposed at the left and right ends of the sliding platform along the front-back direction; the sliding base includes a sliding block, a base plate, a right base, a motor, and a left base; the sliding block is disposed at the left and right ends of the bottom of the base plate and slides in cooperation with the secondary slide rail; the rack is disposed at the top of the sliding platform along the front-back direction; the motor is mounted on the base plate, the output shaft of the motor passes through the base plate and is connected to a gear, the gear meshing with the rack; the left base and the right base have the same structure and are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the top of the base plate.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the sliding base further includes temporary support ears and temporary support cylinder ears; the temporary support ears and the temporary support cylinder ears are arranged sequentially and centrally on the top of the base plate from back to front; the upper part of the front end of the right base is provided with a base arm connecting ear, and the lower left and right sides of the front end of the right base are provided with two pairs of swing cylinder connecting ears.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the right drill arm includes a first base arm, a second telescopic cylinder, a first telescopic arm, and two swing cylinders; the rear end of the first base arm is connected to the base arm connecting lug; the second telescopic cylinder is disposed inside the first base arm, and the piston rod of the second telescopic cylinder is connected to the first telescopic arm for driving the first telescopic arm to extend and retract axially relative to the first base arm; one end of the two swing cylinders is connected to the bottom end of the first base arm, and the other end of the two swing cylinders is respectively connected to the corresponding swing cylinder connecting lug, for driving the right drill arm to pitch and swing left and right.

[0014] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the right drill arm further includes a drill frame connecting frame, a first spiral swing cylinder, a second spiral swing cylinder, a drill frame, and a connecting plate; the drill frame is mounted on the top of the drill frame connecting frame; the rotating end of the first spiral swing cylinder is connected to the bottom of the drill frame connecting frame, the cylinder body of the first spiral swing cylinder is connected to one end of the connecting plate on the side near the first telescopic arm, the other end of the connecting plate is connected to the rotating end of the second spiral swing cylinder, and the cylinder body of the second spiral swing cylinder is connected to the front end of the first telescopic arm.

[0015] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the right drill arm further includes a pedal, a manned platform, a rotary reducer, a tilt sensor, and a synchronous transmission mechanism; the rotary reducer is installed below the first telescopic arm; the manned platform is connected to the output end of the rotary reducer through the synchronous transmission mechanism; the pedal is linked to the output end of the rotary reducer through the synchronous transmission mechanism, and the manned platform and the pedal are located at the left and right ends of the synchronous transmission mechanism, respectively; the tilt sensor is disposed on the manned platform and is used to detect the tilt angle of the manned platform relative to the horizontal plane; the rotary reducer is driven by a tilt adjustment motor, and the tilt adjustment drive motor controls the output shaft of the rotary reducer to rotate according to the signal of the tilt sensor, so that the pedal and the manned platform remain in a horizontal state.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temporary support includes a second base arm, a lifting cylinder, a third telescopic cylinder, a second telescopic arm, a third spiral swing cylinder, and a temporary support assembly; The two ends of the lifting cylinder are respectively hinged to the temporary support cylinder lug and the bottom of the second base arm, and are used to drive the second base arm to pitch and swing. The third telescopic cylinder is located inside the second base arm, and the piston rod of the third telescopic cylinder is connected to the second telescopic arm to drive the second telescopic arm to extend and retract axially relative to the second base arm. The cylinder body of the third spiral swing cylinder is connected to the front end of the second telescopic arm, and the rotating end of the third spiral swing cylinder is connected to the temporary support assembly for adjusting the pitch angle of the temporary support assembly relative to the second telescopic arm.

[0017] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the temporary support assembly includes a first temporary support extension, a first temporary support telescopic cylinder, a second temporary support telescopic cylinder, a temporary support body, and a second temporary support extension; the temporary support body is connected to the rotating end of the third spiral swing cylinder; the first temporary support extension and the second temporary support extension are respectively slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the temporary support body; the first temporary support telescopic cylinder is used to drive the first temporary support extension to extend and retract to the right; the second temporary support telescopic cylinder is used to drive the second temporary support extension to extend and retract to the left.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-to-top distance machine-mounted anchoring mechanism of the present invention, through the use of a double drill arm structure combining left and right drill arms with a temporary support unit, provides a wide anchoring range and high flexibility, adapting to the support requirements of large-scale roof and side anchor bolts. This structure integrates all the functions of temporary support and anchor drilling required for anchoring work. When the tunneling machinery is in cutting mode, it retracts to the rear of the machine without affecting the cutting operation, and it facilitates the modification and upgrading of anchoring functions for various types of tunneling machinery, making inspection and maintenance convenient.

[0019] 2. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-above-top distance machine-mounted anchoring mechanism of the present invention adopts a three-stage telescopic and multi-spiral swing cylinder rotation and folding structure with hydraulic cylinder-driven sliding guide rail and guide sleeve + gear and rack driven track guide + telescopic arm. The structure has two main characteristics: First, in the retracted state, it is compact, with small height and width, minimizing its impact on the overall height and width of different tunneling machines, thus making it applicable to a wide range of machine types and roadways. Its short length ensures that the entire anchoring device, including the temporary support and drill arm, is located at the rear of the machine during movement or cutting, without affecting the machine's movement or cutting, and allows the machine's center of gravity to shift rearward, improving stability. Second, the structure has a long telescopic stroke, allowing the temporary support and drill frame to extend to the face and unfold to the working position during anchoring operations, reducing the gap between the machine and the roof. The third characteristic of this structure is its high reliability. When not anchored, it is integrated into the rear side of the machine and connected to the frame, reducing the damage to the structure caused by the severe vibration generated during the cutting operation. At the same time, it has high strength and rigidity. The three-stage telescopic design adopts different mechanical guiding structures. When extended in the anchored state, it can still withstand the self-weight of the temporary support and the supporting force, as well as the self-weight of the double drill arms and the anchor reaction force, with minimal deformation. From the structural principle, this avoids the problem of damage and oil leakage caused by radial force and vibration of the telescopic drive cylinder.

[0020] 3. The man-standing platform of the integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture-distance airborne anchoring mechanism of the present invention has a built-in tilt sensor. The man-standing platform is linked with the rotary reducer. In the non-anchoring state, the spiral swing cylinder can be freely adjusted to fold and retract the man-standing platform. After entering the anchoring state, the tilt sensor data is read to drive the rotary reducer to automatically level the man-standing platform and keep the man-standing platform and the pedal horizontal during the movement of the drill arm.

[0021] 4. Compared with Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 in the background art, the gap between the ceiling and the roof is smaller; compared with Scheme 3 in the background art, the support range is larger, the temporary support is more reliable, and the gap between the ceiling and the roof is reduced; compared with Scheme 4 in the background art, the problem of unreliable temporary support is solved, and the integration is higher and the control is more convenient.

[0022] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Various other advantages and benefits will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the same reference numerals denote the same parts throughout the drawings. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a small-aperture airborne anchorage mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding platform in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a top view of the sliding platform in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sliding base in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the left drill arm in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 6 This is a top view of the left drill arm in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a front view of a temporary support section in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a left view of a temporary support section in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a small-aperture-distance machine-mounted anchor protection mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm installed on a continuous mining machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of a small-aperture airborne anchorage mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 1-Support base, 2-Sliding platform, 3-Sliding base, 4-Left drill arm, 5-Right drill arm, 6-Temporary support, 21-Sliding platform, 22-Sliding guide rail, 23-Guide sleeve, 24-Lower fixed platform, 25-First telescopic cylinder, 26-First pin, 27-Second pin, 28-Rack, 31-Sliding block, 32-Base plate, 33-Right base, 34-Temporary support lug, 35-Motor, 36-Temporary support cylinder lug, 37-Left base, 331-Base arm connecting lug, 332-Swing cylinder connecting lug, 51-First connecting block, 52-Third pin, 53-Fourth pin, 54-Fifth pin, 55-First base arm, 56-Second telescopic cylinder, 57-Sixth pin, 58-First telescopic arm, 59-Drill frame connecting frame, 510-First spiral swing cylinder, 511-Second spiral 512-Seventh pin, 513-Swing cylinder, 514-Eighth pin, 515-Second connecting block, 516-Ninth pin, 517-Pedal, 518-Drill frame, 519-Standing platform, 520-Rotary reducer, 521-Connecting plate, 522-First axis, 523-Second axis, 524-Third axis, 61-Tenth pin, 62-Eleventh pin, 63-Second base arm, 64-Twelfth pin, 65-Lifting cylinder, 66-Thirteenth pin, 67-Third telescopic cylinder, 68-Second telescopic arm, 69-Fourteenth pin, 610-Third spiral swing cylinder, 611-First temporary support extension, 612-First temporary support telescopic cylinder, 613-Second temporary support telescopic cylinder, 614-Temporary support body, 615-Second temporary support extension. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention. Rather, embodiments of the invention include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0035] The following is for reference. Figures 1 to 10 This describes a temporary support and a small-aperture-to-the-head-distance airborne anchoring mechanism for the drill arm according to embodiments of the present invention. The small-aperture-to-the-head-distance is typically limited to 1-1.5 meters.

[0036] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, a small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a support base 1, a sliding platform 2, a sliding base 3, a left drill arm 4, a right drill arm 5, and a temporary support section 6.

[0037] Support base 1 is used to fix it to the frame of the tunneling equipment. The specific type of support base 1 is set according to actual needs. For example, support base 1 includes two sets of mounting plates, front and rear, for fixing to the frame of the tunneling equipment. The specific type of tunneling equipment is not limited, such as continuous mining machine, roadheader, tunneling machine, etc.

[0038] The sliding platform 2 includes a sliding platform 21 and a lower fixed platform 24. The lower fixed platform 24 is connected to the support base 1. The sliding platform 21 is located above the lower fixed platform 24 and can move back and forth relative to the lower fixed platform 24, thus forming a first-stage telescopic movement. The sliding platform 21 can be driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The sliding base 3 is located above the sliding platform 21 and can move back and forth relative to the sliding platform 21, thus forming a second-stage telescopic movement. The sliding base 3 can be driven by a gear and rack.

[0039] The left drill arm 4 and the right drill arm 5 are telescopically connected to the left and right ends of the front side of the sliding base 3, respectively, for anchoring the roadway. The left drill arm 4 and the right drill arm 5 are symmetrically arranged along the left and right sides of the sliding platform 2.

[0040] The temporary support section 6 is telescopically connected to the middle of the sliding base 3 to provide temporary support. The temporary support section 6 is located between the left drill arm 4 and the right drill arm 5, and its extension and retraction can be driven by a hydraulic cylinder. The extension and retraction of the left drill arm 4, the right drill arm 5, and the temporary support section 6 itself form a three-stage extension and retraction mechanism.

[0041] The coordinated telescoping motion of the sliding platform 2 and the sliding base 3 enables the left drill arm 4, the right drill arm 5, and the temporary support 6 to move forward synchronously to a position close to the roadway face.

[0042] As can be seen from the above, the structure of the first, second, and third stages of telescopic tunneling can adapt to the requirements of different tunneling machine models and the problem of small hole-to-top distance.

[0043] Combination Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the sliding platform 2 further includes a sliding guide rail 22, a guide sleeve 23, and a first telescopic cylinder 25. The guide sleeve 23 is connected to the lower fixed platform 24 in the front-rear direction. The sliding guide rail 22 is connected to the bottom of the sliding platform 21 and slidably fitted inside the guide sleeve 23. The cylinder body of the first telescopic cylinder 25 is connected to the lower fixed platform 24, and the piston rod of the first telescopic cylinder 25 is connected to the sliding platform 21, for driving the sliding platform 21 to extend and retract relative to the lower fixed platform 24.

[0044] from Figure 2As can be seen in one example, there are two sliding guide rails 22 and two guide sleeves 23, which are installed on the left and right sides of the bottom of the sliding platform 21, respectively. One end of the first telescopic cylinder 25 is connected to the lower fixed platform 24 by the first pin 26, and the other end is connected to the sliding platform 21 by the second pin 27. When the first telescopic cylinder 25 extends, it causes the sliding platform 21 to move forward.

[0045] The sliding platform 2 also includes a rack 28 and a secondary slide rail, which is located at the left and right ends of the sliding platform 21 along the front-back direction. The sliding base 3 includes a sliding block 31, a base plate 32, a right base 33, a motor 35, and a left base 37. The sliding block 31 is located at the left and right ends of the bottom of the base plate 32 and slides in cooperation with the secondary slide rail. The specific type of the secondary slide rail is set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the secondary slide rail is a rectangular cross-section guide rail. The sliding block 31 has a U-shaped cross-section, covering the sides and bottom of the secondary slide rail, and forms a sliding cooperation with the top and sides of the slide rail. The rack 28 is located at the top of the sliding platform 21 along the front-back direction. The motor 35 is mounted on the base plate 32, and the output shaft of the motor 35 passes through the base plate 32 and is connected to a gear, which meshes with the rack 28. The left base 37 and the right base 33 have the same structure and are located on the left and right sides of the top of the base plate 32, respectively. Motor 35 drives the sliding base 3 to slide relative to the sliding platform 2.

[0046] Reference Figure 4 The sliding base 3 also includes temporary support ears 34 and temporary support cylinder ears 36. The temporary support ears 34 and temporary support cylinder ears 36 are arranged sequentially from back to front and centered on the top of the base plate 32. The upper part of the front end of the right base 33 is provided with a base arm connecting ear 331, and the lower left and right sides of the front end of the right base 33 are provided with two pairs of swing cylinder connecting ears 332.

[0047] like Figure 5 As shown, since the left drill arm 4 and the right drill arm 5 have the same structure and similar functions, only the structure and function of the right drill arm 5 will be described. The right drill arm 5 includes a first base arm 55, a second telescopic cylinder 56, a first telescopic arm 58, and two swing cylinders 513. One end of the first base arm 55 is connected to the base arm connecting lug 331. The second telescopic cylinder 56 is located inside the first base arm 55, and the piston rod of the second telescopic cylinder 56 is connected to the first telescopic arm 58, used to drive the first telescopic arm 58 to extend and retract axially relative to the first base arm 55. One end of the two swing cylinders 513 is connected to the bottom end of the first base arm 55, and the other end of the two swing cylinders 513 is respectively connected to the corresponding swing cylinder connecting lug 332, used to drive the right drill arm 5 to pitch and swing left and right.

[0048] Specifically, the first telescopic arm 58 is fitted inside the first base arm 55. One end of the second telescopic cylinder 56 is connected to the first base arm 55 via the fifth pin 54, and the other end is connected to the first telescopic arm 58 via the sixth pin 57, allowing the second telescopic cylinder 56 to drive the first telescopic arm 58 to extend or retract along the axis of the second telescopic cylinder 56 under the guidance of the first base arm 55. The base arm connecting ears 331 are a pair, with the pin hole axis of the base arm connecting ears 331 being vertical. The base arm connecting ears 331 are connected to the first base arm 55 via the first connecting block 51. The first connecting block 51 has two sets of pin holes with mutually perpendicular axes. One set of pin holes in the first connecting block 51 is hinged to the right base 33 via the third pin 52, allowing the first base arm 55 to swing left and right around the axis of the third pin 52. The rear end of the first base arm 55 is hinged to the other set of pin holes in the first connecting block 51 via the fourth pin 53, allowing the first base arm 55 to swing up and down around the axis of the fourth pin 53.

[0049] The cylinder body of the swing cylinder 513 is connected to the swing cylinder connecting lug 332 via the second connecting block 515. The pin hole of the swing cylinder connecting lug 332 is axially vertical. The second connecting block 515 also has two sets of pin holes with mutually perpendicular axes. The second connecting block 515 is hinged to the swing cylinder connecting lug 332 via the ninth pin 516, allowing the second connecting block 515 to swing left and right around the axis of the ninth pin 516. The cylinder body of the swing cylinder 513 is hinged to the other set of pin holes of the second connecting block 515 via the eighth pin 514. The piston rod of the swing cylinder 513 is hinged to the pin hole in the middle of the first base arm 55 via the seventh pin 512. The lifting and swinging of the right drill arm 5 can be controlled by controlling the extension and retraction of the two swing cylinders 513.

[0050] like Figure 5 As shown, the right drill arm 5 also includes a drill frame connecting frame 59, a first spiral swing cylinder 510, a second spiral swing cylinder 511, a drill frame 518, and a connecting plate 521. The drill frame 518 is mounted on top of the drill frame connecting frame 59 for anchoring. The rotating end of the first spiral swing cylinder 510 is connected to the bottom of the drill frame connecting frame 59. The cylinder body of the first spiral swing cylinder 510 is connected to one end of the connecting plate 521 on the side near the first telescopic arm 58. The other end of the connecting plate 521 is connected to the rotating end of the second spiral swing cylinder 511. The cylinder body of the second spiral swing cylinder 511 is connected to the front end of the first telescopic arm 58.

[0051] The second spiral swing cylinder 511 can rotate around the first axis 522, thereby adjusting the left and right swing angles of the first spiral swing cylinder 510, the drill frame connecting frame 59, and the drill frame 518. The first spiral swing cylinder 510 can rotate around the second axis 523, thereby adjusting the pitch angles of the drill frame connecting frame 59 and the drill frame 518, wherein the first axis 522 is perpendicular to the second axis 523.

[0052] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the right drill arm 5 also includes a pedal 517, a manning platform 519, a rotary reducer 520, a tilt sensor, and a synchronous transmission mechanism. The rotary reducer 520 is installed below the first telescopic arm 58. The manning platform 519 is connected to the output end of the rotary reducer 520 via the synchronous transmission mechanism. The pedal 517 is linked to the output end of the rotary reducer 520 via the synchronous transmission mechanism. The manning platform 519 and the pedal 517 are located at the left and right ends of the synchronous transmission mechanism, respectively. The specific type of the synchronous transmission mechanism is set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. For example, the synchronous transmission mechanism is a rigid frame. The output end of the rotary reducer 520 is connected to one side of the rigid frame, and the manning platform 519 is hinged to the left end of the rigid frame for a flip-up connection. By folding upwards, the space occupied is reduced, achieving a compact design. The tilt sensor is installed on the manning platform 519 to detect the tilt angle of the manning platform 519 relative to the horizontal plane. The rotary reducer 520 is driven by a tilt adjustment motor. The tilt adjustment drive motor controls the output shaft of the rotary reducer 520 to rotate according to the signal from the tilt sensor, so that the pedal 517 and the standing platform 519 remain in a horizontal state.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotary reducer 520 can rotate around the third axis 524, which can adjust the position of the standing platform 519 and the pedal 517 to keep them horizontal. The third axis 524 is a horizontal axis along the longitudinal direction of the roadway and is perpendicular to the second axis 523.

[0054] In addition, the small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm does not have a dedicated anchoring mechanism operating platform. Instead, it uses a remote control to operate the drill frame 518, which significantly reduces the size of the personnel platform and the size of the anchoring mechanism after recovery. At the same time, it greatly reduces the self-weight of the front end of the drill arm and reduces the deformation of the drill arm.

[0055] Combination Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the temporary support 6 includes a second base arm 63, a lifting cylinder 65, a third telescopic cylinder 67, a second telescopic arm 68, a third spiral swing cylinder 610, and a temporary support assembly.

[0056] The lifting cylinder 65 has its two ends hinged to the temporary support cylinder lug 36 and the bottom of the second base arm 63, respectively, for driving the second base arm 63 to pitch and swing. The third telescopic cylinder 67 is located inside the second base arm 63, and its piston rod is connected to the second telescopic arm 68, for driving the second telescopic arm 68 to extend and retract axially relative to the second base arm 63. The cylinder body of the third helical swing cylinder 610 is connected to the front end of the second telescopic arm 68, and the rotating end of the third helical swing cylinder 610 is connected to the temporary support assembly, for adjusting the pitch angle of the temporary support assembly relative to the second telescopic arm 68.

[0057] In one example, the temporary support assembly includes a first temporary support extension 611, a first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612, a second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613, a temporary support body 614, and a second temporary support extension 615. The temporary support body 614 is connected to the rotating end of a third helical swing cylinder 610. The first temporary support extension 611 and the second temporary support extension 615 are slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the temporary support body 614. The first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612 drives the first temporary support extension 611 to extend and retract to the right. The second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613 drives the second temporary support extension 615 to extend and retract to the left.

[0058] In a specific example, the rear end of the second base arm 63 of the temporary support section 6 is hinged to the temporary support ear 34 via the tenth pin 61, allowing the second base arm 63 to swing around the axis of the tenth pin 61. One end of the lifting cylinder 65 is connected to the temporary support cylinder ear 36 via the twelfth pin 64, and the other end is hinged to the pin hole in the middle of the second base arm 63 via the thirteenth pin 66. The lifting and lowering of the temporary support section 6 can be controlled by extending and retracting the lifting cylinder 65. The second telescopic arm 68 is fitted inside the second base arm 63. One end of the third telescopic cylinder 67 is connected to the second base arm 63 via the eleventh pin 62, and the other end is connected to the second telescopic arm 68 via the fourteenth pin 69, allowing the third telescopic cylinder 67 to drive the second telescopic arm 68 to extend or retract along the axis of the third telescopic cylinder 67 under the guidance of the second base arm 63. The bottom of the third spiral swing cylinder 610 is connected to the front end of the second telescopic arm 68 by screws or other means, and the temporary support body 614 is connected to the front end of the third spiral swing cylinder 610 by screws or other means. The third spiral swing cylinder 610 can rotate around the axis 616, thereby adjusting the pitch angle of the first temporary support extension 611, the first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612, the second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613, the temporary support body 614, and the second temporary support extension 615.

[0059] Combination Figures 1 to 10 As shown, the main workflow of the integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism according to the above embodiment is as follows: In step S1, when the tunneling machinery is moving or performing cutting operations, the first telescopic cylinder 25 is fully retracted, the sliding platform 2 is located at the rear end of the sliding guide rail 22, and the sliding base 3 is also located at the rear end of the sliding platform 2. The left drill arm 4 and right drill arm 5 retract the first telescopic arm 58 by adjusting the length of the second telescopic cylinder 56, the height of the left drill arm 4 and right drill arm 5 is reduced by adjusting the length of the swing cylinder 513, and the drill frame connecting frame 59 and drill frame 518 are folded back and retracted by adjusting the first spiral swing cylinder 510 and the second spiral swing cylinder 511 (e.g., ...). Figure 5 As shown), the personnel platform 519 folds back to the side of the drill arm. The temporary support section 6, by adjusting the third telescopic cylinder 67, causes the second telescopic arm 68 to drive the third spiral swing cylinder 610, the first temporary support extension section 611, the first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612, the second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613, the temporary support body 614, and the second temporary support extension section 615 back to the front of the left drill arm 4 and the right drill arm 5. By adjusting the third spiral swing cylinder 610, the first temporary support extension section 611, the temporary support body 614, and the second temporary support extension section 615 fold downwards (as shown). Figure 8 As shown), the lengths of the first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612 and the second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613 are controlled to retract the first temporary support extension 611 and the second temporary support extension 615. Taking a continuous coal mining machine as an example, the positional relationship between the integrated temporary support and drill arm small-roof-distance machine-mounted anchoring mechanism and the tunneling machinery is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, it is located above and behind the tunneling machine. The advantage of this placement is that it can make the most of the limited space, reduce the overall size of the machine, facilitate movement and adjustment, improve roadway adaptability and passability, and at the same time, it will not affect the movement of the cutting unit and other units during cutting operations.

[0060] In step S2, when the tunneling machinery begins anchoring operations, the sliding platform 2 is extended by the first telescopic cylinder 25, and the sliding base 3 is extended by the motor 35. At this time, the extended sliding base 3 is located at the foremost end of the secondary slide rail. Subsequently, the temporary support body 614 is rotated to a horizontal position and kept horizontal by the third spiral swing cylinder 610. The first temporary support extension part 611 and the second temporary support extension part 615 are extended by controlling the first temporary support telescopic cylinder 612 and the second temporary support telescopic cylinder 613 to increase the support area. Then, the third telescopic cylinder 67 is controlled to drive the second telescopic arm 68 to extend to the temporary support position, and the lifting cylinder 65 is controlled to lift the second base arm 63 so that the temporary support body 614 contacts the roadway roof and provides support. The right drill arm 5 controls the first spiral swing cylinder 510 to rotate approximately 90°, making the drill frame 518 horizontally outward. Then, it controls the second spiral swing cylinder 511 to rotate approximately 90°, making the drill frame 518 vertically upward. Next, the tilt sensor inside the personnel platform 519 acquires the tilt angle of the platform and, through the rotary reducer 520, rotates it by the corresponding angle to keep the personnel platform 519 and the footboard 517 horizontal. The personnel arm is then deployed and the operator climbs onto the personnel platform 519. Then, the second telescopic cylinder 56 drives the first telescopic arm 58 to extend, bringing the drill frame 518 closer to the anchor position. The left drill arm 4 simultaneously performs a mirror-image action with similar steps. All of the above operations are remotely controlled by the anchor operator using a handheld remote control. The assistant anchor operator can only control one side of the drill arm with the handheld remote control, while the main anchor operator can control the remaining mechanisms.

[0061] In step S3, during the anchoring operation of the tunneling machinery, the operator of the right drill arm 5 can adjust the position of the drill frame by controlling the second telescopic cylinder 56 and the swing cylinder 513 to anchor different locations in the roadway. Controlling the rotary reducer 520 ensures that the personnel platform 519 and the footboard 517 remain horizontal. Controlling the first helical swing cylinder 510 ensures that the drill frame 518 remains perpendicular to the roadway roof and sidewalls. Controlling the second helical swing cylinder 511 not only allows for fine-tuning of the drill frame 518 to facilitate hole finding and alignment, but also enables the drill frame 518 to quickly switch between top anchoring and side anchoring states. The left drill arm 4 can perform similar mirror-image actions.

[0062] Step S4: After the tunneling machinery completes the anchoring operation, the onboard anchoring mechanism is restored to its initial position by adjusting each hydraulic cylinder. After that, the tunneling machinery can start moving or enter the next cutting and anchoring cycle.

[0063] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0064] In the description of this invention, the terms "left," "right," "front," "rear," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0065] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A small-aperture airborne anchoring mechanism integrating temporary support and drill arm, characterized in that, include: Support base (1) is used to fix it on the frame of the tunneling equipment; The sliding platform (2) includes a sliding platform (21) and a lower fixed platform (24). The lower fixed platform (24) is connected to the support base (1). The sliding platform (21) is located above the lower fixed platform (24) and can move back and forth relative to the lower fixed platform (24). A sliding base (3) is provided above the sliding platform (21) and can move back and forth relative to the sliding platform (21); The left drill arm (4) and the right drill arm (5) are telescopically connected to the left and right ends of the front side of the sliding base (3) respectively, for anchoring the roadway; A temporary support section (6) is telescopically connected to the middle of the sliding base (3) to provide temporary support; The coordinated telescopic movement of the sliding platform (2) and the sliding base (3) enables the left drill arm (4), the right drill arm (5) and the temporary support (6) to move forward synchronously to a position close to the roadway face.

2. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sliding platform (2) further includes a sliding guide rail (22), a guide sleeve (23), and a first telescopic cylinder (25); the guide sleeve (23) is connected to the lower fixed platform (24) in the front-back direction; the sliding guide rail (22) is connected to the bottom of the sliding platform (21) and is slidably fitted inside the guide sleeve (23); the cylinder body of the first telescopic cylinder (25) is connected to the lower fixed platform (24), and the piston rod of the first telescopic cylinder (25) is connected to the sliding platform (21) for driving the sliding platform (21) to extend and retract relative to the lower fixed platform (24).

3. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sliding platform (2) also includes a rack (28) and a secondary slide rail, which is located at the left and right ends of the sliding platform (21) along the front-back direction; the sliding base (3) includes a sliding block (31), a base plate (32), a right base (33), a motor (35), and a left base (37); the sliding block (31) is located at the left and right ends of the bottom of the base plate (32) and slides in cooperation with the secondary slide rail; the rack (28) is located at the top of the sliding platform (21) along the front-back direction; the motor (35) is mounted on the base plate (32), and the output shaft of the motor (35) passes through the base plate (32) and is connected to a gear, which meshes with the rack (28); the left base (37) and the right base (33) have the same structure and are located on the left and right sides of the top of the base plate (32), respectively.

4. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The sliding base (3) also includes temporary support ears (34) and temporary support cylinder ears (36); the temporary support ears (34) and the temporary support cylinder ears (36) are arranged in the center from back to front on the top of the base plate (32); the upper part of the front end of the right base (33) is provided with a base arm connecting ear (331), and the lower left and right sides of the front end of the right base (33) are provided with two pairs of swing cylinder connecting ears (332).

5. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The right drill arm (5) includes a first base arm (55), a second telescopic cylinder (56), a first telescopic arm (58), and two swing cylinders (513); the rear end of the first base arm (55) is connected to the base arm connecting lug (331); the second telescopic cylinder (56) is located inside the first base arm (55), and the piston rod of the second telescopic cylinder (56) is connected to the first telescopic arm (58) to drive the first telescopic arm (58) to extend and retract axially relative to the first base arm (55); one end of the two swing cylinders (513) is connected to the bottom end of the first base arm (55), and the other end of the two swing cylinders (513) is connected to the corresponding swing cylinder connecting lug (332) to drive the right drill arm (5) to pitch and swing left and right.

6. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The right drill arm (5) also includes a drill frame connecting frame (59), a first spiral swing cylinder (510), a second spiral swing cylinder (511), a drill frame (518), and a connecting plate (521); the drill frame (518) is installed on the top of the drill frame connecting frame (59); the rotating end of the first spiral swing cylinder (510) is connected to the bottom of the drill frame connecting frame (59), the cylinder body of the first spiral swing cylinder (510) is connected to one end of the connecting plate (521) on the side near the first telescopic arm (58), the other end of the connecting plate (521) is connected to the rotating end of the second spiral swing cylinder (511), and the cylinder body of the second spiral swing cylinder (511) is connected to the front end of the first telescopic arm (58).

7. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, The right drill arm (5) also includes a pedal (517), a manned platform (519), a rotary reducer (520), an inclination sensor, and a synchronous transmission mechanism; the rotary reducer (520) is installed below the first telescopic arm (58); the manned platform (519) is connected to the output end of the rotary reducer (520) through the synchronous transmission mechanism; the pedal (517) is linked to the output end of the rotary reducer (520) through the synchronous transmission mechanism, and the manned platform (519) and the pedal (517) are located at the left and right ends of the synchronous transmission mechanism, respectively; the inclination sensor is set on the manned platform (519) and is used to detect the inclination angle of the manned platform (519) relative to the horizontal plane; the rotary reducer (520) is driven by an inclination adjustment motor, and the inclination adjustment drive motor controls the output shaft of the rotary reducer (520) to rotate according to the signal of the inclination sensor, so that the pedal (517) and the manned platform (519) remain in a horizontal state.

8. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 6, characterized in that, The temporary support (6) includes a second base arm (63), a lifting cylinder (65), a third telescopic cylinder (67), a second telescopic arm (68), a third spiral swing cylinder (610), and a temporary support assembly; The two ends of the lifting cylinder (65) are respectively hinged to the temporary support cylinder lug (36) and the bottom of the second base arm (63) to drive the second base arm (63) to pitch and swing. The third telescopic cylinder (67) is located inside the second base arm (63), and the piston rod of the third telescopic cylinder (67) is connected to the second telescopic arm (68) to drive the second telescopic arm (68) to extend and retract axially relative to the second base arm (63); The cylinder body of the third spiral swing cylinder (610) is connected to the front end of the second telescopic arm (68), and the rotating end of the third spiral swing cylinder (610) is connected to the temporary support assembly for adjusting the pitch angle of the temporary support assembly relative to the second telescopic arm (68).

9. The integrated temporary support and drill arm small-aperture roof-distance airborne anchoring mechanism according to claim 8, characterized in that, The temporary support assembly includes a first temporary support extension (611), a first temporary support telescopic cylinder (612), a second temporary support telescopic cylinder (613), a temporary support body (614), and a second temporary support extension (615). The temporary support body (614) is connected to the rotating end of the third spiral swing cylinder (610). The first temporary support extension (611) and the second temporary support extension (615) are respectively slidably inserted into the inner cavity of the temporary support body (614). The first temporary support telescopic cylinder (612) is used to drive the first temporary support extension (611) to extend to the right. The second temporary support telescopic cylinder (613) is used to drive the second temporary support extension (615) to extend to the left.

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