Grouting device and method suitable for water-rich soft and hard interaction fractured stratum

Abstract

The invention discloses a grouting device and method suitable for a water-rich soft and hard interactive fractured stratum, solves the problem that in the prior art, a grouting device is single in function, and has the beneficial effect that grouting slurry can be switched in time. Comprising a mixing pumping unit, a mixing stirrer is connected with a grouting pump body, and the grouting pump body is connected with a conveying pipe; the water-soluble auxiliary material batching and conveying unit, the water tank and the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank are respectively connected with the first booster pump, a control switch and a first flow transmitter are arranged between the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank and the first booster pump, and a second flow transmitter is arranged at a connecting pipeline of the first booster pump and the mixing stirrer; the permeation slurry conveying unit and the permeation slurry storage tank are connected with the mixing stirrer through a second booster pump, and a third flow transmitter is arranged between the second booster pump and the mixing stirrer; the particle type slurry conveying unit comprises a particle type slurry storage tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of grouting reinforcement, water plugging and seepage prevention grouting technology for tunnels and underground engineering, and in particular, a grouting device and method suitable for water-rich soft and hard alternating fractured strata. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] Deep water conservancy, mining, and tunneling projects frequently encounter water-rich, alternating soft and hard fractured strata formed during active geological tectonic movements. The soft strata are characterized by small particle size, high density, low strength, low permeability, and easy softening upon contact with water, while the hard strata are highly fractured, with large particle size, well-developed pores, and high permeability. The two types of strata exhibit significantly different properties. Deep groundwater environments are generally characterized by high pressure and large flow rates. Under the combined effects of excavation disturbance and external water pressure, groundwater in alternating soft and hard fractured strata erodes the interface between the hard and soft strata through the larger pores of the hard fractured strata or seeps into and damages the soft strata, leading to instability of the surrounding rock or tunnel face, and inducing major disasters such as landslides, mudslides, and water inrushes. For example, during the construction of a certain water conservancy project, encountering alternating strata of siltstone and fractured rock resulted in over a hundred landslides, mudslides, and water inrushes, causing significant economic losses and severe delays in construction. Effective reinforcement and seepage prevention treatment have become an urgent need for disaster prevention and safety construction in tunnels and underground engineering projects in Southwest my country.

[0004] To address the fractured strata commonly encountered in tunnels and underground engineering projects, pre-grouting is typically employed during construction for surrounding rock reinforcement, seepage control, and sealing of water-conducting channels. Due to the high density and small particle size of soft strata, granular grouting materials (cement-based, gypsum-based, etc.) or high-viscosity chemical grouts (epoxy resin, polyurethane) struggle to ensure effective diffusion. Therefore, low-viscosity grouting materials are required for reinforcing and preventing seepage in low-permeability strata. Conversely, hard, fractured strata exhibit high permeability, making it difficult to control the diffusion range with high-permeability grouts, leading to material waste. In these cases, widely available and low-cost granular grouting materials are commonly used. Under water-rich conditions, high-pressure water-conducting channels or localized water cavities are easily formed, necessitating materials with characteristics such as resistance to water dispersion and short initial setting time. When carrying out advanced grouting construction, different sections within the borehole are highly likely to encounter any of the following: soft strata, hard strata, and water-conducting channels. This requires that one section use a different grouting slurry, and the next section needs to use a different grouting slurry. However, the three materials have very different compositions. Existing grouting devices usually only have a single grouting module, including a cement storage tank and a water storage tank. The device controls the mixing of the two, resulting in a single function. This makes it impossible to switch the produced grouting slurry in a timely manner according to the actual working conditions, such as whether water plugging or seepage prevention is required. This leads to problems such as poor treatment effect, construction period delay, and material waste. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the purpose of this invention is to provide a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, which features strong applicability, high conversion efficiency for different functional grouts, and good cost control.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: A grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata includes: The mixing and pumping unit includes a mixing agitator connected to the grouting pump body, which is connected to the delivery pipe. A water-soluble auxiliary material batching and conveying unit includes a water tank and a water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank. The water tank and the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank are respectively connected to a first booster pump. A control switch and a first flow transmitter are installed between the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank and the first booster pump. The first booster pump is connected to a mixing agitator. A second flow transmitter is installed at the connection pipeline between the first booster pump and the mixing agitator. The permeable slurry conveying unit includes a permeable slurry storage tank, which is connected to a mixing agitator via a second booster pump, and a third flow transmitter is installed between the second booster pump and the mixing agitator. The granular slurry conveying unit includes a granular slurry storage tank, which is connected to a mixing agitator via a powder conveying pump. The central control unit, grouting pump body, control switch, first booster pump, second booster pump and powder conveying pump are respectively connected to the central control unit. The first flow transmitter, second flow transmitter and third flow transmitter are respectively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the opening and closing of the control switch, first booster pump, second booster pump and powder conveying pump. The value ratio of some flow transmitters is determined according to the value of each flow transmitter.

[0007] As described above, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata inputs the rock mass fracture condition, water inflow rate, and properties of the injected medium to a central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the switches and opening degrees of the control switch, the first booster pump, the second booster pump, and the powder conveying pump according to the rock mass fracture condition, water inflow rate, and properties of the injected medium. The outlet of the water tank is connected to the outlet of the water-soluble additive storage tank via a first three-way mixer, which is connected to the central control unit.

[0008] As described above, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata includes a liquid delivery pipe connected between the first booster pump and the mixing agitator, a slurry delivery pipe connected between the second booster pump and the mixing agitator, the slurry delivery pipe and the liquid delivery pipe being connected to the mixing agitator via a second three-way mixer, and the second three-way mixer being connected to the central control unit.

[0009] As described above, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata includes a fourth flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter installed at the delivery pipe. The fourth flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter are respectively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the switching and opening degree of the control switch, the first booster pump, the second booster pump, and the powder delivery pump according to the data transmitted by the pressure transmitter.

[0010] As described above, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata includes a water-soluble additive storage tank containing triethanolamine and a water tank containing water. Triethanolamine improves dispersibility by adsorbing onto the surface of granular materials such as cement, and also helps to improve the density and strength of the grout.

[0011] As described above, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata is provided, wherein the permeable grout storage tank stores an aqueous solution comprising 20wt%~50wt% magnesium acrylate, 0~1.5wt% calcium acrylate, 0~20wt% sodium acrylate, 1wt%~5wt% crosslinking agent, and 0.1wt%~1wt% ammonium persulfate. The crosslinking agent is one or more of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, polyethylene glycol diallyl ether, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether diacrylate.

[0012] Secondly, the present invention also provides a grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, employing the aforementioned grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprising the following components: Based on the general reinforcement and anti-seepage treatment requirements, the grout discharge method is as follows: the central control unit closes the control switch and the second booster pump, and controls the opening of the powder conveying pump and the first booster pump, so that the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixer is controlled at 0.8~1.5. The grouting slurry that has been mixed in the mixer enters the grouting pump body, and the grouting pump body performs grouting through the delivery pipe. If there is an early strength requirement, the control switch is turned on and the opening degree of the control switch is controlled so that the value of the first flow transmitter is 0.01% to 0.5% of the value of the second flow transmitter. The water-soluble additive is adsorbed on the surface of the granular grout, which improves the density and strength of the grout and forms the first type of grouting method.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also provides a grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, employing the aforementioned grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprising the following components: Based on the requirement for reinforcing and resisting seepage in dense and weak injected media, the grouting method is as follows: the powder conveying pump is turned off, the control switch, the first booster pump, and the second booster pump are turned on and the opening degree is controlled so that the value of the first flow transmitter accounts for 0.1% to 2% of the value of the second flow transmitter, and the ratio of the value of the third flow transmitter to the value of the second flow transmitter is 1 to 2:1. The viscosity of the grout is 5 to 20 centipoise, it does not contain solid particles, and it is a water-based material that is easy to penetrate and diffuse in the formation, forming the second type of grouting method.

[0014] In addition, the present invention also provides a grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, employing the aforementioned grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprising the following components: Based on the water-blocking requirements, the slurry discharge method is as follows: The central control unit opens and adjusts the control switch, the opening of the first booster pump, the second booster pump, and the powder conveying pump, so that the value of the first flow transmitter accounts for 0.01% to 1% of the value of the second flow transmitter, and the value of the third flow transmitter accounts for 0.4% to 2% of the value of the second flow transmitter. The pumping rate of the powder conveying pump and the pumping rate of the first booster pump are controlled so that the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixing mixer is controlled at 0.6 to 1. Grouting is performed through the grouting slurry produced by the mixing mixer, which effectively improves the resistance to water erosion and forms the third type of grouting method.

[0015] Finally, the present invention also provides a construction method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprising the following: By combining advanced geological forecasting and laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical parameters of the injected medium are determined, and the occurrence conditions of adverse geological bodies are identified. Determine the grouting location; When the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is less than or equal to 0.1 L / (s·m), and there are no channels or fractures in the formation, and the mass ratio of particles with a diameter less than 1 mm in the injected medium is greater than 50%, the second type of grouting method is used to grout the section to be grouted. When the mass ratio of particles with a diameter less than 1 mm in the injected medium is less than 50% or the width of the formation fracture is greater than 0.5 mm, the first type of grouting method is used to grout the section to be grouted. When the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is greater than 0.1 L / (s·m) but less than or equal to 1.0 L / (s·m), the first type of grouting method is used, and the opening of the control switch is adjusted according to the water inflow rate; the higher the water inflow rate, the larger the opening. When the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is greater than 1.0 L / (s·m), the third type of grouting method is used. If the grouting pressure is difficult to rise during the grouting process using the first type of grouting method (the grouting pressure fluctuates within the range of 1 MPa for 1 hour), then switch to the third type of grouting method; if the pressure rises quickly (the grouting pressure increases by 1 times or more within 10 minutes), then switch to the second type of grouting method, and continue to monitor the grouting process.

[0016] If a large-scale cross-contamination of grout occurs when the second type of grouting method is used during the grouting process, the process should be switched to the first type of grouting method, and the grouting process should continue to be monitored. If the grout produced by the third type of grouting method during the grouting process exhibits rapid pressure rise (the grouting pressure increases by 1 times or more within 10 minutes), the grouting method should be switched to the first type of grouting method. When grouting is finally performed using the first type of grouting method or the third type of grouting method, it is recommended to terminate grouting when the pressure is 5MPa~6MPa, or terminate grouting when the pressure is 1MPa~2MPa higher than the ground stress if fracturing grouting is used; when grouting is finally performed using the second type of grouting method, it is recommended to terminate grouting when the pressure is 4MPa~5MPa. The grouting process is now complete.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1) The grouting device in this invention is equipped with three lines, which respectively transport granular grout, water-soluble auxiliary material and permeable grout. Each line is equipped with a booster pump, and one set is equipped with a control switch. The central control unit adjusts the switch, the opening degree of the first booster pump, the second booster pump and the powder conveying pump according to the rock mass fracture condition, the amount of water inflow and the particle size of the injected medium (referring to the expected grouting slurry). The value ratio of some flow transmitters is determined according to the values ​​of each flow transmitter. In this way, the whole can meet different field requirements such as reinforcement, water plugging and seepage prevention treatment. The field can realize the rapid switching of multiple different grouting methods, effectively improve grouting efficiency and control grouting cost.

[0018] 2) In this invention, a fourth flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter are installed at the delivery pipe. The central control unit adjusts the grouting pump body according to the feedback from the fourth flow transmitter. The central control unit adjusts the switch and opening degree of the control switch, the first booster pump, the second booster pump and the powder delivery pump according to the data transmitted by the pressure transmitter. This facilitates the adjustment of the grout discharge mode of the device during the grouting process and controls when to stop grouting.

[0019] 3) The penetrating grout in this invention comprises a mixed aqueous solution of 30wt%~50wt% magnesium acrylate, 0~1.5wt% calcium acrylate, 0~30wt% sodium acrylate, 1wt%~5wt% crosslinking agent, and 0.1wt%~1wt% ammonium persulfate. The total mass percentage of the above four components does not exceed 50wt%. The reasonable setting of each component effectively improves the permeability of the grout and is conducive to improving the resistance of the grout to water erosion.

[0020] 4) The central control unit of this invention forms three types of grout discharge methods according to actual needs. The first type meets the requirements of ordinary reinforcement and seepage prevention and early strength reinforcement. The second type is a grout discharge method for reinforcement and seepage prevention of dense and weak injected media. It can control some booster pumps so that the numerical ratio of some flow transmitters meets the requirements. The third type is a grout discharge method based on water plugging requirements. It can control some booster pumps so that the numerical ratio of some flow transmitters meets the requirements. This makes the grouting slurry significantly improve the water flow erosion resistance compared with ordinary cement-based materials.

[0021] 5) The construction method provided by this invention addresses the treatment needs of water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata in tunnels and underground engineering. A central control unit, through the control of multiple booster pumps and solenoid valves, can rapidly and stably achieve efficient conversion between low-viscosity grouting materials, granular grouting materials, and materials with dynamic water dispersion resistance and short initial setting time, based on the complex working conditions encountered in the borehole, such as weak strata, hard strata, and water-conducting channels. This effectively solves the problem of existing processes being unable to switch between different grout compositions in a timely manner, avoiding poor treatment effects, construction delays, and material waste. It significantly improves the applicability to different strata and the efficiency of grout conversion. While achieving effective reinforcement, water plugging, and seepage prevention in water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, it also achieves good cost control, meeting the urgent needs of engineering projects. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a grouting device for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a construction method applicable to water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0025] The diagram exaggerates the spacing or dimensions between parts to show their positions; the diagram is for illustrative purposes only.

[0026] Among them: 101. Water tank, 102. Water-soluble additive storage tank, 103. Solenoid valve, 104. First flow transmitter, 105. First three-way mixer, 106. First booster pump, 107. First liquid delivery pipe, 108. Second flow transmitter, 109. Second liquid delivery pipe, 110. Check valve, 111. Second three-way mixer; 201. Permeate slurry storage tank; 202. Slurry delivery pipe; 203. Second booster pump; 204. First slurry delivery pipe; 205. Third flow transmitter; 206. Second slurry delivery pipe; 207. Check valve; 301. Granular slurry storage tank; 302. First powder conveying pipeline; 303. Powder conveying pump; 304. Second powder conveying pipeline; 305. Check valve; 306. Third powder conveying pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0027] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this invention have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0028] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, unless otherwise expressly indicated by the invention, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof. As introduced in the background section, existing grouting devices have limited functionality and cannot switch the produced grouting slurry in a timely manner according to actual working conditions. In order to solve the above technical problems, this invention proposes a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft and hard alternating fractured strata.

[0029] Example 1 In a typical embodiment of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 As shown, a grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata includes: The mixing pumping unit includes a mixing agitator 4, which is connected to the grouting pump body, and the grouting pump body is connected to the delivery pipe. A water-soluble auxiliary material batching and conveying unit includes a water tank 101 and a water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank 102. The water tank 101 and the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank 102 are respectively connected to a first booster pump 106. A control switch and a first flow transmitter 104 are provided between the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank 102 and the first booster pump 106. The first booster pump 106 is connected to a mixing agitator 4. A second flow transmitter 108 is provided at the connection pipeline between the first booster pump 106 and the mixing agitator 4. The permeation slurry conveying unit includes a permeation slurry storage tank 201, which is connected to a mixing agitator 4 via a second booster pump 203. A third flow transmitter 205 is provided between the second booster pump 203 and the mixing agitator 4. The granular slurry conveying unit includes a granular slurry storage tank 301, which is connected to a mixing agitator 4 via a powder conveying pump 303. The central control unit, grouting pump body, control switch, first booster pump 106, second booster pump 203 and powder conveying pump 303 are respectively connected to the central control unit. The first flow transmitter 104, second flow transmitter 108 and third flow transmitter 205 are respectively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the switch, the opening degree of the first booster pump 106, the second booster pump 203 and the powder conveying pump 303 according to the rock mass fracture condition, water inflow, and the properties of the injected medium (referring to the expected grouting slurry) (particle size of the injected medium). The central control unit determines the value ratio of some flow transmitters according to the values ​​of each flow transmitter.

[0030] In this embodiment, the water-soluble auxiliary material dispensing and conveying unit includes a water tank 101, a water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank 102, a control switch (selection solenoid valve 103), a first flow transmitter 104, a first three-way mixer 105, a first booster pump 106, a first liquid delivery pipe 107, a second flow transmitter 108, a second liquid delivery pipe 109, a first check valve 110, and a second three-way mixer 111. The water tank 101, the first three-way mixer 105, the first... The booster pump 106, the first liquid delivery pipe 107, the second flow transmitter 108, the second liquid delivery pipe 109, the first check valve 110, and the second three-way mixer 111 are connected in sequence. The water-soluble additive storage tank 102, the solenoid valve 103, the first flow transmitter 104, and the first three-way mixer 105 are connected in sequence. The water-soluble additive enters the first booster pump 106 through the first three-way mixer 105 after passing through the solenoid valve 103 and the first flow transmitter 104.

[0031] In some examples, the water-soluble additive storage tank 102 adopts a funnel-shaped structure to facilitate the downward flow of the water-soluble additive.

[0032] In addition, the permeate slurry conveying unit includes a permeate slurry storage tank 201, a slurry conveying pipe 202, a second booster pump 203, a first slurry conveying pipe 204, a third flow transmitter 205, a second slurry conveying pipe 206, and a second check valve 207. The above parts are connected in sequence, and the second check valve 207 is connected to the second three-way mixer 111. In this embodiment, the granular slurry conveying unit includes a granular slurry storage tank 301, a first powder conveying pipe 302, a powder conveying pump 303, a second powder conveying pipe 304, a third check valve 305, and a third powder conveying pipe 306. These parts are connected in sequence. The powder conveying pump 303 is connected to the first powder conveying pipe 302 and the second powder conveying pipe 304, and the third check valve 305 is connected to the second powder conveying pipe 304 and the second powder conveying pipe 306. The granular slurry storage tank 301 adopts a conical structure to facilitate the downward flow of granular slurry material.

[0033] The mixing and pumping unit includes a mixing agitator 4, a first conveying pipe 5, a grouting pump body (selected as a high-pressure screw pump 6), a second conveying pipe 7, a fourth flow transmitter 8, a pressure transmitter 9, and a conveying pipe 10. The mixing agitator 4 is not limited to being a single-stage or multi-stage agitator. The input end of the mixing agitator 4 is connected to the third powder conveying pipe 306 and the second three-way mixer 111, respectively, and the output end is connected to the first conveying pipe 5. The input end of the high-pressure screw pump 6 is connected to the first conveying pipe 5 in the conveying pipe, and the output end of the high-pressure screw pump 6 is connected to the second conveying pipe 7 in the conveying pipe. The second conveying pipe 7 is connected to the third conveying pipe 10 through the fourth flow transmitter 8. The pressure transmitter 9 and the third conveying pipe 10 are installed at the third conveying pipe.

[0034] In this embodiment, the mixing mixer 4 is an existing mixing mixer used for mixing cement.

[0035] It should be noted that the central control unit includes an intelligent control platform 11, signal input lines in1, in2, in3, in4, and in5, and signal output lines out1, out2, out3, out4, and out5. All signal input and output lines are connected to the intelligent control platform 11, which is a computer. The intelligent control platform is connected to the first flow transmitter 104, the second flow transmitter 108, the third flow transmitter 205, the fourth flow transmitter 8, and the pressure transmitter 9 via signal input lines. The intelligent control platform is connected to the solenoid valve 103, the powder conveying pump 303, the first booster pump 106, the second booster pump 203, and the high-pressure screw pump 6 via signal output lines.

[0036] In other words, the intelligent control platform 11 can acquire data from the second flow transmitter 108, the third flow transmitter 205, the fourth flow transmitter 8, and the pressure transmitter 9 in real time through the signal input line, control the opening and closing of the solenoid valve 103 and its opening degree in real time through the signal output line, control the opening and closing of the powder conveying pump 303, the first booster pump 106, and the second booster pump 203 and their pumping rates in real time through the signal output line, and control the opening and closing of the high-pressure screw pump 6 and its pumping power in real time through the signal output line.

[0037] In the granular slurry conveying unit, the granular slurry storage tank 101 stores granular slurry, including granular materials such as cement, fly ash, carbide slag, and nano silica; the powder conveying pump 103 can control the pumping rate.

[0038] In the water-soluble auxiliary material batching and conveying unit, water tank 101 is used to store water, water-soluble auxiliary material storage tank 102 is used to store triethanolamine, solenoid valve 103 can achieve different opening degrees within the range of 0~100%, and first booster pump 106 can control the pumping rate.

[0039] In the permeate slurry conveying unit, the permeate slurry storage tank 201 is used to store an aqueous solution containing 20wt%~50wt% magnesium acrylate, 0~1.5wt% calcium acrylate, 0~20wt% sodium acrylate, 1wt%~5wt% crosslinking agent, and 0.1wt%~1wt% ammonium persulfate. The total mass percentage of the above five components is less than or equal to 50wt%. The crosslinking agent is one or more of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, polyethylene glycol diallyl ether, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether diacrylate.

[0040] In the mixed pumping unit, the high-pressure screw pump 6 can achieve variable pressure grouting control from 0 to 20 MPa. The first delivery pipe 7 and the second delivery pipe 10 are high-pressure resistant pipelines. The grout is finally delivered to the injected medium through the second delivery pipe 10.

[0041] Example 2 This embodiment provides a grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, employing a grouting device for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata as described in Embodiment 1, including the following: Preferably, the grouting device has three types of grout discharge modes according to the grouting requirements: Type 1: Based on the general reinforcement and anti-seepage treatment requirements, the slurry discharge method is as follows: close the solenoid valve 103 and the second booster pump 203, and control the opening of the powder conveying pump 303 and the first booster pump 106 so that the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixing mixer 4 is controlled to be 0.8~1.5.

[0042] If early strength is required, based on the above, open solenoid valve 103 and control its opening degree so that the value of the first flow transmitter 104 is 0.01% to 0.5% of the value of the second flow transmitter 108, that is, the flow rate at the second flow transmitter is much greater than the flow rate at the first flow transmitter. During grouting, the setting time can be controlled by adjusting the opening degree of solenoid valve 103 (corresponding to the value of the first flow transmitter 104). The larger the opening degree, the earlier the strength. The triethanolamine component improves dispersibility by adsorbing onto the surface of granular materials such as cement, and its amine and hydroxyl groups can react with calcium ions (Ca²⁺) released during cement hydration. + Aluminum ions Al³ + Iron ions Fe³ + It forms stable complexes, regulates the crystallization process of hydration products, and improves the density and strength of the grout.

[0043] The second type: Based on the requirement for reinforcement and seepage resistance of dense and weak injected media, the grout discharge method is as follows: The powder delivery pump 303 is shut down, and the solenoid valve 103, the first booster pump 106, and the second booster pump 203 are opened and their opening degrees controlled. This ensures that the value of the first flow transmitter 104 is 0.1% to 2% of the value of the second flow transmitter 108, and the ratio of the value of the third flow transmitter 205 to the value of the second flow transmitter 108 is 1 to 2:1, maximizing the value at the third flow transmitter. During grouting, the gelation rate can be controlled by the opening degree of the solenoid valve 103 (corresponding to the value of the first flow transmitter 104); a larger opening degree results in a faster gelation rate. Furthermore, the seepage resistance and reinforcement effect can be controlled by adjusting the ratio of the values ​​of the third flow transmitter 205 and the second flow transmitter 108; a smaller ratio results in a stronger reinforcement and seepage resistance effect. The slurry in the mixer 4 has a viscosity of 5~30 cP and is a water-based material with good wettability, which can effectively penetrate and diffuse in formations with small particle size, high density, and poor injectability. In the mixed grouting material, triethanolamine and ammonium persulfate are mixed to generate free radicals, which attack the double bonds of acrylate monomers (magnesium acrylate, calcium acrylate, sodium acrylate). After chain formation, they gradually combine with crosslinking agents to form a multi-network structure, which can effectively solidify the injected particle medium.

[0044] The third type: Based on the water-blocking requirement, the slurry discharge method is as follows: control the opening of solenoid valve 103, first booster pump 106, second booster pump 203, and powder conveying pump 103 so that the value of the first flow transmitter 104 accounts for 0.01% to 1% of the value of the second flow transmitter 108, and the value of the third flow transmitter 205 accounts for 0.4% to 2% of the value of the second flow transmitter 108, so that the value at the second flow transmitter is maximized, and control the pumping rate of powder conveying pump 103 and the pumping rate of the first booster pump 106. The mixing speed allows the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixer 4 to be controlled at 0.6~1. During grouting, the water-blocking and diffusion effects can be adjusted. The larger the valve opening of the solenoid valve 103 (corresponding to the value of the first flow transmitter 104), the stronger the water-blocking effect, while the diffusion distance will decrease. The grout produced by the mixer 4 significantly improves the resistance to water erosion compared to ordinary cement-based materials. The reasons include: ① Triethanolamine itself can accelerate the hydration of cement-based materials and reduce the initial setting time; ② Acrylates and Ca²⁺… + The ionic bonding of cement particles causes them to form flocs, reducing dispersion; the adsorption bridging effect of acrylate monomers (magnesium acrylate, calcium acrylate, sodium acrylate) polymerizes to form gels, further enhancing the bonding force between particles and interweaving with cement hydration products to form an interpenetrating network structure, improving the grouting material's resistance to water erosion.

[0045] Example 3 This embodiment provides a construction method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, referencing... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: 1) By combining advanced geological forecasting and indoor tests, the physical and mechanical parameters of the injected medium are determined, and the occurrence conditions of adverse geological bodies are identified, such as the type of injected medium and the inflow rate.

[0046] 2) Determine the grouting location, design the distribution, location, angle, and drilling length of the grouting holes, and drill the grouting holes to the designated location.

[0047] 3) Grout the section to be grouted, and set the initial grout discharge method according to the injected medium: ① When the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is less than or equal to 0.1 L / (s·m), when there are no channels or fractures in the formation, and when the mass ratio of particles with a diameter of less than 1 mm in the injected medium is greater than 50%, the second type of grouting method shall be adopted to grout the section to be grouted; when the mass ratio of particles with a diameter of less than 1 mm in the injected medium is less than 50% or the width of the formation fracture is greater than 0.5 mm, the first type of grouting method shall be adopted. ② When the rock mass is fractured and the unit water inflow of the rock mass borehole is greater than 0.1L / (s·m) (unit of water inflow) and less than or equal to 1.0L / (s·m), the first type of slurry discharge method shall be adopted, and the opening of the solenoid valve 103 shall be adjusted according to the water inflow. The higher the water flow, the larger the opening. ③ When the unit water inflow rate of the rock mass borehole is greater than 1.0 L / (s·m), the grouting method of the third type of grouting method shall be adopted.

[0048] During the grouting process, the changes in grout will be determined by the grouting pressure and the conditions at the grouting site.

[0049] 4) During the grouting process, monitor the signals of the flow transmitter 8 and pressure transmitter 9 in the intelligent control platform 11 in real time, and control the pumping process by setting the program or manually controlling it.

[0050] If the first type of grouting method is used during the grouting process, and the grouting pressure is difficult to raise (the grouting pressure is maintained below 1MPa for 1 hour), it indicates that the pressure drops sharply, meaning that the grout flows into a large crack and the diffusion range is difficult to control. In this case, the third type of grouting method is used. In the grouting pipe, the second type of grout mixes with the first type of grout, and the polymer component in the third type of grout penetrates into the gaps between cement particles, further encapsulating the cement and reducing the loss of cement aggregate. This ensures the grouting effect while controlling costs. If the pressure increases rapidly (the grouting pressure doubles or more within 10 minutes), it indicates that the pores in the dense stratum have been effectively filled. The process then switches to the second type of grouting method. After mixing with the first type of grout, a small amount of viscous grout containing polymers is generated. This grout mainly flows towards weak fracture areas, effectively reinforcing and strengthening dense, weak strata that are difficult to reinforce with cement after plugging large fractures. The active groups (such as hydroxyl groups) in the cement grout gradually react with the acrylate polymers to form cement-based grout blocks with strong impermeability and high cohesion, acting as a "stopper" to prevent the previously injected cement-based material from being dispersed by subsequent low-viscosity grout, ensuring the continuous cement hydration process. Simultaneously, the low-viscosity grout continues to diffuse into the more permeable dense surrounding rock areas, further enhancing the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock mass.

[0051] If the second type of grouting method is used during grouting, and large-scale cross-contamination occurs (2-3 or more cross-contamination points appear on the working face; cross-contamination refers to the unexpected diffusion of grout into other grouting holes or boreholes during grouting, caused by factors such as the development of geological structural fissures and improper grouting pressure control), the pressure will suddenly drop, indicating that the grout has entered unknown fissures, easily leading to grout waste. Switching to the first type of grout is necessary. During the switching process, the two grouts mix in the grouting pipe. The acrylate gel can quickly form a spatial network structure, encapsulating cement particles and enhancing the overall cohesion and resistance to water erosion of the grout, thereby effectively sealing the fissures. This process not only promptly prevents further grout loss but also creates conditions for the full hydration and final strength development of the subsequent first type of grout, avoiding grout waste, sealing connecting fissures, and effectively improving the grout's anti-seepage reinforcement effect. If the third type of grouting method is used during the grouting process and the pressure rises rapidly (the grouting pressure increases by 1 times or more within 10 minutes), it indicates that the cracks have been completely sealed and the grout diffusion distance is short, and the permeability of the surrounding rock is poor. In this case, the first type of grouting method should be switched to avoid the reinforcement range being too small to meet the reinforcement effect, and the surrounding rock should be reinforced.

[0052] 5) When the first and third type grouting materials are used for the final grouting, it is recommended to terminate the grouting at a pressure of 5MPa~6MPa. When the splitting grouting is used, the termination pressure should be determined according to the magnitude of the ground stress (it is recommended to be 1MPa~2MPa higher than the ground stress). When the second type high permeability grouting material is used for the final grouting, it is recommended to terminate the grouting at a pressure of about 4MPa.

[0053] 6) After the grouting of this section is completed, re-drill and grout the next section, returning to step 3), until the grouting of each section of the grouting hole is completed.

[0054] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, characterized in that, include: The mixing and pumping unit includes a mixing agitator connected to the grouting pump body, which is connected to the delivery pipe. A water-soluble auxiliary material batching and conveying unit includes a water tank and a water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank. The water tank and the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank are respectively connected to a first booster pump. A control switch and a first flow transmitter are installed between the water-soluble auxiliary agent storage tank and the first booster pump. The first booster pump is connected to a mixing agitator. A second flow transmitter is installed at the connection pipeline between the first booster pump and the mixing agitator. The permeable slurry conveying unit includes a permeable slurry storage tank, which is connected to a mixing agitator via a second booster pump, and a third flow transmitter is installed between the second booster pump and the mixing agitator. The granular slurry conveying unit includes a granular slurry storage tank, which is connected to a mixing agitator via a powder conveying pump. The central control unit, grouting pump body, control switch, first booster pump, second booster pump and powder conveying pump are respectively connected to the central control unit. The first flow transmitter, second flow transmitter and third flow transmitter are respectively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the on / off state and opening degree of the control switch, first booster pump, second booster pump and powder conveying pump. The value ratio of some flow transmitters is determined according to the value of each flow transmitter.

2. The grouting device for water-rich, alternating soft and hard fractured strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rock mass fracturing condition, water inflow volume, and properties of the injected medium are input to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the switches and opening degrees of the control switch, the first booster pump, the second booster pump, and the powder conveying pump according to the rock mass fracturing condition, water inflow volume, and properties of the injected medium. The outlet of the water tank is connected to the outlet of the water-soluble additive storage tank via a first three-way mixer, which is connected to the central control unit.

3. A grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, A liquid delivery pipe is connected between the first booster pump and the mixing agitator, and a slurry delivery pipe is connected between the second booster pump and the mixing agitator. The slurry delivery pipe and the liquid delivery pipe are connected to the mixing agitator through a second three-way mixer, which is connected to the central control unit.

4. A grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, A fourth flow transmitter and a pressure transmitter are installed at the conveying pipe. The fourth flow transmitter and the pressure transmitter are respectively connected to the central control unit. The central control unit adjusts the switch, the first booster pump, the second booster pump and the powder conveying pump and their opening degree according to the data transmitted by the pressure transmitter.

5. A grouting device suitable for water-rich, alternating soft and hard fractured strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water-soluble additive storage tank stores triethanolamine, and the water tank stores water.

6. A grouting device suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank for the permeable slurry contains an aqueous solution comprising 20wt%~50wt% magnesium acrylate, 0~1.5wt% calcium acrylate, 0~20wt% sodium acrylate, 1wt%~5wt% crosslinking agent, and 0.1wt%~1wt% ammonium persulfate. The crosslinking agent is one or more of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, divinylbenzene, polyethylene glycol diallyl ether, polyethylene glycol diacrylate, or polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether diacrylate.

7. A grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, characterized in that, The grouting device according to any one of claims 1-6, suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprises the following: Based on the general reinforcement and anti-seepage treatment requirements, the grout discharge method is as follows: the central control unit closes the control switch and the second booster pump, and controls the opening of the powder conveying pump and the first booster pump, so that the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixer is controlled at 0.8~1.

5. The grouting slurry that has been mixed in the mixer enters the grouting pump body, and the grouting pump body performs grouting through the delivery pipe. If there is an early strength requirement, on the basis of the above, turn on the control switch and control the opening degree of the control switch so that the value of the first flow transmitter accounts for 0.01% to 0.5% of the value of the second flow transmitter. Through the adsorption of water-soluble additives on the surface of granular grout, the density and strength of the grouting slurry are improved.

8. A grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, characterized in that, The grouting device according to any one of claims 1-6, suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprises the following: Based on the requirement for reinforcing and impermeable dense and weak injected media, the slurry discharge method is as follows: turn off the powder conveying pump, turn on the control switch, the first booster pump, and the second booster pump and control the opening degree so that the value of the first flow transmitter accounts for 0.1% to 2% of the value of the second flow transmitter, and the ratio of the value of the third flow transmitter to the value of the second flow transmitter is 1 to 2:1, so that the viscosity of the slurry in the mixing agitator is 5 to 30 cP, and it is a water-based material that is easy to penetrate and diffuse in the formation.

9. A grouting method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, characterized in that, The grouting device according to any one of claims 1-6, suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, comprises the following: Based on the water-blocking requirements, the slurry discharge method is as follows: the central control unit opens and adjusts the control switch, the opening of the first booster pump, the second booster pump, and the powder conveying pump, so that the value of the first flow transmitter accounts for 0.01%~1% of the value of the second flow transmitter, and the value of the third flow transmitter accounts for 0.4%~2% of the value of the second flow transmitter. The pumping rate of the powder conveying pump and the pumping rate of the first booster pump are controlled so that the water-cement ratio of the composite material in the mixing mixer is controlled at 0.6~1. Grouting is performed through the grouting slurry produced by the mixing mixer, which effectively improves the resistance to water erosion.

10. A construction method suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, characterized in that, Includes the following: By combining advanced geological forecasting and laboratory tests, the physical and mechanical parameters of the injected medium are determined, and the occurrence conditions of adverse geological bodies are identified. Determine the grouting location; When the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is less than or equal to 0.1 L / (s·m), and there are no channels or fractures in the formation, and the mass ratio of particles with a diameter less than 1 mm in the injected medium is greater than 50%, the grouting method of claim 8 suitable for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured formations is used; when the mass ratio of particles with a diameter less than 1 mm in the injected medium is less than 50% or the width of the formation fracture is greater than 0.5 mm, the grouting method of claim 7 suitable for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured formations is used to grout the section to be grouted; when the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is greater than 0.1 L / (s·m) and less than or equal to 1.0 L / (s·m), the grouting method of claim 7 suitable for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured formations is used, and the opening degree of the control switch is adjusted according to the water inflow rate, with a larger opening degree for higher water inflow rates; when the unit water inflow rate of the rock borehole is greater than 1.0 L / (s·m), the grouting method of claim 9 suitable for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured formations is used. If the grouting method described in claim 7, which is suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, is used during the grouting process, and the grouting pressure is difficult to build up, then the method described in claim 9, which is suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, is used; if the pressure builds up quickly, then the method described in claim 8, which is suitable for water-rich, soft-hard alternating fractured strata, is used. If the grouting method described in claim 8, which is suitable for water-rich soft and hard alternating fractured strata, is used during the grouting process, and large-scale cross-grouting occurs, it shall be converted to the grouting method described in claim 7, which is suitable for water-rich soft and hard alternating fractured strata. If the grouting method described in claim 9, which is suitable for water-rich soft and hard alternating fractured strata, is used during the grouting process and the pressure rises quickly, the method described in claim 7, which is suitable for water-rich soft and hard alternating fractured strata, shall be switched to the grouting method described in claim 7. When grouting is finally performed using the grouting method described in claim 7 for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured strata and the grouting method described in claim 9 for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured strata, it is recommended to terminate grouting when the pressure is 5MPa~6MPa; when grouting is finally performed using the grouting method described in claim 8 for water-rich soft-hard alternating fractured strata, it is recommended to terminate grouting when the pressure is 4~5 MPa. After grouting is completed, drilling is repeated, and grouting is carried out on the next section.

Images