Large chemical looping combustion device
By employing a multi-loop system and a compact arrangement of reactor modules, the uniformity and safety issues of fuel reactors in large-scale chemical looping combustion devices have been resolved, resulting in a highly efficient and compact combustion device design.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
In large-scale chemical looping combustion devices, the fuel reactor has poor uniformity, occupies a large area, and the increased depth makes it difficult for the cooling air distribution plate to withstand pressure, posing safety issues.
By employing a parallel combination of multiple circulation loops and reactor modules, and symmetrically arranging the air reactor, air cyclone separator, fuel reactor, and fuel cyclone separator, a compact triangular layout is formed, which limits the length-to-width ratio and depth of the reactor, ensuring that the air distribution plate can withstand the load of the high-density bed material.
It improves the uniformity within the fuel reactor, reduces the footprint, ensures structural safety, and enhances reaction efficiency and operational stability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121854847A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical looping combustion devices, and in particular to a large-scale chemical looping combustion device. Background Technology
[0002] Chemical looping combustion technology utilizes solid particles synthesized from materials such as metal oxides as an oxygen carrier (OC), which circulates between an air reactor (AR) and a fuel reactor (FR). The oxygen carrier transfers oxygen from the air to the fuel reactor, where it reacts with the fuel. Because the fuel does not need to come into contact with air during chemical looping combustion, the carbon dioxide produced is not diluted by other gases in the air, such as nitrogen. Therefore, there is no need to separate the carbon dioxide from other gases for capture, enabling low-cost and low-energy capture of the carbon dioxide produced in the reaction.
[0003] Due to the technical characteristics of chemical looping combustion, the cross-sectional area of existing fuel reactors is generally more than three times that of air reactors. When the capacity of chemical looping reaches a large scale of 350MW (electric power) or above, the width of the fuel reactor increases dramatically, and the combined gas velocity is low, resulting in poor fluidization uniformity, which is detrimental to the reaction within the fuel reactor. At the same time, the increased depth makes it difficult for the cooling air distribution plate to withstand pressure, posing safety issues. Therefore, the issues of uniformity and dimensional arrangement within the fuel reactor need to be addressed in large-scale chemical looping combustion devices. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a large-scale chemical looping combustion device that can improve the uniformity within the fuel reactor while having a compact layout and reducing the floor space required.
[0005] This invention is achieved through the following scheme: A large-scale chemical looping combustion device, comprising: An air reactor; at least two circulation loops, each circulation loop comprising, in sequence, an air reactor, an air cyclone separator, a return feeder A, a fuel reactor, a return feeder B, and a return connection to the air reactor; each pair of circulation loops is symmetrically arranged relative to the air reactor; wherein, an air reactor is connected to the air cyclone separator in each circulation loop via a duct; the outlet of each air cyclone separator is connected to an air outlet flue, which merges and connects to an air tail flue; a fuel reactor is connected to a fuel cyclone separator via a duct, the outlet of the fuel cyclone separator is connected to a fuel outlet flue, which merges and connects to a fuel tail flue.
[0006] Furthermore, the arrangement of the air reactor, air cyclone separator, and fuel reactor in the circulation loop forms a triangle; the arrangement of the air cyclone separator, fuel reactor, and fuel cyclone separator also forms a triangle.
[0007] Furthermore, multiple fuel outlet flues (10) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the fuel tail flue; multiple air outlet flues are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air tail flue; the air tail flue is located between the air cyclone separator and the fuel tail flue, and the fuel tail flue and the fuel outlet flue surround the air tail flue.
[0008] Furthermore, the air reactor is connected to the first air cyclone separator; the first air cyclone separator is connected to the first fuel reactor via the first return feeder A; the first fuel reactor is connected to the air reactor via the first return feeder B, forming the first circulation loop. Furthermore, the air reactor is connected to the second air cyclone separator; the second air cyclone separator is connected to the second fuel reactor via the second return feeder A; the second fuel reactor is connected to the air reactor via the second return feeder B, forming a second circulation loop. The first and second circulation loops are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air reactor.
[0009] Furthermore, it also includes a shared air tail flue; the exhaust gas from the outlet of the first air cyclone separator enters the air tail flue through the first air outlet flue and merges therewith; the exhaust gas from the outlet of the second air cyclone separator enters the air tail flue through the second air outlet flue and merges therewith.
[0010] It also includes a common fuel tail flue; the first fuel reactor is connected to the first fuel cyclone separator, and the flue gas from the outlet of the first fuel cyclone separator enters the fuel tail flue through the first fuel outlet flue and merges; the second fuel reactor is connected to the second fuel cyclone separator, and the flue gas from the outlet of the second fuel cyclone separator enters the fuel tail flue through the second fuel outlet flue and merges.
[0011] Furthermore, it also includes a third and a fourth circulation loop, which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the first and second circulation loops and have the same connection relationship as the air reactor.
[0012] Furthermore, the first, second, third, and fourth circulation loops are arranged symmetrically around the air reactor.
[0013] Furthermore, the first, second, third, and fourth circulation loops are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around the air reactor.
[0014] Furthermore, it includes N circulation loops, where N≥2. The N circulation loops are connected in the same way as the first and second circulation loops and are arranged circumferentially around an air reactor.
[0015] Furthermore, the width and depth of the air reactor are a and b, respectively, where a≤20m and b≤10m, and the width-to-depth ratio a:b is between 1 and 5; the width and depth of the fuel reactor are c and d, respectively, where c≤30m and d≤10m, and the width-to-depth ratio c:d is between 1 and 10.
[0016] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. Traditional single large reactors often occupy a large area and have a loose layout; this invention uses multiple reactor modules with optimized size and coordinated proportions to be combined in parallel, resulting in a compact layout and reduced footprint.
[0017] 2. By limiting the length-to-width ratio and depth of the reactor, the air distribution plate can withstand the load of the high-density bed material, ensuring structural safety, improving the uniformity of the fuel reactor in the large-scale chemical loop combustion device, and improving reaction efficiency and operational stability. Attached Figure Description
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the dimensions of the air reactor and fuel reactor of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first and second loop structures of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the axisymmetric arrangement of the circulating loop of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the symmetrical arrangement of the cyclic loop of the present invention; Figure label: 1-Air reactor; 2-Air cyclone separator; 3-Return feeder A; 4-Fuel reactor; 5-Return feeder B; 6-Air duct; 7-Air outlet flue; 8-Air tail flue; 9-Fuel cyclone separator; 10-Fuel outlet flue; 11-Fuel tail flue; 100 - First circulation loop; 102 - First air cyclone separator; 103 - First return feeder A; 104 - First fuel reactor; 105 - First return feeder B; 107 - First air outlet flue; 109 - First fuel cyclone separator; 110 - First fuel outlet flue; 200 - Second circulation loop; 202 - Second air cyclone separator; 203 - Second return feeder A; 204 - Second fuel reactor; 205 - Second return feeder B; 207 - Second air outlet flue; 209 - Second fuel cyclone separator; 210 - Second fuel outlet flue; 300 - Third loop; 400 - Fourth loop. Detailed Implementation
[0019] All features disclosed in this specification, or all steps in all disclosed methods or processes, may be combined in any way, except for mutually exclusive features and / or steps.
[0020] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any appended claims and abstract) may be replaced by other equivalent or similar features, unless specifically stated otherwise. That is, unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature is merely one example of a series of equivalent or similar features.
[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.
[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1-4 The principles and implementation schemes of this patent will be further explained.
[0024] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, a large-scale chemical loop combustion device is provided, including an air reactor 1, an air cyclone separator 2, a return feeder A3, a fuel reactor 4 and a return feeder B5 connected in sequence, and the return feeder B5 is then connected to the air reactor 1. The above connections constitute a set of circulation loops for the chemical loop oxygen carrier.
[0025] The air reactor 1 is connected to the air cyclone separator 2 in the circulation loop through a duct 6; the outlet of the air cyclone separator 2 is connected to the air outlet flue 7, and the air outlet flue 7 is connected to the air tail flue 8; the fuel reactor 4 is connected to the fuel cyclone separator 9, the outlet of the fuel cyclone separator 9 is connected to the fuel outlet flue 10, and the fuel outlet flue 10 is connected to the fuel tail flue 11. The air reactor 1, air cyclone separator 2, and fuel reactor 4 are arranged in a triangle; the air cyclone separator 2, fuel reactor 4, and fuel cyclone separator 9 are also arranged in a triangle. Fuel cyclone separator 9 is located on the side of fuel reactor 4 furthest from air reactor 1, and air cyclone separator 2 is located on the side of air reactor 1 furthest from air reactor 1. This creates a compact layout with the air cyclone separator and fuel reactor in the middle, and the air reactor and fuel cyclone separator on both sides, saving floor space.
[0026] Example 2: The circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. This embodiment has two sets of circulation loops, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a large-scale chemical looping combustion device is provided, comprising an air reactor 1; two fuel reactors 4, namely a first fuel reactor 104 and a second fuel reactor 204; two air cyclone separators 2, namely a first air cyclone separator 102 and a second air cyclone separator 202; two return feeders A3, namely a first return feeder A103 and a second return feeder A203; two return feeders B5, namely a first return feeder B105 and a second return feeder B205; two fuel cyclone separators 9, namely a first fuel cyclone separator 109 and a second fuel cyclone separator 209; two fuel outlet flues 10, namely a first fuel outlet flue 110 and a second fuel outlet flue 210; two air outlet flues 7, namely a first air outlet flue 107 and a second air outlet flue 207; a fuel tail flue 11; and an air tail flue 8.
[0027] Air reactor 1 is connected to the first air cyclone separator 102; the first air cyclone separator 102 is connected to the first fuel reactor 104 via the first return feeder A103; the first fuel reactor 104 is connected to the air reactor 1 via the first return feeder B105, forming a first circulation loop 100; air reactor 1 is connected to the second air cyclone separator 202; the second air cyclone separator 202 is connected to the second fuel reactor 204 via the second return feeder A203; the second fuel reactor 204 is connected to the air reactor 1 via the second return feeder B205, forming a second circulation loop 200; The outlet of air reactor 1 is connected to two air cyclone separators 2. The oxygen carrier is oxidized in air reactor 1 and enters the two air cyclone separators 2 respectively. Each air cyclone separator 2 is connected to the corresponding return feeder A3 and fuel reactor 4 in sequence. The two fuel reactors 4 are connected to air reactor 1 through return feeder B5 respectively.
[0028] The flue gas from the outlet of the air cyclone separator 2 enters the air tail flue 8 through the air outlet flue 7 and merges therewith. The flue gas from the outlet of the fuel cyclone separator 9 enters the fuel tail flue 11 through the fuel outlet flue 10 and merges therewith. Multiple air outlet flues 7 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air tail flue 8, and multiple fuel outlet flues 10 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the fuel tail flue 11. The air tail flue 8 is located between the air cyclone separator 2 and the fuel tail flue 11. The fuel tail flue 11 and the fuel outlet flue 10 surround the air tail flue 8. The air reactor 1 is on the same axis as the air tail flue 8 and the fuel tail flue 11.
[0029] Example 3: like Figure 3 As shown, the circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier is basically the same as in Example 1. This example has four circulation loops. The third circulation loop 300 and the fourth circulation loop 400 are arranged and connected in the same way as the first circulation loop 100 and the second circulation loop 200 relative to the air reactor 1. The fuel reactor 4, air cyclone separator 2, return feeder A3, and return feeder B5 are arranged symmetrically about the air reactor 1. In the above example, the symmetrical arrangement has good uniformity and a simple arrangement method.
[0030] Example 3: As attached Figure 4 As shown, the circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier is basically the same as in Example 1. This example has four circulation loops. The third circulation loop 300 and the fourth circulation loop 400 are arranged and connected in the same way as the first circulation loop 100 and the second circulation loop 200 relative to the air reactor 1. The fuel reactor 4, air cyclone separator 2, return feeder A3, and return feeder B5 are arranged symmetrically about the center of the air reactor 1. In the above example, the uniformity of central symmetry is better than that of axisymmetry. Example 4: The circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier is basically the same as in Example 1. This example has multiple sets of circulation loops, each arranged circumferentially around the air reactor 1. The arrangement and connection relationships of the multiple sets of circulation loops relative to the air reactor 1 are the same as those of the first circulation loop 100 and the second circulation loop 200. Multiple sets of circulation loops preferentially share a single tail flue, but they can be staggered vertically and connected to the same side of the tail flue to reduce deviation. Alternatively, every two sets of circulation loops can share a single tail flue, simplifying the arrangement.
[0031] In the above embodiment, during normal operation of the chemical looping combustion device, the oxygen carrier is oxidized in the air reactor 1 and lifted to the top outlet, then enters the air cyclone separator 2. After gas-solid separation, the oxygen carrier enters the fuel reactor 4 via the return feeder A3. In the fuel reactor 4, the oxidized oxygen carrier reacts with the solid fuel, and after reduction, returns to the air reactor 1 via the return feeder B5. The flue gas from the outlet of the air cyclone separator 2 enters the air tail flue 8 via the air outlet flue 7; the flue gas from the outlet of the fuel cyclone separator 9 enters the fuel tail flue 11 via the fuel outlet flue 10. It should be noted that the reaction time and temperature of the solid fuel reacting with the oxidized oxygen carrier in the fuel reactor 2 are very critical. The uniformity of fluidization is one of the key factors to ensure the efficient chemical looping combustion reaction. Therefore, the structure is carefully considered, including the reactor shape, width and depth, width-to-depth ratio, and the uniformity of the air reactor outlet.
[0032] Example 5: The circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. The specific improvements are in the dimensions, including the reactor shape, width and depth, and width-to-depth ratio.
[0033] In existing technology, the cross-sectional area of air reactor 1 in a large-scale chemical looping reactor needs to be 100 m², and the cross-sectional area of fuel reactor 4 needs to be 400 m². The dimensions of a single air reactor 1 need to be 10 m × 10 m or other sizes, and the dimensions of a single fuel reactor 4 need to be 20 m × 20 m or 10 m × 40 m or other sizes. Air reactors typically employ high-velocity fluidized beds with gas velocities above 8 m / s, while fuel reactors use low-velocity bubbling or turbulent beds with gas velocities of only 1-3 m / s. Therefore, for fuel reactors, due to the lower gas flow rate required by the chemical looping process, a larger reactor width combined with low gas velocity leads to uneven internal fluidization, thus affecting the stability and efficiency of the chemical looping combustion reaction. Simultaneously, a larger reactor depth means that the air distribution plate needs to withstand a greater bed load.
[0034] The air reactor 1 and fuel reactor 4 of this invention are preferably rectangular. Compared to existing chemical looping devices, the width and depth provided in this embodiment are a and b, respectively, where a ≤ 20m and b ≤ 10m; the width-to-depth ratio a:b is between 1 and 5. The width and depth of the fuel reactor 4 are c and d, respectively, where c ≤ 30m and d ≤ 10m; the width-to-depth ratio c:d is between 1 and 10. In specific implementation, the fuel reactor of this application is designed as two 10×20 reactors or more smaller, improving the flow field distribution inside the reactor and increasing fluidization uniformity. At the same time, this compact layout of small size reduces the floor space required. The consideration for the depth is that the bed material in the fluidized bed boiler is ash, which has low density and is relatively scarce; while the chemical looping fuel reactor contains ilmenite, which has high density and is present in greater quantities, more than three times that of the fluidized bed. Therefore, the depth is limited to ≤ 10m to ensure that the air distribution plate can withstand this much material.
[0035] Example 6: The circulation loop of the chemically chained oxygen carrier in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1. The preferred dimensions of the air reactor 1 and the fuel reactor 4 are as follows: the width and depth of the air reactor 1 are 20m and 5m, respectively, with a width-to-depth ratio of 4. The width and depth of the fuel reactor 4 are 24m and 8m, respectively, with a width-to-depth ratio of 3.
[0036] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device, characterized in that, include: An air reactor (1); At least two circulation loops, each circulation loop comprising an air reactor (1), an air cyclone separator (2), a return feeder A (3), a fuel reactor (4), a return feeder B (5), and a return connection to the air reactor (1) connected in sequence; each pair of circulation loops is arranged symmetrically with respect to the air reactor (1); In this configuration, an air reactor (1) is connected to an air cyclone separator (2) in each of the circulating loops via a duct (6); the outlet of each air cyclone separator (2) is connected to an air outlet flue (7), which is then connected to an air tail flue (8); a fuel reactor (4) is connected to a fuel cyclone separator (9) via a duct (6), the outlet of the fuel cyclone separator (9) is connected to a fuel outlet flue (10), which is then connected to a fuel tail flue (11).
2. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The arrangement of the air reactor (1), air cyclone separator (2) and fuel reactor (4) in the circulation loop forms a triangle; the arrangement of the air cyclone separator (2), fuel reactor (4) and fuel cyclone separator (9) forms a triangle.
3. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of fuel outlet flues (10) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the fuel tail flue (11); the plurality of air outlet flues (7) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air tail flue (8); the air tail flue (8) is located between the air cyclone separator (2) and the fuel tail flue (11), and the fuel tail flue (11) and the fuel outlet flues (10) surround the air tail flue (8).
4. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The air reactor (1) is connected to the first air cyclone separator (102); the first air cyclone separator (102) is connected to the first fuel reactor (104) through the first return feeder A (103); the first fuel reactor (104) is connected to the air reactor (1) through the first return feeder B (105), forming a first circulation loop (100). Furthermore, the air reactor (1) is connected to the second air cyclone separator (202); the second air cyclone separator (202) is connected to the second fuel reactor (204) through the second return feeder A (203); the second fuel reactor (204) is connected to the air reactor (1) through the second return feeder B (205), forming a second circulation loop (200). The first circulation loop (100) and the second circulation loop (200) are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air reactor (1).
5. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a common air tail flue (8); the exhaust gas from the outlet of the first air cyclone separator (102) enters the air tail flue (8) through the first air outlet flue (107) and merges therein; the exhaust gas from the outlet of the second air cyclone separator (202) enters the air tail flue (8) through the second air outlet flue (207) and merges therein. It also includes a common fuel tail flue (11); the first fuel reactor (104) is connected to the first fuel cyclone separator (109), and the flue gas from the outlet of the first fuel cyclone separator (109) enters the fuel tail flue (11) through the first fuel outlet flue (110) and merges therein; the second fuel reactor (204) is connected to the second fuel cyclone separator (209), and the flue gas from the outlet of the second fuel cyclone separator (209) enters the fuel tail flue (11) through the second fuel outlet flue (210) and merges therein.
6. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a third circulation loop (300) and a fourth circulation loop (400), which are arranged symmetrically with respect to the air reactor (1) and have the same connection relationship as the first circulation loop (100) and the second circulation loop (200).
7. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first circulation loop (100), the second circulation loop (200), the third circulation loop (300), and the fourth circulation loop (400) are arranged axially symmetrically around the air reactor (1).
8. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The first circulation loop (100), the second circulation loop (200), the third circulation loop (300), and the fourth circulation loop (400) are arranged in a centrally symmetrical manner around the air reactor (1).
9. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, It includes N circulation loops, N≥2, the N circulation loops are connected in the same way as the first circulation loop (100) and the second circulation loop (200), and are arranged circumferentially around one of the air reactors (1).
10. A large-scale chemical looping combustion device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width and depth of the air reactor (1) are a and b, respectively, a≤20m, b≤10m, and the width-to-depth ratio a:b is between 1 and 5; the width and depth of the fuel reactor (4) are c and d, respectively, c≤30m, d≤10m, and the width-to-depth ratio c:d is between 1 and 10.