Intelligent water and evaporation monitoring system for precise irrigation of facility crops

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent water and evaporation monitoring system for precise irrigation of facility crops. The intelligent water and evaporation monitoring system comprises a base, a lifting device, a bracket, an evaporation dish, a collection module and a control module, wherein the acquisition module is used for acquiring a first height of a facility crop canopy, a second height of a bracket and a third height of a water surface in an evaporation dish; the control module is used for controlling the lifting device at the first height and the second height so that the height difference between the support and the canopy of the facility crop can reach the preset height difference, obtaining the water level change in the evaporation pan according to the second height and the third height, and obtaining the canopy water evaporation capacity of the facility crop according to the water level change in the evaporation pan. According to the intelligent water evaporation capacity monitoring system for precise irrigation of the facility crops, automatic tracking adaptation of the evaporation dish to the canopy height and automatic measurement of the water evaporation capacity of the canopy of the facility crops are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of water evaporation monitoring technology, and in particular to an intelligent water evaporation monitoring system for precision irrigation of facility crops. Background Technology

[0002] Precision irrigation is key to increasing the yield and quality of food crops, cash crops, and greenhouse crops, while conserving water resources. Greenhouse crops, in particular, have seen rapid development because they can overcome natural limitations, enabling year-round continuous production of fruits and vegetables, effectively ensuring market supply and meeting off-season demand. Existing irrigation guidance technologies mainly fall into two categories: one is based on soil moisture sensors, which determine irrigation time and water quotas by detecting soil moisture content. However, soil moisture is greatly affected by soil texture and compaction, and data from different locations within the same area varies significantly, easily leading to inaccurate irrigation. The other is based on weather station data, combined with the Penman-Monteith formula to calculate crop water requirements. However, weather station equipment is expensive and requires the integration of multiple parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and radiation, resulting in complex algorithms unsuitable for small and medium-sized greenhouse planting scenarios. Furthermore, existing automatic irrigation control systems often fail to consider the direct correlation between the canopy microenvironment of greenhouse crops and water consumption. Crop evaporation and transpiration are primarily regulated by atmospheric evapotranspiration, influenced by meteorological factors such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, and wind speed. The amount of water evaporation above the canopy also depends mainly on atmospheric evapotranspiration, demonstrating a strong correlation between the two. .

[0003] However, with the development of agricultural and automation technologies, smart irrigation is becoming increasingly prevalent, and non-destructive monitoring methods that can reflect crop water consumption in real time play a crucial role in smart irrigation decision-making. Traditional evaporation pans placed on the ground differ significantly from the crop canopy microenvironment and cannot accurately reflect the actual water consumption of crops. Existing evaporation pans are placed at a relatively small distance above the crop canopy, directly reflecting microclimate conditions such as light, temperature, humidity, and wind speed around the canopy. These conditions are the core factors affecting crop evaporation, and crop evaporation can be easily calculated from the evaporation rate of the evaporation pan. However, most still rely on traditional methods of manually moving the evaporation pans and reading the data, resulting in not only delayed data acquisition but also significant errors. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure aims to at least partially address one of the technical problems in the related art.

[0005] Therefore, the purpose of this disclosure is to provide an intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this disclosure provides an intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops, comprising: a base, a lifting device, a support, an evaporation dish, a data acquisition module, and a control module; wherein, the base is positioned close to the facility crop, the lifting device is mounted on the base, the support is mounted on the lifting end of the lifting device and located above the canopy of the facility crop, the lifting device is used to drive the support to rise and fall, and the evaporation dish is mounted on the support; the data acquisition module is used to acquire a first height of the facility crop canopy, a second height of the support, and a third height of the water level in the evaporation dish according to a preset acquisition frequency; the signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the data acquisition module, and the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the lifting device, the control module is used to control the lifting device according to the first and second heights acquired by the data acquisition module, so that the height difference between the support and the facility crop canopy reaches a preset height difference, and to obtain the water level change in the evaporation dish according to the second and third heights acquired by the data acquisition module, and to obtain the water evaporation from the canopy of the facility crop according to the water level change in the evaporation dish.

[0007] Optionally, the system further includes: a water replenishment device, wherein the water replenishment end of the water replenishment device is disposed inside the evaporation dish; wherein the signal output end of the control module is connected to the signal input end of the water replenishment device, and after the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop based on the water level change in the evaporation dish, the control module is also used to control the water replenishment device to replenish water to the evaporation dish to a preset water level based on the second height and third height collected by the acquisition module.

[0008] Optionally, the water replenishment device includes: a water storage tank, a water replenishment pipe, a switch valve, and a water pump; wherein, the inlet end of the water replenishment pipe is connected to the outlet end of the water storage tank, and the outlet end of the water replenishment pipe extends into the evaporation dish; the switch valve and the water pump are respectively installed on the water replenishment pipe; the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the switch valve and the signal input terminal of the water pump, and after the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop according to the water level change in the evaporation dish, the control module is used to control the opening of the switch valve and the starting of the water pump according to the second height and third height collected by the acquisition module, so as to replenish water in the evaporation dish to a preset water level.

[0009] Optionally, the control module is used to obtain the water level change in the evaporation dish at a first time point each day based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops based on the water level change in the evaporation dish. Additionally, at a second time point each day, the control module controls the water replenishment device to replenish water to a preset water level in the evaporation dish based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module. The second time point is later than the first time point and is spaced apart by a preset time.

[0010] Optionally, the acquisition module includes: an ultrasonic sensor, which is used to acquire a first height of the crop canopy, a second height of the support, and a third height of the water level in the evaporation dish according to a preset acquisition frequency; wherein, the signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the ultrasonic sensor, and the control module is used to control the lifting device according to the first and second heights acquired by the ultrasonic sensor, so that the height difference between the support and the crop canopy reaches a preset height difference, and to obtain a first water level change in the evaporation dish according to the second and third heights acquired by the ultrasonic sensor, and to obtain the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy according to the first water level change in the evaporation dish.

[0011] Optionally, the acquisition module further includes a weight sensor, which is mounted on the support and the evaporation dish is mounted on the weight sensor. The weight sensor is used to acquire the weight of the evaporation dish according to a preset acquisition frequency. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the weight sensor, and the control module is used to obtain the second water level change in the evaporation dish based on the weight acquired by the weight sensor, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop based on the first water level change and the second water level change in the evaporation dish.

[0012] Optionally, the system further includes a power supply device, which includes a solar panel and a lithium battery. The solar panel is disposed in the sunlight area, and the power input terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the solar panel. The power output terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the lifting device, the power input terminal of the acquisition module, and the power input terminal of the control module, respectively.

[0013] Optionally, the lifting device includes: a support rod, a lead screw, a slide block, and a drive mechanism; wherein, the support rod is vertically mounted on the base, and the lead screw is rotatably mounted within the support rod; the slide block is vertically slidably mounted on the support rod and threadedly connected to the lead screw; the bracket is mounted on the slide block; and the acquisition module is mounted on the support rod; the power output end of the drive mechanism is connected to the power input end of the lead screw, and the drive mechanism is used to drive the lead screw to rotate; the signal output end of the control module is connected to the signal input end of the lifting device, and the control module is used to control the drive mechanism to drive the lead screw to rotate based on the first height and the second height acquired by the acquisition module, thereby driving the bracket to lift.

[0014] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes: a worm gear, a worm, and a drive motor; wherein the worm gear is sleeved on the lead screw, and the worm is rotatably mounted on the base, and the worm gear and the worm mesh; the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the worm, and the drive motor is used to drive the worm to rotate; the control module is used to control the drive motor to drive the worm to rotate according to the first height and the second height acquired by the acquisition module, so as to drive the lead screw to rotate.

[0015] Optionally, the lifting device further includes: a protective cover, which is disposed on the base and the support rod is located inside the protective cover, and the bracket is disposed on the slide and extends out of the protective cover.

[0016] The technical solution provided in this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects: The control module controls the lifting device based on the first and second heights collected by the acquisition module, ensuring that the height difference between the support and the crop canopy remains at a preset level. Furthermore, the control module obtains the water level changes within the evaporation dish based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module, and calculates the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy based on these changes. This achieves automatic tracking and adaptation of the evaporation dish to the canopy height, as well as automatic measurement of the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy. This not only effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy, but also significantly reduces the labor costs associated with monitoring this process.

[0017] Additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops, as proposed in one embodiment of this disclosure. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops (with a water replenishment device) proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. As shown in the figure: 1. Base; 2. Lifting device; 21. Support rod; 22. Lead screw; 23. Slide block; 24. Drive mechanism; 25. Protective cover; 3. Support; 4. Evaporating dish; 5. Acquisition module; 51. Ultrasonic sensor; 52. Weight sensor; 6. Water supply device; 61. Water storage tank; 62. Water supply pipe; 63. Switch valve; 64. Water pump. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Embodiments of this disclosure are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are used only to explain this disclosure, and should not be construed as limiting this disclosure. Rather, embodiments of this disclosure include all variations, modifications, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

[0020] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in the figure, this disclosure proposes an intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops, including: a base 1, a lifting device 2, a support 3, an evaporation dish 4, a data acquisition module 5, and a control module (not shown in the figure). The base 1 is positioned close to the facility crops, and the lifting device 2 is mounted on the base 1. The support 3 is mounted on the lifting end of the lifting device 2 and located above the canopy of the facility crops. The lifting device 2 drives the support 3 to move up and down. The evaporation dish 4 is mounted on the support 3. The data acquisition module 5 collects data on the first height of the facility crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish 4 according to a preset data acquisition frequency. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the data acquisition module 5, and the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the lifting device 2. The control module controls the lifting device 2 based on the first and second heights collected by the data acquisition module 5, so that the height difference between the support 3 and the facility crop canopy reaches a preset height difference. It also obtains the water level change in the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights collected by the data acquisition module 5, and obtains the water evaporation from the canopy of the facility crops based on the water level change in the evaporation dish 4.

[0021] It is understandable that since the lifting device 2 is set on the base 1, the support 3 is set on the lifting end of the lifting device 2 and located above the canopy of the facility crop, and the evaporation dish 4 is set on the support 3, the evaporation dish 4 can use the lifting device 2 to get close to the canopy of the facility crop, thereby directly reflecting the microclimate conditions such as light, temperature, humidity, and wind speed around the canopy of the facility crop, and thus it is convenient to calculate the amount of water evaporation from the canopy of the facility crop by the water level change in the evaporation dish 4.

[0022] Since the signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the acquisition module 5, and the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the lifting device 2, the control module can use the acquisition module 5 to obtain the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish 4, and can control the lifting device 2 to drive the support 3 to rise and fall, thereby adjusting the height of the evaporation dish 4.

[0023] Specifically, the control module controls the lifting device 2 based on the first and second heights collected by the acquisition module 5, ensuring that the height difference between the support 3 and the crop canopy remains at a preset level. Furthermore, the control module obtains the water level changes within the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5, and calculates the evaporation rate of the crop canopy based on these changes. This achieves automatic tracking and adaptation of the evaporation dish 4 to the canopy height, as well as automatic measurement of the evaporation rate of the crop canopy. This not only effectively improves the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring crop canopy evaporation but also significantly reduces the labor costs associated with monitoring crop canopy evaporation.

[0024] It should be noted that the crops in the facility can be such as fruits and vegetables. Under the control of the control module, the lifting device 2 drives the support 3 to rise and fall, so that the height difference between the support 3 and the canopy of the facility crops can reach 20cm-50cm, for example, 30cm. As a result, the evaporation dish 4 can directly reflect the microclimate conditions such as solar radiation, temperature, humidity, and wind speed around the canopy of the facility crops. This makes it easier to indirectly calculate the evaporation of the facility crops based on the corresponding model of the evaporation of the evaporation dish 4 and the evaporation of the facility crops. At the same time, this method does not require complex physiological monitoring of the facility crops.

[0025] Evaporation dish 4 is used to hold water so that the amount of water evaporation from the canopy of the facility crops can be calculated by the change in water level in the environment at the canopy of the facility crops. The specific type of evaporation dish 4 can be set according to actual needs and there is no restriction. For example, the evaporation dish 4 can be a standard evaporation dish 4 with a diameter of 20cm and a height of 11cm. The inner wall is sprayed with waterproof graduation lines. When installing, the center of the evaporation dish 4 should be aligned with the center of the canopy of the facility crops without obstruction.

[0026] Specifically, the water level change in the evaporating dish 4 is obtained based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5. In particular, after subtracting the second height from the third height, the thickness of the bottom of the evaporation surface of the evaporating dish 4 also needs to be subtracted to obtain the water level in the evaporating dish 4. Then, the initial water level before evaporation is subtracted from the current water level in the evaporating dish 4 to obtain the water level change in the evaporating dish 4.

[0027] The base 1 is used to support the lifting device 2, etc. By increasing the contact area or increasing the weight, it prevents the equipment from tipping over and plays a role in stabilizing the support. The specific type of the base 1 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0028] The lifting device 2 is used to drive the support 3 to rise and fall. The specific type of the lifting device 2 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0029] The bracket 3 is used to support and fix the evaporating dish 4 to ensure its stability during movement. The specific type of bracket 3 can be set according to actual needs and there is no limitation. For example, the bracket 3 is made of aluminum alloy.

[0030] The acquisition module 5 is used to collect the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish 4 according to a preset acquisition frequency (e.g., once every 30 minutes). The specific type of acquisition module 5 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0031] The control module is the "decision center" of the intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops. The specific type of control module can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it. For example, the control module can be a microcontroller.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the system further includes a water replenishment device 6, the water replenishment end of which is disposed inside the evaporation dish 4. The signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the water replenishment device 6. After the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation rate of the facility crops based on the water level changes in the evaporation dish 4, the control module is also used to control the water replenishment device 6 to replenish water to a preset water level in the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5.

[0033] It is understandable that, since the water replenishment end of the water replenishment device 6 is located inside the evaporating dish 4, and the signal output end of the control module is connected to the signal input end of the water replenishment device 6, the control module can control the water replenishment device 6 to replenish water to the evaporating dish 4. Specifically, after the control module obtains the amount of canopy water evaporation of the facility crops based on the water level changes in the evaporating dish 4, the control module controls the water replenishment device 6 to replenish water to the evaporating dish 4 to the preset water level based on the second height and third height collected by the acquisition module 5, thereby realizing automatic water replenishment of the evaporating dish 4. Compared with the traditional manual water replenishment method, the system of this embodiment effectively improves the water replenishment accuracy and reduces labor costs.

[0034] It should be noted that the water replenishment device 6 is used to automatically replenish the water in the evaporation dish 4 after the amount of water evaporation in the canopy of the facility crops is obtained, thereby realizing the continuous monitoring of the amount of water evaporation in the canopy of the facility crops. The specific type of water replenishment device 6 can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on it.

[0035] The preset water level in the evaporation dish 4 is the initial water level before evaporation. By using the change of this water level over a certain period of time (e.g., one day), the evaporation amount can be obtained, and then the canopy water evaporation amount of the facility crops can be calculated. The preset water level in the evaporation dish 4 can be 2 cm.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the water replenishment device 6 includes: a water storage tank 61, a water replenishment pipe 62, a switch valve 63, and a water pump 64. The inlet end of the water replenishment pipe 62 is connected to the outlet end of the water storage tank 61, and the outlet end of the water replenishment pipe 62 extends into the evaporation dish 4. The switch valve 63 and the water pump 64 are respectively installed on the water replenishment pipe 62. The signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the switch valve 63 and the signal input terminal of the water pump 64, respectively. After the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation rate of the facility crops based on the water level changes in the evaporation dish 4, the control module controls the opening of the switch valve 63 and the start of the water pump 64 based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5, so that the water in the evaporation dish 4 is replenished to a preset water level.

[0037] Understandably, since the inlet of the water supply pipe 62 is connected to the outlet of the water storage tank 61, and the outlet of the water supply pipe 62 extends into the evaporating dish 4, and the switch valve 63 and the water pump 64 are respectively installed on the water supply pipe 62, when the switch valve 63 is turned on and the water pump 64 is started, the water in the water storage tank 61 can be transported into the evaporating dish 4. Furthermore, since the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the switch valve 63 and the signal input terminal of the water pump 64 respectively, the control module can control the on / off state of the switch valve 63 and the on / off state of the water pump 64. Specifically, the control module can control the opening of the switch valve 63 and the starting of the water pump 64 according to the second height and the third height collected by the acquisition module 5, so that the water in the evaporating dish 4 is replenished to the preset water level, thereby realizing the continuous monitoring of the evaporation of water in the canopy of the facility crops.

[0038] It should be noted that the water storage tank 61 is used to supply water to the evaporating dish 4. The specific type of the water storage tank 61 can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on it.

[0039] The water supply pipe 62 is used to guide the water from the water storage tank 61 to the evaporating dish 4. The specific type of the water supply pipe 62 can be set according to actual needs and there is no restriction. For example, the water supply pipe 62 is a flexible hose, and the outlet end of the water supply pipe 62 can be provided with a spiral stretchable structure.

[0040] The on / off valve 63 is used to control the opening and closing of the water supply pipe 62 to achieve precise water replenishment. For example, when the evaporating dish 4 needs water replenishment, the on / off valve 63 is open; when the evaporating dish 4 does not need water replenishment, the on / off valve 63 is closed. The specific type of the on / off valve 63 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.

[0041] Water pump 64 is used for pressurizing and transporting water. For example, when evaporating dish 4 needs water replenishment, water pump 64 starts and when evaporating dish 4 does not need water replenishment, water pump 64 shuts down. The specific type of water pump 64 can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto.

[0042] In some embodiments, the control module is configured to obtain the water level change in the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5 at a first time point each day, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops based on the water level change in the evaporation dish 4. Furthermore, at a second time point each day, the control module controls the water replenishment device 6 to replenish water to a preset water level in the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module 5. The second time point is later than the first time point and is spaced apart by a preset time.

[0043] Understandably, the control module calculates the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops at the first time point of each day, and automatically replenishes the evaporation dish 4 with water replenishment device 6 at the second time point later than the first time point, thereby realizing effective and continuous monitoring of the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops.

[0044] It should be noted that the first and second time points can be set according to actual needs, and there are no restrictions on them. For example, the first and second time points can be 6:30 and 7:00 every day, respectively.

[0045] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the acquisition module 5 includes an ultrasonic sensor 51, which is used to acquire the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water level in the evaporation dish 4 according to a preset acquisition frequency. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the ultrasonic sensor 51, and the control module is used to control the lifting device 2 according to the first and second heights acquired by the ultrasonic sensor 51, so that the height difference between the support 3 and the crop canopy reaches a preset height difference; and to obtain the first water level change in the evaporation dish 4 based on the second and third heights acquired by the ultrasonic sensor 51, and to obtain the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy based on the first water level change in the evaporation dish 4.

[0046] Understandably, since the signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the ultrasonic sensor 51, the control module can use the ultrasonic sensor 51 to obtain the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish 4. In this way, the evaporation dish 4 can automatically track the crop canopy and calculate the amount of water evaporation from the crop canopy based on the first, second, and third heights.

[0047] It should be noted that the ultrasonic sensor 51 is arranged above the crop canopy, the support 3, and the evaporation dish 4. It synchronously collects the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support 3, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish 4 according to the preset collection frequency. The specific type of ultrasonic sensor 51 can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0048] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, the acquisition module 5 further includes a weight sensor 52, which is mounted on the support 3, and the evaporating dish 4 is mounted on the weight sensor 52. The weight sensor 52 is used to acquire the weight of the evaporating dish 4 according to a preset acquisition frequency. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the weight sensor 52, and the control module is used to obtain the second water level change in the evaporating dish 4 based on the weight acquired by the weight sensor 52, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation rate of the facility crops based on the first and second water level changes in the evaporating dish 4.

[0049] Understandably, since the weight sensor 52 is mounted on the support 3 and the evaporating dish 4 is mounted on the weight sensor 52, the weight sensor 52 can collect the weight of the evaporating dish 4. Furthermore, since the signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the weight sensor 52, the control module can use the weight sensor 52 to obtain the weight of the evaporating dish 4 according to a preset sampling frequency. Specifically, the control module obtains the second water level change in the evaporating dish 4 based on the weight collected by the weight sensor 52, and obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops based on the first and second water level changes in the evaporating dish 4. Thus, dual monitoring of the water level in the evaporating dish 4 is achieved based on the ultrasonic sensor 51 and the weight sensor 52, thereby ensuring the accurate acquisition of the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops.

[0050] It should be noted that the weight sensor 52 is used to collect the weight of the evaporating dish 4 according to a preset collection frequency, so that the control module can obtain the second water level change in the evaporating dish 4 based on the weight collected by the weight sensor 52. The specific type of the weight sensor 52 can be set according to actual needs and there is no limitation thereto.

[0051] The process of calculating the water level based on the height difference also needs to take into account the thickness of the weight sensor 52. For example, after subtracting the second height from the third height, it is also necessary to subtract the thickness of the bottom of the evaporation surface of the evaporation dish 4 and the height of the weight sensor 52 to finally obtain the water level in the evaporation dish 4.

[0052] In some embodiments, the system further includes a power supply device, which includes a solar panel and a lithium battery. The solar panel is disposed in the sunlight area, and the power input terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the solar panel. The power output terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the lifting device 2, the power input terminal of the acquisition module 5, and the power input terminal of the control module, respectively.

[0053] Understandably, since the solar panel is placed in the sunlit area and the power input terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the solar panel, and the power output terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminals of the lifting device 2, the data acquisition module 5, and the control module respectively, the lifting device 2, the data acquisition module 5, and the control module can be powered by the cooperation of the solar panel and the lithium battery, thereby avoiding the need to connect to an external power source, reducing energy consumption, and improving the flexibility of system use.

[0054] It should be noted that the solar panels are used to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and the lithium batteries are used to store the fluctuating electrical energy generated by the solar panels and continuously power the lifting device 2, the data acquisition module 5, the control module, the water replenishment device 6, etc. The specific types of solar panels and lithium batteries can be set according to actual needs and are not restricted. The solar panels can be placed outdoors or indoors in areas with sufficient sunlight.

[0055] Different voltage conversion circuits can be used for voltage matching for different modules.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the lifting device 2 includes: a support rod 21, a lead screw 22, a slide block 23, and a drive mechanism 24. The support rod 21 is vertically mounted on the base 1, and the lead screw 22 is rotatably mounted within the support rod 21. The slide block 23 is vertically slidably mounted on the support rod 21 and threadedly connected to the lead screw 22. A bracket 3 is mounted on the slide block 23. A data acquisition module 5 is mounted on the support rod 21. The power output end of the drive mechanism 24 is connected to the power input end of the lead screw 22, and the drive mechanism 24 is used to drive the lead screw 22 to rotate. The signal output end of the control module is connected to the signal input end of the lifting device 2, and the control module is used to control the drive mechanism 24 to drive the lead screw 22 to rotate based on the first and second heights acquired by the data acquisition module 5, thereby raising and lowering the bracket 3.

[0057] It is understandable that, since the support rod 21 is vertically mounted on the base 1, and the lead screw 22 is rotatably mounted inside the support rod 21, the slide block 23 is vertically slidably mounted on the support rod 21 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw 22, and the bracket 3 is mounted on the slide block 23, when the lead screw 22 rotates, it can drive the slide block 23 and the bracket 3 on the slide block 23 to rise and fall vertically. Furthermore, since the power output end of the drive mechanism 24 is connected to the power input end of the lead screw 22, and the signal output end of the control module is connected to the signal input end of the lifting device 2, the control module can control the operation of the drive mechanism 24, thereby driving the lead screw 22 to rotate. Specifically, the control module controls the drive mechanism 24 to drive the lead screw 22 to rotate according to the first height and the second height collected by the acquisition module 5, thereby driving the bracket 3 to rise and fall, so that the height difference between the bracket 3 and the canopy of the facility crop reaches the preset height difference, thereby realizing the automatic tracking of the canopy of the facility crop by the evaporating dish 4.

[0058] It should be noted that the support rod 21 is used to support components such as the lead screw 22. The specific type of the support rod 21 can be set according to actual needs and there is no limitation. For example, the support rod 21 can be a rod with a large diameter and a hollow internal structure to accommodate the lead screw 22, part of the drive mechanism 24 (such as a worm gear), etc.

[0059] The lead screw 22 and the slide 23 work together to convert the rotational motion of the drive mechanism 24 into lifting motion. The specific types of the lead screw 22 and the slide 23 can be set according to actual needs and are not limited thereto. For example, the lead screw 22 is rotatably mounted in the support rod 21 through a bearing and is arranged vertically. The slide 23 is slidably mounted on the support rod 21 along a guide rail. At the same time, the slide 23 extends to the lead screw 22 through a strip hole on one side of the support rod 21 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw 22.

[0060] In some embodiments, the drive mechanism 24 includes a worm gear, a worm, and a drive motor. The worm gear is sleeved on the lead screw 22, and the worm is rotatably mounted on the base 1. The worm gear and worm mesh. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the worm, and the drive motor drives the worm to rotate. The control module controls the drive motor to drive the worm to rotate based on the first height and the second height acquired by the acquisition module 5, thereby causing the lead screw 22 to rotate.

[0061] It is understandable that, since the worm gear is sleeved on the lead screw 22 and the worm is rotatably mounted on the base 1, the worm gear and the worm mesh, and the output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the worm, so that the drive motor can drive the worm to rotate. Thus, the meshing transmission between the worm and the worm gear drives the lead screw 22 to rotate, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering of the bracket 3.

[0062] It should be noted that the worm gear and worm are used to convert the axial rotation of the drive motor into the axial rotation of the lead screw 22. The specific type of worm gear and worm can be set according to actual needs and there are no restrictions on it.

[0063] The drive motor is used to drive the worm gear to rotate. The specific type of drive motor can be set according to actual needs and is not limited thereto. The output shaft of the drive motor is arranged horizontally, and the horizontal rotational power is converted into the vertical rotational power of the lead screw 22 by the worm wheel and worm.

[0064] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the lifting device 2 further includes: a protective cover 25, which is disposed on the base 1 and the support rod 21 is located inside the protective cover 25, and the bracket 3 is disposed on the slide 23 and extends out of the protective cover 25.

[0065] It is understandable that, since the protective cover 25 is set on the base 1 and the support rod 21 is located inside the protective cover 25, and the bracket 3 is set on the slide 23 and extends out of the protective cover 25, the protective cover 25 can protect the support rod 21 and other components, while avoiding affecting the lifting and lowering operation of the bracket 3.

[0066] It should be noted that the specific type of protective cover 25 can be set according to actual needs and there is no restriction. For example, the protective cover 25 can be a cover structure with a vertical elongated opening on one side of the bracket 3.

[0067] In summary, the control module performs automatic raising and lowering of the evaporating dish 4, automatic water level detection, and automatic water replenishment. Specifically, every 30 minutes, the system receives data from the ultrasonic sensor 51 on the height of the crop canopy (first height), the height of the support 3 (second height), and the water level of the evaporating dish 4 (third height), as well as the commands on the panel for "Setting the distance of the evaporating dish 4 from the canopy (30cm)" and "Initial water level 2cm". At 6:30 AM daily, it checks whether "second height minus first height" equals 30cm, and at 7:00 AM daily, it checks whether "the water level corresponding to "third height minus second height, then minus the thickness of the bottom of the evaporating dish and the height of the weight sensor 52" is lower than the initial water level. If the difference between the second height and the first height is less than 30cm (the crop has grown taller) and the current water level is lower than the initial water level, it calculates "how much the support 3 should be raised and how much water the evaporating dish 4 needs to be replenished", and verifies whether the amount of water needed to be replenished to the evaporating dish 4 is consistent with the weight change of the weight sensor 52. If they are consistent, it sends commands to the switch valve 63 and the water pump 64 to drive the drive motor to raise and lower the support 3 until the set distance is reached, and then starts the water pump 64 to replenish water to the evaporating dish 4 until the initial water level of 2cm is reached.

[0068] The specific control logic is as follows: (1) Initialization: After the system is started, the ultrasonic sensor 51 calibrates the crop canopy height Hc, the initial support height Hz, the initial water level (set as “reference water level H0”), and the data acquisition interval (e.g., 30 minutes / time).

[0069] (2) Real-time monitoring: Acquire the canopy height (first height) Hci, the support 3 height (second height) Hzi, and the water level Hwi at the collection interval.

[0070] (3) Height control of stent 3: If Hzi-Hci is less than 30cm at 6:30 am every day, start the drive motor, raise the height of stent 3 to 30cm above the canopy and then shut down the system.

[0071] (4) Evaporating dish 4 water level detection: Ultrasonic sensor 51 collects the water level Hwi of evaporating dish 4 every 30 minutes.

[0072] (5) Water replenishment control: If Hti is not greater than the initial water level H0 at 7:00 am every day, control switch valve 63 is opened, and water is replenished to H0 and then closed.

[0073] (6) Data calculation and storage: Based on each parameter, calculate the rising height of support 3, the amount of water evaporation per unit time, the daily water evaporation of evaporating dish 4 and the daily water replenishment, etc., and store or upload the rising height of support 3, the amount of water evaporation per unit time, the daily water evaporation of evaporating dish 4 and the water replenishment and time.

[0074] The key to the system in this embodiment is: (1) It can realize the fully automated detection and measurement of water evaporation at 30cm above the canopy of fruits and vegetables in the facility, and can provide real-time dynamic feedback of water evaporation, realize non-destructive and rapid detection and measurement, and has low cost, low energy consumption, and is easy to promote and apply.

[0075] (2) The system measures data more accurately than traditional methods and can reduce the interference of human factors on the data. It can realize automatic data recording and calculation, eliminating the need for manual recording and calculation, and effectively improving the efficiency of data processing.

[0076] (3) The environment inside the facility is relatively closed. The evaporation of water in the evaporation dish 4 above the canopy can accurately capture the evaporation characteristics of the microclimate around the canopy of the facility crop. These microclimate conditions are the core factors affecting the water consumption of facility crops. Therefore, the change in the evaporation of water above the canopy is a rapid response to environmental changes. It can provide real-time data support for the implementation of water demand regulation of facility crops (such as irrigation timing and irrigation amount), and realize "guiding water supply with environmental feedback".

[0077] It has at least the following advantages: (1) The automatic control system created can realize the evaporation dish 4 moving automatically as the canopy height increases, the amount of water evaporation per unit time, automatic water replenishment to the initial water level, and automatic calibration, which not only provides real-time dynamic data feedback and improves the accuracy of data acquisition, but also saves costs.

[0078] (2) An automatic control system for an evaporation dish 4 above the canopy of low-energy-consumption facility fruit and vegetable can be created, which can realize real-time monitoring of water evaporation at 30cm above the canopy. In the relatively closed environment inside the facility, the real-time canopy evaporation directly reflects the microclimate change of the canopy of the facility crop. Therefore, the real-time canopy water evaporation indirectly reflects the water consumption of the crop, which provides timely data support for the real-time regulation of water demand of facility fruit and vegetable.

[0079] It should be noted that in the description of this disclosure, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0080] Any process or method description in the flowchart or otherwise herein can be understood as representing a module, segment, or portion of code comprising one or more executable instructions for implementing a particular logical function or process, and the scope of preferred embodiments of this disclosure includes additional implementations in which functions may be performed not in the order shown or discussed, including substantially simultaneously or in reverse order depending on the function involved, as will be understood by those skilled in the art to which embodiments of this disclosure pertain.

[0081] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0082] Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops, characterized in that, include: Base, lifting device, bracket, evaporating dish, data acquisition module, and control module; The base is located close to the facility crop, and the lifting device is located on the base. The support is located at the lifting end of the lifting device and above the canopy of the facility crop. The lifting device is used to drive the support to lift and lower. The evaporation dish is located on the support. The acquisition module is used to acquire the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish according to a preset acquisition frequency. The signal input terminal of the control module is connected to the signal output terminal of the acquisition module, and the signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the lifting device. The control module is used to control the lifting device according to the first height and the second height acquired by the acquisition module, so that the height difference between the support and the canopy of the facility crop reaches a preset height difference. It also obtains the water level change in the evaporation dish according to the second height and the third height acquired by the acquisition module, and obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop according to the water level change in the evaporation dish.

2. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: A water replenishment device, wherein the water replenishment end of the water replenishment device is disposed inside the evaporating dish; The control module's signal output terminal is connected to the water replenishment device's signal input terminal. After the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop based on the water level change in the evaporation dish, the control module is also used to control the water replenishment device to replenish water to the evaporation dish to a preset water level based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module.

3. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The water replenishment device includes: Water storage tank, water supply pipe, switch valve and water pump; The water supply pipe has its inlet end connected to the water outlet end of the water storage tank, and the water outlet end of the water supply pipe extends into the evaporating dish. The switch valve and the water pump are respectively installed on the water supply pipe. The signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the switch valve and the signal input terminal of the water pump, respectively. After the control module obtains the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop based on the water level change in the evaporation dish, the control module is used to control the opening of the switch valve and the start of the water pump based on the second height and third height collected by the acquisition module, so as to replenish water in the evaporation dish to the preset water level.

4. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 2, characterized in that, The control module is used to obtain the water level change in the evaporation dish at the first time point of each day based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation of the facility crops based on the water level change in the evaporation dish. It is also used to control the water replenishment device to replenish water to the evaporation dish to a preset water level at the second time point of each day based on the second and third heights collected by the acquisition module. The second time point is later than the first time point and is separated by a preset time.

5. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The acquisition module includes: An ultrasonic sensor is used to collect the first height of the crop canopy, the second height of the support, and the third height of the water surface in the evaporation dish according to a preset acquisition frequency. The control module's signal input terminal is connected to the ultrasonic sensor's signal output terminal. The control module controls the lifting device based on the first and second heights collected by the ultrasonic sensor, so that the height difference between the support and the crop canopy reaches a preset height difference. It also obtains the first water level change in the evaporation dish based on the second and third heights collected by the ultrasonic sensor, and obtains the evaporation rate of the crop canopy based on the first water level change in the evaporation dish.

6. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 5, characterized in that, The acquisition module also includes: A weight sensor is mounted on the support, and the evaporating dish is mounted on the weight sensor. The weight sensor is used to collect the weight of the evaporating dish according to a preset sampling frequency. The control module's signal input terminal is connected to the weight sensor's signal output terminal. The control module is used to obtain the second water level change in the evaporation dish based on the weight collected by the weight sensor, and to obtain the canopy water evaporation of the facility crop based on the first and second water level changes in the evaporation dish.

7. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: A power supply device includes a solar panel and a lithium battery. The solar panel is disposed in a sunlight area, and the power input terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the solar panel. The power output terminal of the lithium battery is connected to the power input terminal of the lifting device, the power input terminal of the acquisition module, and the power input terminal of the control module, respectively.

8. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lifting device includes: Support rod, lead screw, slide block, and drive mechanism; The support rod is vertically mounted on the base, and the lead screw is rotatably mounted inside the support rod. The slide block is vertically slidably mounted on the support rod and is threadedly connected to the lead screw. The bracket is mounted on the slide block, and the acquisition module is mounted on the support rod. The power output end of the drive mechanism is connected to the power input end of the lead screw, and the drive mechanism is used to drive the lead screw to rotate. The signal output terminal of the control module is connected to the signal input terminal of the lifting device, and the control module is used to control the drive mechanism to drive the lead screw to rotate according to the first height and the second height collected by the acquisition module, so as to drive the support to rise and fall.

9. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 8, characterized in that, The drive mechanism includes: Worm gear, worm, and drive motor; The worm gear is sleeved on the lead screw, and the worm is rotatably mounted on the base, with the worm gear and the worm meshing together. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the worm gear, and the drive motor is used to drive the worm gear to rotate; The control module is used to control the drive motor to drive the worm gear to rotate based on the first height and the second height acquired by the acquisition module, so as to drive the lead screw to rotate.

10. The intelligent monitoring system for water evaporation in precision irrigation of facility crops according to claim 8, characterized in that, The lifting device also includes: A protective cover is provided on the base, and the support rod is located inside the protective cover. The bracket is provided on the slide and extends out of the protective cover.

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