Light-emitting device, preparation method thereof and display device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of light-emitting devices, and relates to a light-emitting device, a preparation method thereof and a display device.The light-emitting device comprises a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode which are sequentially arranged in a stacked mode, and the functional layer comprises metal ions and a composite material containing electronegative groups; the electronegative group is bonded to the metal ion. According to the application, strong combination is formed between the electronegative group end and the metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer, and the metal ions are locked, so that the metal ions can be prevented from forming hydrated ions to escape into the environment after water and oxygen are exposed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of optoelectronic technology, and in particular to a light-emitting device, its fabrication method, and a display device. Background Technology

[0002] Metal elements, especially heavy metals, in quantum dots have potential adverse effects. For example, if a quantum dot light-emitting device breaks and heavy metals are exposed to air, they can easily combine with water and oxygen, causing heavy metal leakage. Alternatively, if the water and oxygen sealing performance of the quantum dot light-emitting device is poor, water and oxygen can enter the device and combine with heavy metals, causing them to easily leach out and leak. Current methods for suppressing heavy metal leakage include using potting compounds (sealants) to control heavy metal leakage when the device is damaged or broken, but these methods still cannot completely suppress heavy metal leakage at its source during device fabrication and use. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a light-emitting device, a method for preparing the same, and a display device.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a light-emitting device, employing the following technical solution:

[0005] A light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer comprises metal ions and a composite material containing negatively charged groups; the negatively charged groups are bonded to the metal ions.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application also provides a light-emitting device, which employs the following technical solution:

[0007] A light-emitting device includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer includes a polyamide-amine polymer and a bridging molecule. The bridging molecule has a positively charged group, which is bonded to the polyamide-amine polymer.

[0008] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application also provides a method for fabricating a light-emitting device, employing the following technical solution:

[0009] A method for fabricating a light-emitting device, the method comprising:

[0010] Provides a preform having a first electrode and an ink comprising metal ions and a composite material, the composite material containing negatively charged groups;

[0011] The ink is applied to the preform;

[0012] The solute is removed to obtain a functional layer, wherein the negatively charged groups in the functional layer are combined with the metal ions;

[0013] A second electrode is disposed on the functional layer to obtain the light-emitting device.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of this application have the following main advantages:

[0015] This application locks metal ions by binding with negatively charged groups to metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer, thus preventing metal ions from forming hydrated ions and escaping into the environment after exposure to water and oxygen.

[0016] This application uses positively charged groups to bind polyamide amine polymers, and then uses polyamide amine polymers to lock in the moisture entering the functional layer, preventing metal ions from forming hydrated ions inside the device and escaping to the outside of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the solution of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a method for fabricating a light-emitting device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the fabrication process of the preform in the fabrication method of the light-emitting device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a simulation diagram of physical damage to the quantum dot electroluminescent device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure label:

[0023] 100, Substrate; 200, Anode layer; 300, Hole injection layer; 400, Hole transport layer; 500, Quantum dot light-emitting layer; 600, Electron transport layer; 700, Cathode layer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application; the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims, and foregoing drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. The terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, or foregoing drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a particular order.

[0025] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0026] This application provides a light-emitting device comprising a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer comprises a polyamide-amine polymer and a bridging molecule. The bridging molecule has a positively charged group, which is bonded to the polyamide-amine polymer. Specifically, the bridging molecule bonds to negatively charged -NH-, -NH2, or C=O groups with lone pairs of electrons in the polyamide-amine polymer through its positively charged end group.

[0027] In this embodiment, positively charged groups are used to bind polyamide-amine polymers, which then lock in water entering the functional layer. Specifically, due to the presence of strong hydrogen-bonding groups and hydrophobic polymer chains in the polyamide-amine polymer, water molecules can be effectively prevented from entering, or water molecules that have entered the membrane layer can be locked inside the polyamide-amine polymer. This prevents water from penetrating laterally, prevents the formation of hydrated metal ions, and prevents water from reacting with metal ions to form hydrated ions that escape from the device to the outside.

[0028] In one embodiment, the positively charged group includes one or more of ammonium ions, α-hydrogen, and protonated amino groups. It should be noted that the positive charge of the α-hydrogen can originate from:

[0029] 1. Electron-withdrawing property of functional groups: Functional groups attached to α-carbon atoms typically exhibit electron-withdrawing properties, meaning they attract electron clouds to shift towards themselves. This electron-withdrawing effect reduces the electron cloud density on the α-carbon atom, which in turn reduces the electron cloud density on the attached α-hydrogen atom. Since electrons are negatively charged, the reduced electron cloud density causes the α-hydrogen atom to acquire a relatively positive charge.

[0030] 2. Inductive effect: In organic chemistry, the inductive effect refers to the influence of covalent bonds between atoms or groups with different charges in a molecule on the electron cloud distribution of adjacent groups. When an electron-withdrawing functional group is attached to the α-carbon, this inductive effect further intensifies the positive charge of the α-hydrogen atom.

[0031] In one embodiment, the positively charged groups account for 0.01% to 5% of the mass percentage in the functional layer. This mass percentage can effectively bind the polyamide amine polymer and assist the polyamide amine polymer in locking water.

[0032] Optionally, the mass percentage of the positively charged group in the functional layer is any one of 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or a value within the range of any two of the aforementioned values.

[0033] This application provides another light-emitting device, which includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer includes metal ions and a composite material containing negatively charged groups.

[0034] Specifically, the negatively charged groups in the composite material form a strong bond with the metal ions that escape from the lattice structure of the functional layer, thereby locking the metal ions and preventing them from forming hydrated ions and escaping into the environment after exposure to water and oxygen.

[0035] In one embodiment, the composite material comprises a polyamide-amine polymer and a bridging molecule, wherein the bridging molecule has the negatively charged group. In this embodiment, the bridging molecule forms a strong bond with metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer through the negatively charged group, locking the metal ions. After the light-emitting device suffers physical damage such as puncture, the negatively charged group can maintain a good heavy metal sealing effect, effectively preventing metal ions formed by at least one of the following metals (such as chromium ions, copper ions, silver ions, lead ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, manganese ions, cadmium ions, mercury ions, and molybdenum ions) from escaping into the environment after exposure to water and oxygen by forming hydrated ions, thus improving the environmental friendliness of the device.

[0036] Of course, the negatively charged groups can also come from other materials besides the bridging molecules. In particular, when both the negatively charged groups and the positively charged groups in the above embodiments come from the bridging molecules, since the bridging molecules simultaneously possess both positively charged and negatively charged groups, the positively charged groups bind to the polyamide-amine polymer, and the negatively charged groups bind to metal ions. In this case, the polyamide-amine polymer can bind to metal ions through coordination bonds, chelation, ionic bonds, etc., under the bridging effect of the bridging molecules. Specifically, since the bridging molecules have both negatively charged and positively charged groups, they bind to the -NH-, -NH2, and C=O groups with lone pairs of electrons and negative charge in the polyamide-amine polymer through the positively charged groups, and bind to the negatively charged groups through the negatively charged group ends. Metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer form strong bonds, locking the metal ions with the sterically hindered polyamide-amine polymer. This effectively prevents metal ions formed from at least one of the metals (chromium, copper, silver, lead, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, and molybdenum) from escaping into the environment after exposure to water and oxygen, thus improving the environmental friendliness of the device. In addition, the presence of strong hydrogen bonding groups and hydrophobic polymer chains in the polyamide-amine polymer can effectively prevent water molecules from entering, or lock water molecules that have entered the membrane layer inside the polyamide-amine polymer, preventing water from penetrating laterally and preventing the formation of hydrated metal ions. After the light-emitting device suffers physical damage such as puncture, the synergistic effect of the polyamide-amine polymer and bridging molecules can maintain a good heavy metal sealing effect.

[0037] This application provides another light-emitting device, which includes a first electrode, a functional layer and a second electrode stacked sequentially, wherein the functional layer includes metal ions, polyamide amine polymer and bridging molecules.

[0038] The bridging molecule contains both positively charged and negatively charged groups. The negatively charged groups bind to the metal ions, while the positively charged groups bind to the polyamide-amine polymer. Specifically, the negatively charged groups form strong bonds with metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer, locking the metal ions and preventing them from forming hydrated ions and escaping into the environment upon exposure to water and oxygen. The positively charged groups bind to negatively charged -NH-, -NH2, and C=O groups with lone pairs of electrons in the polyamide-amine polymer. Through the negatively charged group ends, they form strong bonds with metal ions escaping from the lattice structure of the functional layer, locking the metal ions to the sterically hindered polyamide-amine polymer, effectively preventing the escape of chromium, copper, silver, lead, cobalt, and other metal ions. Metal ions formed from at least one of nickel, manganese, cadmium, mercury, and molybdenum escape into the environment as hydrated ions upon exposure to water and oxygen, thus enhancing the environmental friendliness of the device. Furthermore, the presence of strong hydrogen-bonding groups and hydrophobic polymer chains in the polyamide amine polymer can effectively prevent water molecules from entering, or lock water molecules that have entered the membrane layer within the polyamide amine polymer, preventing water from penetrating laterally and inhibiting the formation of hydrated metal ions. Even after the light-emitting device suffers physical damage such as puncture, the synergistic effect of the polyamide amine polymer and bridging molecules can maintain a good metal sealing effect.

[0039] The bridging molecules and polyamide amine polymers described in the above embodiments will be further explained below.

[0040] In some embodiments, the binding energy between the negatively charged group and the metal ion is 1.5 eV to 4 eV. This binding energy range ensures the stability of the binding between the negatively charged group and the metal ion, preventing easy breakage due to environmental factors and thus maintaining good metal storage performance.

[0041] In some alternative embodiments, the binding energy between the negatively charged group and the metal ion is any one of the following ratios: 1.5 eV, 1.6 eV, 1.7 eV, 1.8 eV, 1.9 eV, 2 eV, 2.5 eV, 3 eV, 3.5 eV, 4 eV, or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0042] In some embodiments, the functional layer is a single-layer or multi-layer structure. When the functional layer is a single-layer structure, the single-layer functional layer contains metal ions and composite materials. When the functional layer is a multi-layer structure, at least one of the multi-layer functional layers contains metal ions and composite materials.

[0043] Of course, the composite material can also be formed separately as a composite material layer and stacked with the functional layer.

[0044] In this embodiment, the bridging molecule includes one or more of enols, ammonium salts, amino acids, nucleotide bases, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, and polyamine carboxylic acids.

[0045] In some embodiments, the enol includes at least one of ethylene alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0046] In some embodiments, the ammonium salt includes at least one selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ammonium sulfate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the amino acid includes at least one selected from glycine, alanine, serine, lysine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine.

[0048] In some embodiments, the nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil.

[0049] In some embodiments, the polysaccharide includes chitosan.

[0050] In some embodiments, the oligopeptide includes at least one of dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, hexapeptide, heptapeptide, octapeptide, nonapeptide, and decapeptide.

[0051] In some embodiments, the polyamine carboxylic acid includes at least one of N,N-diacetamide, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, triacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0052] Taking vinyl alcohol as an example, the hydroxyl group in the vinyl alcohol molecule is an electronegative group, and the vinyl part is an electronegative group. It forms a strong bond with metal ions (such as Cd in the quantum dot light-emitting layer) that escape from the crystal structure through the hydroxyl end, and binds to the -NH- and -NH2 and C=O groups with lone pairs of electrons in the polyamide amine polymer through the vinyl part. This locks the metal ions to prevent them from forming hydrated ions and escaping into the environment after exposure to water and oxygen.

[0053] In this embodiment, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is (100:1) to (1:100). Within this range, if the mass of the bridging molecule is greater than the mass of the polyamide amine polymer, the metal ions can be locked by the stronger metal binding of the bridging molecule with more metal ions. If the mass of the bridging molecule is less than the mass of the polyamide amine polymer, the water molecules entering the functional layer can be locked by the larger amount of polyamide amine polymer inside, preventing the metal ions from forming hydrated ions and escaping after exposure to water and oxygen. Both methods can achieve better metal ion locking.

[0054] In some alternative embodiments, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is any one of (100:1), (90:1), (80:1), (70:1), (60:1), (50:1), (40:1), (30:1), (20:1), (10:1), (1:1), (1:10), (1:20), (1:30), (1:40), (1:50), (1:60), (1:70), (1:80), (1:90), (1:100), or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0055] In this embodiment, the functional layer further includes a functional material, and the mass ratio of the functional material to the composite material is (100:0.01) to (100:10). Within this range, the metal cations escaping from the functional material can be locked by the composite material, preventing the metal ions from escaping outside the device.

[0056] In some alternative embodiments, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is any one of (100:0.01), (100:0.1), (100:1), (100:2), (100:3), (100:4), (100:5), (100:6), (100:7), (100:8), (100:9), (100:10), or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0057] It should be noted that, in addition to light-emitting devices, photovoltaic devices containing metal material films and field-effect transistors can also be doped with the above-mentioned composite materials. For example, perovskite photovoltaic cells, perovskite photovoltaic light-emitting diodes, perovskite field-effect transistors, quantum dot photovoltaic cells, quantum dot light-emitting diodes and quantum dot field-effect transistors are prepared using Pd-based perovskite, Cd quantum dot and other film layers.

[0058] In one embodiment, taking the light-emitting device as an example, the first electrode in the above embodiment is the anode and the second electrode is the cathode, combined with... Figure 1 The specific structure of the quantum dot electroluminescent device is described below. The quantum dot electroluminescent device includes a substrate 100, an anode layer 200, a hole injection layer 300, a hole transport layer 400, a quantum dot light-emitting layer 500, an electron transport layer 600, and a cathode layer 700. That is, the functional layer includes the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500.

[0059] Specifically, the substrate 100 includes a substrate and a TFT array. The substrate can be a rigid glass substrate or a flexible substrate, such as a substrate made of PET or PI materials. An anode layer 200 is disposed on the substrate 100, and the anode layer 200 is connected to the drain of the substrate 100. The anode layer 200 is sequentially disposed with a hole injection layer 300, a hole transport layer 400, a quantum dot light-emitting layer 500, an electron transport layer 600, and a cathode layer 700, that is, the functional layer includes the hole injection layer 300, the hole transport layer 400, the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500, and the electron transport layer 600.

[0060] In this embodiment, the material of the quantum dot light-emitting layer is doped with the composite material; by doping the material of the quantum dot light-emitting layer, metal ions in the quantum dot layer are locked, effectively suppressing the leakage of metals such as Cd, and obtaining an environmentally friendly quantum dot electroluminescent device.

[0061] In another embodiment, the functional layer includes not only the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500, but also a composite material layer (not shown in the figure), with at least one side of the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500 having the composite material layer. That is, the composite material layer can be disposed between the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500 and the hole transport layer 400, or between the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500 and the electron transport layer 600.

[0062] When the quantum dot light-emitting layer 500 is a multilayer structure, the composite material layer can also be disposed within the multilayer structure.

[0063] In some embodiments, the material of the quantum dot luminescent layer includes at least one of single-structure quantum dots, core-shell structure quantum dots, and perovskite nanoparticles. The single-structure quantum dot material is selected from at least one of group II-VI compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, and group I-III-VI compounds. Specifically, the group II-VI compounds are selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, and HgSTe. CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and HgZnSTe, wherein the IV-VI compound is selected from at least one of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, S At least one of nPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and SnPbSTe, wherein the III-V compound is selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInN At least one of P, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb, wherein the I-III-VI group compound is selected from at least one of CuInS2, CuInSe2, and AgInS2; the core of the core-shell quantum dot includes any one of the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots, and the shell material of the core-shell quantum dot includes at least one of CdS, CdTe, CdSeTe, CdZnSe, CdZnS, CdSeS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnS, and the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots;The organic light-emitting layer is made of at least one of the following materials: 4,4'-bis(N-carbazole)-1,1'-biphenyl:tris[2-(p-tolyl)pyridine-C2,N)iridium(III), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine:tris[2-(p-tolyl)pyridine-C2,N)iridium, diaromatic anthracene derivatives, stilbene aromatic derivatives, pyrene derivatives, fluorene derivatives, TBPe fluorescent materials, TTPX fluorescent materials, TBRb fluorescent materials and DBP fluorescent materials, polyacetylene and its derivatives, poly(p-phenylene) and its derivatives, polythiophene and its derivatives, and polyfluorene and its derivatives; the perovskite nanoparticle material is selected from at least one of the organometal halide semiconductor materials ABX3, wherein A is an organic group, B is a metal element, and X is a halogen element.

[0064] In other embodiments, in quantum dot electroluminescent devices, in addition to the quantum dot light-emitting layer, if the hole transport layer, hole injection layer, electron transport layer, electron injection layer or other functional layers (such as interface layers, passivation layers, etc. attached to the aforementioned layers) contain metal elements, the polyamide amine polymer and the bridging molecule may also be doped.

[0065] In some embodiments, the first electrode and the second electrode are each selected from one or more of a metal electrode, a silicon-carbon electrode, a doped or undoped metal oxide electrode, and a composite electrode; wherein, the material of the metal electrode is selected from at least one of Al, Ag, Cu, Mo, Au, Ba, Ca, and Mg; the material of the silicon-carbon electrode is selected from at least one of silicon, graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon fiber; the material of the doped or undoped metal oxide electrode is selected from at least one of ITO, FTO, ATO, AZO, GZO, IZO, MZO, and AMO; and the material of the composite electrode is selected from at least one of AZO / Ag / AZO, AZO / Al / AZO, ITO / Ag / ITO, ITO / Al / ITO, ZnO / Ag / ZnO, ZnO / Al / ZnO, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, TiO2 / Al / TiO2, ZnS / Ag / ZnS, ZnS / Al / ZnS, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, and TiO2 / Al / TiO2.

[0066] In some embodiments, the hole injection layer 300 is selected from at least one of high-conductivity organic molecular materials, transition metal oxides, and transition metal sulfur compounds; the high-conductivity organic molecular material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone-dimethylethane, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene, copper polyester carbonate, free phthalocyanine (H2PC), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), platinum phthalocyanine (… PtPC), titanyl phthalocyanine (TiOPC), 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene (HAT-CN), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-benzodiquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ), N,N'-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB-DPA), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)-4-biphenyl)-benzidine (Di-NPB), N,N'-di(phenyl) )-N,N′-bis(4′-(N,N-bis(phenylamino)-4-biphenyl)benzidine (TPT1), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]benzidine (NTNPB), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (MeO-TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4'4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (NA) The transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of TA), N2,N2'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(9,9-dimethyl-N2,N7,N7-triphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine)(3DMFL-BPA), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanodimethyl-p-benzoquinone (F4-TCNQ); the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of NiO, MoO3, WO3, CuO, Cu2O; the transition metal sulfur compound is selected from at least one of MoS2, MoSe2, WS3, WSe3, CuS.

[0067] In some embodiments, the hole transport layer 400 is made of materials including poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine), poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), 4,4'-cyclohexylbis[N,N-di(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB), N,N'-di(naphthyl-2-yl)-N,N'-di(phenyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (B-NPB), and N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirodi[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (Spiro-NPB), N2,N7-DI-1-naphthyl-N2,N7,9,9-tetraphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DPFL-NPB), 9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DOFL-NPB), N4,N4'-di(4-vinylphenyl)-N4,N4'-di-1-naphthylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (VNPB), 3,6-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazole-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Tris-PCz), 9,1-dihydro -9,9-Dimethyl-1-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-pyridine (PCzAc), N-biphenyl-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluorene-2-amine (PCbz-PA1), 9,9-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-TPD), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (Spiro-TPD), N N,N',N'-Tetra(2-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (β-TNB), 2,2',7,7'-tetra(diphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobisfluorene (Spiro-TAD), N,N'-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (BF-DPB), N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylbenzidinediamine (BPBPA), 4,4'-(diphenylmethylene)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TCBPA), 9,9-bis[4-[bis(bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]phenyl]fluorene (BPAPF), tri(4-biphenyl)amine (TBA), 4,4'-(diphenylsilanediyl)bis(N,N-Diphenylaniline (TSBPA), 4,4'-(9H-fluorene-9-alkylene)bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-aniline (DTAF), polyvinylcarbazole, poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine, 4,4'-di(9-carbazole)biphenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, doped graphene, undoped graphene, and C, 60 At least one of them.

[0068] In addition, the material of the hole transport layer 400 may also be an inorganic hole transport material, which includes at least one of doped or undoped NiO, WO3, MoO3 and CuO.

[0069] In some embodiments, the material of the electron transport layer 600 is selected from doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles; wherein the metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide; the doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium.

[0070] In some embodiments, an electron injection layer is further included between the electron transport layer 600 and the cathode layer 700. The material of the electron injection layer is selected from one or more of doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc tin sulfide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, copper indium sulfide, copper gallium sulfide, and barium titanate. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide. The doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium.

[0071] This application also provides a method for fabricating a light-emitting device, such as... Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps S1 to S4:

[0072] Step S1, providing a preform having a first electrode and an ink containing metal ions and a composite material, the composite material containing negatively charged groups.

[0073] Step S2: Apply the ink to the preform.

[0074] Step S3: Solute removal treatment to obtain a functional layer, wherein the negatively charged groups in the functional layer are combined with the metal ions;

[0075] Step S4: A second electrode is disposed on the functional layer to obtain the light-emitting device.

[0076] In some embodiments, the composite material comprises a polyamide-amine polymer and a bridging molecule, the bridging molecule having the negatively charged group; the bridging molecule also has a positively charged group, the positively charged group in the functional layer being bonded to the polyamide-amine polymer.

[0077] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer ranges from (100:1) to (1:100). Within this range, if the mass of the bridging molecule is greater than the mass of the polyamide amine polymer, the metal ions can be locked by the stronger metal binding of the bridging molecule with more metal ions. If the mass of the bridging molecule is less than the mass of the polyamide amine polymer, the water molecules entering the functional layer can be locked by the larger amount of polyamide amine polymer inside, preventing the metal ions from forming hydrated ions and escaping after exposure to water and oxygen. Both methods can achieve better metal ion locking.

[0078] In some alternative embodiments, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is any one of (100:1), (90:1), (80:1), (70:1), (60:1), (50:1), (40:1), (30:1), (20:1), (10:1), (1:1), (1:10), (1:20), (1:30), (1:40), (1:50), (1:60), (1:70), (1:80), (1:90), (1:100), or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0079] In some embodiments, the total doping concentration of the polyamide amine polymer and the bridging molecule in the functional ink is 0.01 mg / ml to 10 mg / ml. Within this range, it can be ensured that the polyamide amine polymer and the bridging molecule can effectively lock the metal ions in the functional layer without adversely affecting the function of the functional layer itself.

[0080] In some alternative embodiments, the total doping concentration of the polyamide amine polymer and the bridging molecule in the functional ink is any one of the following ratios: 0.01 mg / ml, 0.1 mg / ml, 1 mg / ml, 2 mg / ml, 3 mg / ml, 4 mg / ml, 5 mg / ml, 6 mg / ml, 7 mg / ml, 8 mg / ml, 9 mg / ml, 10 mg / ml, or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0081] In some embodiments, the functional layer further includes a functional material, wherein the mass ratio of the functional material to the composite material is (100:0.01) to (100:10); within this range, metal cations escaping from the functional material can be effectively fixed by the composite material, preventing metal ions from escaping outside the device.

[0082] In some alternative embodiments, the mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is any one of (100:0.01), (100:0.1), (100:1), (100:2), (100:3), (100:4), (100:5), (100:6), (100:7), (100:8), (100:9), (100:10), or a range between any two of the aforementioned ratios.

[0083] In some embodiments, the bridging molecule is one or more of enols, ammonium salts, amino acids, nucleotide bases, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, and polyamine carboxylic acids.

[0084] In some embodiments, the enol includes at least one of ethylene alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol.

[0085] In some embodiments, the ammonium salt includes at least one selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ammonium sulfate.

[0086] In some embodiments, the amino acid includes at least one selected from glycine, alanine, serine, lysine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine.

[0087] In some embodiments, the nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil.

[0088] In some embodiments, the polysaccharide includes chitosan.

[0089] In some embodiments, the oligopeptide includes at least one of dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide, pentapeptide, hexapeptide, heptapeptide, octapeptide, nonapeptide, and decapeptide.

[0090] In some embodiments, the polyamine carboxylic acid includes at least one of N,N-diacetamide, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, triacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

[0091] In some embodiments, the ammonium salt includes at least one of ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, and ferric ammonium sulfate.

[0092] In some embodiments, the amino acid includes at least one selected from lysine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine.

[0093] In some embodiments, the nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, and uracil.

[0094] In some embodiments, the polysaccharide includes at least chitosan.

[0095] Specifically, the light-emitting device after the functional layer is fabricated is transferred to a vacuum evaporation chamber for metal deposition to form the second electrode. In other embodiments, the second electrode can also be formed by metal sputtering. In this embodiment, the material of the second electrode includes one or more of metals, carbon materials, and metal oxides. The metals include one or more of Al, Ag, Cu, Mo, Au, Ba, Ca, Yb, and Mg. The carbon materials include one or more of graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon fibers. The metal oxides include doped or undoped metal oxides, including one or more of ITO, FTO, ATO, AZO, GZO, IZO, MZO, and AMO, or composite electrodes consisting of metal sandwiched between doped or undoped transparent metal oxides. The composite electrodes include one or more of AZO / Ag / AZO, AZO / Al / AZO, ITO / Ag / ITO, ITO / Al / ITO, ZnO / Ag / ZnO, ZnO / Al / ZnO, ZnS / Ag / ZnS, ZnS / Al / ZnS, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, and TiO2 / Al / TiO2.

[0096] In some embodiments, the light-emitting device is a quantum dot electroluminescent device, the functional layer is a quantum dot light-emitting layer, and the preform may further include a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, combined with... Figure 3 The method further includes the preparation of preforms, specifically comprising steps S11 to S13:

[0097] Step S11: Provide a substrate and deposit the first electrode on the substrate; the first electrode is deposited on the substrate by a sputtering process or a vapor deposition process.

[0098] In some embodiments, the material of the first electrode includes one or more of metals, carbon materials, and metal oxides. The metals include one or more of Al, Ag, Cu, Mo, Au, Ba, Ca, Yb, and Mg. The carbon materials include one or more of graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon fibers. The metal oxides include doped or undoped metal oxides, including one or more of ITO, FTO, ATO, AZO, GZO, IZO, MZO, and AMO, or a composite electrode consisting of a metal sandwiched between doped or undoped transparent metal oxides. The composite electrode includes one or more of AZO / Ag / AZO, AZO / Al / AZO, ITO / Ag / ITO, ITO / Al / ITO, ZnO / Ag / ZnO, ZnO / Al / ZnO, ZnS / Ag / ZnS, ZnS / Al / ZnS, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, and TiO2 / Al / TiO2.

[0099] Step S12: A functional solution formed according to the hole injection material is placed on the first electrode using a solution method and then vacuum dried to form a hole injection layer. The material of the hole injection layer includes at least one of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone-dimethane, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzphenanthrene, copper carbonate polyester, MoO3, WO3, and transition metal oxides and transition metal sulfur compounds. The transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of NiOx, MoOx, WOx, CrOx, or CuOx, and the transition metal sulfur compound is selected from at least one of MoSx, MoSex, WSx, Wsex, or CuSx.

[0100] Step S13: A functional solution formed according to the hole transport material is applied to the hole injection layer using a solution method, and then vacuum dried to form the hole transport layer, thereby obtaining the preform. The hole injection layer is selected from at least one of high-conductivity organic molecular materials, transition metal oxides, and transition metal sulfur compounds. The high-conductivity organic molecular material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone-dimethane, and 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9 ,12-Hexaazabenzanphenanthrene, copper polyester carbonate, free phthalocyanine (H2PC), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), platinum phthalocyanine (PtPC), titanium phthalocyanine (TiOPC), 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzanphenanthrene (HAT-CN), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-benzoquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ), N,N'-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB-DPA), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)- 4-Biphenyl)-benzidine (Di-NPB), N,N′-di(phenyl)-N,N′-di(4′-(N,N-di(phenylamino)-4-biphenyl)benzidine (TPT1), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di-[4-(N,N-di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]benzidine (NTNPB), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (MeO-TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4'4"-tris(N,N) At least one of the following: N2,N2'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(9,9-dimethyl-N2,N7,N7-triphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine) (3DMFL-BPA), and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanodimethyl-p-benzoquinone (F4-TCNQ); the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of NiO, MoO3, WO3, CuO, and Cu2O; the transition metal sulfur compound is selected from at least one of MoS2, MoSe2, WS3, WSe3, and CuS.

[0101] The hole transport layer is made of at least one of organic hole transport materials and inorganic hole transport materials. The organic hole transport materials include poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine), poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), 4,4'-cyclohexylbis[N,N-di(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB), and N,N'-di(naphthyl-2-yl)-N,N' -Di(phenyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (B-NPB), N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirodi[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (Spiro-NPB), N2,N7-DI-1-naphthyl-N2,N7,9,9-tetraphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DPFL-NPB), 9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N'-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DOFL-NPB), N4,N4'-di(4-vinylphenyl)-N4,N4'-di-1-naphthylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (VNPB), 3,6- Bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Tris-PCz), 9,1-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-1-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-pyridine (PCzAc), N-biphenyl-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluorene-2-amine (PCbz-PA1), 9,9-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-TPD), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (T PD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (Spiro-TPD), N,N,N',N'-tetra(2-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (β-TNB), 2,2',7,7'-tetra(diphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TAD), N,N'-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (BF-DPB), N,N,N',N'-tetraphenylbenzidinediamine (BPBPA), 4,4'-(diphenylmethylene)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TCBPA), 9,9-Di[4-[di(bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]phenyl]fluorene (BPAPF), tri(4-biphenyl)amine (TBA), 4,4'-(diphenylsilanediyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TSBPA), 4,4'-(9H-fluorene-9-alkylene)bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-benzylamine (DTAF), polyvinylcarbazole, poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzylamine Poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine, 4,4'-di(9-carbazole)biphenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, doped graphene, undoped graphene, and C, 60 The inorganic hole transport material includes at least one of the following: doped or undoped NiO, WO3, MoO3, and CuO.

[0102] It should be noted that the solution method in the above steps includes at least one of the following: sol-gel method, printing, inkjet printing, spin coating, and coating.

[0103] In some embodiments, steps S12 and S13 are optional steps, meaning that either a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer can be set, or neither can be set.

[0104] In some embodiments, before fabricating the second electrode, the method further includes fabricating an electron transport layer and / or an electron injection layer on the functional layer, and then fabricating the second electrode on the electron transport layer or the electron injection layer. In this embodiment, the material of the electron transport layer is selected from doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles; wherein, the metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide; the doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium. The material of the electron injection layer is selected from one or more of doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc tin sulfide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, copper indium sulfide, copper gallium sulfide, and barium titanate; the metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide; the doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium.

[0105] This application also provides an electronic device, including a light-emitting device prepared by the method described above, or a light-emitting device prepared as described above. In this embodiment, the electronic device may specifically be a display device or a photovoltaic power generation device, etc.

[0106] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments of quantum dot electroluminescent devices.

[0107] Example 1

[0108] Provide an anode ITO array substrate;

[0109] A hole injection layer is formed by printing PEDOT:PSS ink on the substrate, and then subjected to high vacuum for 10 seconds. -6 The solvent was removed by Pa treatment for 10 minutes.

[0110] TFB ink is printed on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer, and then subjected to high vacuum for 10 seconds. -6 The solvent was removed by Pa treatment for 10 minutes.

[0111] A 40 nm thick quantum dot film was prepared on the hole transport layer using quantum dot ink doped with vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer, wherein vinyl alcohol is the bridging molecule, the mass ratio of vinyl alcohol to polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml. The film was then thermally annealed at 120 °C for 10 min to obtain a quantum dot light-emitting layer doped with vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer.

[0112] ZnO ink was printed on the quantum dot light-emitting layer to form an electron transport layer, and then subjected to high vacuum for 10 hours. -6 The solvent was removed by Pa treatment for 10 minutes.

[0113] The substrate is transferred to a vacuum evaporation chamber for Ag evaporation to form a cathode;

[0114] The vapor-deposited device is then packaged to obtain a quantum dot electroluminescent device.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the total doping concentration of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 0.1 mg / ml.

[0117] Example 3

[0118] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the total doping concentration of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 10 mg / ml.

[0119] Example 4

[0120] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the mass ratio of vinyl alcohol to polyamide amine polymer is 100:1.

[0121] Example 5

[0122] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the mass ratio of vinyl alcohol to polyamide amine polymer is 1:100.

[0123] Example 6

[0124] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the bridging molecule vinyl alcohol is replaced with ammonium acetate, that is, the mass ratio of ammonium acetate to polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of ammonium acetate and polyamide amine polymer in quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0125] Example 7

[0126] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the bridging molecule vinyl alcohol is replaced with a dipeptide, that is, the mass ratio of the dipeptide to the polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of the dipeptide and the polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0127] Example 8

[0128] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the bridging molecule vinyl alcohol is replaced with glycine, that is, the mass ratio of glycine to polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of glycine and polyamide amine polymer in quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0129] Example 9

[0130] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the bridging molecule vinyl alcohol is replaced with ethylenediamine diacetic acid, that is, the mass ratio of ethylenediamine diacetic acid to polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of ethylenediamine diacetic acid and polyamide amine polymer in quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0131] Example 10

[0132] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the bridging molecule vinyl alcohol is replaced with guanine, that is, the mass ratio of guanine to polyamide amine polymer is 1:1, and the total doping concentration of guanine and polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0133] Comparative Example 1

[0134] Unlike Example 1, the quantum dot ink used to prepare the quantum dot luminescent layer in this example does not contain vinyl alcohol or polyamide amine polymers.

[0135] Comparative Example 2

[0136] Unlike Example 1, in this example, the quantum dot ink used to prepare the quantum dot luminescent layer is doped with polyamide amine polymer, and the total doping concentration of polyamide amine polymer in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0137] Comparative Example 3

[0138] Unlike Example 1, the quantum dot ink used to prepare the quantum dot luminescent layer in this example is doped with only ethylene alcohol, and the total doping concentration of ethylene alcohol in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0139] Comparative Example 4

[0140] Unlike Example 1, the quantum dot ink used to prepare the quantum dot luminescent layer in this example does not contain vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymers. Instead, ammonium acetate is doped into the quantum dot ink, and the total concentration of ammonium acetate in the quantum dot ink is 1 mg / ml.

[0141] Comparative Example 4

[0142] Unlike Example 1, the quantum dot ink used to prepare the quantum dot luminescent layer in this example does not contain doped vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymers. Instead, dipeptides are doped into the quantum dot ink, with a total doping concentration of 1 mg / ml. The photoelectric performance of the quantum dot electroluminescent devices described in Examples 1-10 and Comparative Examples 1-5 was tested, and the device performance is shown in Table 1.

[0143] Table 1

[0144]

[0145]

[0146] In the table, EQE represents device efficiency, and LT95 represents device lifetime.

[0147] As can be seen from the table and figures, in Examples 1 to 5, by doping the quantum dot ink with vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer, although the doping concentrations of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer relative to the quantum dot ink are different (Examples 1-3), or the mass ratios of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer are different (Examples 4-5), the efficiency and lifetime of the quantum dot electroluminescent devices in Examples 1 to 5 are significantly improved compared to Comparative Example 1 without vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer, Comparative Example 2 with only polyamide amine polymer, and Comparative Example 3 with only vinyl alcohol. The reason is that the simultaneous doping of vinyl alcohol and polyamide amine polymer suppresses the leakage of metal elements in the quantum dot light-emitting layer, reduces the erosion of free metal elements into other functional layers, thereby reducing non-radiative recombination sites and increasing the efficiency and lifetime of the quantum dot electroluminescent device.

[0148] In Example 6, the bridging molecule was replaced with ammonium acetate instead of vinyl alcohol. Compared with Comparative Example 1 (without ammonium acetate and polyamide amine polymer) and Comparative Example 3 (with only ammonium acetate), the quantum dot electroluminescent device prepared in Example 6 showed a significant improvement in efficiency and lifetime. This is because the co-doped ammonium acetate and polyamide amine polymer work together to suppress the leakage of metal elements in the quantum dot light-emitting layer, reduce the erosion of free metal elements into other functional layers, thereby reducing non-radiative recombination sites and increasing the efficiency and lifetime of the quantum dot electroluminescent device.

[0149] In Examples 7 to 10, the bridging molecules were replaced by dipeptide, ethylenediamine diacetic acid, and guanine, respectively. Compared with Comparative Example 1, the quantum dot electroluminescent devices prepared in Examples 7 to 10 showed significantly improved efficiency and lifetime. This is because these bridging molecules, in combination with polyamide-amine polymers, suppressed the leakage of metal elements from the quantum dot light-emitting layer, reduced the erosion of free metal elements into other functional layers, thereby reducing non-radiative recombination sites and increasing the efficiency and lifetime of the quantum dot electroluminescent devices.

[0150] Furthermore, puncture experiments were conducted on quantum dot electroluminescent devices, and the following examples and comparative examples illustrate the effect of composite materials on the curing of metal ions after puncture of quantum dot electroluminescent devices.

[0151] Example 11

[0152] Using CdS quantum dots as the light-emitting layer of a quantum dot electroluminescent device, the light-emitting layer in this embodiment contains a composite material, which includes polyamide-amine polymers and polyvinyl alcohol bridging molecules, such as... Figure 4 As shown, a 3mm diameter needle was used to pierce the complete device, introducing a 3×3 array of holes. Then, the physically damaged quantum dot electroluminescent device was immersed in 1L of deionized water to simulate the metal leakage of the quantum dot electroluminescent device when used in an external environment.

[0153] Example 12

[0154] Unlike Example 11, the composite material in this example includes polyamide amine polymer and dipeptide bridging molecules.

[0155] Example 13

[0156] Unlike Example 11, the composite material in this example includes a polyamide amine polymer and an ammonium acetate bridging molecule.

[0157] Example 14

[0158] Unlike Example 11, the composite material in this example includes polyamide amine polymer and glycine bridging molecules.

[0159] Comparative Example 6

[0160] Compared to Example 11, this comparative example does not use composite materials.

[0161] Comparative Example 7

[0162] Compared to Example 11, this comparative example adds polyamide amine polymer but does not add bridging molecules.

[0163] Comparative Example 8

[0164] Compared to Example 11, this comparative example does not include polyamide amine polymers, but adds bridging molecules such as polyvinyl alcohol.

[0165] For Examples 11-14 and Comparative Examples 6-8 above, the lead concentration in the liquid was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after 3 hours. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0166] Table 2

[0167] Cd concentration (ppm) Example 11 0.010 Example 12 0.007 Example 13 0.021 Example 14 0.003 Comparative Example 6 0.939 Comparative Example 7 0.362 Comparative Example 8 0.416

[0168] As can be seen from the table and figures, the Cd concentration in Examples 11 to 14 was significantly reduced compared to Comparative Examples 6 to 8. This shows that the introduction of bridging molecules and polyamide amine polymers into quantum dot electroluminescent devices suppressed the leakage of metal elements from the quantum dot light-emitting layer to the outside of the quantum dot electroluminescent device.

[0169] Obviously, the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. The accompanying drawings show preferred embodiments of this application, but do not limit the patent scope of this application. This application can be implemented in many different forms; rather, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to provide a more thorough and comprehensive understanding of the disclosure of this application. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing specific embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any equivalent structures made using the content of this application's specification and drawings, directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are similarly within the scope of patent protection of this application.

Claims

1. A light-emitting device, characterized in that, It includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer comprises metal ions and a composite material containing negatively charged groups, wherein the negatively charged groups are bonded to the metal ions.

2. The light-emitting device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite material comprises a polyamide amine polymer and a bridging molecule, wherein the bridging molecule contains the negatively charged group.

3. The light-emitting device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is (100:1) to (1:100); and / or The binding energy between the negatively charged group and the metal ion is 1.5 eV to 4 eV.

4. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The bridging molecules include one or more of the following: enols, ammonium salts, amino acids, nucleotide bases, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, and polyamine carboxylic acids.

5. The light-emitting device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The enol includes at least one of vinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol; and / or, The ammonium salt includes at least one selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ammonium sulfate; and / or, The amino acid includes at least one selected from glycine, alanine, serine, lysine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine; and / or, The nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil; and / or, The polysaccharide includes chitosan; and / or, The oligopeptides include at least one of dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, hexapeptides, heptapeptides, octapeptides, nonapeptides, and decapeptides; and / or, The polyamine carboxylic acid includes at least one of N,N-diacetamide, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, triacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

6. The light-emitting device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first electrode is the anode, and the second electrode is the cathode; and / or, The metal ions include one or more selected from chromium ions, copper ions, silver ions, lead ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, manganese ions, cadmium ions, mercury ions, and molybdenum ions; and / or, The functional layer includes a quantum dot luminescent layer, the quantum dot luminescent layer includes a functional material, and the functional material of the quantum dot luminescent layer is doped with the composite material; or the functional layer includes a quantum dot luminescent layer and a composite material layer, at least one side of the quantum dot luminescent layer has the composite material layer, the quantum dot luminescent layer includes a functional material, and the composite material layer includes the composite material.

7. The light-emitting device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The quantum dot luminescent layer is made of at least one of single-structure quantum dots, core-shell structure quantum dots, and perovskite nanoparticles. The single-structure quantum dot material is selected from at least one of group II-VI compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, and group I-III-VI compounds. Specifically, the group II-VI compounds are selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, CdS, CdSe, CdZnTe, CdSe ... The group IV-VI compound is selected from at least one of dHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and HgZnSTe, wherein the compound is selected from at least one of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and SnPbSTe. , the III-V group compound is selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPS b. InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNAs, I At least one of nAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb, wherein the group I-III-VI compound is selected from at least one of CuInS2, CuInSe2, and AgInS2; the core of the core-shell quantum dot comprises any one of the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots, and the shell material of the core-shell quantum dot comprises at least one of CdS, CdTe, CdSeTe, CdZnSe, CdZnS, CdSeS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnS, and the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots; the perovskite nanoparticle material is selected from at least one of the organometal halide semiconductor materials ABX3, wherein A is an organic group, B is a metal element, and X is a halogen element; and / or, The material of the first electrode and / or the second electrode includes one or more of metals, carbon materials, and metal oxides. The metals include one or more of Al, Ag, Cu, Mo, Au, Ba, Ca, Yb, and Mg. The carbon materials include one or more of graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon fibers. The metal oxides include doped or undoped metal oxides, including one or more of ITO, FTO, ATO, AZO, GZO, IZO, MZO, and AMO, or composite electrodes consisting of metal sandwiched between doped or undoped transparent metal oxides. These composite electrodes include one or more of AZO / Ag / AZO, AZO / Al / AZO, ITO / Ag / ITO, ITO / Al / ITO, ZnO / Ag / ZnO, ZnO / Al / ZnO, ZnS / Ag / ZnS, ZnS / Al / ZnS, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, and TiO2 / Al / TiO2; and / or... The functional layer further includes a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer is selected from at least one of high-conductivity organic molecular materials, transition metal oxides, and transition metal sulfide compounds. The high-conductivity organic molecular material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone-dimethylethane, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene, copper polyester carbonate, free phthalocyanine (H2PC), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), platinum phthalocyanine (PtPC), and titanium dioxide phthalocyanine (T). iOPC), 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene (HAT-CN), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-benzodiquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ), N,N'-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB-DPA), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)-4-biphenyl)-benzidine (Di-NPB), N,N'-di(phenyl)-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)-4-biphenyl)-benzidine (TPT1), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di- [4-(N,N-di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]benzidine (NTNPB), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (MeO-TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4'4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (NATA), N2,N2'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(9,9-dimethyl-N2,N7,N7-triphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine) (3DMFL-BPA), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanide At least one of dimethyl-p-benzoquinone (F4-TCNQ); the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of NiO, MoO3, WO3, CuO, and Cu2O; the transition metal sulfide compound is selected from at least one of MoS2, MoSe2, WS3, WSe3, and CuS; the hole transport layer material includes at least one of organic hole transport materials and inorganic hole transport materials, wherein the organic hole transport material includes poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine), poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), 4,4'-Cyclohexylbis[N,N-di(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB), N,N'-di(naphthyl-2-yl)-N,N'-di(phenyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (B-NPB), N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirobis[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (Spiro-NPB), N2,N7-DI-1-naphthyl-N2,N7,9,9-tetraphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DPFL-NPB), 9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N' -Diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DOFL-NPB), N4,N4'-di(4-vinylphenyl)-N4,N4'-di-1-naphthylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (VNPB), 3,6-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Tris-PCz), 9,1-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-1-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-pyridine (PCzAc), N-biphenyl-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluorene-2-amine (PCbz-PA1), 9,9-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'- Diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-TPD), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (Spiro-TPD), N,N,N',N'-tetra(2-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (β-TNB), 2,2',7,7'-tetra(diphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TAD), N,N'-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (BF-DPB), N,N, N',N'-Tetraphenylbenzidine diamine (BPBPA), 4,4'-(diphenylmethylene)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TCBPA), 9,9-bis[4-[bis(bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]phenyl]fluorene (BPAPF), tris(4-biphenyl)amine (TBA), 4,4'-(diphenylsilanediyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TSBPA), 4,4'-(9H-fluorene-9-alkylene)bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-benzylamine (DTAF), polyvinylcarbazole, poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine), 4,4',4”-Tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine, 4,4'-Di(9-carbazole)biphenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, doped graphene, undoped graphene, and C, 60 At least one of the following, wherein the inorganic hole transport material comprises at least one of doped or undoped NiO, WO3, MoO3, and CuO; and / or, The functional layer further includes an electron transport layer and / or an electron injection layer disposed between the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the second electrode. The materials of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer are selected from one or more of doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc tin sulfide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, copper indium sulfide, copper gallium sulfide, and barium titanate. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide. The doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium.

8. A light-emitting device, characterized in that, The device includes a first electrode, a functional layer, and a second electrode stacked sequentially. The functional layer comprises a composite material containing a polyamide amine polymer and a bridging molecule. The bridging molecule has a positively charged group, which is bonded to the polyamide amine polymer.

9. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The positively charged group includes one or more of ammonium ions, α-hydrogen, and protonated amino groups.

10. The light-emitting device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The positively charged groups account for 0.01% to 5% of the mass of the functional layer.

11. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that, The bridging molecule also has negatively charged groups, and the functional layer further includes metal ions; The negatively charged group binds to the metal ion.

12. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is (100:1) to (1:100); and / or The functional layer further includes functional materials, wherein the mass ratio of the functional materials to the composite material is (100:0.01) to (100:10); and / or The metal ions include one or more of the following: chromium ions, copper ions, silver ions, lead ions, cobalt ions, nickel ions, manganese ions, cadmium ions, mercury ions, and molybdenum ions; and / or The binding energy between the negatively charged group and the metal ion is 1.5 eV to 4 eV.

13. The light-emitting device according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that, The bridging molecules include one or more of the following: enols, ammonium salts, amino acids, nucleotide bases, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, and polyamine carboxylic acids.

14. The light-emitting device according to claim 13, characterized in that, The enol includes at least one of vinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol; and / or, The ammonium salt includes at least one selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ammonium sulfate; and / or, The amino acid includes at least one selected from glycine, alanine, serine, lysine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine; and / or, The nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil; and / or, The polysaccharide includes chitosan; and / or, The oligopeptides include at least one of dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, hexapeptides, heptapeptides, octapeptides, nonapeptides, and decapeptides; and / or, The polyamine carboxylic acid includes at least one of N,N-diacetamide, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, triacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

15. The light-emitting device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first electrode is the anode, and the second electrode is the cathode; and / or The functional layer includes a quantum dot luminescent layer, the quantum dot luminescent layer includes a functional material, and the functional material of the quantum dot luminescent layer is doped with the composite material; or, the functional layer includes a quantum dot luminescent layer and a composite material layer, at least one side of the quantum dot luminescent layer has the composite material layer, the quantum dot luminescent layer includes a functional material, and the composite material layer includes the composite material.

16. The light-emitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The quantum dot luminescent layer is made of at least one of single-structure quantum dots, core-shell structure quantum dots, and perovskite nanoparticles. The single-structure quantum dot material is selected from at least one of group II-VI compounds, group IV-VI compounds, group III-V compounds, and group I-III-VI compounds. Specifically, the group II-VI compounds are selected from CdS, CdSe, CdTe, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, ZnO, HgS, HgSe, HgTe, CdSeS, CdSeTe, CdSTe, ZnSeS, ZnSeTe, ZnSTe, HgSeS, HgSeTe, HgSTe, CdZnS, CdZnSe, CdZnTe, and CdZnTe. CdHgS, CdHgSe, CdHgTe, HgZnS, HgZnSe, HgZnTe, CdZnSeS, CdZnSeTe, CdZnSTe, CdHgSeS, CdHgSeTe, CdHgSTe, HgZnSeS, HgZnSeTe, and HgZnSTe, wherein the IV-VI compound is selected from at least one of SnS, SnSe, SnTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, SnSeS, SnSeTe, SnSTe, PbSeS, PbSeTe, PbSTe, SnPbS, SnPbSe, SnPbTe, SnPbSSe, SnPbSeTe, and SnPbSTe. One of the III-V compounds is selected from GaN, GaP, GaAs, GaSb, AlN, AlP, AlAs, AlSb, InN, InP, InAs, InSb, GaNP, GaNAs, GaNSb, GaPAs, GaPSb, AlNP, AlNAs, AlNSb, AlPAs, AlPSb, InNP, InNAs, InNSb, InPAs, InPSb, GaAlNP, GaAlNAs, GaAlNSb, GaAlPAs, GaAlPSb, GaInNP, GaInNAs, GaInNSb, GaInPAs, GaInPSb, InAlNP, InAlNA The quantum dot is selected from at least one of s, InAlNSb, InAlPAs, or InAlPSb, wherein the I-III-VI group compound is selected from at least one of CuInS2, CuInSe2, and AgInS2; the core of the core-shell quantum dot includes any one of the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots, and the shell material of the core-shell quantum dot includes at least one of CdS, CdTe, CdSeTe, CdZnSe, CdZnS, CdSeS, ZnSe, ZnSeS, ZnS, and the above-mentioned single-structure quantum dots; the perovskite nanoparticle material is selected from at least one of the organometal halide semiconductor materials ABX3, wherein A is an organic group, B is a metal element, and X is a halogen element.

17. The light-emitting device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The material of the first electrode and / or the second electrode includes one or more of metals, carbon materials, and metal oxides. The metals include one or more of Al, Ag, Cu, Mo, Au, Ba, Ca, Yb, and Mg. The carbon materials include one or more of graphite, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon fibers. The metal oxides include doped or undoped metal oxides, including one or more of ITO, FTO, ATO, AZO, GZO, IZO, MZO, and AMO, or composite electrodes consisting of metal sandwiched between doped or undoped transparent metal oxides. These composite electrodes include one or more of AZO / Ag / AZO, AZO / Al / AZO, ITO / Ag / ITO, ITO / Al / ITO, ZnO / Ag / ZnO, ZnO / Al / ZnO, ZnS / Ag / ZnS, ZnS / Al / ZnS, TiO2 / Ag / TiO2, and TiO2 / Al / TiO2; and / or... The functional layer further includes a hole injection layer and / or a hole transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the quantum dot light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer is selected from at least one of high-conductivity organic molecular materials, transition metal oxides, and transition metal sulfide compounds. The high-conductivity organic molecular material is selected from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-polystyrene sulfonic acid, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanoquinone-dimethylethane, 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene, copper polyester carbonate, free phthalocyanine (H2PC), copper phthalocyanine (CuPc), platinum phthalocyanine (PtPC), and titanium dioxide phthalocyanine (T). iOPC), 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexacyano-1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazabenzophenanthrene (HAT-CN), 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-benzodiquinone dimethyl ether (TCNQ), N,N'-bis[4-(diphenylamino)phenyl]-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB-DPA), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)-4-biphenyl)-benzidine (Di-NPB), N,N'-di(phenyl)-N,N'-di(4'-(N,N-di(1-naphthyl)-amino)-4-biphenyl)-benzidine (TPT1), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di- [4-(N,N-di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]benzidine (NTNPB), N4,N4,N4',N4'-tetra(4-methoxyphenyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (MeO-TPD), 4,4',4”-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine (m-MTDATA), 4,4'4"-tris(N,N-diphenylamino)triphenylamine (NATA), N2,N2'-(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(9,9-dimethyl-N2,N7,N7-triphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine) (3DMFL-BPA), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7',8,8'-tetracyanide At least one of dimethyl-p-benzoquinone (F4-TCNQ); the transition metal oxide is selected from at least one of NiO, MoO3, WO3, CuO, and Cu2O; the transition metal sulfide compound is selected from at least one of MoS2, MoSe2, WS3, WSe3, and CuS; the hole transport layer material includes at least one of organic hole transport materials and inorganic hole transport materials, wherein the organic hole transport material includes poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-CO-N-(4-butylphenyl)diphenylamine), poly(9-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), 9,9'-(1,3-phenyl)bis-9H-carbazole (mCP), 4,4',4”-tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine (TCTA), 4,4'-Cyclohexylbis[N,N-di(4-methylphenyl)aniline] (TAPC), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (NPB), N,N'-di(naphthyl-2-yl)-N,N'-di(phenyl)biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (B-NPB), N2,N7-di-1-naphthyl-N2,N7-diphenyl-9,9'-spirobis[9H-fluorene]-2,7-diamine (Spiro-NPB), N2,N7-DI-1-naphthyl-N2,N7,9,9-tetraphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DPFL-NPB), 9,9-di(2-ethylhexyl)-N,N'-di-1-naphthyl-N,N' -Diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DOFL-NPB), N4,N4'-di(4-vinylphenyl)-N4,N4'-di-1-naphthylbiphenyl-4,4'-diamine (VNPB), 3,6-bis(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-9-phenyl-9H-carbazole (Tris-PCz), 9,1-dihydro-9,9-dimethyl-1-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)-pyridine (PCzAc), N-biphenyl-4-yl-9,9-dimethyl-N-[4-(9-phenyl-9H-carbazol-3-yl)phenyl]-9H-fluorene-2-amine (PCbz-PA1), 9,9-dimethyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'- Diphenyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diamine (DMFL-TPD), N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD), N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-N,N'-diphenyl-9,9-spirodifluorene-2,7-diamine (Spiro-TPD), N,N,N',N'-tetra(2-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (β-TNB), 2,2',7,7'-tetra(diphenylamino)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (Spiro-TAD), N,N'-bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluorene-2-yl)-N,N'-diphenylbenzidine (BF-DPB), N,N, N',N'-Tetraphenylbenzidine diamine (BPBPA), 4,4'-(diphenylmethylene)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TCBPA), 9,9-bis[4-[bis(bis(biphenyl-4-yl)amino]phenyl]fluorene (BPAPF), tris(4-biphenyl)amine (TBA), 4,4'-(diphenylsilanediyl)bis(N,N-diphenylaniline) (TSBPA), 4,4'-(9H-fluorene-9-alkylene)bis[N,N-bis(4-methylphenyl)-benzylamine (DTAF), polyvinylcarbazole, poly(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine, poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bis-N,N-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine), 4,4',4”-Tris(carbazole-9-yl)triphenylamine, 4,4'-Di(9-carbazole)biphenyl, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-di(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-(1-naphthyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine, doped graphene, undoped graphene, and C, 60 At least one of the following, wherein the inorganic hole transport material comprises at least one of doped or undoped NiO, WO3, MoO3, and CuO; and / or, The functional layer further includes an electron transport layer and / or an electron injection layer disposed between the quantum dot light-emitting layer and the second electrode. The materials of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer are selected from one or more of doped or undoped metal oxide nanoparticles, cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide, molybdenum sulfide, tungsten sulfide, copper sulfide, zinc tin sulfide, indium phosphide, gallium phosphide, copper indium sulfide, copper gallium sulfide, and barium titanate. The metal oxide nanoparticles are selected from at least one of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, tantalum oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, lithium titanium oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, zinc magnesium oxide, zinc calcium oxide, zinc manganese oxide, zinc tin oxide, zinc lithium oxide, and indium tin oxide. The doped elements include at least one of aluminum, magnesium, lithium, manganese, yttrium, lanthanum, copper, nickel, zirconium, cerium, and gadolinium.

18. A method for fabricating a light-emitting device, characterized in that, The method includes: Provides a preform having a first electrode and an ink comprising metal ions and a composite material, the composite material containing negatively charged groups; The ink is applied to the preform; The solute is removed to obtain a functional layer, wherein the negatively charged groups in the functional layer are combined with the metal ions; A second electrode is disposed on the functional layer to obtain the light-emitting device.

19. The method for fabricating a light-emitting device according to claim 18, characterized in that, The composite material comprises a polyamide amine polymer and a bridging molecule, wherein the bridging molecule has the negatively charged group; The bridging molecule also has positively charged groups, and the positively charged groups in the functional layer are combined with the polyamide amine polymer.

20. The method for preparing a light-emitting device according to claim 19, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the bridging molecule to the polyamide amine polymer is in the range of (100:1) to (1:100); and / or The total doping concentration of the polyamide amine polymer and the bridging molecule in the ink is 0.01 mg / ml to 10 mg / ml; and / or The ink also includes functional materials, and the mass ratio of the functional materials to the composite material is (100:0.01) to (100:10).

21. The method for fabricating a light-emitting device according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that, The bridging molecule is one or more selected from enols, ammonium salts, amino acids, nucleotide bases, polysaccharides, oligopeptides, and polyamine carboxylic acids. The enol includes at least one of vinyl alcohol and polyvinyl alcohol; and / or, The ammonium salt includes at least one selected from ammonium acetate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrite, ammonium carbonate, ammonium acetate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, and ferric ammonium sulfate; and / or, The amino acid includes at least one selected from lysine, glycine, alanine, serine, histidine, arginine, glutamic acid, and polylysine; and / or, The nucleotide bases include at least one of cytosine, thymine, adenine, guanine, and uracil; and / or, The polysaccharide includes at least chitosan; and / or, The oligopeptides include at least one of dipeptides, tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, hexapeptides, heptapeptides, octapeptides, nonapeptides, and decapeptides; and / or, The polyamine carboxylic acid includes at least one of N,N-diacetamide, ethylenediaminediacetic acid, triacetamide, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

22. A display device, characterized in that, It includes the light-emitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 17, or the light-emitting device prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 18 to 21.

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