Mechanical energy storage and release device and thread trimming device

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical energy storage and release device and a thread trimming device. The mechanical energy storage and release device comprises a base; the movable part can move relative to the base; the energy storage part acts between the base and the movable part and is configured to store mechanical energy for driving the movable part to move; the state switching type locking mechanism has a first mechanical state and a second mechanical state; wherein in the first mechanical state, the state switching type locking mechanism introduces geometric constraint on a force application path of the energy storage component, so that the movable part resists the acting force of the energy storage component and is locked; the state switching type locking mechanism can be switched from the first mechanical state to the second mechanical state by applying an external triggering effect; and in the second mechanical state, the geometric constraint is relieved, and the energy storage part is released and drives the movable part to move.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mechanical automation and shearing equipment technology, specifically to a mechanical energy storage and release device and a wire shearing device. Background Technology

[0002] In modern industry and special operations, the rapid and reliable cutting of cables and ropes is a critical technological step. For example, in fields such as emergency braking of special winch deployment systems, drone payload disposal, and airbag cutting, the cutting device is required not only to have enormous instantaneous shearing force to handle ultra-high strength materials such as Kevlar, but also to have extremely fast response speed, reliable operation, and the ability to self-lock or be triggered by power failure under specific working conditions.

[0003] Currently, common shearing technologies mainly fall into the following categories: 1. Hydraulic / pneumatic shearing: While providing significant shearing force, its systems are complex, including pumps, valves, and pipelines, resulting in a large volume. Response speed is affected by fluid compressibility and pipeline hysteresis, making millisecond-level action difficult, and there is a risk of leakage. 2. Electromechanical shearing: Shearing is achieved by amplifying torque through a motor-driven worm gear or gear set. Its structure is complex, with a long transmission chain, slow shearing speed, and it typically cannot maintain a locked state when the motor is powered off. 3. Electromagnet-driven shearing: Fast response, but the shearing force generated is limited, making it difficult to handle large-diameter, high-strength wires. Prolonged energization also generates heat and energy consumption. 4. Simple spring-powered shearing: While utilizing spring energy storage can achieve rapid action, its core bottleneck lies in the locking and releasing mechanism. Traditional mechanical locking methods such as hooks and pins suffer from unreliable locking (easily disengaged due to vibration), high release resistance, and incomplete action when subjected to significant spring force, leading to shearing failure or even equipment damage. Furthermore, the impact load during release poses a severe challenge to the strength and lifespan of the locking element.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies lack a wire-cutting device that can reliably store and instantaneously release enormous spring forces, while also offering precise control and a compact structure. There is an urgent need for an innovative locking and release mechanism to fundamentally resolve the contradictory problem of reliable locking under heavy loads and rapid release with low resistance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a mechanical energy storage and release device and a wire cutting device, which aims to overcome at least one related technical problem existing in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A mechanical energy storage and dissipation device, comprising: Base; The movable component is movable relative to the base; An energy storage component, acting between the base and the movable component, is configured to store the mechanical energy that drives the movable component to move; A state-switching locking mechanism, which has a first mechanical state and a second mechanical state; In the first mechanical state, the state-switching locking mechanism introduces geometric constraints on the force path of the energy storage component, so that the moving part is locked against the force of the energy storage component. By applying an external trigger, the state-switching locking mechanism can be switched from the first mechanical state to the second mechanical state; In the second mechanical state, the geometric constraints are released, the energy storage component is released, and the moving part is driven to move.

[0007] In some embodiments, the state-switching locking mechanism includes a locking element that is driven to move; in the first mechanical state, the locking element engages simultaneously with a first constraint portion disposed on the base and a second constraint portion disposed on the movable member to form the geometric constraint.

[0008] In some embodiments, the locking element is a roller.

[0009] In some embodiments, the state-switching locking mechanism includes two rollers; the external triggering action drives a wedge block located at the ends of the two rollers to move, causing the two rollers to move within a confined space, thereby realizing the switching between the first mechanical state and the second mechanical state.

[0010] In some embodiments, the drive unit for providing the external triggering action is a rotary motor, and the wedge is fixed to the output shaft of the rotary motor.

[0011] In some embodiments, the rotary motor is a servo motor.

[0012] In some embodiments, the base includes a guide post mounting plate, a mounting side plate, and a guide post fixedly connected therebetween; the movable component is a slider, which slides with the guide post via a linear bearing.

[0013] In some embodiments, the energy storage component is a spring sleeved on the guide post, with its two ends acting between the guide post mounting plate and the slider, respectively.

[0014] In some embodiments, the first constraint portion is a roller bracket with a constraint structure for accommodating the roller; the second constraint portion is a limiting boss formed on the movable member.

[0015] This embodiment also provides a wire cutting device, including any of the mechanical energy storage and release devices described above, and further including a cutting assembly. The cutting assembly includes a movable blade mounted on the movable member and a fixed blade or anvil fixed relative to the base. The movement of the movable member drives the movable blade to cooperate with the fixed blade or anvil to complete the cutting.

[0016] The beneficial effects that the mechanical energy storage device and wire cutting device disclosed in this application may bring include, but are not limited to: 1. Versatility and Adaptability: By using a pusher mechanism located on the upper plane of the end of the central beam, this invention successfully solves the technical problem that existing open wagons cannot adapt to "high-position pusher arms." It is compatible with both traditional pusher arms that act on the front face of the impact seat and pusher arms whose lowest swing position is higher than the vehicle's impact seat, greatly improving the versatility and applicability of open wagons in different tipper systems.

[0017] 2. Optimized Force Transmission Path and Structural Strength: The innovative box-type trolley mechanism and dual force transmission path (mainly composed of the central beam and supplemented by the end walls) design change the traditional single force transmission mode, effectively avoiding stress concentration and significantly reducing the risk of fatigue damage or plastic deformation in critical parts. The design of the closed box-type end beams and reinforced crossbeams together constitutes a high-rigidity base frame structure capable of withstanding trolley-pushing forces of up to 120t, with high structural reliability and long service life.

[0018] 3. Smooth force transition and durability: The trolley mechanism's embedded plate adopts a design with a smooth thickness transition, which allows the trolley force to be evenly and gently diffused to the end wall, like a "stress-reducing slope," minimizing stress concentration caused by structural abrupt changes and further ensuring the long-term safety of the end wall and connection area.

[0019] 4. Flexible design and good economy: The number and thickness of the longitudinal connecting plates in the trolley mechanism can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual working conditions, realizing the customization and lightweight design of the structure. While ensuring strength, it avoids material waste and has good economy.

[0020] 5. Reasonable spatial layout and ease of maintenance: The bolster beam assembly adopts a double-bent lower cover plate, which provides ample installation and maintenance space for the braking system, avoids interference between components, ensures driving safety, and facilitates maintenance.

[0021] 6. Excellent material properties and service life: The floor is made of high-strength weather-resistant steel and adopts a bent and lapped structure, which not only has strong load-bearing capacity, but also good corrosion resistance, effectively extending the maintenance cycle and service life of the open wagon.

[0022] Through systematic structural innovation, this invention successfully solves specific technical bottlenecks in the industry, providing a solution for a mechanical energy storage and release device and a wire cutting device that is highly versatile, structurally reliable, and has a long service life, and has extremely high market application value. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spring wire cutter of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of part A; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of the spring wire cutter of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a force analysis diagram for the rollers; Figure 5 This is a diagram of the wedge block's outline.

[0024] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Push rod guide plate; 2. Slider; 3. Mounting side plate; 4. Guide post mounting plate; 5. Sealing plate; 6. Servo; 7. Roller bracket; 8. Servo mounting base; 9. Socket head cap screw; 10. Guide post; 11. Linear bearing; 12. Spring; 13. Roller; 14. Wedge; 15. Wedge mounting plate; 16. Bearing pressure plate; 17. Push rod sleeve; 18. Moving blade; 19. Push post. Detailed Implementation

[0025] Various exemplary embodiments, features, and aspects of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote elements that have the same or similar functions. Although various aspects of the embodiments are shown in the drawings, they are not necessarily drawn to scale unless specifically indicated otherwise.

[0026] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] This application provides a mechanical energy storage and release device and a wire-cutting device. Through optimized structural design, it solves the problems in the prior art where the open wagon chassis cannot adapt to the high-positioned tipper arm and the uneven transmission of tipper force. This invention achieves efficient transmission of tipper force and improved structural strength through innovative design of key components such as the pusher mechanism and the center beam, while also enhancing the open wagon's adaptability to different types of tippers.

[0028] See Figure 1A mechanical energy storage and release device includes a base, a movable member, an energy storage component, and a state-switching locking mechanism. The movable member is movable relative to the base. The energy storage component acts between the base and the movable member and is configured to store mechanical energy that drives the movable member to move. The state-switching locking mechanism has a first mechanical state (locked state) and a second mechanical state (released state).

[0029] In the first mechanical state, the state-switching locking mechanism introduces geometric constraints on the force path of the energy storage component, enabling the movable part to resist the force of the energy storage component and be reliably locked. By applying an external trigger, the state-switching locking mechanism can switch from the first mechanical state to the second mechanical state. In the second mechanical state, the geometric constraints are released, the energy stored in the energy storage component is released instantaneously, and the movable part is driven to move at high speed.

[0030] To fundamentally resolve the contradiction between reliable locking after storing large load energy and rapid release with low resistance, this invention abandons traditional single locking methods such as hooks and pins, and creatively introduces the concept of "state switching." The core of this solution lies in the fact that the locking mechanism itself has two stable mechanical states, which are switched through external triggering, rather than directly resisting the enormous stored capacity. This ensures reliable self-locking during locking and requires only overcoming a small state-switching force during release, achieving a "small effort, big result" effect and ensuring absolute reliability and instantaneous operation.

[0031] The base forms the fixed frame of the device. The movable component (such as a slider) is connected to the base via a guiding mechanism (such as a guide post and a linear bearing) to ensure its movement along a preset straight path. The energy storage component (such as a spring) is pre-compressed between the base and the movable component. The state-switching locking mechanism is set at a certain position (energy storage position) on the moving path of the movable component. When the movable component is compressed to this position by an external force, and the locking mechanism is in the first mechanical state, the movable component is locked, and the energy storage component remains compressed and stores energy. When energy needs to be released, a small-power external trigger (such as an electrical signal driving a small motor) changes the mechanical state of the locking mechanism to the second state, the constraint is released, and the movable component rushes at high speed to the next position (release position) under the force of the energy storage component.

[0032] The state-switching locking mechanism is not limited to a specific mechanical structure. Any mechanism that can achieve the state-switching function of "introducing and releasing geometric constraints" falls within the protection scope of this scheme, such as mechanisms implemented using eccentric wheels, cams, etc.

[0033] In some embodiments, the state-switching locking mechanism includes a locking element that is driven to move. In the first mechanical state, the locking element simultaneously engages with a first constraint portion disposed on the base and a second constraint portion disposed on the movable member to form the geometric constraint.

[0034] To provide a specific, efficient, and easily implemented state switching method, this invention concretizes the locking mechanism into a locking element that can be driven to move. By simultaneously engaging this element with both the fixed part (base) and the moving part (moving component), a "two-way constraint" system is cleverly constructed. Once this constraint is formed, stable self-locking can be achieved in the direction of force, resulting in extremely high locking reliability, and the strength requirements for the locking element itself are lower compared to directly bearing the entire spring force.

[0035] The locking element is located between the base and the movable part. The first constraint part is fixed to the base. The second constraint part is located on the movable part. The actuator drives the locking element to a specific position, so that one side of it fits against the first constraint part, and the other side engages with or abuts against the second constraint part of the movable part, thereby "locking" the movable part to the base like a "wedge". Upon release, the actuator removes the locking element from this position, and the bidirectional constraint is broken.

[0036] In some embodiments, the locking element is a roller. To further reduce frictional resistance during locking and releasing, and improve operational sensitivity and mechanism life, the locking element is preferably set as a roller. The rolling friction of a roller is much smaller than its sliding friction, which results in low frictional loss when under load in the locked state. At the moment of release, the roller can quickly roll away from the constrained position with minimal resistance, which is key to achieving millisecond-level release.

[0037] The roller, acting as a locking element, has a cylindrical surface that makes line contact or near-line contact with the first and second constraint parts. In the locked state, the roller is pressed between the two constraint surfaces. As a rolling element, even under high pressure, its motion tendency is rolling rather than sliding, resulting in very small frictional torque.

[0038] In some embodiments, the state-switching locking mechanism includes two rollers. An external triggering action drives a wedge block located at the ends of the two rollers to move, thereby moving the two rollers and switching between the first mechanical state and the second mechanical state.

[0039] To control two locking points with a single drive action, improving locking balance and reliability, and to amplify the driving force using the inclined plane principle, this invention employs a double roller and wedge design. The small displacement of the wedge can be converted into a larger radial displacement of the roller, resulting in a significant force amplification effect and allowing the use of a lower-power driver.

[0040] See Figure 2 and Figure 3 Two rollers 13 are arranged within a limiting cavity at the top of the roller bracket 7. The top of this limiting cavity is an inclined plane, with the high end of the inclined plane close to the base. The limiting cavity communicates with the base, and the opening size of the end of the limiting cavity communicating with the base is smaller than the diameter of the roller. This allows part of the roller to enter the base to constrain the moving part, preventing it from completely dislodging. The low end of the inclined plane communicates with the wedge mounting cavity, meaning that the rotation of the wedge can drive the left roller to move, causing it to squeeze the right roller, thus transmitting force.

[0041] A wedge 14 is disposed at both ends, preferably having an inclined surface. The wedge 14 is driven by a driver to translate or rotate. When the wedge 14 moves to the "locked position," its inclined surface pushes the two rollers 13 along the limiting cavity until they are tightly engaged in the constraint space formed by the first constraint part (such as the limiting cavity of the roller bracket 7) and the second constraint part (such as the limiting boss on the slider 2), thus achieving locking. When the wedge 14 moves to the "release position," its pressure on the rollers 13 is released, and the rollers 13 can roll instantaneously towards each other under the action of the reverse force of the moving part (slider 2), disengaging from the constraint space.

[0042] It should be noted that the wedge can be a triangular block, a cone, or a cam. Its movement can be driven by a rotary motor (as in this embodiment), or by a linear electromagnet or a cylinder.

[0043] In some embodiments, the drive unit for providing the external triggering action is a rotary motor, and the wedge is fixed to the output shaft of the rotary motor.

[0044] To achieve precise and rapid control of the wedge's motion angle and position, and to facilitate integration with electronic control systems, a rotary motor was selected as the drive unit. The wedge is directly fixed to the motor's output shaft, forming a compact and responsive direct-drive module of "motor-wedge," reducing intermediate transmission links and improving control accuracy and response speed.

[0045] The rotary motor 6 is fixed to the base (such as the mounting side plate 3) via the motor mounting bracket 8. Its output shaft is fixed to the wedge block 14 via a key connection or other means. The wedge block mounting plate 15 is used to control the movement position of the wedge block 14, ensuring that it can only rotate within a preset space and triggering the rollers when the wedge block rotates. The control system sends pulse signals to the motor 6 to control its precise rotation of a specific angle (e.g., 60 degrees), thereby driving the wedge block 14 to switch between the "locking angle" and the "release angle".

[0046] Rotary motors can be stepper motors, servo motors, or ordinary DC motors with position feedback.

[0047] In some embodiments, the rotary motor is a servo motor. To further simplify the control system, reduce costs, and obtain a highly integrated drive unit with position control functionality, a servo motor is preferred. The servo motor integrates a motor, a reduction gear set, and a position feedback circuit. It can control the angle by receiving a standard PWM signal, eliminating the need for complex external drive circuits and position sensors, making the entire device's control system extremely simple and reliable.

[0048] In some embodiments, based on any of the foregoing schemes, the base includes a guide post mounting plate 4, a mounting side plate 2, and a guide post 10 fixedly connected therebetween. The movable component is a slider 2, which slides with the guide post 10 via a linear bearing 11.

[0049] To provide high-precision, low-friction, and high-rigidity linear motion guidance for the moving parts, ensuring accurate motion trajectories during energy release and avoiding jamming and off-center loading, this invention constructs a precision guide frame composed of guide pillars and linear bearings. The guide pillar mounting plate 4 and the mounting side plate 2 are connected by fasteners such as hexagon socket head cap screws 9, forming a stable overall frame. Two high-precision guide pillars 10 are fixed parallel to each other, providing a precise reference for the reciprocating motion of the slider 2.

[0050] A linear bearing 11 is mounted on the slider 2, and the inner ring of the linear bearing 11 has a smooth fit with the guide post 10. The bearing pressure plate 16 can be used to fix the linear bearing 11. The sealing plate 5 closes the side of the frame. When the slider 2 slides on the guide post 10, the friction is minimal and it can withstand radial loads, ensuring that its movement trajectory is strictly linear.

[0051] In some embodiments, the energy storage component is a spring 12 sleeved on the guide post 10, with its two ends acting between the guide post mounting plate 4 and the slider 2, respectively.

[0052] To provide a large and stable drive source and to fully utilize the space of the guide frame for a compact structure, the energy storage spring is directly fitted onto the guide post. This arrangement ensures that the spring force is completely collinear with the axis of motion, maximizing force transmission efficiency and eliminating eccentric torque. Simultaneously, the guide post 10 also guides the spring 12 and prevents instability.

[0053] Spring 12 can be a high-elasticity memory spring, which is directly sleeved on the two guide posts 10. One end of spring 12 rests on the guide post mounting plate 4, and the other end rests on the corresponding plane of slider 2. Slider 2 is equipped with push rods 19, four of which pass through the top guide post mounting plate 4 and connect to the push rod guide plate 1. Their ends are equipped with push rod sleeves 17, which together play the role of transmitting force and stabilizing the movement of slider. The push rod guide plate 1 provides auxiliary guidance for the push rods 19.

[0054] This embodiment also provides a wire cutting device, which is based on the above-mentioned mechanical energy storage and release device, and further includes a cutting assembly. The cutting assembly includes a movable blade 18 mounted on the movable member and a fixed blade or anvil fixed relative to the base. A wire-passing hole is provided between the movable blade 18 and the fixed blade or anvil, which horizontally penetrates the two mounting side plates 2. The movement of the movable member drives the movable blade 18 to cooperate with the fixed blade or anvil to complete the cutting.

[0055] To specifically apply the aforementioned mechanical energy storage and release device to high-intensity shearing scenarios, a shearing execution system was added. The released enormous force and velocity are directly converted into the impact kinetic energy of the moving blade 18, enabling instantaneous shearing of difficult-to-cut materials such as Kevlar fibers.

[0056] The moving blade 18 is fixed to the front end of the slider 2 by screws or other means. The fixed blade or anvil is fixed on the base frame at the position corresponding to the moving blade 18. The rope to be cut is passed through the wire hole. When the slider 2 is released and moves forward at high speed, it drives the moving blade 18 to violently strike the fixed blade (or cut the wire placed on the anvil), thus completing the cut.

[0057] In some embodiments, the first constraint part is a roller bracket 7, which has a constraint structure for accommodating the roller 13, and the constraint structure is a limiting cavity; the second constraint part is a limiting boss formed on the movable member, the boss having an inclined surface facing the roller side.

[0058] To clarify and optimize the specific implementation of "bidirectional constraint," a constraint structure that is easy to process and assemble is provided. The roller bracket 7, as an independent part, is easy to machine into a limiting cavity with a high-precision constraint profile. The limiting boss on the moving part (slider 2) is also easy to machine. Together, they provide a clear and stable locking position for the roller 13.

[0059] The roller bracket 7 is fixed to the base with screws. Its constraint structure, in the locked state, contacts one cylindrical surface of the roller 13. The limiting boss at the tail of the slider 2 contacts the other side of the roller 13. Under the thrust of the wedge 14, the roller 13 is tightly pressed between these two surfaces.

[0060] Key components and engineering calculations 1. Calculation of Hertzian contact stress in rollers: See Figure 4 The rollers are subjected to extremely high contact stress when locked. To ensure that they do not undergo plastic deformation or premature fatigue failure, Hertzian contact theory must be used for strength verification.

[0061] Considering the worst-case scenario, the spring thrust F = 7000 N, amplified by the inclined plane, the normal pressure P on a single roller can reach approximately 7446 N. The roller diameter D = 10 mm, and the length L = 18 mm. Both contact bodies are made of GCr15 steel (elastic modulus E1 = E2 = 210 GPa, Poisson's ratio μ1 = μ2 = 0.3). The equivalent radius of curvature R = 5 mm.

[0062] The maximum Hertzian contact stress σmax can be estimated using the following formula:

[0063] Substituting the numerical values, σmax≈550MPa.

[0064] This stress value is lower than the allowable contact stress of GCr15 after quenching and tempering (typically reaching 1500-2000 MPa), indicating that the roller design has sufficient safety margin.

[0065] 2. Mechanical analysis of the wedge and servo selection calculation: See Figure 5 The force that needs to be overcome to unlock the servo is the direct basis for servo selection.

[0066] Self-locking angle and disengagement force: Contact angle between the inclined surface of slider 2 and the roller. The design angle is 20°. Considering the coefficient of friction μ=0.1 (hardened steel against hardened steel, kinetic friction), its friction angle is... =arctan(0.1)≈5.7°. The effective separation angle is - =14.3°. According to force balance, the relationship between the theoretical release force F1 acting on the wedge and the normal force N on the roller is: F1≈N×tan( - ).

[0067] Thrust Calculation: Through system mechanics analysis, the amplified spring thrust results in a normal force N≈19000N acting on a single roller. Therefore, the theoretical disengagement force F1≈65N required to push the wedge can be calculated.

[0068] Servo selection verification: Considering mechanism friction (e.g., rolling friction coefficient of 0.01) and dynamic effects, a safety factor is introduced. The actual required disengagement force F2≈188.8N (this value has been obtained through more detailed lever arm and friction calculations). The selected servo has an output torque of 70 kg·cm (approximately 6.86 N·m). Through the lever arm on the wedge (approximately 2 cm), the theoretical thrust that can be generated is 6.86 / 0.02=343N. This value is much greater than the actual requirement of 188.8N, providing a safety margin of over 180% and ensuring absolute reliability of release.

[0069] The working principle of this application will be explained in detail below. The core working principle of the mechanical energy storage and release device (taking shearing application as an example) described in this invention lies in the cyclic process of "energy storage-locking-triggering-release". In essence, it uses a low-power trigger signal to control a highly reliable mechanical state switching mechanism, thereby releasing the huge mechanical energy stored in advance and realizing instantaneous, high-power output.

[0070] The overall workflow is as follows: Preparation and Energy Storage Phase: The device is in the reset state. The operator pushes the push rod 19 with external force, and the push rod 19 transmits the force to the slider 2 through the push rod sleeve 17. Under the auxiliary guidance of the push rod guide plate 1, the slider 2 overcomes the resistance of the high-elasticity memory spring 12 and slides backward along the two high-precision guide posts 10. The guide posts 10 provide low-friction, high-rigidity linear guidance for the slider 2 through the linear bearing 11. During this process, the spring 12 is further compressed, storing mechanical energy in the spring 12 in the form of elastic potential energy. The end point of the slider 2's stroke is the energy storage position.

[0071] Locking Phase: When slider 2 reaches the energy storage position, the control system sends a locking command to servo motor 6. Servo motor 6 is fixed on servo motor mounting base 8, and its output shaft drives wedge block 14 to rotate to a predetermined angle (locking position). The inclined surface of wedge block 14 pushes roller 13 to move radially outward. Roller 13 is pressed between the limiting boss (second constraint part) at the tail of slider 2 and the inner constraint surface of roller bracket 7 (first constraint part). At this time, roller 13 is simultaneously subjected to a leftward force (spring pre-thrust) from slider 2 and a constraint reaction force from roller bracket 7, forming a stable "bidirectional constraint" and geometric self-locking. Even if the external force is removed, the huge spring force is reliably locked, and slider 2 cannot move.

[0072] Triggering and Release Phase: When shearing is required, the control system sends a release command to servo motor 6. Servo motor 6 rotates counterclockwise, and wedge 14 retracts (rotates to the release position). The inclined surface of wedge 14 no longer presses against roller 13. At this time, roller 13 loses the radial constraint from wedge 14 and, under the action of the tangential component of the huge spring force (approximately 11000N) on slider 2, is instantaneously "squeezed out" from the constraint space formed by the limiting boss and roller support 7, resulting in slight rolling. The geometric self-locking state is broken.

[0073] Energy Release and Execution Phase: At the instant the locking is released, the elastic potential energy stored in the compressed spring 12 is released rapidly. The spring 12 pushes the slider 2 forward at high speed along the guide post 10. The moving blade 18 installed at the front end of the slider 2 moves at high speed along with it, impacting the fixed blade fixed on the other side mounting plate 2 or independent anvil with great kinetic energy, directly cutting the wire (such as Kevlar fiber rope) placed between them, completing the cutting in a very short time (such as 0.1 seconds).

[0074] Reset phase: After the shearing action is completed, slider 2 can be compressed again to repeat the above energy storage and locking process in preparation for the next shearing.

[0075] Working principle of key subsystems: The guide post frame system consists of a guide post mounting plate 4, mounting side plates 2, and a sealing plate 5 connected by hexagon head screws 9 to form a rigid body. Two parallel guide posts 10 provide a precision reference axis. The slider 2 cooperates with the guide posts 10 through a linear bearing 11, and the bearing pressure plate 16 is used to fix the bearing, ensuring accurate and smooth movement trajectory during power release.

[0076] The "roller-wedge" locking and releasing system is the core of achieving "using minimal force to achieve maximum effect." Self-locking principle: When roller 13 is pressed into the constrained space by wedge 14, the spring force F attempts to push slider 2 upwards. This force acts on the contact point of roller 13 and can be decomposed into a normal pressure N and a tangential force on roller 13. The force N makes roller 13 press more tightly against roller support 7, generating greater friction. As long as wedge 14 remains in position, the mechanism satisfies the self-locking condition (inclination angle less than friction angle), and locking can be achieved without any external force.

[0077] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. A mechanical energy storage and release device, characterized in that, include: Base; The movable component is movable relative to the base; An energy storage component, acting between the base and the movable component, is configured to store the mechanical energy that drives the movable component to move; A state-switching locking mechanism, which has a first mechanical state and a second mechanical state; In the first mechanical state, the state-switching locking mechanism introduces geometric constraints on the force path of the energy storage component, so that the moving part is locked against the force of the energy storage component. By applying an external trigger, the state-switching locking mechanism can be switched from the first mechanical state to the second mechanical state; In the second mechanical state, the geometric constraints are released, the energy storage component is released, and the moving part is driven to move.

2. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The state-switching locking mechanism includes a locking element that is driven to move; in the first mechanical state, the locking element simultaneously engages with a first constraint portion provided on the base and a second constraint portion provided on the movable member to form the geometric constraint.

3. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The locking element is a roller.

4. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The state-switching locking mechanism includes two rollers; the external triggering action drives a wedge block located at the ends of the two rollers to move, so that the two rollers move within a confined space, thereby realizing the switching between the first mechanical state and the second mechanical state.

5. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The drive unit used to provide the external triggering action is a rotary motor, and the wedge is fixed to the output shaft of the rotary motor.

6. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The rotary motor is a servo motor.

7. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The base includes a guide post mounting plate, a mounting side plate, and a guide post fixedly connected therebetween; the movable component is a slider, which slides with the guide post through a linear bearing.

8. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The energy storage component is a spring sleeved on the guide post, with its two ends acting between the guide post mounting plate and the slider, respectively.

9. The mechanical energy storage and release device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that, The first constraint part is a roller bracket, which has a constraint structure for accommodating the roller; the second constraint part is a limiting boss formed on the movable part.

10. A wire-cutting device, characterized in that, The device for storing and releasing mechanical energy according to any one of claims 1-9 further includes a shearing assembly, the shearing assembly including a movable blade mounted on the movable member and a fixed blade or anvil fixed relative to the base, the movement of the movable member driving the movable blade to cooperate with the fixed blade or anvil to complete the shearing.

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