Neodymium-iron-boron waste extraction and impurity removal device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rare earth recovery, in particular to a neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device. Comprising a box body, a spraying assembly, a partition plate, a switch assembly, a bearing frame, a filter screen and the like. A feeding port and a liquid inlet are formed in the top of the box body, a discharging port is formed in the bottom of the box body, a spraying assembly is arranged in the box body, a partition plate is arranged in the box body, a discharging port is formed in the middle of the partition plate, a switch assembly used for opening and closing the discharging port is arranged in the box body, a bearing frame is arranged in the middle of the box body in a sliding mode, and a filter screen is arranged on the bearing frame. And a third motor is mounted on the box body, and a second threaded rod is rotationally arranged in the box body. According to the invention, the receiving frame with the filter screen is arranged in the middle of the box body, so that primary solid-liquid separation can be carried out on materials falling from the discharge port after an extraction reaction is completed, insoluble impurities and residues are effectively intercepted, an extraction liquid or a solution phase containing valuable metals smoothly passes through the filter screen, and primary separation of the impurities and effective components is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rare earth recycling technology, and in particular to a neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device. Background Technology

[0002] The production and use of NdFeB magnetic materials generate a large amount of waste. This waste contains recyclable valuable components, such as rare earth elements (e.g., neodymium, praseodymium) and other valuable metals, but also various impurities, including insoluble oxides, metal fragments, carbides, and non-metallic inclusions introduced during production. To achieve efficient resource recovery and recycling, reduce dependence on primary mineral resources, and minimize environmental pollution, solvent extraction is commonly used to treat NdFeB waste. This method selectively transfers target metal ions from the solid phase to the liquid phase, thereby separating and purifying valuable metals and providing high-grade enriched materials for subsequent metallurgical recovery processes.

[0003] Traditional extraction equipment often has limited mixing efficiency, resulting in uneven distribution of the extract in the waste system and insufficient contact between the solid and liquid phases. This leads to a slow chemical reaction rate, hindering the improvement of overall extraction efficiency. Furthermore, during the discharge process, the lack of effective filtration and impurity dispersion devices easily causes filter clogging or bridging at the discharge port, affecting continuous discharge and effective impurity separation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To overcome the drawbacks of uneven extract distribution and easy clogging of the device, this invention provides a neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device.

[0005] The technical implementation scheme of the present invention is as follows: a neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device, comprising a box body, a spray assembly, a partition plate, a switch assembly, a receiving frame, a filter screen, a third motor, a second threaded rod, a second guide rod, and a push plate. The top of the box body is provided with a feed inlet and a liquid inlet, and the bottom of the box body is provided with a discharge outlet. The spray assembly is provided inside the box body, and the partition plate is provided inside the box body. A discharge outlet is provided in the middle of the partition plate. The switch assembly for opening and closing the discharge outlet is provided inside the box body. The receiving frame is slidably provided in the middle of the box body, and a filter screen is provided on the receiving frame. The third motor is installed on the box body, and the second threaded rod is rotatably provided inside the box body. The output shaft of the third motor is connected to the second threaded rod, and a push plate is threadedly connected to the second threaded rod. The second guide rod is provided inside the box body, and the push plate is slidably connected to the second guide rod. The push plate is located above the receiving frame.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment, the spray assembly includes an electric slide rail, a liquid distribution pipe, a liquid inlet pipe, and spray heads. The electric slide rail is installed inside the housing, and the liquid distribution pipe is installed on the slider of the electric slide rail. The liquid inlet is connected to the liquid distribution pipe, and multiple spray heads are evenly distributed on the liquid distribution pipe.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment, it also includes a first motor, stirring rods, a transmission belt, and a protective cover. The first motor is installed on the housing, and two stirring rods are rotatably installed inside the housing. The output shaft of the first motor is connected to one of the stirring rods. One end of each stirring rod passes through the housing, and a transmission belt is wound between them. A protective cover is provided on the housing, and the transmission belt is located inside the protective cover.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment, the width of the baffle plate is greater than the width of the discharge port, and the edge of the baffle plate 17 is provided with a flexible sealing edge, which is made of acid and alkali resistant rubber material and fits tightly against the periphery of the discharge port when closed.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the switch assembly includes a second motor, a first threaded rod, a first guide rod, and a baffle plate. The second motor is mounted on the housing, and the first threaded rod is provided on the output shaft of the second motor. The first guide rod is provided inside the housing, and the baffle plate is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod. The baffle plate is used to block the feed port, and the baffle plate is slidably connected to the first guide rod.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the upper surface of the partition plate has a concave arc-shaped structure with the center pointing downwards, and the lowest point of the concave surface corresponds to the material discharge port position.

[0011] As a further preferred option, it also includes a heating element, a temperature sensor, and a controller. The heating element and temperature sensor are located inside the housing, and the controller is located on the housing. Both the heating element and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the controller.

[0012] As a further preferred option, a transparent panel is also included, with a transparent panel provided on one side of the box.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. By setting a receiving frame with a filter screen in the middle of the box, this invention can perform preliminary solid-liquid separation on the material falling from the feed port after the extraction reaction is completed, effectively intercepting insoluble impurities and residues, allowing the extract or solution phase containing valence metals to pass smoothly through the filter screen, thus achieving preliminary separation of impurities and effective components; by the reciprocating motion of the push plate driven by the third motor above the filter screen, the intercepted solid impurities can be continuously spread and dispersed laterally, effectively avoiding the blockage problem caused by excessive accumulation and caking of impurities in the central area of ​​the filter screen or above the feed port, ensuring the continuous unobstructed flow of the material conveying channel, thereby ensuring the stable and continuous operation of the entire impurity removal process.

[0014] 2. This invention uses an electric slide rail to drive the dispensing pipe and multiple spray heads evenly distributed on it to move horizontally, so that the extract can cover a wider area in the form of dynamic spraying, avoiding the liquid from being concentrated in a local area, thereby achieving uniform distribution of the extract on the surface of the waste. This dynamic spraying method significantly enhances the contact area between the liquid and the solid waste, thereby improving the uniformity and overall efficiency of the extraction reaction.

[0015] 3. The two stirring rods of this invention rotate synchronously via a transmission belt, which can efficiently and uniformly stir the added NdFeB waste and extractant in the chamber. This stirring action can break the stratification between the waste and the extractant, so that they are fully mixed together. It also effectively prevents the waste from depositing or clumping in the chamber, ensuring that the reaction system is always in a good mixed state, accelerating the extraction reaction speed and improving the extraction efficiency.

[0016] 4. The present invention can heat the inside of the chamber through the heating tube. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature inside the chamber in real time and transmits it to the controller. The controller controls the operation of the heating tube according to the preset temperature to maintain a suitable temperature environment inside the chamber, optimize the extraction conditions, and improve the impurity removal efficiency.

[0017] 5. This invention allows direct observation of the material reaction state inside the chamber through a transparent panel, such as the wetting of waste materials, stirring effect, liquid level changes, and the operating status of various moving parts of the equipment (such as stirring rods, push plates, baffles, etc.). This visualization design facilitates operators to monitor the equipment's operating status in real time, promptly detect abnormalities (such as blockages, leaks, abnormal stirring, etc.), and make quick adjustments or take maintenance measures, thereby improving operational safety and reducing downtime for troubleshooting. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the interior of the housing of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the liquid distribution pipe, liquid inlet pipe, and spray head of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first motor, stirring rod, and transmission belt of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first threaded rod and the first guide rod of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first guide rod and the baffle plate of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second threaded rod, the second guide rod, and the push plate of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the heating tube and temperature sensor of the present invention.

[0026] In the attached diagram, the following labels are used: 1-box body, 2-feed inlet, 201-discharge outlet, 3-liquid inlet, 4-electric slide rail, 5-distribution pipe, 6-liquid inlet pipe, 7-spray head, 8-first motor, 9-stirring rod, 10-transmission belt, 11-protective cover, 12-partition plate, 13-second motor, 14-first threaded rod, 15-first guide rod, 17-baffle plate, 18-receiving frame, 19-filter screen, 20-third motor, 21-second threaded rod, 22-second guide rod, 23-push plate, 24-heating tube, 25-temperature sensor, 26-transparent plate, 27-controller. Detailed Implementation

[0027] First, it should be noted that in different described embodiments, the same components are given the same reference numerals or the same component names. The disclosure contained throughout this specification can be applied semantically to the same components having the same reference numerals or the same component names. The location descriptions selected in the specification, such as upper, lower, lateral, etc., also refer to the directly described and illustrated figures and are semantically applied to the new location when the location changes.

[0028] A neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device, such as Figures 1-7 As shown, the device includes a housing 1, a spray assembly, a partition plate 12, a switch assembly, a receiving frame 18, a filter screen 19, a third motor 20, a second threaded rod 21, a second guide rod 22, and a push plate 23. The top of the housing 1 has a feed inlet 2 and a liquid inlet 3. The feed inlet 2 is used to insert NdFeB waste, and the liquid inlet 3 is used to insert the extraction liquid. The bottom of the housing 1 has an outlet 201 for the effective component liquid to flow out after extraction. The inside of the housing 1 is equipped with a spray assembly for spraying the extraction liquid. The inside of the housing 1 also has a partition plate 12, with the extraction zone located above the partition plate 12. The partition plate 12 has a discharge port in the middle. The box body 1 has a switch assembly for opening and closing the discharge port. The box body 1 has a sliding receiving frame 18 in the middle. The receiving frame 18 has a filter screen 19. A third motor 20 is installed on the outside of the box body 1. A second threaded rod 21 is rotatably provided inside the box body 1. The output shaft of the third motor 20 extends into the box body 1 and is connected to the second threaded rod 21. A second guide rod 22 is provided inside the box body 1. A push plate 23 is threadedly connected to the second threaded rod 21. The push plate 23 is slidably connected to the second guide rod 22. The push plate 23 is located above the receiving frame 18.

[0029] Neodymium iron boron waste is fed into the device through the feed inlet 2 at the top of the housing 1 and falls onto the partition plate 12. At the same time, the pre-mixed extraction liquid enters the housing 1 through the liquid inlet 3 and mixes thoroughly with the waste on the partition plate 12, initiating the extraction reaction process. When the extraction process is completed, the drive switch assembly is activated, opening the discharge port in the middle of the partition plate 12. At this time, the solid-liquid mixture that has completed the reaction falls into the receiving frame 18 set below under the action of gravity. The filter screen 19 laid inside the receiving frame 18 filters the falling material, achieving effective separation of solid impurities and liquid phase containing valence components. During this process, the third motor 20 starts, driving the second threaded rod 21 to rotate. The rotation drives the push plate 23, which is threadedly connected to the second threaded rod 21, to move precisely horizontally along the guide rod 22. This gradually flattens and evenly spreads the solid impurities that fall on the filter screen 19 across the entire filter surface, preventing excessive local accumulation. This significantly improves the filtration throughput and discharge smoothness, ensuring continuous and stable operation of the impurity removal process. After liquid-solid separation, the effective liquid component penetrates the filter screen 19, eventually collects, and is stably discharged from the outlet 201 at the bottom of the housing 1. Once all materials have been filtered and the effective components have been completely discharged, the operator can pull the receiving frame 18 out of the housing 1 for centralized cleaning and disposal of the solid impurities accumulated on the filter screen 19.

[0030] like Figures 2-3 As shown, the spray assembly includes an electric slide rail 4, a dispensing pipe 5, an inlet pipe 6, and spray heads 7. The electric slide rail 4 is located inside the housing 1. The dispensing pipe 5 is mounted on the slider of the electric slide rail 4. The inlet pipe 6 connects the inlet 3 to the dispensing pipe 5. Multiple spray heads 7 are evenly distributed on the dispensing pipe 5. During operation, when the extractant is injected from the inlet 3, it flows into the dispensing pipe 5 through the inlet pipe 6 and is sprayed downwards in an atomized form through the multiple spray heads 7. Simultaneously, the electric slide rail 4 is activated, driving its slider to move the entire dispensing pipe 5 and spray heads 7 in a reciprocating linear motion along the transverse direction of the housing 1. This ensures that the extractant is more evenly distributed on the waste surface in a spray form, preventing the liquid from concentrating in a certain area, resulting in localized over-wetting or other areas remaining dry and unwetted. This ensures more thorough and uniform contact and penetration between the extractant and the material particles, thereby significantly improving mass transfer efficiency and overall extraction effect.

[0031] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, it also includes a first motor 8, stirring rods 9, a transmission belt 10, and a protective cover 11. The first motor 8 is installed on the box body 1. Two stirring rods 9 are rotatably arranged inside the box body 1. The output shaft of the first motor 8 is connected to one of the stirring rods 9. One end of the two stirring rods 9 passes through the box body 1, and the transmission belt 10 is wound between them. The protective cover 11 is provided on the box body 1, and the transmission belt 10 is located inside the protective cover 11. When the equipment is running, the first motor 8 starts, driving the stirring rod 9 connected to it to rotate. The stirring rod 9 drives another stirring rod 9 to rotate synchronously through the transmission belt 10, stirring the waste and extract liquid in the box 1, allowing them to mix thoroughly. The effective components in the extract liquid can come into contact with the target substances in the waste more quickly and comprehensively, thereby accelerating the extraction reaction. The protective cover 11 can effectively isolate dust, impurities and other foreign objects from the external environment from entering the transmission area, preventing these foreign objects from being drawn into the running transmission belt 10, avoiding possible belt misalignment, accelerated wear or even jamming, ensuring the long-term stable operation of the transmission system, and preventing the possibility of operators or other workers accidentally coming into contact with the high-speed rotating transmission belt 10, eliminating safety hazards such as mechanical entanglement and abrasion, and providing a necessary safety barrier for on-site operation.

[0032] The width of the baffle plate 17 is greater than the width of the feed port, and the edge of the baffle plate 17 is provided with a flexible sealing edge. The sealing edge is made of acid and alkali resistant rubber material, which fits tightly around the feed port when closed, effectively preventing the extract or fine particles from leaking from the gaps.

[0033] like Figures 2-6 As shown, the switching assembly includes a second motor 13, a first threaded rod 14, a first guide rod 15, and a baffle plate 17. The second motor 13 is mounted on the housing 1, and the first threaded rod 14 is provided on the output shaft of the second motor 13. The first guide rod 15 is provided inside the housing 1, and the baffle plate 17 is threadedly connected to the first threaded rod 14. The baffle plate 17 is used to block the feed inlet, and the baffle plate 17 is slidably connected to the first guide rod 15. The second motor 13 drives the first threaded rod 14 to rotate, causing the baffle plate 17 to slide on the first guide rod 15, thereby precisely controlling the opening and closing of the feed inlet in the middle of the separator plate 12, which facilitates accurate control of the timing of the material falling after extraction.

[0034] The upper surface of the partition plate 12 has a concave arc-shaped structure with the center pointing downwards, and the lowest point of the concave surface corresponds to the feed port position, which facilitates the convergence of liquid and material towards the center during the extraction process, reduces residual dead corners, and improves the thoroughness of discharge.

[0035] like Figure 2 and Figure 8As shown, the system also includes a heating element 24, a temperature sensor 25, and a controller 27. The heating element 24 and temperature sensor 25 are located inside the chamber 1, and the controller 27 is mounted on the chamber 1. Both the heating element 24 and temperature sensor 25 are electrically connected to the controller 27. The heating element 24 heats the interior of the chamber 1. The temperature sensor 25 monitors the temperature inside the chamber 1 in real time and transmits the temperature data to the controller 27. The controller 27 controls the operation of the heating element 24 according to a preset temperature, thereby maintaining a suitable temperature environment inside the chamber 1, maintaining the optimal reaction temperature, optimizing extraction conditions, and improving impurity removal efficiency.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, it also includes a transparent panel 26, which is provided on one side of the tank 1. The transparent panel 26 allows operators to observe the reaction status of materials inside the tank 1, the liquid level, and the equipment operation, which is beneficial for real-time monitoring and fault diagnosis, and improves operational safety and maintenance convenience.

[0037] Although this disclosure has been shown and described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments thereof, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes in form and detail may be made to this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. Therefore, the scope of this disclosure should not be limited to the above embodiments, but should be defined not only by the appended claims, but also by their equivalents.

Claims

1. A neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device, comprising a housing (1), a feed inlet (2) and a liquid inlet (3) at the top of the housing (1), and a discharge outlet (201) at the bottom of the housing (1), characterized in that: It also includes a spray assembly, a partition plate (12), a switch assembly, a receiving frame (18), a filter screen (19), a third motor (20), a second threaded rod (21), a second guide rod (22), and a push plate (23). The spray assembly is provided inside the box (1), the partition plate (12) is provided inside the box (1), the discharge port is provided in the middle of the partition plate (12), the switch assembly for opening and closing the discharge port is provided inside the box (1), and the receiving frame (18) is provided in a sliding manner in the middle of the box (1). A filter screen (19) is provided on the receiving frame (18), a third motor (20) is installed on the box (1), a second threaded rod (21) is rotatably provided inside the box (1), the output shaft of the third motor (20) is connected to the second threaded rod (21), a push plate (23) is threadedly connected to the second threaded rod (21), a second guide rod (22) is provided inside the box (1), the push plate (23) is slidably connected to the second guide rod (22), and the push plate (23) is located above the receiving frame (18).

2. The NdFeB waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The spray assembly includes an electric slide rail (4), a liquid distribution pipe (5), an inlet pipe (6), and spray heads (7). The box (1) is equipped with an electric slide rail (4). The slider of the electric slide rail (4) is equipped with a liquid distribution pipe (5). The inlet port (3) and the liquid distribution pipe (5) are connected by an inlet pipe (6). Multiple spray heads (7) are evenly distributed on the liquid distribution pipe (5).

3. The NdFeB waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a first motor (8), a stirring rod (9), a transmission belt (10) and a protective cover (11). The first motor (8) is installed on the box (1). Two stirring rods (9) are rotatably arranged inside the box (1). The output shaft of the first motor (8) is connected to one of the stirring rods (9). One end of the two stirring rods (9) passes through the box (1). A transmission belt (10) is wound between them. A protective cover (11) is provided on the box (1). The transmission belt (10) is located inside the protective cover (11).

4. The neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The width of the baffle plate (17) is greater than the width of the discharge port, and the edge of the baffle plate (17) is provided with a flexible sealing edge. The sealing edge is made of acid and alkali resistant rubber material and fits tightly around the discharge port when closed.

5. The NdFeB waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The switch assembly includes a second motor (13), a first threaded rod (14), a first guide rod (15), and a baffle plate (17). The second motor (13) is mounted on the housing (1). The output shaft of the second motor (13) is provided with the first threaded rod (14). The housing (1) is provided with the first guide rod (15). The first threaded rod (14) is threadedly connected to the baffle plate (17). The baffle plate (17) is used to block the feed port. The baffle plate (17) is slidably connected to the first guide rod (15).

6. The neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The upper surface of the partition plate (12) has an arc-shaped concave structure with the middle part facing downwards, and the lowest point of the concave surface corresponds to the position of the feed port.

7. The neodymium iron boron waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a heating tube (24), a temperature sensor (25) and a controller (27). The heating tube (24) and the temperature sensor (25) are installed inside the housing (1), and the controller (27) is installed on the housing (1). The heating tube (24) and the temperature sensor (25) are both electrically connected to the controller (27).

8. The NdFeB waste extraction and impurity removal device as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a transparent panel (26), and a transparent panel (26) is provided on one side of the box body (1).

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