Caisson type toilet self-drainage water filtering system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a caisson type toilet self-drainage water filtering system and a construction method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: performing high-pressure grouting reinforcement on a descending plate base layer crack; constructing a primary waterproof protection layer with a gradient; after the annular blind pipe is laid, an innovative bagged gravel filter body is adopted for covering so as to prevent blocking; pouring a rigid reinforced concrete sealing plate integrated with the water outlet through embedded steel bars; and finally, backfilling and surface layer construction are carried out. The system correspondingly comprises a reinforced structure base layer, a primary waterproof guide and drainage layer, a long-acting anti-blocking layer, a rigid sealing and flow guiding layer, a light backfill layer and a secondary waterproof facing layer. According to the method, a complete secondary waterproof and drainage system from source treatment to long-acting dredging is constructed by fusing three technologies of high-pressure grouting reinforcement, bagged gravel blocking prevention and embedded steel bar rigid integration, and the problems that a descending plate type toilet is prone to leakage and difficult to maintain are thoroughly solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to a drainage system and its construction method within a bathroom recessed structure, and more particularly to a recessed self-draining filtration system with efficient anti-clogging and rigid sealing characteristics. Background Technology

[0002] Traditional bathroom waterproofing relies primarily on structural waterproofing and the isolation effect of waterproofing materials. Commonly used polymer waterproofing materials gradually age after their service life (typically 15-25 years), leading to a decline in waterproofing effectiveness. Conventional building designs often lack the technical reserves and space for secondary drainage systems. Once the waterproofing materials age and fail, and micro-cracks appear in the structural slab, leaks can occur, severely impacting the living experience and making repairs difficult. Therefore, this invention proposes a sunken bathroom self-draining filtration system and its construction method to at least partially solve the problems that may exist in existing technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, a sunken bathroom self-draining filtration system and its construction method are proposed to overcome or at least partially solve the problems, thereby addressing the leakage issues caused by the aging and failure of traditional bathroom waterproofing materials. This system, through the installation of a double-layer waterproofing and drainage structure, constructs a long-lasting, clog-resistant self-draining filtration system at the bottom of the sunken slab, providing a reliable secondary waterproofing reserve for the bathroom and significantly improving waterproofing safety and durability.

[0004] A construction method for a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system includes:

[0005] Base treatment and slope layer formation: Clean and slope the base of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%; construct a waterproof layer and pour a fine stone concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope.

[0006] Installation of anti-clogging drainage network: On the waterproof protective layer, a circumferential permeable blind pipe wrapped with geotextile is laid around the perimeter of the drop plate; then, a prefabricated filter unit formed by wrapping graded crushed stone with a permeable filter bag is used to cover and wrap the blind pipe.

[0007] Construction of isolation support and rigid sealing layer: a hollow brick isolation strip is built inside the lowered slab; the upper edge of the lowered slab area is connected to the original structure by rebar installation, steel mesh is tied and reinforced concrete sealing slab is poured; among which, a lateral drainage grid is installed before pouring and the outlet of the circumferential blind pipe is connected to it;

[0008] Secondary waterproofing and surface layer construction: A secondary waterproofing layer is constructed on the reinforced concrete sealing slab, followed by the application of the decorative surface layer.

[0009] Optionally, the step of cleaning and sloping the base layer of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%; constructing a waterproof layer and pouring a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope, includes:

[0010] The bathroom's structural surfaces should be chamfered around the perimeter, excess laitance removed, bolt holes sealed, flat surfaces and protruding edges chiseled out, pre-reserved openings fitted with sleeves and sealed with waterproof mortar, and a slope greater than 3% set according to the location of the floor drain;

[0011] The process involves sequentially treating the substrate, preparing the polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing the waterproofing at joints, applying the polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer.

[0012] Optionally, the process of sequentially performing substrate treatment, preparing polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing waterproofing at joints, applying polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer includes:

[0013] Surface preparation: Remove the laitance with a polishing machine and remove construction debris, then rinse thoroughly with a high-pressure water gun.

[0014] Prepare the emulsion, cement, and water components according to the preset ratio (by weight), and stir with a mixer until they are uniform and fine without any lumps to obtain a polymer cement-based waterproof coating. Specifically, weigh the waterproof coating (emulsion, cement, and water) accurately according to the instructions, prepare it in the correct ratio, and stir with a mixer until it is a uniform and fine mixture without any lumps. The amount of material to be prepared should be assessed based on the amount of work and the labor intensity. The prepared material should be used within two hours.

[0015] Waterproofing reinforcement at joints: Apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating to vulnerable joints prone to leakage according to design requirements or specifications to form a reinforcing layer; add a reinforcing material in the middle of the coating.

[0016] Apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating in two layers: apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating in two directions, longitudinal and transverse. When applying the next layer, apply it when the previous layer is surface dry but not completely dry. The condition for not being completely dry is that it is not sticky to the touch.

[0017] Waterproofing layer edge finishing: Treat the edges of the waterproofing layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproofing protective layer.

[0018] Optionally, the step of laying a circumferential permeable blind pipe wrapped with geotextile around the perimeter of the drop plate on the waterproof protective layer includes:

[0019] A PVC25 pipe with plum blossom-shaped permeable holes is used as a permeable blind pipe. The permeable holes have a diameter of 10 mm and a spacing of 100 mm.

[0020] The permeable blind pipe is wrapped with two layers of geotextile and laid circumferentially along the chamfered corner of the lowered wall, so that it is tightly attached to the junction of the side wall and the bottom of the lowered wall during installation.

[0021] U-shaped clips are used to fix the permeable blind pipes covered with geotextile, ensuring that their installation position is smooth;

[0022] Connect the circumferential permeable blind pipe to the vertical drainage pipe to ensure that the longitudinal installation slope and the transverse drainage slope meet the design requirements;

[0023] After the permeable blind pipe is installed, protective measures should be taken to prevent it from being blocked by cement slurry.

[0024] Optionally, the use of a prefabricated filter unit formed by wrapping graded crushed stone with a permeable filter bag to cover and enclose the blind pipe includes:

[0025] Graded crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3mm is used as filler and is packed into a permeable filter bag with a specification of 60cm×70cm to form a prefabricated filter unit.

[0026] The prefabricated filter units are laid out evenly and dispersed along the direction of the blind pipe, so that they completely cover a 100mm wide area on both sides of the blind pipe, and the thickness of the covering layer is 150mm.

[0027] Optionally, the construction of a hollow brick isolation strip within the lowered slab, and the connection to the original structure at the upper edge of the lowered slab area via rebar anchoring, followed by binding of a steel mesh and pouring of a reinforced concrete sealing slab, includes:

[0028] After constructing hollow bricks inside the drop slab to create a partition, drill holes, clean the holes, and insert steel bars into the structural surface at the top of the drop slab according to the design position to form a rebar anchor.

[0029] Specifically, the process includes: cleaning the structural surface; using a laser to determine the position and elevation of the ring beam; marking the locations on the structural retaining wall where reinforcement bars need to be installed, and indicating the diameter and depth of the reinforcement bars; mechanically drilling holes at the designated locations according to the anchorage depth, and using an air pump to clean and remove dust from the holes; injecting structural adhesive into the holes to a depth of 2 / 3; rotating the reinforcement bars several times in a certain direction and inserting them into the holes to ensure a tight bond between the reinforcement bars, the structural adhesive, and the concrete hole wall; and after the structural adhesive has fully cured and the pull-out test is passed, welding the reinforcement bars on one side.

[0030] A steel mesh is tied to the anchor bars, a formwork is installed, and concrete is poured to form a closed slab ring beam connected to the original structure of the lowered slab.

[0031] A lateral grating is installed at the external drainage outlet on the side wall of the drop plate, and the horizontal drainage pipe is connected to the vertical drainage riser after passing through the grating.

[0032] Specifically, this includes: installing a side grating at the external drainage outlet of the lowered slab, with a hole cut in the middle of the grating according to the diameter of the drainage pipe; measuring the required pipe section length at the connection point, cutting it with a saw, and connecting the drainage pipe section through the side grating to the vertical drainage riser; fixing the upper end of the grating to the ring beam, and the lower end to the structural layer, with the bottom frame covered by the leveling layer, and sealing the gaps with waterproof mortar; fixing the connection with anchor bolts, checking for good connection and no leakage; if leakage is found, disassembling and checking the cause, ensuring no leakage at the joint, and then covering the perimeter of the grating and the blind pipe with gravel.

[0033] Lightweight material is backfilled into the lowered slab compartments to the predetermined height, and steel mesh is tied above the backfill layer. Finally, foamed concrete is poured to form a closed slab structure.

[0034] Optionally, the construction of a secondary waterproofing layer on the reinforced concrete slab, followed by the application of a decorative surface layer, includes:

[0035] The surface of the reinforced concrete enclosure slab is treated with a base layer, removing debris and repairing it to ensure that the base layer is clean and dry, and the edges around it are chamfered.

[0036] Apply waterproof coating in layers on the treated substrate to form a secondary waterproof layer. The coating should be applied evenly and without omissions. Additional layers of waterproof coating should be applied at the junction of the pipes and the substrate.

[0037] Optionally, the construction of a secondary waterproofing layer on the reinforced concrete slab, followed by the application of a decorative surface layer, includes:

[0038] The surface of the reinforced concrete enclosure slab is treated with a base layer and then moistened.

[0039] Apply a secondary waterproofing layer to the treated substrate and complete a water tightness test;

[0040] Install a threshold stone and perform waterproof sealing treatment on its underside and around it;

[0041] Lay floor tiles on the secondary waterproof layer;

[0042] Grout the gaps between the laid floor tiles.

[0043] Optionally, after grouting the gaps between the laid floor tiles, the process also includes regular inspection, cleaning, and anti-slip maintenance of the floor tiles and threshold stones.

[0044] In some embodiments of this application, a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system is also disclosed, comprising:

[0045] The reinforced structural base layer is the original structural slab with a slope and has been treated with high-pressure grouting.

[0046] A primary waterproof drainage layer, located on the reinforced structural base layer, includes a waterproof coating, a sloped fine stone concrete protective layer, and a geotextile-wrapped circumferential blind pipe laid thereon.

[0047] The long-lasting anti-clogging layer is a bagged gravel filter covering the circumferential blind tube;

[0048] The rigid enclosure and diversion layer is a reinforced concrete slab that is fixedly connected to the surrounding structure by rebar anchoring. This layer integrates a lateral drainage grid and a drainage outlet that connects the circumferential blind pipe and the vertical drainage riser.

[0049] The lightweight backfill layer, located within the space defined by the hollow brick isolation strip, is filled with expanded clay aggregate;

[0050] A secondary waterproof and finishing layer is located above the rigid sealing and diversion layer.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages:

[0052] An independent secondary waterproofing and drainage system was added on top of the original waterproof layer, forming a double waterproof barrier and greatly reducing the risk of leakage due to the failure of a single waterproof layer. Through a sloping protective layer and a circumferential blind pipe system, water that seeps into the bottom layer of the lowered slab is actively collected and guided to vertical drainage pipes for discharge, preventing water accumulation. The combination of geotextile-wrapped blind pipes and bagged gravel filter units effectively prevents silt from clogging the drainage channels, ensuring long-term unobstructed drainage. The installation of rebar, ring beams, and reinforced concrete sealing slabs enhances the integrity and load-bearing capacity of the lowered slab area, while providing a solid base layer for the surface layer. The system's modular design is clear, facilitating diagnosis and localized repairs in case of problems, reducing the cost and difficulty of overall renovation. It is suitable for all types of newly built or renovated lowered slab bathrooms, especially suitable for locations with complex piping and high waterproofing requirements. Attached Figure Description

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the present invention will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the construction steps of a self-draining filtration system for a sunken toilet, as provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an application example of a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system and its construction method provided by some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0057] Reference Figure 1 As shown, some embodiments of this application disclose a construction method for a self-draining filtration system for a sunken toilet, which includes:

[0058] Step S1, Base treatment and slope formation: Clean and slope the base of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%; construct a waterproof layer and pour a fine stone concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope.

[0059] Step S2, laying of anti-clogging drainage network: On the waterproof protective layer, lay a circumferential permeable blind pipe wrapped with geotextile around the perimeter of the drop plate; then, use a prefabricated filter unit formed by wrapping graded crushed stone with a permeable filter bag to cover and wrap the blind pipe.

[0060] Step S3, construction of isolation support and rigid sealing layer: build a hollow brick isolation strip inside the lowered slab; connect the upper edge of the lowered slab area to the original structure by anchoring rebar, tie the steel mesh and pour a reinforced concrete sealing slab; among which, before pouring, install a lateral drainage grid and connect the circumferential blind pipe outlet to it;

[0061] Step S4, Secondary Waterproofing and Surface Layer Construction: A secondary waterproofing layer is constructed on the reinforced concrete sealing slab, followed by the application of the decorative surface layer.

[0062] In this application, the aforementioned process serves as a secondary technical reserve for the waterproofing and drainage of the lowered slab bathroom. Even when the original surface waterproofing material ages or is partially damaged, the lowered slab bathroom utilizes a secondary drainage system at the bottom to ensure that leaks can be smoothly discharged through the added secondary drainage pipes. During bathroom waterproofing construction, this secondary drainage and seepage prevention reserve, achieved by connecting sloping blind pipes to vertical drainage risers, enhances drainage at the bottom of the lowered slab, significantly reducing leakage on the structural slab surface, increasing resident comfort, and minimizing noise and maintenance complexities in the drainage pipes. The effect is highly significant.

[0063] A polymer waterproofing and protective layer was added at the original bathroom floor level, with the protective layer installed according to the slope. A geotextile was used to wrap blind pipes around the perimeter, which were then covered with gravel filter bags. The blind pipes passed through a vertical grid grate and connected to the outdoor vertical drainage pipe. Hollow bricks were vertically installed around the perimeter as a buffer zone for the backfilled expanded clay aggregate, with the brickwork level at the bottom of the finishing slab. Expanded clay aggregate was backfilled up to the hollow brick surface layer. Reinforcing bars were installed around the perimeter of the structure (ring beam), and a single layer of C8 steel bars was tied. A 50mm concrete slab was then poured. The finishing layer was constructed after the waterproofing overlap and protective layer were completed on this slab.

[0064] The slope of the waterproof protective layer at the drop-down slab location is fully utilized to meet the requirements of automatic drainage and increase the slope and flow direction of water after the blind pipe is placed. 1-3 layers of crushed stone are wrapped in filter bags, and the blind pipe is then completely covered with these filter bags. This prevents the filter holes in the blind pipe from becoming clogged and also avoids the crushed stone from clogging the gaps between the stones in the poured concrete, thus affecting water filtration and drainage. Hollow brick masonry serves as an isolation and support system, with expanded clay backfilled onto the hollow brick surface layer. A ring beam is tied at the expanded clay backfill surface layer, and reinforcing bars are installed. A sealed slab is then poured as a secondary overlap between the surface layer and the side wall waterproofing, as well as a decorative structural layer. This secondary waterproofing and drainage reserve technology greatly reduces the risk of leakage and the difficulty of maintenance.

[0065] This process is suitable for lowered slab locations in residential, commercial, mixed-use, school, and hospital buildings. It is also applicable to bathroom structures where complex piping layouts within the structural slab make grouting for waterproofing difficult. It is suitable for deep foundation pit excavations with strict deformation requirements and permanent retaining structures for underground buildings. It serves as a water cutoff and seepage prevention below the groundwater level, and can also bear the permanent load of the superstructure, functioning as both a retaining wall and a load-bearing foundation.

[0066] In some embodiments of this application, a construction method for a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system includes: Step S1: Base treatment and slope layer formation.

[0067] First, treat the structural slab base layer in the lowered area of ​​the bathroom: remove laitance, seal bolt holes and pre-installed sleeves, chisel down protruding edges, and chamfer all around. Based on the designed drain location, create a slope towards the drainage point with a gradient of no less than 3%. Treat base layer cracks: for cracks ≤0.3mm, apply two coats of polymer waterproof coating after chiseling; for cracks ≥0.5mm or through cracks, perform grouting. After treatment, conduct a 24-hour water tightness test to confirm no leakage.

[0068] Next, apply the polymer cement-based waterproof coating: clean the substrate, mix the coating according to the specified ratio, reinforce the corners, pipe roots, and other joints, and then apply the waterproof coating in layers in a crisscross pattern. After the waterproof layer is completed and passes inspection, pour a 50mm thick C20 fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer. This protective layer must have the same slope as the base layer, and the surface should be smoothed and compacted.

[0069] Specifically, the process of cleaning and sloping the base layer of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%, and constructing a waterproof layer followed by pouring a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope, includes:

[0070] The bathroom's structural surfaces should be chamfered around the perimeter, excess laitance removed, bolt holes sealed, flat surfaces and protruding edges chiseled out, pre-reserved openings fitted with sleeves and sealed with waterproof mortar, and a slope greater than 3% set according to the location of the floor drain;

[0071] The process involves sequentially treating the substrate, preparing the polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing the waterproofing at joints, applying the polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer.

[0072] For example, the slope is lowered and cleaned, the corners of the bathroom structure are chamfered, excess laitance is removed, bolt holes are sealed, the flat surface and protruding edges are chiseled, the reserved openings are fitted with sleeves and sealed with waterproof mortar, the slope is set according to the location of the drainage floor drain with a slope greater than 3%, and a 24-hour structural water tightness test is conducted. For cracks at leakage locations: cracks ≤0.3mm are grooved and coated with two coats of "Black Panther" crack-resistant elastic polymer waterproof coating; cracks ≥0.5mm or through cracks are treated with grouting.

[0073] Furthermore, the process of sequentially performing substrate treatment, preparing polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing waterproofing at joints, applying polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer yields a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer, including:

[0074] Base surface treatment: Remove the laitance with a polishing machine and clean up construction waste (e.g., with a broom or shovel). Rinse thoroughly with a high-pressure water gun. Repair any chipped edges or sand on the base surface with high-grade mortar. Chamfer the corners when creating the slope.

[0075] Prepare the emulsion, cement, and water components according to the preset weight ratio, for example, emulsion:cement:water = 1:1.5:0.3. Use a mixer to stir until a uniform and fine mixture without lumps is obtained to obtain the polymer cement-based waterproof coating. Specifically, the preparation of the polymer cement-based waterproof coating is as follows: Weigh the waterproof coating (emulsion:cement:water) accurately according to the instructions, prepare the waterproof coating (emulsion:cement:water) according to the ratio, and stir with a mixer until a uniform and fine mixture without lumps is ready for use. The amount of material to be prepared is assessed based on the amount of work and labor intensity. The prepared material should be used within two hours.

[0076] Strengthening waterproofing at joints: Apply a polymer cement-based waterproof coating reinforcement layer to vulnerable waterproofing joints that are prone to leakage, such as inside and outside corners, construction joints, floor drains, and reserved sleeves, according to design or specification requirements. A reinforcing material is added in the middle of the coating.

[0077] Waterproofing reinforcement at joints: Apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating to vulnerable joints prone to leakage according to design requirements or specifications to form a reinforcing layer; add a reinforcing material in the middle of the coating.

[0078] Apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers: Apply the polymer cement-based waterproof coating in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Each subsequent layer should be applied when the previous layer is surface dry but not completely dry (generally, about 2 to 4 hours between layers), until it is no longer sticky to the touch.

[0079] Apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating in two layers: apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating in two directions, longitudinal and transverse. When applying the next layer, apply it when the previous layer is surface dry but not completely dry (generally, about 2 to 4 hours between the two layers), and it is not completely dry to the touch.

[0080] Waterproofing layer finishing: When selecting waterproofing coatings, polymer cement-based waterproofing coatings should be chosen based on the actual situation. The correct construction steps must be followed to ensure the tightness and stability of the waterproofing layer. Pay attention to details, such as special treatment of corners and drainage outlets, to ensure the tightness and stability of the waterproofing layer. At the same time, the coating should be mixed according to the product instructions, and attention should be paid to the thickness and evenness of the application to avoid problems such as missed areas and bubbles.

[0081] Waterproofing layer edge finishing: Treat the edges of the waterproofing layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproofing protective layer.

[0082] Step S2: Laying the anti-blocking drainage network, specifically, laying circumferential permeable blind pipes wrapped with geotextile around the perimeter of the drop plate on the waterproof protective layer, including:

[0083] A PVC25 pipe with plum blossom-shaped permeable holes is used as a permeable blind pipe. The permeable holes have a diameter of 10 mm and a spacing of 100 mm.

[0084] The permeable blind pipe is wrapped with two layers of geotextile and laid circumferentially along the chamfered corner of the lowered wall, so that it is tightly attached to the junction of the side wall and the bottom of the lowered wall during installation.

[0085] U-shaped clips are used to fix the permeable blind pipes covered with geotextile, ensuring that their installation position is smooth;

[0086] Connect the circumferential permeable blind pipe to the vertical drainage pipe to ensure that the longitudinal installation slope and the transverse drainage slope meet the design requirements;

[0087] After the permeable blind pipe is installed, protective measures should be taken to prevent it from being blocked by cement slurry.

[0088] For example, PVC25 pipes are used, with staggered holes and elbows for connection, laid around the chamfered edges of the lowered slab wall. U-shaped clips are used for fixing to prevent slippage during construction. The filter blind pipes are intact, with 10mm perforations spaced 100mm apart, and wrapped with two layers of geotextile. The circumferential filter blind pipes around the lowered slab of the bathroom should be installed longitudinally close to the wall base, and based on past experience with bathroom lowered slab leakage and actual conditions, should be installed close to the side walls and bottom of the slab to reduce resistance to water leakage from the upper part converging into the drainage blind pipes. The drainage blind pipes should be smoothly arranged, avoiding unevenness. Appropriate protective measures should be taken to prevent cement slurry from entering and clogging the drainage blind pipes. The connections of the blind pipe system should be secure and unobstructed. The slope of the longitudinal drainage blind pipes should meet design requirements, and the transverse blind pipes leading to the vertical drain pipes should have sufficient drainage slope.

[0089] Graded crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3mm is used as filler and packed into 60cm×70cm permeable filter bags to form prefabricated filter units. These prefabricated filter units are then dispersed and evenly laid along the direction of the blind pipe, completely covering a 100mm wide area on each side of the blind pipe, with a covering layer thickness of 150mm. Specifically, washed crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3mm is packed into 60cm×70cm permeable filter bags to form prefabricated filter units. These bagged crushed stones are then evenly laid along the direction of the blind pipe, completely covering a 100mm wide and 150mm thick area on each side of the blind pipe.

[0090] For example, along a 100mm wide area of ​​the blind pipe, cover it with 1-3mm of crushed stone to a thickness of 150mm. After the crushed stone arrives on site, it needs to be thoroughly cleaned with a high-pressure water gun to ensure that the dried crushed stone is free of mud, silt, and dust residue, ensuring the leakage path is unobstructed. The crushed stone is then wrapped in filter bags (60×70cm) and placed evenly along the filter pipe, until it completely covers both sides of the filter pipe to a width of 100mm and a height of 150mm. The bagged crushed stone should be kept dry, and there should be no standing water around it. After everything has stabilized, begin laying hollow bricks to partition the lowered slab of the bathroom.

[0091] Step S3: Construction of isolation supports and rigid sealing layer. Within the lowered slab area, construct isolation strips using hollow bricks to divide the area into sections. At the structural ring beam position at the top of the lowered slab, perform rebar installation according to design requirements: positioning, drilling, hole cleaning, adhesive injection, rebar insertion, curing, and conducting pull-out tests. After the rebar installation is qualified, tie the ring beam and the slab surface steel mesh.

[0092] The process of constructing a hollow brick isolation strip within the lowered slab, connecting the upper edge of the lowered slab area to the original structure via rebar anchoring, binding a steel mesh, and pouring a reinforced concrete closed slab includes: after dividing the lowered slab into sections by constructing hollow bricks, drilling, cleaning, and inserting rebars into the structural surface at the upper edge of the lowered slab according to the design positions to form rebar anchors; specifically, this includes: cleaning the structural surface layer, using a laser instrument to determine the position and elevation of the ring beam, marking the locations on the structural curb where rebar anchoring is required, marking the diameter and depth of the rebar to be anchored; mechanically drilling holes at the designated positions according to the anchoring depth, cleaning the holes with an air pump, and removing dust from the holes; injecting structural adhesive to 2 / 3 of the hole depth into the hole, then rotating the rebar several times in a certain direction and inserting the rebar into the hole to ensure a tight bond between the rebar, the structural adhesive, and the concrete hole wall; after the structural adhesive has fully cured and passed the pull-out test, welding the rebar on one side; binding a steel mesh to the anchored rebar, installing a template, and pouring concrete to form a closed slab ring beam connected to the original structure of the lowered slab.

[0093] For example, the installation of a ring beam with rebar anchoring involves the following steps: marking and positioning → drilling → cleaning dust from the holes → injecting structural adhesive → rebar treatment → rebar insertion → curing. First, clean the surface of the structure, removing dust and laitance to ensure the original concrete surface within the rebar anchoring area is clean. Use a laser to determine the position and elevation of the ring beam, and mark the lines on the structural curb. Mark the locations where rebar needs to be anchored, indicating the diameter and depth of the rebar to be installed. Drill mechanically according to the predetermined hole positions, ensuring the anchoring depth is within the design requirements. The hole diameter should ensure the gap between rebars on each side is greater than 2mm. Clean the holes with an air pump to ensure they are clean and free of dust. Inject structural adhesive into the holes, generally to a depth of 2 / 3 of the hole depth. Then insert the rebar into the hole, rotating it several times in a specific direction to ensure a tight bond between the rebar, the structural adhesive, and the concrete hole wall. Allow sufficient time for the structural adhesive to cure after rebar insertion. The next construction step can only proceed after the structural adhesive has fully cured. After the structural adhesive has fully cured and the pull-out test is passed, single-sided welding of the rebar will be performed for 10 days. After the reinforcing bars are tied, the formwork is installed and the concrete is poured.

[0094] Table 1 below shows the drilling diameter and rebar insertion depth for different rebar diameters.

[0095] Reinforcing bar type and diameter (mm) Drill hole diameter (mm) Rebar insertion depth (mm) Ф6 10 80 Ф8 12 100 Ф10 14 100 Ф12 16 150 Ф14 18 160 Ф16 20 200

[0096] Install a lateral grating at the external drainage outlet on the side wall of the drop slab. Pass the outlet of the circumferential blind pipe through the grating via a horizontal pipe section, and reliably connect it to the vertical drainage riser using an eccentric joint. Apply PVC glue to the joint and check for leaks.

[0097] A lateral grating is installed at the external drainage outlet on the side wall of the lowered slab, and the horizontal drainage pipe is passed through the grating and connected to the vertical drainage riser. Specifically, this includes: installing a lateral grating at the external drainage outlet of the lowered slab, and making a hole in the middle of the grating according to the diameter of the drainage pipe; measuring the required pipe section length at the connection point, cutting it with a saw, and connecting the section of drainage pipe through the lateral grating to the vertical drainage riser; fixing the upper end of the grating to the ring beam, fixing the lower end to the structural layer, covering the bottom frame with the leveling layer, and sealing the gaps with waterproof mortar; fixing the connection with anchor bolts, checking whether the connection is good and whether there is any leakage. If leakage is found, disassemble and check the cause. After ensuring that there is no leakage at the joint, wrap the perimeter of the grating and the blind pipe with gravel.

[0098] For example, after the ring beam is poured, a lateral grating is installed at the external drainage outlet of the lowered slab. A hole is cut in the middle of the grating according to the diameter of the drainage pipe, ensuring the pipe passes through and connects to the vertical drainage riser. The required pipe section length at the connection is measured and cut using a saw. No drilling is required for this section of the drainage pipe passing through the lateral grating; ensure the cut is clean and burr-free. The upper edge of the grating is fixed to the ring beam, and the lower edge is fixed to the structural layer. The bottom frame is covered by the leveling layer, and the gaps are sealed with waterproof mortar. Anchor bolts are used to fix the connection, and the connection is checked for good adhesion and leakage. If leakage is found, the grating is disassembled and the cause is checked. After ensuring there is no leakage at the joint, the perimeter of the grating, along with the blind pipe, is wrapped with gravel.

[0099] For blind pipe connections to vertical drainage ditches, specifically, apply a dedicated PVC adhesive evenly to the connection section where the pipe passes through the grating and to the socket, ensuring even application but not excessive to prevent overflow. Connect the pipe sections: Insert the horizontal drain pipe into the socket of the vertical pipe, ensuring a tight connection. Secure and inspect: Temporarily secure the connection using clamps or ropes, checking for a good connection and no leaks. If leaks are found, disassemble and investigate the cause. Fill gaps: If noticeable gaps are found, fill them with a dedicated PVC sealant. Final inspection: After installation, conduct a thorough inspection to ensure there are no leaks and drainage is smooth.

[0100] Backfill the divided areas with expanded clay aggregate to the predetermined height. Then install the formwork and pour foamed concrete (or ordinary fine aggregate concrete) to form a rigid closed slab that is integrated with the surrounding structure.

[0101] Lightweight material is backfilled into the lowered slab compartments to the predetermined height, and steel mesh is tied above the backfill layer. Finally, foamed concrete is poured to form a closed slab structure.

[0102] For example, during the pouring of foamed concrete, reinforcement bars are installed at 6@200 intervals around the perimeter of the structure, based on the elevation of the expanded clay aggregate and hollow brick masonry. The structural surface is then roughened. The sunken bathroom is divided into sections using masonry, with the bricks serving as single-layer reinforcement supports. Expanded clay aggregate is backfilled according to a grid, ensuring the backfill thickness meets requirements. A laser instrument is used to determine the elevation and ensure the pouring thickness of the fine aggregate concrete. During the pouring process, the thickness of the reinforcement protective layer and the pouring thickness are carefully controlled. The poured foamed concrete is then vibrated to ensure its density and strength. Afterwards, curing is performed, maintaining appropriate humidity and temperature to promote uniform hardening and solidification of the foamed concrete.

[0103] Step S4: Secondary waterproofing and surface layer construction. The surface of the poured reinforced concrete slab undergoes base treatment: cleaning, repairing, and chamfering to ensure it is flat, clean, and dry. Then, a second waterproofing layer is applied to the base layer, with reinforcement treatment at pipe roots and other areas, ensuring even application without any omissions.

[0104] Specifically, the construction of a secondary waterproof layer on the reinforced concrete slab followed by the application of a decorative surface layer includes: treating the surface of the reinforced concrete slab by removing debris and smoothing it to ensure the substrate is clean and dry, and chamfering its edges; applying waterproof coating in layers to the treated substrate to form a secondary waterproof layer, ensuring even application without omissions, and adding additional waterproof coating layers at the junction of the pipes and the substrate.

[0105] For example, the construction of secondary waterproofing and protective layers includes substrate preparation: removing laitance, dust, and other debris from the ground, repairing uneven areas, ensuring the substrate is flat, clean, and dry, and beveling the edges. Application: Apply the mixed waterproofing coating evenly to the substrate using a roller or brush. The coating should be thin and even, without omissions or accumulation. After the first coat, wait for it to dry completely before applying the second coat. Add additional waterproofing layers at the junction of pipes and the substrate; similarly, wait for the previous coat to dry completely before applying the next. After application, avoid contact with water or other contaminants for 24 hours. After the curing period, other construction work can proceed.

[0106] In some embodiments of this application, the construction of a secondary waterproof layer on the reinforced concrete slab followed by the application of a decorative surface layer includes: treating and wetting the surface of the reinforced concrete slab; constructing the secondary waterproof layer on the treated substrate and completing a water tightness test; installing a threshold stone and performing waterproof sealing treatment on its underside and around it; laying floor tiles on the secondary waterproof layer; and grouting the gaps between the laid floor tiles.

[0107] For example, bathroom installation specifically includes: base treatment → waterproofing construction → threshold stone installation → floor tile laying → grouting and cleaning → protection and maintenance.

[0108] The process includes: Base treatment and surface cleaning: Thoroughly remove oil, dust, cement residue, and other debris from the original surface. Checking flatness: Use a spirit level or laser level to check if the surface is flat; level any uneven areas with cement mortar. Wetting the base layer: Before laying, thoroughly wet the base layer with water, but avoid water accumulation, as this helps the waterproofing material adhere.

[0109] Waterproofing work includes: establishing an effective waterproof barrier to prevent moisture from seeping into the floor below or walls, and protecting the structural safety of the building.

[0110] Choose waterproofing materials: Select reliable and environmentally friendly waterproofing materials, such as polyurethane waterproof coatings and waterproof membranes.

[0111] Apply waterproof layer: Apply waterproof coating or lay waterproof membrane evenly according to the product instructions, ensuring no omissions or air bubbles.

[0112] Water tightness test: After the waterproof layer dries, conduct a water tightness test for 24-48 hours to check for any leakage.

[0113] The purpose of installing a threshold stone is to separate the bathroom from the outside area. The threshold stone needs to have good waterproof performance to prevent water from overflowing.

[0114] Measurement and positioning: Accurately measure the threshold position to ensure that the installation is level and meets design requirements.

[0115] Waterproofing: Waterproofing should be done in advance under the threshold, and waterproof mortar can be used to seal the edges.

[0116] Fixed installation: Securely install the threshold stone using specialized adhesive or cement mortar, ensuring it remains level. Floor tile installation includes: laying aesthetically pleasing, durable, and slip-resistant floor tiles to enhance the bathroom's user experience.

[0117] Tile selection and layout: Select suitable tiles according to the design style and arrange them reasonably to ensure an aesthetically pleasing effect.

[0118] Wet or dry laying: Choose between wet or dry laying methods depending on the type of tile and the condition of the ground to ensure that the tiles are in close contact with the substrate.

[0119] Tapping and Adjustment: During the laying process, gently tap the tiles with a rubber mallet to adjust their position, ensuring flatness and even grout lines.

[0120] Grouting and cleaning beautify tile gaps, prevent dirt buildup, and enhance waterproofing.

[0121] Choosing a grout: Select a grout that is similar to or contrasts with the color of the tiles.

[0122] Grouting: Use a special tool to evenly fill the tile gaps with grout and clean up any excess promptly.

[0123] Cleaning and maintenance: After the grout has dried, use a damp cloth or vacuum cleaner to clean the surface dust and keep the floor clean.

[0124] Protect and maintain your floor tiles to extend their lifespan and keep your bathroom looking beautiful and fully functional.

[0125] Avoid impacts from heavy objects: Take care to protect the floor tiles from impacts from heavy objects to prevent damage.

[0126] Regular cleaning: Clean the floor regularly with a neutral detergent, avoiding the use of strong acid or alkali solutions.

[0127] Anti-slip treatment: Keep the floor dry. You can lay anti-slip mats or use anti-slip tiles in areas that are prone to slipping, such as shower areas.

[0128] Regular inspections: Regularly inspect the condition of floor tiles, waterproofing layer, and threshold stone, and deal with any problems promptly.

[0129] After the waterproof layer has dried and passed the water tightness test, proceed with the decorative surface layer construction: install the threshold stone and ensure proper waterproof sealing at the bottom, lay the floor tiles, and finally grout and clean the grout lines. After construction is complete, the floor should be cleaned and maintained regularly, and the condition of the waterproofing and drainage system should be checked.

[0130] In some embodiments of this application, a sump-type toilet self-draining filtration system is also disclosed, manufactured by the above method, the system comprising:

[0131] The reinforced structural base layer is the original structural slab with a slope and has been treated with high-pressure grouting.

[0132] A primary waterproof drainage layer, located on the reinforced structural base layer, includes a waterproof coating, a sloped fine stone concrete protective layer, and a geotextile-wrapped circumferential blind pipe laid thereon.

[0133] The long-lasting anti-clogging layer is a bagged gravel filter covering the circumferential blind tube;

[0134] The rigid enclosure and diversion layer is a reinforced concrete slab that is fixedly connected to the surrounding structure by rebar anchoring. This layer integrates a lateral drainage grid and a drainage outlet that connects the circumferential blind pipe and the vertical drainage riser.

[0135] The lightweight backfill layer, located within the space defined by the hollow brick isolation strip, is filled with expanded clay aggregate;

[0136] A secondary waterproof and finishing layer is located above the rigid sealing and diversion layer.

[0137] Specific application examples

[0138] The bathrooms in a residential project were constructed using this method. The construction site is shown below. Figure 2 As shown in the figure. After the system was completed, long-term use and observation showed no leakage, effectively verifying the reliability and superiority of the self-draining water filtration system.

[0139] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such modifications and improvements fall within the protection scope of the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0140] As the apparatus embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, it is described in a relatively simple manner. For relevant details, please refer to the description of the method embodiment.

[0141] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0142] Although preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, those skilled in the art, upon learning the basic inventive concept, can make other changes and modifications to these embodiments. Therefore, the appended claims are intended to be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments as well as all changes and modifications falling within the scope of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0143] Finally, it should be noted that in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or terminal device that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or terminal device. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or terminal device that includes the aforementioned element.

[0144] The above provides a detailed description of a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system and its construction method. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction method for a sunken toilet self-draining filtration system, characterized in that, include: Clean and slope the base layer of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%; construct a waterproof layer and pour a fine stone concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope. On the waterproof protective layer, a circumferential permeable blind pipe wrapped with geotextile is laid around the perimeter of the drop plate; then, a prefabricated filter unit formed by wrapping graded crushed stone with a permeable filter bag is used to cover and wrap the blind pipe. A hollow brick isolation strip is built inside the lowered slab; the upper opening of the lowered slab area is connected to the original structure by rebar installation, a steel mesh is tied and a reinforced concrete sealing slab is poured; a lateral drainage grid is installed before pouring and the circumferential blind pipe outlet is connected to it. A secondary waterproof layer is applied to the reinforced concrete slab, followed by the application of the decorative surface layer.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of cleaning and sloping the base layer of the drop slab structure, with a slope greater than 3%, and constructing a waterproof layer followed by pouring a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer with the same slope, includes: The bathroom's structural surfaces should be chamfered around the perimeter, excess laitance removed, bolt holes sealed, flat surfaces and protruding edges chiseled out, pre-reserved openings fitted with sleeves and sealed with waterproof mortar, and a slope greater than 3% set according to the location of the floor drain; The process involves sequentially treating the substrate, preparing the polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing the waterproofing at joints, applying the polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The process involves sequentially treating the substrate, preparing the polymer cement-based waterproof coating, reinforcing the waterproofing at joints, applying the polymer cement-based waterproof coating in layers, and finishing the edges of the waterproof layer to obtain a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer, including: The laitance was removed using a polishing machine, and construction debris was cleared away. The area was then rinsed clean with a high-pressure water gun. Prepare the emulsion, cement and water components according to the preset weight ratio, and stir with a mixer until they are in a uniform and fine state without lumps to obtain a polymer cement-based waterproof coating. According to design requirements or specifications, apply polymer cement-based waterproof coating to vulnerable waterproof joints that are prone to leakage to form a reinforcing layer; add a reinforcing material in the middle of the coating. The polymer cement-based waterproof coating is applied in two layers, one in the longitudinal direction and one in the transverse direction. The next layer is applied when the previous layer is surface dry but not completely dry. The coating is considered not completely dry when it is no longer sticky to the touch. By treating the edges of the waterproof layer, a fine aggregate concrete waterproof protective layer is obtained.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method of laying circumferential permeable blind pipes wrapped with geotextile around the perimeter of the drop plate on the waterproof protective layer includes: A PVC25 pipe with plum blossom-shaped permeable holes is used as a permeable blind pipe. The permeable holes have a diameter of 10 mm and a spacing of 100 mm. The permeable blind pipe is wrapped with two layers of geotextile and laid circumferentially along the chamfered corner of the lowered wall, so that it is tightly attached to the junction of the side wall and the bottom of the lowered wall during installation. U-shaped clips are used to fix the permeable blind pipes covered with geotextile, ensuring that their installation position is smooth; Connect the circumferential permeable blind pipe to the vertical drainage pipe to ensure that the longitudinal installation slope and the transverse drainage slope meet the design requirements; After the permeable blind pipe is installed, protective measures should be taken to prevent it from being blocked by cement slurry.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The prefabricated filter unit, formed by wrapping graded crushed stone with a permeable filter bag, covers and encloses the blind pipe, including: Graded crushed stone with a particle size of 1-3mm is used as filler and is packed into a permeable filter bag with a specification of 60cm×70cm to form a prefabricated filter unit. The prefabricated filter units are laid out evenly and dispersed along the direction of the blind pipe, so that they completely cover a 100mm wide area on both sides of the blind pipe, and the thickness of the covering layer is 150mm.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hollow brick isolation strip is constructed within the lowered slab; The upper edge of the lowered slab area is connected to the original structure by rebar installation, steel mesh is tied, and a reinforced concrete slab is poured to close the slab, including: After constructing hollow bricks inside the drop slab to create a partition, drill holes, clean the holes, and insert steel bars into the structural surface at the top of the drop slab according to the design position to form a rebar anchor. A steel mesh is tied to the anchor bars, a formwork is installed, and concrete is poured to form a closed slab ring beam connected to the original structure of the lowered slab. A lateral grating is installed at the external drainage outlet on the side wall of the drop plate, and the horizontal drainage pipe is connected to the vertical drainage riser after passing through the grating. Lightweight material is backfilled into the lowered slab compartments to the predetermined height, and steel mesh is tied above the backfill layer. Finally, foamed concrete is poured to form a closed slab structure.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of constructing a secondary waterproofing layer on the reinforced concrete slab, followed by the application of a decorative surface layer, includes: The surface of the reinforced concrete enclosure slab is treated with a base layer, removing debris and repairing it to ensure that the base layer is clean and dry, and the edges around it are chamfered. Apply waterproof coating in layers on the treated substrate to form a secondary waterproof layer. The coating should be applied evenly and without omissions. Additional layers of waterproof coating should be applied at the junction of the pipes and the substrate.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of constructing a secondary waterproofing layer on the reinforced concrete slab, followed by the application of a decorative surface layer, includes: The surface of the reinforced concrete enclosure slab is treated with a base layer and then moistened. Apply a secondary waterproofing layer to the treated substrate and complete a water tightness test; Install a threshold stone and perform waterproof sealing treatment on its underside and around it; Lay floor tiles on the secondary waterproof layer; Grout the gaps between the laid floor tiles.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, After grouting the gaps between the laid floor tiles, the process also includes regular inspection, cleaning, and anti-slip maintenance of the floor tiles and threshold stones.

10. A sunken toilet self-draining filtration system constructed according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, include: The reinforced structural base layer is the original structural slab with a slope and has been treated with high-pressure grouting. A primary waterproof drainage layer, located on the reinforced structural base layer, includes a waterproof coating, a sloped fine stone concrete protective layer, and a geotextile-wrapped circumferential blind pipe laid thereon. The long-lasting anti-clogging layer is a bagged gravel filter covering the circumferential blind tube; The rigid enclosure and diversion layer is a reinforced concrete slab that is fixedly connected to the surrounding structure by rebar anchoring. This layer integrates a lateral drainage grid and a drainage outlet that connects the circumferential blind pipe and the vertical drainage riser. The lightweight backfill layer, located within the space defined by the hollow brick isolation strip, is filled with expanded clay aggregate; A secondary waterproof and finishing layer is located above the rigid sealing and diversion layer.

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