Pelvic channel screw positioning system with digital navigation interface and positioning method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a pelvic channel screw positioning system with a digital navigation interface, and belongs to the technical field of medical instruments, the pelvic channel screw positioning system comprises an arc-shaped positioner main body, a guide sleeve slidably connected to an adjusting device through a sliding block and a locking mechanism, and the digital navigation interface is rigidly fixed to the side portion of the guide sleeve. The digital tracing interface is used for installing an optical or electromagnetic space tracing element, and when the guide sleeve slides in the second sliding groove along with the sliding block, the digital tracing interface synchronously collects vector displacement data and converts the vector displacement data into needle passage axis coordinates through a mapping matrix. The problem that repeated X-ray perspective positioning is needed in a traditional pelvic surgery is solved, real-time needle insertion deviation feedback is achieved through a digital interface, the accuracy of screw implantation is remarkably improved, and the risk of radiation exposure of doctors and patients is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of medical device technology, and more specifically, to a pelvic channel screw positioning system and positioning method with a digital navigation interface. Background Technology

[0002] Hip pelvic fractures are a common type of fracture. Due to the irregular anatomical structure of the pelvis and the complex types of displacement, precise reduction and fixation are crucial for the patient's postoperative functional recovery.

[0003] Current traditional treatment methods mostly employ open reduction and internal fixation with plates. While this allows direct visualization of the injured area, the deep location of the pelvis necessitates large incisions and extensive soft tissue dissection, leading to a high risk of vascular and nerve injury, as well as incision infection. In recent years, minimally invasive channel screw technology has gradually become a research hotspot. However, existing screw locators typically rely on manual operation and repeated X-ray fluoroscopy, which not only makes it difficult to guarantee accuracy but also increases radiation exposure for both doctors and patients and surgical time. Therefore, developing a pelvic channel screw positioning system that can improve positioning accuracy, achieve digital real-time guidance, and has a high fault tolerance rate is an urgent problem to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a channel screw positioning device that better preserves joint function, promotes faster postoperative recovery, and reduces the likelihood of complications. It is simple to manufacture, highly repeatable, avoids human error, and saves surgical time. Simultaneously, it reduces medical costs and improves patient satisfaction, making it more practical. This addresses the problems of existing channel screw implantation mentioned in the background art, such as the irregular bone structure of the pelvis, the small screw channel range, and the low tolerance for error, which necessitates repeated fluoroscopy and adjustments during surgery to achieve satisfactory positioning, increasing surgical time and blood loss.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a pelvic channel screw positioning system with a digital navigation interface, comprising a locator body, a guide sleeve, a locking mechanism, an adapter, and an adjustment device; the locator body is configured with an arc-shaped structure; the guide sleeve is slidably engaged with the adjustment device and can slide along the length direction of the adjustment device; the locking mechanism is disposed between the adjustment device and the guide sleeve; further comprising: a digital tracer interface, rigidly fixed to the side of the guide sleeve, for mounting a spatial position sensing element; the digital tracer interface moves synchronously with the guide sleeve along the adjustment device to provide real-time feedback of the vector displacement data of the guide sleeve in three-dimensional space.

[0006] Furthermore, the top of the adjustment device is provided with a first sliding groove, and the front and back sides are provided with second sliding grooves; the guide sleeve is connected to sliders on both the front and back sides, and the sliders slide within the second sliding groove.

[0007] Furthermore, the guide sleeve is configured as a funnel structure, and the top of the guide sleeve is positioned between the slide grooves.

[0008] Furthermore, the locking mechanism includes a nut and a screw, the screw being connected to the slider of the guide sleeve, and the nut being provided on the screw for locking the adjusting device and the guide sleeve.

[0009] Furthermore, the adapter is located at the end of the locator body and is used to rigidly calibrate the positioning system with the operating table or external reference frame.

[0010] A method for locating pelvic canal screws includes the following steps:

[0011] S1 Establish mapping relationship: Collect the sliding trajectory of the guide sleeve on the adjustment device, and establish a mapping matrix between the mechanical motion trajectory and the feedback coordinates of the digital tracer interface;

[0012] S2 Spatial Registration: The patient's preoperative three-dimensional medical image coordinate system is registered with the mechanical coordinate system of the positioning system through feature points on the adapter or locator body;

[0013] S3 Dynamic Guidance: Real-time acquisition of the spatial signal of the digital tracer interface, and display on the display terminal the real-time deviation value of the guide sleeve central axis relative to the patient's pelvic channel;

[0014] S4 Positioning and Locking: Slide the guide sleeve according to the guidance prompts of the display terminal until the preset needle insertion path is reached, and complete the physical locking using the locking mechanism.

[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the system calculates and predicts the safe range value of the needle insertion depth at the current position of the guide sleeve based on the mapping matrix.

[0016] Furthermore, the top of the guide sleeve is positioned between the slide grooves.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0018] By transforming traditional mechanical sliding into visualized spatial coordinates through a digital tracer interface, the problem of "blind puncture" or reliance on repeated fluoroscopy in traditional surgery is solved, and the number of fluoroscopy sessions can be reduced by more than 60%.

[0019] The rigid connection between the digital tracer interface and the guide sleeve ensures that data acquisition is delayed and the system can provide real-time feedback on the needle insertion deviation value, controlling the screw insertion accuracy to within 1mm.

[0020] The locking mechanism, through the cooperation of the nut and the slider, can generate a locking force sufficient to resist the resistance of the bone cortex, preventing the guide sleeve from shifting during needle insertion.

[0021] Using the adapter at the end of the locator as a fixed calibration point simplifies the intraoperative registration process and shortens the surgical preparation time. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the front structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the guide sleeve and locking mechanism of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the entire invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the digital tracer interface structure of the present invention.

[0028] In the figure: 1. Positioner body, 11. Slide 1, 12. Slide 2, 2. Guide sleeve, 21. Slider, 3. Locking mechanism, 31. Nut, 32. Screw, 4. Adapter, 5. Adjustment device, 6. Digital tracer interface. Detailed Implementation

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "both ends," "one end," and "the other end," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "equipped with," "connected," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can be a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Please see Figure 1-5 This invention provides a technical solution: the working logic of this system is based on real-time transformation of spatial coordinate systems. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the locator body 1 serves as the support reference for the entire system, and its arc-shaped trajectory simulates the anatomical curvature of the pelvis. An adjustment device 5 is provided at the top of the locator body 1, and the adjustment device 5 achieves a wide range of sliding adjustment on the locator body 1 through the slide groove 11.

[0033] The specific positioning and digital collaboration process are as follows: (e.g.) Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the guide sleeve 2 is embedded in the groove 12 of the adjustment device 5 by sliders 21 symmetrically arranged on both sides of its central axis. When the needle insertion position needs to be adjusted, the guide sleeve 2 is manually pushed, and the sliders 21 slide with low friction in the groove 12. At this time, the digital tracer interface 6, which is rigidly fixed to the outer wall of the guide sleeve 2, carries the optical tracer ball or electromagnetic sensor to move synchronously. Since the digital tracer interface 6 and the central cavity of the guide sleeve 2 have a preset rigid geometric relationship, the displacement signal captured by the sensing element is transmitted to the external navigation workstation through the digital tracer interface 6. The workstation uses a preset mapping matrix formula to convert the dynamic coordinates of the digital tracer interface 6 into a virtual projection trajectory of the needle outlet at the bottom of the guide sleeve 2 in real time.

[0034] When the digital navigation interface displays that the axis of guide sleeve 2 is completely aligned with the pre-operative planned path, the rotation locking mechanism 3, as shown... Figure 3 As shown, the locking mechanism 3 includes a nut 31 and a screw 32. The screw 32 passes through the adjusting device 5 and abuts against the slider 21. By rotating the nut 31, an axial locking force is applied to generate static friction between the slider 21 and the side wall of the groove 12, thereby locking the guide sleeve 2 at the target coordinate point.

[0035] Finally, as Figure 4 As shown, the doctor inserts the Kirschner wire through the funnel-shaped opening at the top of the guide sleeve 2. During the insertion process, since the digital tracer interface 6 remains online, the system can monitor the stability after locking. If a slight deviation occurs, the digital tracer interface 6 will immediately sense it and issue an early warning to ensure that the pelvic channel screw that is finally inserted does not deviate from the predetermined track.

[0036] This system achieves precise positioning through the synergy of mechanical limiting and digital dynamic tracking. The arc-shaped structure of the locator body 1 is pre-set with a baseline trajectory for pelvic anatomy, and the adjustment device 5 at its top constrains the single degree of freedom of the guide sleeve 2 through slide groove 11 and slide groove 22. When the doctor pushes the guide sleeve 2, the sliders 21 on both sides move along slide groove 22, ensuring the stability of the central axis. At this time, the spatial position sensing element carried by the digital tracking interface 6 rigidly fixed to the side of the guide sleeve 2 moves synchronously, collecting three-dimensional vector data relative to the reference point of the adapter 4 at the end of the locator body 1. The pre-set mapping matrix inside the system converts the displacement of the slider 21 into the real-time coordinates of the needle insertion path. When the display terminal indicates that the central axis of the guide sleeve 2 coincides with the virtual planned path, the nut 31 of the locking mechanism 3 is manually rotated, so that the nut 31 and the screw 32 generate axial pressure, locking the slider 21 tightly in slide groove 22, completing the physical locking, thereby guiding the Kirschner needle to be precisely implanted into the target channel from the funnel-shaped guide sleeve 2.

[0037] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A pelvic channel screw positioning system with a digital navigation interface, comprising a locator body (1), a guide sleeve (2), a locking mechanism (3), an adapter (4), and an adjustment device (5); the locator body (1) is configured with an arc-shaped structure; the guide sleeve (2) is slidably engaged with the adjustment device (5) and can slide along the length direction of the adjustment device (5); the locking mechanism (3) is disposed between the adjustment device (5) and the guide sleeve (2); characterized in that, Also includes: The digital tracer interface (6) is rigidly fixed to the side of the guide sleeve (2) and is used to install a spatial position sensing element. The digital tracer interface (6) moves synchronously with the guide sleeve (2) along the adjustment device (5) to provide real-time feedback of the vector displacement data of the guide sleeve (2) in three-dimensional space.

2. The channel screw positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the adjustment device (5) is provided with a first groove (11), and the front and back sides are provided with second grooves (12); the guide sleeve (2) is connected to sliders (21) on both the front and back sides, and the sliders (21) slide in the second groove (12).

3. The channel screw positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide sleeve (2) is configured as a funnel structure, and the top of the guide sleeve (2) is positioned between the slide grooves (11).

4. The channel screw positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (3) includes a nut (31) and a screw (32). The screw (32) is connected to the slider (21) of the guide sleeve (2). The nut (31) is provided on the screw (32) for locking the adjusting device (5) and the guide sleeve (2).

5. A channel screw positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The adapter (4) is located at the end of the locator body (1) and is used to rigidly calibrate the positioning system with the operating table or external reference frame.

6. A method for pelvic channel screw positioning based on the system of claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 Establish mapping relationship: Collect the sliding trajectory of the guide sleeve (2) on the adjustment device (5) and establish a mapping matrix between the mechanical motion trajectory and the feedback coordinates of the digital tracer interface (6); S2 Spatial Registration: The patient's preoperative three-dimensional medical image coordinate system is registered with the mechanical coordinate system of the positioning system through the feature points on the adapter (4) or the locator body (1); S3 Dynamic Guidance: Real-time acquisition of the spatial signal of the digital tracer interface (6), and real-time deviation value of the central axis of the guide sleeve (2) relative to the patient's pelvic channel is presented on the display terminal; S4 Positioning and Locking: Slide the guide sleeve (2) according to the guidance prompts of the display terminal until the preset needle insertion path is reached, and use the locking mechanism (3) to complete the physical locking.

7. A positioning method according to claim 6, characterized in that: In step S3, the system calculates and predicts the safe range of needle insertion depth of the guide sleeve (2) at the current position based on the mapping matrix.

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