Super-uniform distribution spiral sheet liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction

Abstract

The present invention provides a liquid film reconstruction-based super uniform distribution spiral sheet liquid distributor, and relates to the technical field of chemical equipment, the device mainly comprises a distribution disc, a flow guide sleeve, a convergence hopper, a flow guide rod with a variable cross-section spiral blade and reconstruction sawteeth, and an independent riser with a reverse folding edge shielding cap, the core distribution mechanism depends on the variable cross-section helical blades, the gravitational potential energy of liquid is converted into rotation kinetic energy through the design that the width is gradually increased from top to bottom and the screw pitch is gradually reduced, so that a liquid film is stably spread from narrow to wide and from thick to thin under the driving of centrifugal force, and finally physical tearing is carried out through reconstructed sawteeth at the edges of the blades. A continuous liquid film is converted into a high-density fine equivalent dot matrix droplet array, the problems that a traditional distributor is insufficient in radial covering force and limited in distribution point density are solved, meanwhile, a shielding cap and a reverse folding edge are arranged at the top of a riser, liquid is effectively prevented from climbing on a wall by means of physical breakpoints, and entrainment and gas-liquid momentum interference under high loads are prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of chemical equipment technology, specifically to an ultra-uniformly distributed spiral vane liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction. Background Technology

[0002] A liquid distributor is disclosed according to Chinese publication number CN116036991A. The liquid distributor comprises two parts: a liquid-retaining tank and a distribution tank. The diameter of the liquid-retaining tank is smaller than that of the distribution tank, and it is placed above the distribution tank. Several small holes are opened at the bottom for initial liquid distribution, allowing the liquid to flow into the distribution tank at a low flow rate, reducing the impact on the liquid level in the distribution tank. An opening is made at the bottom of the distribution tank, and a funnel head is welded below the opening. A drainage pipe is installed below the funnel head. Under low spray density, the liquid forms a certain liquid layer in the drainage pipe and the funnel above it. Driven by the static pressure difference, the liquid flows down evenly and slowly. Using the liquid distributor of this invention, under low spray density, the liquid flows down from the outlet of the drainage pipe, thereby achieving uniform distribution. It is particularly suitable for liquid distribution under low spray density.

[0003] In the fields of petrochemicals, fine chemicals, and environmental protection, packed towers, as highly efficient gas-liquid mass transfer devices, are widely used in processes such as distillation, absorption, and desorption. The mass transfer efficiency of packed towers largely depends on the initial distribution of liquid on the packing surface. As the core internal component of packed towers, the function of the liquid distributor is to uniformly spray the reflux liquid or feed liquid onto the top of the packing, ensuring that the gas and liquid phases achieve full and uniform contact across the entire cross-section of the tower. Early liquid distributors mostly adopted trough, tube, or orifice plate structures. These distributors mainly rely on the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid level to drive the liquid to fall naturally through the drain holes at the bottom of the distribution plate. However, as the chemical industry develops towards high purity and ultra-fine processing (such as the production of electronic-grade chemicals), the requirements for the uniformity of liquid distribution are becoming increasingly stringent, and traditional distribution methods have gradually revealed their technical bottlenecks.

[0004] The aforementioned patent documents and prior art have the following technical problems when used: Problem 1: Traditional orifice plate or tubular distributors rely entirely on gravity for vertical dripping. After leaving the distribution point, the liquid lacks lateral diffusion power, causing the liquid to tend to accumulate in the center of the tower or in low-lying areas caused by installation errors. Meanwhile, the area near the tower wall suffers from deflection or dry zones due to a lack of effective guidance, making it difficult to achieve effective wetting of the entire cross-section. Question 2: Existing technologies improve distribution accuracy by increasing the number of openings, but due to the limitations of the mechanical strength of the distribution plate and the requirements for anti-clogging, there is a physical limit to the density of spray points. Moreover, when the liquid leaves the spray hole, it is easily affected by surface tension to form large and irregular flow streams, resulting in different droplet sizes entering the surface of the filler layer and extremely poor uniformity at the micro level. Question 3: During high-load operation of the packed tower, the strong upward airflow will collide violently with the downward liquid in the distribution area. This will not only cause the system pressure drop to increase sharply, but also blow away and deflect the evenly distributed droplets, and even produce serious mist entrainment (liquid backflow into the air pipe), causing the originally designed distribution accuracy to completely fail in dynamic operation. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a super-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] Technical solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a super-uniformly distributed spiral blade liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction, comprising a distribution disk, a circular hole on the surface of the distribution disk, a flow guide sleeve on the surface of the circular hole, a converging hopper on the top surface of the flow guide sleeve, a crossbeam on the inner wall of the flow guide sleeve, a flow guide rod on the surface of the crossbeam, variable cross-section spiral blades on the surface of the flow guide rod, reconstruction serrations on the surface of the variable cross-section spiral blades, a riser pipe on the surface of the circular hole, a support rod on the top surface of the riser pipe, a shielding cap at the end of the support rod, and a reverse folded edge on the surface of the shielding cap.

[0007] Preferably, the outer edge of the distribution disk is provided with a positioning ring, which is fixedly connected to the surface of the distribution disk by bolts.

[0008] Preferably, the circular holes are arranged in a linear array at equal intervals on the surface of the distribution plate, and the circular holes are arranged in an equilateral triangle array. The guide sleeve and the air riser are arranged in an alternating array on the surface of the circular holes.

[0009] Preferably, the upper edge of the guide sleeve is lower than the upper edge of the riser pipe, and a weir is provided at the upper edge of the guide sleeve, with the cross-sectional shape of the weir being V-shaped.

[0010] Preferably, the converging hopper is a conical cylinder that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, with the upper edge of the converging hopper closely attached to the surface of the weir, and the bottom outlet of the converging hopper axially aligned with the top of the guide rod.

[0011] Preferably, the crossbeams are symmetrically distributed in a cross shape, and the upper and lower surfaces of the crossbeams are inclined downwards in the direction of the guide rod.

[0012] Preferably, the width of the variable cross-section helical blade gradually increases from top to bottom, and the pitch of the variable cross-section helical blade gradually decreases from top to bottom.

[0013] Preferably, the reconstructed saw teeth are continuously arranged along the lower edge of the bottom end and the lower outer edge of the variable cross-section helical blade, the tips of the reconstructed saw teeth face downwards, and the shape of the reconstructed saw teeth is sawtooth-shaped.

[0014] Preferably, the top of the riser pipe is connected to the bottom surface of the shielding cap via a support rod, and the diameter of the shielding cap is larger than the diameter of the riser pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the shape of the shielding cap is conical umbrella-shaped, the shape of the reverse folded edge is outwardly inclined hook-shaped, and the reverse folded edges are arranged in a circumferential array on the outer edge of the shielding cap.

[0016] Beneficial effects This invention provides an ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction. It has the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention uses variable cross-section helical blades, with the blade width gradually increasing from top to bottom and the pitch gradually decreasing, to efficiently convert the gravitational potential energy of the liquid into rotational kinetic energy. As the liquid slides down, it is driven by centrifugal force and forced to spread smoothly radially outward from the guide rod, forming a conical liquid surface with controllable coverage. This structure completely solves the problem of insufficient radial coverage force of traditional distributors, eliminates distribution dead angles and wall flow hazards, and achieves primary full-section uniform distribution of liquid in terms of spatial scale.

[0017] 2. This invention utilizes the reconstructed serrations set on the edge of the variable cross-section helical blade to force physical intervention on the continuous liquid film that rotates and spreads along the helical surface. When the liquid slides to the serrations, it undergoes a multi-stage reconstruction process of "film spreading - tooth root cutting - tooth tip convergence", which tears and reconstructs the original single liquid film into countless tiny and equal discrete droplets. This mechanism of rotating instead of spraying greatly breaks through the traditional limitation on the number of openings, greatly increases the effective droplet density per unit area, and realizes the secondary fine ultra-uniform distribution of micro-particle size and spatial lattice.

[0018] 3. This invention, by setting up an independent riser pipe with a shielding cap and a reverse folded edge, plans a stable exhaust channel for the rising gas, achieving complete momentum isolation between the gas and liquid phases. The shielding cap prevents droplets from entering the gas channel, while the reverse folded edge effectively blocks the liquid from adhering to the wall by using physical breakpoints. This design ensures that the liquid is not impacted or disturbed by the rising airflow during spiral reconstruction, eliminating mist entrainment and splashing phenomena, enabling the equipment to maintain a stable distribution pattern within an extremely wide range of gas phase load fluctuations, achieving steady-state ultra-uniform distribution under all operating conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the flow guide sleeve of the present invention; Figure 5 This is an exploded view of the flow guide sleeve and variable cross-section helical blade of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a structural diagram of the variable cross-section helical blade of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the riser pipe of the present invention.

[0020] The components are: 1. Distribution plate; 2. Positioning ring; 3. Circular hole; 4. Guide sleeve; 5. Air riser pipe; 6. Converging bucket; 7. Crossbeam; 8. Guide rod; 9. Variable cross section spiral blade; 10. Reconstructed sawtooth; 11. Support rod; 12. Shielding cap; 13. Reverse folded edge; 14. Weir. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Specific Implementation Example 1: like Figures 1 to 7As shown, a super-uniformly distributed spiral vane liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction includes a distribution disk 1. A positioning ring 2 is provided on the outer edge of the distribution disk 1, and the positioning ring 2 is fixedly connected to the surface of the distribution disk 1 by bolts. Circular holes 3 are formed on the surface of the distribution disk 1, arranged in a linear array at equal intervals, and arranged in an equilateral triangular array. A flow guide sleeve 4 and a riser pipe 5 are arranged in an alternating array on the surface of the circular holes 3. The distribution disk 1 is a large, horizontal, circular plate, serving as the mounting base for all functional components. The positioning ring 2 is annular in shape and installed on the outermost edge of the distribution disk 1, vertically fastened by bolts. Its function is to cooperate with the support ring on the inner wall of the tower. A sealing ring is provided on the contact surface to ensure sealing and maintain the horizontal position of the distribution disk 1. To prevent liquid from flowing out from the edges (causing wall flow), the opening ratio of the disk surface is usually set at 20%-45%, and the diameter of the circular holes 3 is usually 50mm-100mm. If the diameter is too small, it is easy to cause blockage and installation is difficult. If it is too large, there will be insufficient liquid distribution points per unit area. The circular holes 3 are through holes that are evenly opened on the distribution disk 1 in an equilateral triangle array. This layout can ensure that the distance between any three adjacent distribution points is equal. This is the most efficient arrangement in geometry. This array ensures that the distance between the liquid distribution unit (sleeve) and the air riser (air pipe) is completely equal in unit area, realizing the balance of the initial distribution of the entire cross section. The guide sleeve 4 and the air riser 5 are alternately and vertically welded on these circular holes 3 to form an array of gas-liquid separation.

[0023] A guide sleeve 4 is provided on the surface of the circular hole 3. The upper edge of the guide sleeve 4 is lower than the upper edge of the riser pipe 5. A weir 14 is provided at the upper opening of the guide sleeve 4, and the cross-sectional shape of the weir 14 is V-shaped. A converging hopper 6 is provided on the top surface of the guide sleeve 4. The converging hopper 6 is a conical cylinder that is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom. The upper edge of the converging hopper 6 is in close contact with the surface of the weir 14, and the bottom outlet of the converging hopper 6 is axially aligned with the top of the guide rod 8. The height of the guide sleeve 4 is usually 100mm-200mm. The riser pipe 5 needs to be 50mm-100mm higher than the sleeve. This height difference ensures that under normal operating load, the liquid level is always lower than the opening of the riser pipe 5, thereby achieving complete gas-liquid separation and guidance. Sleeve 4 is a short pipe vertically installed on a portion of the circular hole 3. Its upper edge is lower than that of the riser pipe 5, utilizing this height difference to create overflow and ensure preferential liquid entry. The weir 14 is a V-shaped notch at the top of the guide sleeve 4. The depth of the weir 14 is typically 30mm-80mm, and the opening angle is 30°-60°. A smaller angle provides better regulation of small amounts of liquid, while a larger angle provides better handling of large flow rates. Liquid accumulates on the plate surface, and overflow begins when the height exceeds the V-groove. The V-shaped geometry ensures that even at extremely low flow rates, liquid can enter in a stable, thin stream, solving the problem of uneven distribution under low load and eliminating the randomness caused by flat-mouth overflow. The converging hopper 6 is an inverted conical cylinder, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The upper diameter of the converging hopper 6 is equal to the inner diameter of the guide sleeve 4. The lower outlet diameter is typically limited to 15mm-25mm and must be sufficiently narrow to ensure that the liquid can converge in a columnar shape and vertically impact the top of the guide rod 8, reducing splashing. Its upper edge is tightly attached to the inner surface of the weir 14, and it narrows at the bottom. Liquid overflowing the weir 14 is physically forced to converge towards the center, solving the problem of liquid sticking to the wall of the guide sleeve 4 due to surface tension. Specifically, the overflowing liquid no longer flows turbulently along the cylinder wall, but converges towards the center due to gravity along the conical surface of the converging hopper 6. Its outlet axis is directly opposite the guide rod 8 below, ensuring 100% liquid concentration. The inner wall of the guide sleeve 4 is equipped with a crossbeam 7, which is symmetrically distributed in a cross shape. The upper and lower surfaces of the crossbeam 7 are inclined downwards towards the guide rod 8. The surface of the crossbeam 7 is equipped with the guide rod 8. The crossbeam 7 is a cross-shaped structure installed inside the guide sleeve 4. Its upper and lower surfaces are inclined downwards towards the center. The inclined design of its upper and lower surfaces plays a secondary converging role. Its inclined surface receives the droplets dripping from the converging bucket 6 and guides the liquid to converge onto the guide rod 8, ensuring that the liquid enters the spiral track from the center and eliminating random splashing. The guide rod 8 is vertically fixed at the center of the crossbeam 7, passes through the guide sleeve 4 and extends downwards, and is a vertical slide rail for the liquid to descend.

[0024] The surface of the guide rod 8 is provided with variable cross-section helical blades 9. The width of the variable cross-section helical blades 9 gradually increases from top to bottom, and the pitch of the variable cross-section helical blades 9 gradually decreases from top to bottom. The surface of the variable cross-section helical blades 9 is provided with reconstructed serrations 10, which are continuously arranged along the lower edge and the lower outer edge of the variable cross-section helical blades 9. The tips of the reconstructed serrations 10 point downwards, and the shape of the reconstructed serrations 10 is serrated. The variable cross-section helical blades 9 are tightly wound and welded to the surface of the guide rod 8. The width of the blade tip is 5mm-10mm (only covering the edge of the guide rod 8), and gradually increases to 40mm-80mm from the bottom (to ensure centrifugal coverage radius). The pitch gradually decreases from 50mm-80mm at the top to 20mm-40mm at the bottom. The gradually decreasing pitch can generate a liquid flow damping effect, forcing the liquid film to be spread extremely thin before leaving the edge. This is a prerequisite for liquid film reconstruction. The width gradually increases from top to bottom, and the pitch gradually decreases. The gradual increase in width allows the liquid to rotate downwards. During the process, due to centrifugal force, the coverage radius of the liquid film increases, and the gradually decreasing pitch slows down the descent speed of the liquid, increasing the residence time of the liquid on the spiral surface. This makes the liquid film thinner and more uniform. As the liquid slides down the rod and contacts the blade, centrifugal force is generated during rotation. The variable cross-section design forces the liquid to continuously expand and thin outward during its descent, forming a uniformly rotating thin liquid film. The reconstructed sawtooth 10 consists of sharp teeth machined on the bottom edge and lower outer edge of the variable cross-section spiral blade 9, which is the final step in liquid film reconstruction. The tooth height is 5mm-12mm, the tooth spacing is 4mm-8mm, and the serrations must be isosceles triangles or sawtooth shapes, with the radius of curvature of the tooth tip less than 0.5mm, in order to minimize the obstruction of surface tension to droplet detachment. When the spread uniform liquid film flows through the edge serrations, the surface tension is destroyed due to the sudden reduction in contact area, and it is physically cut into countless dense point arrays. The liquid film is forced to be reconstructed into extremely fine and equal amount of droplet rain falling into the filler, transforming the surface distribution into an ultra-high density point distribution.

[0025] A riser pipe 5 is provided on the surface of the circular hole 3. A support rod 11 is provided on the top surface of the riser pipe 5. A shielding cap 12 is provided at the end of the support rod 11. A reverse-folded edge 13 is provided on the surface of the shielding cap 12. The top of the riser pipe 5 is connected to the bottom surface of the shielding cap 12 through the support rod 11. The diameter of the shielding cap 12 is larger than the diameter of the riser pipe 5. The shielding cap 12 is shaped like a conical umbrella. The reverse-folded edge 13 is shaped like an outwardly inclined hook and is arranged in a circumferential array on the outer edge of the shielding cap 12. The riser pipe 5 is a long pipe that is vertically installed on the other circular holes 3. Its height is significantly higher than the liquid overflow level, providing an independent gas channel. The support rod 11 is welded to the pipe opening, supporting the conical umbrella-shaped shielding cap 12. The outer diameter of the shielding cap 12 is larger than that of the air pipe to prevent the upper layer of liquid from flowing into the riser pipe 5 and to ensure that the airway is unobstructed. The outer diameter of the shielding cap 12 is usually larger than that of the riser pipe 5. The diameter of the shield is 30mm-50mm. The vertical distance between the bottom surface of the shield cap 12 and the tracheal inlet should ensure that its annular flow area is not less than 1.2 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the riser pipe 5 to reduce the gas phase pressure drop. The conical umbrella-shaped shield cap 12 prevents the backflow liquid from entering the tracheal pipe. The reverse folded edge 13 is located at the edge of the shield cap 12 and is shaped like an outwardly inclined hook, distributed around it. The reverse folded edge 13 is inclined outward at a 30°-45° angle to the horizontal plane to prevent it from overflowing into the tracheal pipe. The outwardly inclined hook design utilizes the component of gravity to prevent the slipping liquid from crawling into the tracheal pipe due to the wall adhesion effect, ensuring the dryness of the airflow channel. The liquid that slips onto the brim cannot crawl inward along the bottom of the brim due to the physical blockage of the hook shape of the reverse folded edge 13. Instead, it is forced to gather into large droplets at the hook and fall directly, avoiding the mist entrainment caused by the liquid entering the riser pipe 5. Specific Implementation Example 2: like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, based on the technical solution of specific embodiment one, the following content is further disclosed: In actual operation, this ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction achieves a complete cycle from macroscopic liquid accumulation to microscopic uniform droplet discharge through a precise gas-liquid separation and momentum conversion mechanism. First, in the initial liquid distribution stage, the reflux liquid or feed liquid enters the distribution plate 1, which is secured and sealed by the positioning ring 2. The tight fit between the positioning ring 2 and the tower wall support ring and sealing ring ensures the absolute level of the base plate and avoids the wall flow effect caused by the liquid shifting to the tower side. The liquid first forms a static liquid layer above the distribution plate 1. When the liquid level exceeds the V-shaped weir 14 at the top of the guide sleeve 4, the liquid begins to overflow evenly into each distribution unit by utilizing the static pressure balance principle of the equal-height weir 14. At this time, since the height of the gas riser 5 is much higher than that of the guide sleeve 4, this physical height difference constitutes the first gas-liquid defense line, ensuring that the liquid preferentially enters the liquid distribution channel rather than the gas channel under any operating load. Subsequently, the process enters a precise liquid flow convergence and guidance stage. The overflowing liquid does not fall directly but first comes into contact with the convergence hopper 6. Based on the principle of gravity contraction, the conical structure of the convergence hopper 6, which is larger at the top and smaller at the bottom, forces the dispersed liquid flow to move towards the center. Combined with the secondary flow guidance effect of the inclined surface of the internal crossbeam 7, the phenomenon of liquid adhering to the wall and creeping due to surface tension is completely overcome, so that the droplets are accurately converged on the guide rod 8 at the axis. The liquid slides down the guide rod 8, which is a vertical slide rail, and seamlessly connects to the core variable cross-section spiral blade 9. Next comes the core liquid film reconstruction and ultra-uniform distribution stage of the device. The liquid is driven by the combined force of gravity and centrifugal force on the variable cross-section helical blade 9, generating a spiral downward motion. At this time, the geometric design of the blade from narrow to wide continuously expands the centrifugal coverage radius of the liquid, while the design of the pitch from large to small slows down the liquid flow velocity by increasing the damping effect and increasing the residence time of the liquid on the surface. In this process, the original flow stream of varying thickness is gradually flattened and thinned, evolving into a rotating thin liquid film with extremely uniform thickness. When this film reaches the reconstruction serration 10 at the edge of the blade, based on the principle of tip convergence and surface tension destruction, the continuous liquid film is forcibly torn and reconstructed at the tip of the tooth, transforming into countless extremely fine and equal-volume lattice droplet rain, which uniformly covers the packing below in an ultra-high density lattice form, achieving true full-section uniform wetting. Finally, in the dynamic protection stage of gas-liquid countercurrent exchange, the rising gas at the bottom of the tower enters the independent riser pipe 5 through the circular hole 3. After rising to the top and hitting the conical umbrella-shaped shielding cap 12, the gas diffuses horizontally and smoothly. The large diameter design of the shielding cap 12 effectively blocks the path of the falling droplets above into the gas channel. At the same time, the liquid sliding to the brim is intercepted by the outwardly tilted hook-shaped reverse folding edge 13. The physical break point of the hook-shaped structure breaks the wall adhesion effect of the liquid, causing it to converge into large droplets and fall vertically. This ensures the dryness and unobstructed flow of the airflow channel and completely solves the problem of mist entrainment under high load. Through this series of orderly structural coordination, the entire device ensures that a stable and accurate ultra-uniform droplet flow can be output under different gas-liquid loads. Specific Implementation Example 3: like Figures 1 to 7As shown, based on the technical solution of Specific Embodiment 1, a further ultra-uniform spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction is provided for large-scale crude oil atmospheric and vacuum distillation towers (high throughput, shock-resistant conditions): In large-scale petroleum refining industries, the diameter of the distillation tower usually reaches several meters, and the internal gas-liquid load is extremely high, the gas flow velocity is fast, and the liquid volume is huge, which can easily cause severe mist entrainment and local tower flooding. In this application scenario, the opening ratio of the distribution plate 1 of this device is optimized and set at the upper limit of 45% to ensure the huge gas flow capacity. The height of the riser pipe 5 is significantly increased to more than 200mm, and the top shielding cap 12 adopts a thickened design. The hook-shaped opening angle of its bottom folded edge 13 is set to 45°. During operation, a large amount of liquid accumulates rapidly on the plate surface, and the water level is close to but always lower than the upper edge height of the riser pipe 5. At this time, the V-shaped weir 14 is fully opened at a large angle (about 60°) to ensure that the large flow of liquid can smoothly and synchronously enter each Due to the high liquid flow rate, the bottom width of the variable cross-section spiral blade 9 in the guide sleeve 4 is increased to 80mm. Strong centrifugal force is used to rapidly thin the thick liquid layer and "throw" it outwards radially, preventing liquid accumulation in the center. Under high load operation, the physical breakpoint formed by the reverse fold 13 is crucial due to the extremely high gas velocity. When the high-speed rising gas passes through the riser pipe 5, it is blocked and redirected by the shielding cap 12. The condensate sliding down to the cap rim is forcibly guided by the hook-shaped reverse fold 13. Utilizing a 45° outward tilt angle combined with gravity, the sliding liquid is forcibly gathered into large droplets with a diameter greater than 3mm at the hook-shaped part before falling. Its gravity is sufficient to overcome the lifting force of the rising gas, effectively preventing liquid from climbing back into the riser pipe 5 and effectively resisting the upward lift of the high-pressure gas flow, ensuring that gas and liquid flow separately. This combination not only maintains an extremely low pressure drop inside the tower but also ensures a super-uniform liquid distribution effect under high-throughput conditions, significantly improving the cutting accuracy of crude oil components. Specific Implementation Example 4: like Figures 1 to 7As shown, based on the technical solution of Specific Embodiment 1, a further ultra-uniform spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction is provided, suitable for fine distillation of high-vacuum thermosensitive materials (extremely low load, film-forming protection conditions): In the vacuum distillation of pharmaceutical intermediates or electronic-grade chemicals, the operating environment is under high vacuum, the liquid volume is extremely small, and the material is thermosensitive. If uneven distribution leads to dry areas on the packing surface, the material is prone to thermal decomposition or coking. Under this condition, the device focuses on the forced film formation characteristics. The weir 14 adopts a narrow and deep micro-V-shaped design (angle only 30°), so that even when the liquid volume is extremely low and the water level on the plate rises only a few millimeters, the liquid can still overflow from the weir 14 accurately and in equal amounts, eliminating the discontinuous phenomenon of flat overflow under extremely low load. The bottom outlet of the internal converging hopper 6 is reduced to 15mm to improve the energy density of the liquid jet. After the liquid enters the guide sleeve 4, it passes through the 15mm outlet of the converging hopper 6, which reduces the sparse liquid volume to 15mm. The droplets converge into a continuous central stream, precisely landing on the guide rod 8. In this scenario, the "long path" characteristic of the variable cross-section spiral blade 9 is utilized. During the spiral distribution stage, the bottom pitch of the variable cross-section spiral blade 9 is further compressed to 20mm. This extremely small pitch generates a strong damping effect, greatly increasing the residence time of a very small amount of liquid on the spiral surface. Combined with the gradual increase in blade width from top to bottom, it forces even the finest liquid flow to be "spread" into a thin, continuous liquid film on the spiral surface. Finally, through the physical tearing of the reconstructed sawtooth 10, this extremely thin liquid film is transformed into high-density fine droplets that fall into the packing material. This avoids the "dry wall" charring phenomenon that occurs in the packing layer due to insufficient liquid volume, solves the problem of mass transfer efficiency plummeting due to the inability of liquid to form a film and sparse distribution points under extremely low load, and achieves ultra-uniform coverage in a "liquid-poor" state. This protects the heat-sensitive materials from thermal decomposition due to local dry areas, effectively protecting the quality of high-value heat-sensitive materials. Specific Implementation Example 5: like Figures 1 to 7As shown, based on the technical solution of Specific Embodiment 1, a further ultra-uniformly distributed spiral blade liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction is provided, suitable for environmentally friendly spray systems containing particles and prone to scaling (self-cleaning, anti-clogging conditions). In flue gas desulfurization or chemical tail gas scrubbing systems of coal-fired power plants, the scrubbing circulating liquid often contains catalyst particles, limestone powder, or salt crystals generated by the reaction. Traditional small-hole sprayers are prone to clogging and failure due to particle accumulation. In this embodiment, the device utilizes the logic of large channel + sedimentation separation. The guide sleeve 4 adopts a large inner diameter (over 100mm) design, and its protruding structure on the disk surface makes the entire distribution disk 1 a natural solid impurity sedimentation tank. When the liquid containing particles accumulates on the disk surface, heavy solid particles preferentially settle on the disk. The bottom layer of liquid flows through the weir 14 above and enters the distribution unit. The surface of the variable cross-section spiral blade 9 is treated with a Teflon anti-stick coating. Since both the collecting hopper 6 and the variable cross-section spiral blade 9 adopt a completely open geometric structure with no fine mesh or dead corners inside, even if a small number of fine particles enter with the liquid flow, they will be thrown out directly along the spiral track by centrifugal force during rotation, without being intercepted or attached. At the same time, the reverse folded edge 13 adopts a circumferential array setting, which reduces the risk of scaling of liquid at the edge of the shielding cap 12. This open reconstruction logic solves the contradiction between the distribution accuracy and the operating cycle of industrial waste liquid treatment, ensuring long-term operation and ultra-uniform distribution of desulfurization and denitrification efficiency in harsh material environments, and significantly reducing the frequency of maintenance.

[0030] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a reference structure" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element.

[0031] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A super-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction, comprising a distribution disk (1), characterized in that: The distribution plate (1) has a circular hole (3) on its surface. The circular hole (3) has a guide sleeve (4) on its surface. The top surface of the guide sleeve (4) has a converging hopper (6). The inner wall of the guide sleeve (4) has a crossbeam (7). The surface of the crossbeam (7) has a guide rod (8). The surface of the guide rod (8) has a variable cross-section spiral blade (9). The surface of the variable cross-section spiral blade (9) has a reconstructed sawtooth (10). The surface of the circular hole (3) has a rising pipe (5). The top surface of the rising pipe (5) has a support rod (11). The end of the support rod (11) has a shielding cap (12). The surface of the shielding cap (12) has a reverse folded edge (13).

2. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer edge of the distribution plate (1) is provided with a positioning ring (2), which is fixedly connected to the surface of the distribution plate (1) by bolts.

3. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circular holes (3) are arranged in a linear array at equal intervals on the surface of the distribution plate (1), and the circular holes (3) are arranged in an equilateral triangle array. The guide sleeve (4) and the air riser (5) are arranged in an alternating array on the surface of the circular holes (3).

4. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper edge of the guide sleeve (4) is lower than the upper edge of the riser pipe (5). The upper edge of the guide sleeve (4) is provided with a weir (14), and the cross-sectional shape of the weir (14) is V-shaped.

5. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The converging bucket (6) is a conical cylinder with a larger top and a smaller bottom. The upper edge of the converging bucket (6) is close to the surface of the weir (14), and the bottom outlet of the converging bucket (6) is axially aligned with the top of the guide rod (8).

6. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crossbeam (7) is symmetrically distributed in a cross shape, and the upper and lower surfaces of the crossbeam (7) are inclined downwards in the direction of the guide rod (8).

7. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The variable cross-section helical blade (9) has a gradually increasing blade width from top to bottom, and the pitch of the variable cross-section helical blade (9) gradually decreases from top to bottom.

8. The ultra-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reconstructed sawtooth (10) is continuously arranged along the lower edge of the bottom end and the lower outer edge of the variable cross-section helical blade (9). The tooth tip of the reconstructed sawtooth (10) points downward and the shape of the reconstructed sawtooth (10) is sawtooth-shaped.

9. A super-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the riser pipe (5) is connected to the bottom surface of the shielding cap (12) via a support rod (11), and the diameter of the shielding cap (12) is larger than the diameter of the riser pipe (5).

10. A super-uniformly distributed spiral plate liquid distributor based on liquid film reconstruction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shape of the shielding cap (12) is conical umbrella-shaped, and the shape of the reverse folded edge (13) is outwardly inclined hook-shaped, and the reverse folded edge (13) is arranged in a circumferential array on the outer edge of the shielding cap (12).

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