Low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting catalyst

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of methanol synthesis, and discloses a low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting a catalyst, which is formed by communicating a raw material gas pretreatment unit, a shell-and-tube fixed bed reactor with a gas-solid coordinated regulation and control assembly, a product separation unit and a tail gas circulating compressor through pipelines, the raw material gas pretreatment unit removes catalyst poisons such as sulfur and chlorine and solid impurities in raw material gas through a desulfurization device, a dechlorination device, an impurity filter and a preheater which are connected in series, catalyst poisoning is avoided from the source, and initial conditions are provided for reaction. The gas-solid coordinated regulation and control assembly can eliminate radial layering of gas, break a product gas film, accelerate product separation and solve the problems of overtemperature of a catalyst and uneven gas-solid contact, the product separation unit purifies crude methanol through cooling, gas-liquid separation and rectification, and the tail gas circulation compressor sends unreacted tail gas back to the reactor, so that the conversion rate of raw materials is increased, and the production cost is reduced. The cost is reduced; and the emission is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of methanol synthesis technology, and more particularly to a low-pressure methanol synthesis system that can protect the catalyst. Background Technology

[0002] Methanol, as a basic chemical raw material and clean energy carrier, has become the mainstream in industry due to its low energy consumption and strong compatibility in low-pressure synthesis. This process uses a mixed gas as raw material and completes a strongly exothermic synthesis reaction in a reactor under the action of a copper-based catalyst. The uniform control of the heat of reaction and the maintenance of catalyst activity directly determine the production efficiency.

[0003] The current low-pressure system's core is a shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor, with boiler water circulating in the shell for heat exchange and catalyst filling the tubes for syngas reaction. However, this structure has key drawbacks: First, the gas inside the tubes is prone to radial stratification, making it difficult for high-temperature gas in the center to reach the tube wall, and for fresh gas on the tube wall to reach the center, creating a temperature difference that leads to catalyst overheating and sintering or low-temperature deactivation; second, uneven gas-solid contact occurs, with the product gas film on the catalyst surface hindering feedstock contact and limiting reaction efficiency; third, the product gas passively exits via axial flow, easily becoming trapped on particle surfaces and producing an inhibitory effect, further reducing the reaction rate. Existing improvement solutions have limited effectiveness: optimizing the shell side only improves tube wall cooling and cannot solve gas stratification; adding metal heat-conducting components only enhances solid-state heat conduction and does not improve gas exchange; segmented catalyst loading reduces inlet heat release but sacrifices feed conversion rate. None of these solutions have overcome the core bottleneck of "insufficient gas exchange," still resulting in short catalyst life and poor system operational stability. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that the existing technology has the disadvantages of slow high-temperature gas exchange and low gas-solid contact efficiency in the reaction process. To this end, we propose a low-pressure methanol synthesis system that can protect the catalyst.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: a low-pressure methanol synthesis system that can protect the catalyst, including a feed gas pretreatment unit, a shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor with gas-solid synergistic regulation components, a product separation unit and a tail gas recirculation compressor, wherein each unit is connected by pipelines to form a synthesis process; The raw gas pretreatment unit includes a desulfurization device, a dechlorination device, an impurity filter and a raw gas preheater connected in series, used to purify the raw gas and preheat it to a preset temperature. The shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor with gas-solid synergistic regulation component includes an upper head, a shell-side cylinder, a lower head, and heat exchange tubes, with the gas-solid synergistic regulation component embedded in the heat exchange tubes. The top of the upper end cap is provided with a raw material gas inlet, which is connected to the outlet of the pretreatment unit. The interior is provided with a gas uniform distribution structure, and a power source is fixed on the side wall. The power source is connected to a rotating shaft through a coupling. The rotating shaft extends through the uniform distribution structure into the heat exchange tube, and a sealing element is provided at the contact point. The shell-side cylinder is provided with a shell-side water inlet and a steam outlet, and internal baffles are provided; The lower end cap is provided with a product gas outlet, which is connected to the separation unit, and is equipped with a catalyst support sieve plate inside. The product separation unit includes a cooler, a gas-liquid separator and a distillation column connected in series, used to separate crude methanol from unreacted tail gas; The exhaust gas recirculation compressor inlet is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet is connected to the reactor feed gas inlet for exhaust gas recirculation. The gas-solid synergistic control component includes multiple rotating rings, which are placed inside heat exchange tubes. Multiple mounting slots are opened on the top of the rotating rings. A rotating column is built into the mounting slot. The bottom of the rotating column is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the mounting slot. A torsion spring is sleeved on the surface of the rotating column. An assembly roller is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating column. The assembly roller has multiple assembly windows on both sides. An installation cylinder is fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the assembly window. A rotating rod is built into the installation cylinder. The two ends of the rotating rod are rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the two installation cylinders. A coil spring is sleeved at both ends of the rotating rod and placed inside the installation cylinder. An actuating seat is sleeved and fixed on the surface of the rotating rod. An installation platform is fixedly connected to the side of the actuating seat away from the rotating rod. Multiple evenly arranged rubber strips are fixedly connected to the surface of the installation platform.

[0006] Preferably, the plurality of rotating rings are evenly arranged along the length of the heat exchange tube, and a fixing ring is sleeved around the rotating ring, and a positioning ring groove is formed around the rotating ring.

[0007] Preferably, the inner ring wall of the fixing ring is equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed balls, one side of which contacts the groove wall of the positioning ring, and the outer ring wall of the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube.

[0008] Preferably, the bottom of the bottom rotating ring is fixedly connected to a connecting cylinder, the bottom of the connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to a connecting ring, and the outer ring wall of the connecting ring is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed toothed grooves, and the connecting ring is connected to the power source through the toothed grooves.

[0009] Preferably, the torsion spring is fixedly connected to connecting seats at both ends, one end of the connecting seat away from the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the rotating column, and the other end of the connecting seat away from the torsion spring is fixedly connected to the wall of the mounting groove.

[0010] Preferably, a positioning post is fixedly connected to the top of the assembly roller, and a plurality of evenly distributed positioning cylinders are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating ring, with the positioning post inserted into the positioning cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, the plurality of assembly windows are evenly arranged along the length direction of the assembly roller.

[0012] Preferably, one end of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder, and the other end of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the rotating rod.

[0013] Preferably, the plurality of mounting slots are evenly distributed around the axis of the rotating ring.

[0014] Preferably, the axes of the rotating ring, the fixed ring, the connecting ring, and the heat exchange tube coincide.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: This invention discloses a low-pressure methanol synthesis system that can protect the catalyst, which consists of a feed gas pretreatment unit, a shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor with gas-solid synergistic regulation components, a product separation unit, and a tail gas recirculation compressor connected by pipelines.

[0016] The feed gas pretreatment unit removes catalyst poisons such as sulfur and chlorine, as well as solid impurities, from the feed gas through a series of desulfurization and dechlorination devices, impurity filters, and preheaters. It also preheats the purified gas to the reaction temperature, preventing catalyst poisoning from the source and providing qualified initial conditions for the reaction.

[0017] This shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor integrates a gas-solid synergistic control component, overcoming the bottlenecks of traditional reactors. The upper head achieves uniform gas distribution and drives a rotating shaft via a power source; boiler water is introduced into the shell-side cylinder, where baffles enhance heat exchange and stabilize the reaction temperature within the catalyst's active range; the lower head supports the catalyst and facilitates product extraction. Multiple rotating rings in the gas-solid synergistic control component are arranged axially along the heat exchange tubes, rotating stably through a combination of fixed ring balls and positioning ring grooves. The bottom rings engage with the power source via connecting rings, achieving synchronous rotation through linkage between positioning columns and positioning cylinders. The rotating columns on the rotating rings and torsion springs form an adaptive structure for both rotation speed and angle, adjusting the angle of the rubber strip blades according to the reaction load; the rubber strips on both sides of the assembly rollers combine with coil springs to flexibly agitate the gas while preventing collision damage to the catalyst. This component, through multi-layer rotation, adaptive angle, and flexible agitation, eliminates radial gas stratification, breaks up the product gas film, accelerates product detachment, and solves problems such as catalyst overheating, uneven gas-solid contact, and product inhibition.

[0018] The product separation unit purifies crude methanol through cooling, gas-liquid separation, and distillation; the tail gas recirculation compressor returns unreacted tail gas to the reactor, improving feed conversion rate, reducing costs, and decreasing emissions. The overall system achieves a synergistic improvement in catalyst protection and reaction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The disclosure of this invention is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this invention. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts: Figure 1 This is a diagram of the overall system architecture of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange tube structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the heat exchange tube and the gas-solid synergistic regulation component of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the gas-solid synergistic regulation component of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the gas-solid synergistic control component of the present invention during explosion; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the rotating ring and the assembly roller of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the assembly roller and the rubber strip of the present invention.

[0020] Legend: 1. Raw material gas pretreatment unit; 2. Shell-and-tube fixed bed reactor; 201. Shell side; 202. Upper head; 203. Raw material gas inlet; 204. Lower head; 205. Product gas outlet; 206. Heat exchange tube; 3. Gas-solid synergistic control component; 301. Rotating ring; 302. Positioning ring groove; 303. Fixed ring; 304. Ball bearing; 305. Connecting cylinder; 306. Connecting ring; 307. Gear groove; 308. Mounting groove; 309. Rotating column; 310. Torsion spring; 311. Connecting seat; 312. Assembly roller; 313. Positioning column; 314. Positioning cylinder; 315. Assembly window; 316. Mounting cylinder; 317. Rotating rod; 318. Coil spring; 319. Actuating seat; 320. Mounting platform; 321. Rubber strip; 4. Product separation unit; 5. Tail gas recirculation compressor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this invention, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of the invention. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative examples of the technical solution of this invention and should not be considered as the entirety of the invention or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this invention.

[0022] Reference Figures 1 to 10 As shown, this invention provides a technical solution: a low-pressure methanol synthesis system that protects the catalyst, comprising a feed gas pretreatment unit 1, a shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor 2 with a gas-solid synergistic control component 3, a product separation unit 4, and a tail gas recirculation compressor 5. Each unit is connected via pipelines to form a synthesis process. The feed gas pretreatment unit 1 includes a desulfurization device, a dechlorination device, an impurity filter, and a feed gas preheater connected in series, used to purify the feed gas and preheat it to a preset temperature. The feed gas pretreatment unit 1 completes the purification and preheating of the synthesis feed gas through the desulfurization device, dechlorination device, impurity filter, and feed gas preheater connected in series. The desulfurization and dechlorination devices and the impurity filter can specifically remove catalyst poisons such as sulfur and chlorine, as well as solid impurities, from the feed gas, preventing these substances from adhering to the catalyst surface and causing permanent deactivation. The feed gas preheater heats the purified feed gas to the preset temperature required for the reaction, eliminating the need for additional initial heat from the reactor and ensuring that the synthesis reaction can be started quickly after the feed gas enters the reactor. Providing "clean and compliant" feed gas from the source for subsequent reactions not only avoids the poisoning of the catalyst by impurities, but also optimizes the initial reaction conditions through preheating, laying the foundation for the catalyst to maintain stable activity.

[0023] The shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor 2 with gas-solid synergistic control component 3 includes an upper head 202, a shell-side cylinder 201, a lower head 204, and heat exchange tubes 206, with the gas-solid synergistic control component 3 embedded within the heat exchange tubes 206. The upper head 202 has a feed gas inlet 203 at its top, which connects to the outlet of the pretreatment unit. It has an internal gas distribution structure, and a power source is fixed to its sidewalls. The power source is connected to a rotating shaft via a coupling, which extends through the distribution structure into the heat exchange tubes 206. A seal is provided at the contact point. The shell-side cylinder 201 has a shell-side water inlet and a steam outlet, and baffles are installed internally. The lower head 204 is equipped with a product gas outlet 205, which is connected to the separation unit and has a catalyst support sieve plate inside. The product separation unit 4 includes a cooler, a gas-liquid separator, and a distillation column connected in series to separate crude methanol from unreacted tail gas. The tail gas recirculation compressor 5 has its inlet connected to the tail gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator and its outlet connected to the reactor feed gas inlet 203 for tail gas recirculation. The reactor is the core of the entire system. It not only has the heat exchange function of a traditional shell-and-tube reactor, but also fundamentally solves the gas exchange defects of the traditional structure through the built-in gas-solid synergistic control component 3. Its working principle and advantages are centered around the upper head 202, the shell-side cylinder 201, the lower head 204, and the gas-solid synergistic control component 3. The feed gas inlet 203 at the top of the upper head 202 receives the pretreated feed gas. The internal gas distribution structure can evenly disperse the feed gas to each heat exchange tube 206, avoiding local reaction imbalance caused by uneven gas flow in a single heat exchange tube 206. Meanwhile, the power source on the side wall of the upper head 202 is connected to a rotating shaft via a coupling. The rotating shaft extends through the uniformly distributed structure into the heat exchange tube 206 (the seal at the contact point ensures no gas leakage), providing continuous power to the gas-solid synergistic regulation component 3 inside the heat exchange tube 206. This is the "power source" for the component to achieve motion regulation. Boiler water is introduced into the shell-side inlet of the shell-side cylinder 201, and the steam generated by the reaction is discharged from the steam outlet. The internal baffles can change the flow path of the boiler water in the shell side, prolonging its contact time with the heat exchange tube 206 and enhancing the heat exchange efficiency between the heat of the reaction in the tube side and the boiler water in the shell side. In this way, the shell side can promptly remove the heat released by the reaction inside the tube, avoiding excessively high temperatures inside the tube. At the same time, when the initial temperature of the reaction is low, the heat from the boiler water can also maintain the temperature required for the reaction, ensuring that the reaction temperature inside the tube remains stable within the range of optimal catalyst activity, thus protecting the catalyst from the perspective of the external environment.

[0024] The gas-solid synergistic control component 3 includes multiple rotating rings 301, which are placed inside the heat exchange tube 206 and are evenly arranged along the length of the heat exchange tube 206. Fixed rings 303 are fitted around each rotating ring 301, and positioning grooves 302 are formed around the rotating rings 301. Multiple evenly distributed balls 304 are installed on the inner wall of the fixed rings 303, with one side of each ball 304 contacting the groove wall of the positioning groove 302. The outer wall of the fixed rings 303 is flush with the heat exchange tube. The inner wall of ring 206 is fixedly connected. A connecting cylinder 305 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the bottom rotating ring 301. A connecting ring 306 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the connecting cylinder 305. Multiple evenly distributed toothed grooves 307 are formed on the outer ring wall of the connecting ring 306. The connecting ring 306 is connected to the power source through the toothed grooves 307. Multiple mounting grooves 308 are formed on the top of the rotating ring 301. A rotating column 309 is built into each mounting groove 308. The bottom of the rotating column 309 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the mounting groove 308. A torsion spring 310 is sleeved on the surface of the rotating column 309. Connecting seats 311 are fixedly connected to both ends of the torsion spring 310. One end of one connecting seat 311, away from the torsion spring 310, is fixedly connected to the rotating column 309. The other end of the connecting seat 311, away from the torsion spring 310, is fixedly connected to the wall of the mounting groove 308. An assembly roller 312 is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating column 309. A positioning post 313 is fixedly connected to the top of the assembly roller 312. Multiple evenly distributed positioning posts 313 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the rotating ring 301. Positioning cylinder 314, positioning pin 313 is inserted into positioning cylinder 314; multiple rotating rings 301 of the component are evenly arranged along the length of heat exchange tube 206, and the fixed rings 303 around the rotating rings 301 cooperate with the positioning ring grooves 302 of the rotating rings 301 through ball bearings 304 (ball bearings 304 reduce rotational friction), so as to realize the stable rotation of the rotating rings 301 in the heat exchange tube 206 (the outer ring wall of the fixed ring 303 is fixed to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 206, providing support for the rotating rings 301). The bottom rotating ring 301 is fixed to the connecting ring 306 via the connecting cylinder 305. The connecting ring 306 meshes with the rotating shaft driven by the power source through the toothed groove 307 on the outer ring wall. When the power source is started, the rotating shaft drives the connecting ring 306, the connecting cylinder 305 and the bottom rotating ring 301 to rotate through the toothed groove 307. At the same time, the positioning cylinder 314 at the bottom of the upper rotating ring 301 is inserted into the positioning post 313 at the top of the lower rotating ring 301, so that all the rotating rings 301 rotate synchronously, forming a "multi-layer rotation control structure" distributed along the axial direction of the heat exchange tube 206.

[0025] The "angle adaptive control" of the rotating column 309 and the torsion spring 310: A rotating column 309 is installed in the mounting groove 308 at the top of each rotating ring 301. The bottom of the rotating column 309 is rotatably connected to the mounting groove 308. The torsion spring 310, sleeved on the surface, is fixed to the rotating column 309 and the wall of the mounting groove 308 respectively through two connecting seats 311. Initially, the torsion spring 310 is in its natural state, driving the rotating column 309 to maintain a specific angle, resulting in a small angle for the "fan blades" formed by the rubber strips 321 on the assembly roller 312 at the top of the rotating column 309. As the power source speed increases, the rotating column 309 rotates under the action of centrifugal force, overcoming the elasticity of the torsion spring 310, causing the angle of the assembly roller 312 and the rubber strip 321 fan blades to gradually increase. This adaptive change in "speed and angle" can change the disturbance range of the fan blades according to the reaction load (speed is adjusted according to reaction intensity): a small angle at low load avoids excessive energy consumption, while a large angle at high load enhances gas exchange, ensuring efficient gas-solid control at different reaction stages.

[0026] Meanwhile, multiple assembly windows 315 are provided on both sides of the assembly roller 312. The multiple assembly windows 315 are evenly arranged along the length of the assembly roller 312. The inner walls of the assembly windows 315 are fixedly connected to the two sides of the mounting cylinders 316. The mounting cylinders 316 contain rotating rods 317. The two ends of the rotating rods 317 are rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavities of the mounting cylinders 316 on both sides. The two ends of the rotating rods 317 are sleeved with coil springs 318. The coil springs 318 are placed inside the mounting cylinders 316. One end of the coil springs 318 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinders 316, and the other end of the coil springs 318 is fixedly connected to the rotating rods 317. The surface of the rotating rods 317 is sleeved and fixedly fitted with a toggle seat 319. The side of the toggle seat 319 away from the rotating rods 317 is fixedly connected to an mounting platform 320. The surface of the mounting platform 320 is fixedly connected with multiple evenly arranged rubber strips 321. "Flexible disturbance and anti-collision protection" of rubber strip 321 and coil spring 318: Inside the assembly windows 315 on both sides of the assembly roller 312, the rotating rod 317 is connected to the assembly roller 312 through the mounting cylinders 316 at both ends. The coil springs 318 at both ends of the rotating rod 317 are fixed to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder 316 and the rotating rod 317, respectively. The actuating seat 319 on the surface of the rotating rod 317 drives the mounting platform 320 and the rubber strip 321 to rotate synchronously with the assembly roller 312. When the fan blades composed of rubber strip 321 rotate, they generate active disturbance to the gas in the pipe. Because the rubber strip 321 is flexible and the coil spring 318 provides elastic cushioning, when the rubber strip 321 collides with the catalyst particles or the inner wall of the heat exchange tube 206, the coil spring 318 will deform, causing the rotating rod 317 to rotate slightly, thus avoiding rigid collisions that could cause wear to the catalyst particles or damage to the component structure. At the same time, the disturbance of the flexible rubber strip 321 can penetrate into the gaps between the catalyst particles, breaking the product gas film on the catalyst surface in traditional reactors, promoting direct contact between the feed gas and the catalyst surface, and improving reaction efficiency.

[0027] The gas-solid synergistic control component 3 achieves three core breakthroughs through a combined design of "multi-layer synchronous rotation, angle-adaptive fan blades, and flexible elastic disturbance": First, it breaks the radial stratification of gas inside the tube, pushing the high-temperature gas in the center towards the tube wall and bringing the fresh gas from the tube wall towards the center through fan blade disturbance, eliminating temperature differences and preventing catalyst overheating sintering or low-temperature deactivation; Second, it actively disrupts the product gas film on the catalyst surface, improving the uniformity of gas-solid contact and increasing the reaction rate; Third, it accelerates the detachment of product gas from the catalyst particle surface through disturbance, reducing the inhibitory effect caused by product retention, fundamentally solving the core bottleneck of "insufficient gas exchange" in traditional reactors, maximizing catalyst protection and improving reaction efficiency.

[0028] Product separation unit 4 processes the product through a series of coolers, gas-liquid separators, and distillation columns. The product gas exiting the reactor first enters the cooler, where it is cooled to the condensation temperature of methanol, causing the crude methanol to change from a gaseous state to a liquid state. The gas-liquid mixture then enters the gas-liquid separator, achieving preliminary separation of the liquid crude methanol from the unreacted tail gas. The separated crude methanol enters the distillation column, where it is purified to obtain qualified refined methanol. The unreacted tail gas is discharged from the tail gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, entering the subsequent tail gas recycling process. This efficient separation of reaction products and unreacted raw materials ensures the purity of the methanol product and provides a basis for the recycling of unreacted tail gas, avoiding raw material waste.

[0029] The inlet of the exhaust gas recirculation compressor 5 is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet is connected to the feed gas inlet 203 of the reactor. Through compression, it transports the unreacted exhaust gas (containing a large amount of unreacted syngas components) separated from the gas-liquid separator back to the feed gas inlet 203 of the reactor, where it mixes with the pretreated fresh feed gas and re-enters the reactor to participate in the reaction. This allows for the full recovery and utilization of unreacted feed gas, significantly improving the overall conversion rate of the feedstock, reducing feedstock consumption costs, and simultaneously reducing resource waste and environmental pressure caused by direct exhaust gas emissions, further optimizing the system's economic and environmental performance.

[0030] The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this invention, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst, characterized in that, It includes a feed gas pretreatment unit, a shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor with gas-solid synergistic control components, a product separation unit, and a tail gas recirculation compressor. The units are connected by pipelines to form a synthesis process. The raw gas pretreatment unit includes a desulfurization device, a dechlorination device, an impurity filter and a raw gas preheater connected in series, used to purify the raw gas and preheat it to a preset temperature. The shell-and-tube fixed-bed reactor with gas-solid synergistic regulation component includes an upper head, a shell-side cylinder, a lower head, and heat exchange tubes, with the gas-solid synergistic regulation component embedded in the heat exchange tubes. The top of the upper end cap is provided with a raw material gas inlet, which is connected to the outlet of the pretreatment unit. The interior is provided with a gas uniform distribution structure, and a power source is fixed on the side wall. The power source is connected to a rotating shaft through a coupling. The rotating shaft extends through the uniform distribution structure into the heat exchange tube, and a sealing element is provided at the contact point. The shell-side cylinder is provided with a shell-side water inlet and a steam outlet, and internal baffles are provided; The lower end cap is provided with a product gas outlet, which is connected to the separation unit, and is equipped with a catalyst support sieve plate inside. The product separation unit includes a cooler, a gas-liquid separator and a distillation column connected in series, used to separate crude methanol from unreacted tail gas; The exhaust gas recirculation compressor inlet is connected to the exhaust gas outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the outlet is connected to the reactor feed gas inlet for exhaust gas recirculation. The gas-solid synergistic control component includes multiple rotating rings, which are placed inside heat exchange tubes. Multiple mounting slots are opened on the top of the rotating rings. A rotating column is built into the mounting slot. The bottom of the rotating column is rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the mounting slot. A torsion spring is sleeved on the surface of the rotating column. An assembly roller is fixedly connected to the top of the rotating column. The assembly roller has multiple assembly windows on both sides. An installation cylinder is fixedly connected to both sides of the inner wall of the assembly window. A rotating rod is built into the installation cylinder. The two ends of the rotating rod are rotatably connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the two installation cylinders. A coil spring is sleeved at both ends of the rotating rod and placed inside the installation cylinder. An actuating seat is sleeved and fixed on the surface of the rotating rod. An installation platform is fixedly connected to the side of the actuating seat away from the rotating rod. Multiple evenly arranged rubber strips are fixedly connected to the surface of the installation platform.

2. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple rotating rings are evenly arranged along the length of the heat exchange tube, and fixed rings are sleeved around the rotating rings. Positioning ring grooves are formed around the rotating rings.

3. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner ring wall of the fixed ring is equipped with a plurality of evenly distributed balls, one side of which is in contact with the groove wall of the positioning ring, and the outer ring wall of the fixed ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the heat exchange tube.

4. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotating ring is fixedly connected to a connecting cylinder, and the bottom of the connecting cylinder is fixedly connected to a connecting ring. The outer ring wall of the connecting ring is provided with multiple evenly distributed tooth grooves, and the connecting ring is connected to the power source through the tooth grooves.

5. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torsion spring is fixedly connected to two connecting seats at both ends. One connecting seat is fixedly connected to the rotating column at the end away from the torsion spring, and the other connecting seat is fixedly connected to the wall of the mounting groove at the end away from the torsion spring.

6. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the assembly roller is fixedly connected to a positioning column, and the bottom of the rotating ring is fixedly connected to a plurality of evenly distributed positioning cylinders, with the positioning column inserted into the positioning cylinders.

7. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The assembly windows are evenly arranged along the length of the assembly roller.

8. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mounting cylinder, and the other end of the coil spring is fixedly connected to the rotating rod.

9. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The multiple mounting slots are evenly distributed around the axis of the rotating ring.

10. The low-pressure methanol synthesis system capable of protecting the catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axes of the rotating ring, fixed ring, connecting ring, and heat exchange tube are aligned.

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