Waste wind power blade resource recycling method and system based on high-temperature plasma

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste composite material resourceful treatment, in particular to a waste wind power blade resourceful recycling method and system based on high-temperature plasmas. The method comprises the steps that waste wind power blades are subjected to cutting and foreign matter removal, vacuum infiltration type interface weakening pretreatment and pre-sorting and forming treatment, and fiber main line feeding is obtained; feeding the resin component into an outer ring vortex region of a vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor, introducing carrier gas to form a vortex flow field, and constructing an aerodynamic heat shielding layer between the vortex flow field and a central high-energy region, so that the resin component is subjected to thermal depolymerization and desorption in the outer ring vortex region, and generated cracked volatile matters enter the central high-energy region to be subjected to gas-phase reforming; the fiber solid phase is limited in the outer ring vortex area and moves along the path, separation of the two treatment paths is achieved, the desorbed fiber solid phase is subjected to cooling and in-situ surface treatment and recovery, reaction gas is subjected to quenching, dust removal and purification treatment, efficient resin conversion and fiber protection and recovery are both considered, and the fiber integrity and the recycling value are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste composite material resource utilization technology, and in particular to a method and system for the resource recycling of waste wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma. Background Technology

[0002] Wind turbine blades are typically large composite material components, with their main body formed by the composite molding of fiber-reinforced materials and resin matrix. The fiber-reinforced materials mainly serve to bear loads and provide reinforcement, while the resin matrix is ​​used to solidify the fibers and form an integral structure. With the large-scale application of wind power equipment, a large number of wind turbine blades enter the decommissioning stage after their service life expires. How to achieve resource recycling of the resulting waste wind turbine blades has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Since the resins used in wind turbine blades are mostly cross-linked and cured thermosetting resins, they are difficult to recycle through melting and reprocessing. Existing recycling technologies usually rely on mechanical, thermochemical, or a combination of methods to process them. High-temperature plasma, as a technical means that can provide a high-temperature, high-energy-density environment, has been applied in the fields of organic matter pyrolysis, gas-phase reforming, and solid waste treatment. In the recycling of waste wind turbine blades, it is usually used to promote the pyrolysis of the resin matrix and convert it into gaseous products.

[0003] In existing high-temperature plasma-based waste wind turbine blade processing technologies, the composite material, after being crushed or pre-treated, is typically sent as a whole into the high-energy plasma zone or a region near the plasma heat source. Under high-temperature conditions, the resin components are decomposed and further undergo gas-phase reforming. The volatile substances produced by decomposition and the solid residues undergo high-energy processing together in the same reaction zone. Although this type of technology can achieve effective resin decomposition and the generation of gaseous products, its main drawback is that the fiber reinforcement material and the resin decomposition volatiles reside in the high-temperature plasma environment at the same time, making it difficult to effectively distinguish between the two processing paths. The fiber material is easily subjected to high-temperature ablation or structural damage, thereby reducing the utilization value of the recycled fiber and making it difficult to meet the dual requirements of deep resin conversion and high-value fiber recovery.

[0004] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides a method and system for the resource recycling of waste wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, thereby effectively solving the problems in the background art.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for resource recycling of waste wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, comprising the following steps: The waste wind turbine blades are cut into sections and foreign objects are removed to obtain the material to be processed. The material to be processed is subjected to vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment to obtain interface weakened pretreated material. The pretreated material is pre-sorted and shaped to obtain the fiber main feed; The fiber main feed is fed into the outer ring vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. The fiber feedstock undergoes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption within the outer ring vortex zone, generating pyrolysis volatiles and fiber solid phase. The pyrolysis volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving separation between the fiber solid phase processing path and the pyrolysis volatiles processing path. The fiber solid phase, after resin desorption, is discharged from the outer ring vortex region and then cooled and subjected to in-situ surface treatment. The reaction gas from the central high-energy zone, after gas-phase reforming, is subjected to rapid cooling, dust removal, and purification.

[0007] Furthermore, the vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment includes: The material to be processed is loaded into the pretreatment vessel and sealed. The pretreatment vessel is evacuated to remove the gas from the pores inside the material; Under vacuum conditions, the interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel in the form of atomization, and the pressure difference drives the medium to penetrate into the composite interface region of the material. Stop introducing the interface-weakening medium and recover it through condensation and filtration; The material that has undergone interface weakening treatment is discharged from the reactor to obtain the pretreated material that has undergone interface weakening.

[0008] Furthermore, the pre-sorting and shaping process includes: The pretreated material is mechanically peeled off to obtain fibrous material and non-fibrous material; The pretreated material is subjected to magnetic separation or eddy current separation to separate the metal parts; The fibrous material is bundled, stripped, or wound to form the fiber main feed; The non-fibrous material is compressed into blocks or granules and used as feed for the mixed solid phase branch line.

[0009] Furthermore, the mixed solid-phase branch feed is fed into the designated feed port of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and enters the central high-energy zone or a designated area of ​​the outer ring vortex zone to generate pyrolysis volatiles and introduce them into the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming.

[0010] Furthermore, the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor includes an outer ring vortex region and a central high-energy region arranged coaxially; The outer ring vortex region is provided with a tangential air intake structure to form a vortex flow field and the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, and the central high-energy region is provided with a plasma generator. The fiber main feed enters the outer ring vortex zone through the tangential feed port, and the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption are completed in the outer ring vortex zone. The cracked volatiles enter the central high-energy zone under the guidance of the vortex flow field and complete gas phase reforming in the central high-energy zone.

[0011] Furthermore, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, and central supplementary gas is introduced into the central high-energy region to regulate the gas phase reforming; The carrier gas is an inert gas, a mixture of inert gas and steam, or a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide, and the central supplementary gas is steam, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide.

[0012] Furthermore, the cooling and in-situ surface treatment are performed in a fiber processing module, which includes a sequentially connected sealed cooling chamber, an atomization deposition unit, and a curing / drying section. The fiber solid phase is cooled in the sealed cooling chamber under an inert atmosphere; Subsequently, in the atomization deposition unit, a slurry precursor or a functionalized precursor is sprayed onto its surface; The precursor is then fixed in the curing / drying section.

[0013] Furthermore, the quenching, dust removal, and purification processes are performed sequentially within a single gas-phase processing unit, which includes: The quench unit is used to rapidly cool the reaction gases; A dust removal unit, connected downstream of the quenching unit, is used to remove solid particles from the gas; A condensable separation unit is connected downstream of the dust removal unit and is used to condense and separate condensable components in the gas. The deep purification and quality improvement unit is connected downstream of the condensable matter separation unit and is used to further purify the gas.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes sending the solid products from the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and the solid by-products separated in the gas phase processing unit into the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit for processing. The grading and diversion unit includes a screening mechanism, an airflow grading mechanism, and an impurity collection mechanism, used to separate the solid material into a fibrous solid phase, a fine powder solid phase with different particle sizes, and a solid phase enriched with impurities.

[0015] This invention also includes a resource recycling system for spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, the system comprising: The cutting and foreign object removal unit is used to cut and remove foreign objects from waste wind turbine blades to obtain the material to be processed. A vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment unit is used to perform vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment on the material to be treated to obtain pretreated material with interface weakening. The pre-sorting and forming unit is used to pre-sort and form the pre-treated material to obtain the fiber main feed; A vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor is used to feed the fiber main line into the outer vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, a carrier gas is introduced into the outer vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. The outer ring vortex zone is used to cause the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption of the fiber main feed within the outer ring vortex zone, generating cracked volatiles and fiber solid phase; wherein, the cracked volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving separation of the fiber solid phase processing path and the cracked volatiles processing path; The fiber processing unit is used to discharge the fiber solid phase after resin desorption from the outer ring vortex zone and perform cooling and in-situ surface treatment. The gas phase processing unit is used to rapidly cool, remove dust, and purify the reaction gas from the central high-energy zone after gas phase reforming.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By introducing a vortex gradient partitioning structure during the plasma reaction process and utilizing the vortex flow field to form an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, the fiber solid phase and resin pyrolysis volatiles run along different processing paths within the reactor. This allows for efficient pyrolysis and gas-phase reforming of resin components, as well as the protection and recovery of fiber materials, all within the same reaction system. This avoids the fiber ablation and performance degradation problems caused by the co-existence of fiber materials and pyrolysis volatiles in existing plasma treatment processes with high temperature and high energy environments. It is beneficial to improve the integrity and reuse value of the recovered fibers. At the same time, by performing gas-phase reforming of the pyrolysis volatiles in the central high-energy region, the conversion degree and quality of the reaction gas can be improved, enhancing the overall efficiency of resource recovery. Thus, while achieving effective conversion of resin components in waste wind turbine blades, the level of fiber resource recovery and utilization is improved, enhancing the comprehensive technical effect and application value of the waste wind turbine blade resource recovery process.

[0017] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and to implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the following are specific embodiments of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a process for the resource recycling method of waste wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment system; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-sorting and forming feeding process; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor. Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the material flow direction between the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of fiber cooling and in-situ resizing and refunctionalization module; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a gas-phase rapid cooling dust removal, purification, and quality improvement process. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0022] Example 1: like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, this application provides a method for resource recycling of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, the method comprising: S10: Cut the waste wind turbine blades into sections and remove foreign objects to obtain the material to be processed; S20: The material to be processed is subjected to vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment to obtain pretreated material with interface weakening. S30: Pre-sorting and shaping the pre-treated material to obtain the fiber main feed; S40: The fiber main feed is fed into the outer ring vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. S50: The fiber feed line undergoes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption within the outer ring vortex zone, generating pyrolysis volatiles and fiber solid phase. The pyrolysis volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving separation between the fiber solid phase processing path and the pyrolysis volatiles processing path. S60: The fiber solid phase after resin desorption is discharged from the outer ring vortex zone and cooled and subjected to in-situ surface treatment. S70: The reaction gas from the central high-energy zone, after gas-phase reforming, is rapidly cooled, dusted, and purified.

[0023] First, the recycled waste wind turbine blades are cut into sections, and foreign objects such as metal connectors, fasteners, and cables are removed to obtain the material to be processed. Then, the material is fed into a vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment process. Under sealed conditions, the material is vacuumed to remove internal pores and interlayer gas trappings. While under vacuum, an interface weakening medium is introduced in atomized form, allowing it to penetrate the fiber-resin interface region within the composite material under pressure differential, thereby reducing the interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and resin. After processing, the interface weakening medium is recovered, yielding the pretreated material. The pretreated material undergoes further pre-sorting and shaping. Fiber materials are separated from non-fiber materials through mechanical peeling, and the fiber materials are bundled, stripped, or wound to form a continuous, easily transportable fiber main feed. Then, the fiber main feed is fed into the outer vortex zone of a vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor, where a carrier gas is tangentially introduced. A vortex flow field is formed, creating an aerodynamic thermal shield between the outer vortex region and the high-energy region at the center of the reactor. Under the constraint of the vortex flow field, the fiber feedstock moves along the inner wall of the outer vortex region, where the resin adhering to its surface undergoes thermal depolymerization and desorption reactions, generating pyrolysis volatiles and fiber solid phase. The fiber solid phase is confined within the outer vortex region and moves along a predetermined processing path under the combined action of the vortex flow field and the aerodynamic thermal shield, thus preventing it from entering the central high-energy region. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shield and enter the central region. In the high-energy zone, a gas-phase reforming reaction is carried out under the action of high-temperature plasma, thereby separating the fiber solid phase treatment path and the cracking volatiles treatment path within the same reactor. After the fiber solid phase is desorbed from the resin, it is discharged from the outer ring vortex zone, cooled in an inert atmosphere, and subjected to in-situ surface treatment to improve the reusability of the recycled fiber. At the same time, the reaction gas from the central high-energy zone, after gas-phase reforming, is sent to the subsequent processing steps for rapid cooling, dust removal, and purification to obtain gaseous products that can be further utilized.

[0024] By introducing a vortex gradient partitioning structure into the plasma reaction process and utilizing the vortex flow field to form an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, the fiber solid phase and resin pyrolysis volatiles run along different processing paths within the reactor. This allows for efficient pyrolysis and gas-phase reforming of resin components, as well as the protection and recovery of fiber materials, all within the same reaction system. This avoids the fiber ablation and performance degradation problems caused by the co-existence of fiber materials and pyrolysis volatiles in existing plasma treatment processes, thus improving the integrity and reuse value of the recovered fibers. Simultaneously, by performing gas-phase reforming of the pyrolysis volatiles in the central high-energy region, the conversion degree and quality of the reaction gas can be improved, enhancing the overall efficiency of resource recovery. Therefore, while achieving effective conversion of resin components from waste wind turbine blades, the level of fiber resource recovery and utilization is improved, enhancing the comprehensive technical effect and application value of the waste wind turbine blade resource recovery process.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the above embodiment, in step S20, reference is made to... Figure 2 Vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment includes: S21: Fill the pretreatment vessel with the material to be processed and seal it; S22: Evacuate the pretreatment vessel to remove the gas from the pores inside the material; S23: Under vacuum conditions, the interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel in the form of atomization, and the pressure difference drives the medium to penetrate into the composite interface region of the material. S24: Stop introducing the interface weakening medium and recover it through condensation and filtration; S25: Discharge the material that has undergone interface weakening treatment from the reactor to obtain pretreated material that has undergone interface weakening.

[0026] Specifically, firstly, the material to be treated, after being cut and foreign matter removed, is loaded into a pretreatment vessel and then sealed. The pretreatment vessel can be a pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant sealed container, with an internal space sufficient to accommodate the material and allow for media diffusion. Next, the pretreatment vessel is evacuated to reduce the internal pressure to a preset negative pressure state, thereby expelling gases trapped in the pores, interlayer structures, and fiber bundles of the material. This evacuation process significantly reduces the gas barrier effect within the material, creating conditions for the subsequent penetration of the interface weakening medium into the composite material. While maintaining the vacuum state, the interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel in atomized form. The atomized medium forms fine droplets or aerosols within the vessel and, driven by the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the vessel, penetrates inward along the pore structure, interlayer channels, and fiber-resin interface region of the material. Through this pressure-driven penetration process, the interface weakening medium can fully contact and act on the composite interface between the fiber and resin, thereby weakening the interface. The physical or chemical bonding strength of the interface weakening medium can be a solvent-based medium, a reactive medium, or a composite medium with both dissolving and reacting functions. Its specific composition can be selected according to the type of resin in the blade. After the interface weakening medium has permeated, the introduction of the interface weakening medium into the pretreatment vessel is stopped, and the interface weakening medium in the gas or liquid phase in the vessel is recovered by condensation and filtration. By setting up a condensation device, the volatile or gaseous interface weakening medium can be condensed into a liquid state, and then impurities entrained are removed by the filtration device, realizing the recycling of the interface weakening medium. Subsequently, the pretreatment vessel is unsealed, and the material after interface weakening treatment is discharged from the vessel, resulting in pretreated material with interface weakening. Through the above-mentioned vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment, the bonding state of the fiber and resin interface in the waste wind turbine blade is changed, which is conducive to the preferential depolymerization and desorption of resin in the subsequent plasma treatment process, while reducing the adhesion of resin residue to the fiber surface, providing a basis for subsequent fiber protection and recycling and pyrolysis volatile separation treatment.

[0027] In this embodiment, in step S30, as Figure 3 As shown, the pre-sorting and shaping process includes: The pretreated material is mechanically separated to obtain fibrous material and non-fibrous material; Magnetic separation or eddy current separation is used to separate metal parts from the pre-treated materials; Fiber materials are bundled, stripped, or wound to form fiber main feed; Non-fibrous materials are compressed into blocks or granules and used as feedstock for the mixed solid phase branch line.

[0028] Specifically, the pretreated material after interface weakening treatment is first subjected to mechanical exfoliation. Since the interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and resin has been weakened, the composite material structure can be disintegrated under lower mechanical energy conditions during mechanical exfoliation, thereby obtaining fibrous materials mainly composed of fibers, as well as non-fibrous materials mainly composed of resin residues and core material fragments. Subsequently, the pretreated material undergoes metal separation treatment, using magnetic separation or eddy current separation to remove residual metal connectors or fasteners, reducing the adverse effects of metal impurities entering the subsequent high-temperature plasma treatment stage on the equipment and reaction process. Based on this, the separated fibrous materials are then subjected to shaping processing. By using methods such as bundling, strip formation, or winding, the fibers are fed into a main fiber feed with good continuity and relatively stable structure. This allows the fibers to move along a predetermined path during subsequent transport and entry into the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor, preventing disordered tumbling or agglomeration within the reactor. Simultaneously, the separated non-fiber materials are compressed into blocks or granules to form a mixed solid-phase feed branch, thereby improving transport stability and feed controllability. Through the above pre-sorting and forming processes, the different components are distinguished in terms of material morphology and feeding method, providing front-end support for the movement of the fiber solid phase and pyrolysis volatiles along different processing paths during subsequent plasma treatment.

[0029] In this reactor, a mixed solid-phase feedstock is introduced into a designated inlet of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and enters either the central high-energy zone or a designated area within the outer vortex zone. This feedstock is used to generate pyrolysis volatiles, which are then introduced into the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming. Specifically, the mixed solid-phase feedstock is introduced into the reactor through a designated inlet located on the reactor. The location and structure of this inlet can be configured according to the physical morphology of the mixed solid-phase feedstock and the expected reaction path, ensuring that it reaches the predetermined processing area after entering the reactor. In one embodiment, the mixed solid-phase feedstock directly enters the central high-energy zone of the reactor through the designated inlet, where it undergoes a rapid pyrolysis reaction under the action of high-temperature plasma, generating pyrolysis volatiles. Volatile substances participate in the gas-phase reforming process within the reactor. In another embodiment, the mixed solid-phase feed enters a designated area of ​​the outer ring vortex zone of the reactor through a designated feed inlet. Under the action of the vortex flow field, it undergoes heating and preliminary pyrolysis. The resulting cracked volatiles migrate radially inward under the guidance of the vortex flow field and pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer into the central high-energy zone. Under the action of plasma, they undergo further gas-phase reforming. In this way, the mixed solid-phase feed is mainly used to provide a source of cracked volatiles within the reactor. Its processing path is independent of the controlled movement path of the fiber main feed in the outer ring vortex zone, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the cracking and gas-phase reforming processes of organic components in the reaction system without interfering with the stable operation of the fiber solid phase.

[0030] As a preferred embodiment of the above, in step S40, as Figure 4 , 5 As shown, the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor includes an outer ring vortex region and a central high-energy region arranged coaxially. The outer ring vortex region is equipped with a tangential air intake structure to form a vortex flow field and an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, and the central high-energy region is equipped with a plasma generator. The fiber main feed enters the outer ring vortex zone through the tangential feed port, where the resin undergoes thermal depolymerization and desorption. The cracked volatiles are guided by the vortex flow field into the central high-energy zone, where they undergo gas-phase reforming.

[0031] Specifically, the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor includes a coaxially arranged outer vortex region and a central high-energy region in the radial direction. These two regions form a radial partition in structure and perform different processing tasks. A tangential air inlet structure is provided on the outer periphery of the outer vortex region, through which carrier gas is introduced to create a stable vortex flow field within the outer vortex region. A plasma generator is located in the central high-energy region to create a high-temperature plasma reaction environment in the central area. In this reactor, an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer with significant temperature and flow gradients is formed between the outer vortex region and the central high-energy region due to the presence of the vortex flow field. This aerodynamic thermal shielding layer isolates the high-temperature environment of the central high-energy region in the radial direction, thus creating a gradient distribution within the reactor: an outer ring medium-temperature treatment zone and an inner ring high-energy reaction zone. The fiber main feed enters the outer vortex region through a tangential feed inlet located on the reactor, and under the constraint of the vortex flow field, it spirals along the inner wall of the outer vortex region. In the outer vortex region, the resin components carried by the fiber feed undergo thermal depolymerization and desorption reactions under heating conditions, generating pyrolysis volatiles and fiber solid phases. During this process, due to the synergistic effect of the vortex flow field and the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, the fiber solid phase is confined radially within the outer vortex region and moves along a predetermined processing path, thus avoiding entry into the central high-energy region and reducing the possibility of direct exposure to the high-temperature plasma environment. Simultaneously, the pyrolysis volatiles migrate radially inward under the guidance of the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, enter the central high-energy region, and undergo further gas-phase reforming reactions under the action of the high-temperature plasma generated by the plasma generator. Through the above structure and operation mode, the separation of the fiber solid phase and pyrolysis volatiles in the fiber feed is achieved in the same reactor in terms of spatial position and processing path, allowing the thermal depolymerization of resin and the deep reforming of volatiles to be completed in different functional areas, while maintaining the controlled movement state of the fiber solid phase in a relatively mild environment.

[0032] In this embodiment, in step S40, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, and central supplementary gas is introduced into the central high-energy region to regulate gas phase reforming. The carrier gas is an inert gas, a mixture of inert gas and steam, or a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide. The central supplementary gas is steam, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide. Specifically, the carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field. The carrier gas can be an inert gas to construct a stable vortex flow structure and provide an inert environment within the outer ring vortex region; it can also be a mixture of inert gas and steam, allowing the steam to participate in the flow field construction while influencing the cracking products generated during resin pyrolysis; or it can be a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide to provide a reaction medium for subsequent reactions within the outer ring vortex region. Simultaneously, the central supplementary gas is introduced into the central high-energy region. The system regulates the gas-phase reforming process of pyrolysis volatiles in a plasma environment. The central supplementary gas can be steam to promote the water-gas reaction of pyrolysis volatiles; it can also be carbon dioxide to promote the dry reforming reaction of pyrolysis volatiles; or it can be a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide to create a reaction atmosphere in the central high-energy region where multiple gas-phase reforming reactions coexist. Through the partitioned introduction of the carrier gas in the outer ring vortex region and the supplementary gas in the central high-energy region, the outer ring vortex region mainly undertakes the function of constructing the vortex flow field and constraining the fiber solid-phase path, while the central high-energy region mainly undertakes the function of plasma reforming of pyrolysis volatiles. Thus, the flow field, thermal field and reaction atmosphere can be synergistically controlled within the same reactor.

[0033] In step S60, such as Figure 6 As shown, cooling and in-situ surface treatment are carried out in a fiber processing module, which includes a sequentially connected sealed cooling chamber, an atomization deposition unit, and a curing / drying section. The fiber solid phase is cooled in a closed cooling chamber under an inert atmosphere; Subsequently, in the atomization deposition unit, a slurry precursor or a functionalized precursor is sprayed onto its surface; The precursor is then fixed in the curing / drying section.

[0034] Specifically, the high-temperature fiber solid phase from the outer ring vortex zone first enters a sealed cooling chamber. An inert gas is introduced into this chamber to create an inert atmosphere, allowing the fiber solid phase to gradually cool under oxygen-free conditions. Cooling in an inert atmosphere prevents oxidation, ablation, or surface defect expansion caused by contact with air at high temperatures, thus maintaining the stability of the fiber's structure and mechanical properties. During cooling, the fiber solid phase continuously passes through the sealed cooling chamber along a predetermined transport path to achieve a stable and controllable temperature reduction. After cooling, the fiber solid phase directly enters the atomization deposition unit. In this unit, a spraying device atomizes the sizing precursor or functionalized precursor onto the fiber solid phase surface. The atomization deposition method allows the precursor to uniformly cover the fiber surface and the interstitial areas between fiber bundles, thereby improving the wettability, interfacial activity, or functional properties of the fiber surface. Based on the characteristics of the precursor, it can be selected according to the subsequent fiber reuse method. Subsequently, the fiber solid phase carrying the precursor enters the curing or drying section. In the curing or drying section, the precursor deposited on the fiber surface is fixed or dried by heating, airflow or other means, thereby forming a stable functional layer on the fiber surface. By integrating the cooling, deposition and curing processes into the same fiber processing module, the fiber solid phase can complete the transformation from a high-temperature desorbed state to a reusable state in a continuous and controlled process path, reducing the risk of performance degradation caused by intermediate transportation and secondary exposure. Through the above implementation method, rapid cooling and in-situ surface treatment of the fiber are achieved while maintaining the structural integrity of the fiber solid phase. This allows the recycled fiber to have a surface state suitable for subsequent processing or reuse after leaving the plasma reactor, thereby improving the overall quality and application value of fiber resource recycling in waste wind turbine blades.

[0035] As a preferred embodiment of the above, in step S70, as Figure 7 As shown, quenching, dust removal, and purification are performed sequentially within a single gas phase treatment unit, which includes: The quench unit is used to rapidly cool the reaction gases; The dust removal unit, connected downstream of the quench unit, is used to remove solid particles from the gas. The condensable matter separation unit is connected downstream of the dust removal unit and is used to condense and separate condensable components in the gas. The deep purification and quality improvement unit is connected downstream of the condensable matter separation unit and is used to further purify the gas.

[0036] Specifically, the reactant gas first enters a quenching unit, where it is rapidly cooled using a spray cooling medium, heat exchanger, or other rapid cooling methods. This quenching process lowers the gas temperature to a predetermined range within a short time, suppressing secondary reactions or tar condensation reactions that may occur under high-temperature conditions, thereby stabilizing the gas composition. After quenching, the gas then enters a dust removal unit, which may employ cyclone separation, filtration, or a combination thereof to remove fine solid particles entrained in the gas. The dust-treated gas further enters a condensable separation unit, where condensable components are separated from the gas through condensation or adsorption. Tar, moisture, or other high-boiling-point components are precipitated from the gas phase and collected, yielding condensable products and further reducing the impurity content in the gas. After condensable separation, the gas enters a deep purification and upgrading unit. In this unit, the gas can be further purified by means of adsorption, catalysis or membrane separation to remove residual impurities or adjust the gas composition so that the resulting gas meets the requirements for subsequent utilization or emission. Through the gas phase treatment process set up in sequence above, the complex gas system generated by high temperature plasma reaction can be stably converted into gas products with controllable composition and high quality.

[0037] In this embodiment, step S80 is also included, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the solid products from the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and the solid by-products separated in the gas phase processing unit are sent to the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit for processing. The classification and diversion unit includes a screening mechanism, an air classifying mechanism, and an impurity collection mechanism, which are used to separate solid materials into fibrous solid phases, fine powder solid phases of different particle sizes, and solid phases enriched with impurities.

[0038] Specifically, the solid material first enters the screening mechanism, which performs primary particle size separation, distinguishing larger fibrous or agglomerated solid phases from smaller fine powder solid phases. Through screening, fibrous solid phases with good morphological integrity are preferentially separated, providing a foundation for subsequent fiber recycling or reuse. The screened fine particles then enter the air classifier, where, using airflow velocity differences or centrifugal force, the fine powder solid phase is further classified according to particle size and density differences, allowing fine powder solid phases of different particle size ranges to be extracted separately. Through air classification, the fine powder solid phase can be subdivided into multiple grades, thus providing conditions for its reuse or treatment in different application scenarios. During the screening and air classification processes, the impurity collection mechanism and... The screening mechanism and the air classifier work together to collect abnormal components or impurity solid phases enriched during the classification process. The impurity solid phases may include materials rich in inorganic fillers, ash, or other non-target components. By collecting and managing them separately, they are prevented from mixing into the fibrous solid phase or fine powder solid phase, thereby improving the purity and utilization value of various solid products. Through the above implementation method, the solid products directly generated by the reactor and the solid by-products precipitated in the gas phase treatment unit are treated in a unified manner, and the separation of fibrous solid phase, fine powder solid phases of different particle sizes, and enriched impurity solid phase is completed in the same classification and diversion unit. This allows the solid products to no longer be treated as a single mixed waste, but to be transformed into a variety of controllable and usable solid resources, thereby improving the overall utilization efficiency and system integrity of the waste wind turbine blade resource recycling process.

[0039] Example 2: In this embodiment, the object of processing is a decommissioned glass fiber reinforced composite wind turbine blade, which includes a glass fiber reinforcement layer, an epoxy resin matrix layer, a foam core material layer, and a surface gel coat coating.

[0040] (a) Segmentation and foreign object removal The entire wind turbine blade is mechanically cut into blade segments with a length of 1.5m.

[0041] After being cut into segments, the metal connectors that can be directly contacted on the surface and inside of the leaf segments are manually removed, and the attached mud, sand and non-structural debris are cleaned off to obtain the material to be processed.

[0042] (II) Vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment The material to be processed is loaded into the pretreatment vessel, the vessel is closed, and the vacuum system is activated to reduce the pressure inside the vessel to 20 kPa.

[0043] While maintaining a vacuum state, an interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel through an atomization system. The interface weakening medium is sprayed in a continuous atomization manner for 15 minutes.

[0044] After atomization is completed, the temperature inside the pretreatment vessel is raised to 90°C and maintained at this temperature for 60 minutes to allow the interface weakening medium to completely impregnate the composite interface region inside the material to be treated.

[0045] After the treatment is completed, heating is stopped and the introduction of the interface weakening medium is stopped. The interface weakening medium is recovered by condensation and filtration. Then the pretreatment vessel is opened, the pretreated material that has been weakened by the interface is taken out and allowed to stand for 30 minutes under normal pressure for drip drying.

[0046] (III) Pre-sorting and forming feeding Mechanical peeling is performed on the pretreated material after interface weakening treatment to separate the glass fiber reinforcement layer from the foam core material layer.

[0047] The stripped material is then processed by a magnetic separator to remove any remaining metal parts.

[0048] The separated glass fiber reinforcement layer is sorted and bundled to form a fiber main feed with a diameter of 50-80 mm.

[0049] The foam core material and coating fragments are compressed into blocks to form a mixed solid feed line with a size of approximately 100mm×100mm×50mm.

[0050] (iv) Selective depolymerization of vortex gradient plasma The fiber main feed is fed into the outer vortex zone of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor through a tangential feed port.

[0051] Nitrogen gas is introduced into the outer annular vortex region as the outer annular carrier gas, and the flow rate of the outer annular carrier gas is set to 30 Nm³. 3 / h, which makes the outer ring vortex region form a stable vortex flow field.

[0052] The plasma generator is activated in the central high-energy region, and steam is introduced into the central high-energy region as a central supplementary gas, with the steam flow rate set to 10 Nm³. 3 / h.

[0053] The reactor as a whole is maintained at a pressure of −2 kPa through a negative pressure system.

[0054] The fiber feed line completes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption in the outer ring vortex zone, and the resulting cracked volatiles enter the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming under the action of the vortex flow field.

[0055] The fiber solid phase after resin desorption is continuously discharged through the outer ring outlet.

[0056] The mixed solid feed is fed into the central high-energy zone of the reactor through a designated feed port, and participates in the gas-phase reforming process together with the cracked volatiles.

[0057] (v) Fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization The fiber solid phase discharged from the outer ring outlet enters the fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization module.

[0058] The fiber solid phase first enters a sealed cooling chamber and is cooled to below 80°C under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0059] After cooling, the fiber solid phase enters the atomization deposition unit, and a silane-based sizing precursor is sprayed onto the surface of the fiber solid phase for 5 minutes.

[0060] After spraying, the fiber solid phase enters the curing / drying section and is treated at 120°C for 20 minutes to fix the sizing precursor.

[0061] (vi) Gas phase quenching, dust removal, purification and quality improvement The reaction gas discharged from the central high-energy zone enters the quench unit through the gas outlet, where the gas temperature is reduced to below 200°C through indirect heat exchange.

[0062] The gas then enters a cyclone separator for dust removal and further passes through a ceramic filter to remove fine particles.

[0063] After dust removal, the gas enters the condensable matter separation unit for condensation separation. The condensed gas then enters the deep purification and upgrading unit, where it is purified through an adsorption bed.

[0064] (vii) Classification and separation of inorganic solid phase and fine powder The solid material collected in the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and gas treatment unit enters the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit.

[0065] The solid material is first separated into fibrous solid phase and fine powder solid phase by a screening mechanism. The fine powder solid phase then enters the air classifier for classification. The impurity-enriched solid phase that cannot be classified is discharged through the impurity-enriched solid phase collection mechanism.

[0066] In Example 1, the glass fiber reinforced composite wind turbine blades are subjected to segmentation and foreign matter removal, vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment, pre-sorting and forming feeding, and vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization treatment in sequence, so that the solid phase of the reinforcing fiber and the volatiles of resin cracking are treated separately in different areas.

[0067] Compared with existing recycling methods that use overall crushing or overall high-temperature treatment, this embodiment weakens the interfacial bond between the reinforcing fiber and the resin matrix in a vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment stage, so that the fiber can enter the outer ring vortex zone of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor in a layered or bundled form during subsequent processing, thereby avoiding the reinforcing fiber directly entering the central high-energy zone.

[0068] By completing the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption in the outer ring vortex region and introducing the cracked volatiles into the central high-energy region for gas-phase reforming, the solid phase of the reinforcing fiber and the gas-phase reaction process are separated, reducing the probability of the reinforcing fiber remaining in the high-energy plasma region. Compared with the existing method of sending the composite material as a whole into the high-temperature reaction zone, this treatment method is beneficial to maintaining the structural integrity of the fiber solid phase.

[0069] Furthermore, by setting up fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization modules after the fiber solid phase is discharged, the fiber solid phase can be cooled and form a surface treatment layer under closed conditions. Compared with the existing technical solutions that only recycle fibers without post-processing, this is beneficial for the subsequent use of fibers as reinforcing materials.

[0070] Example 3: Except for the fact that the object of this embodiment is a carbon fiber reinforced composite wind turbine blade, the other steps are the same as in Embodiment 1.

[0071] The difference is: During vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment, the pressure inside the pretreatment vessel is controlled at 25 kPa, the treatment temperature is controlled at 80℃, and the treatment time is 50 min. The outer ring carrier gas in the outer ring vortex region is a mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide in a volume ratio of 7:3, and the outer ring carrier gas flow rate is set to 35 Nm³. 3 / h; Carbon dioxide was used as the central supplementary gas, with a flow rate set at 12 Nm³. 3 / h; In the atomization deposition unit, functionalized precursors are sprayed instead of sizing precursors, while other processing conditions remain unchanged.

[0072] In Example 2, carbon fiber reinforced composite wind turbine blades were used as the processing object. By adjusting the composition of the outer ring carrier gas in the outer ring vortex region and the central supplementary gas in the central high-energy region, the carbon fiber reinforced layer was processed in the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor according to the predetermined partition path.

[0073] Compared with existing technologies that use thermal pyrolysis or incineration to process carbon fiber composites, this embodiment treats the composite interface in a vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment stage, so that the carbon fiber reinforcement layer is in an easily separable state before entering the plasma reactor, thereby reducing mechanical damage to the fibers in subsequent processing.

[0074] Meanwhile, by dividing the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region, the carbon fiber reinforcement layer mainly completes resin desorption in the outer ring vortex region, while the cracked volatiles undergo gas-phase reforming in the central high-energy region. This avoids the carbon fiber being exposed to the plasma environment of the central high-energy region for a long time. Compared with the existing whole plasma treatment method, this partitioned treatment method is beneficial to reduce the heat load of the carbon fiber in the high-energy region.

[0075] In the fiber post-processing stage, the fiber surface is treated in the fiber cooling and in-situ re-sizing / re-functionalization module, so that the recovered carbon fiber solid phase has a surface treatment layer, which is different from the existing recycling method that only obtains bare fibers.

[0076] Example 4: In this embodiment, the object of processing is a decommissioned glass fiber reinforced composite wind turbine blade. The wind turbine blade includes a glass fiber reinforcement layer, an epoxy resin matrix layer, a polymer foam core material layer and a surface coating, wherein the core material layer accounts for a relatively high proportion of the blade thickness.

[0077] (a) Segmentation and foreign object removal The entire wind turbine blade was cut into blade segments with a length of 1.2m using a wire saw.

[0078] After being cut into segments, the metal inserts that can be directly removed from the leaf segments are mechanically removed, and the attached mud, sand and loose coating fragments are cleaned to obtain the material to be processed.

[0079] (II) Vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment The material to be processed is loaded into the pretreatment vessel, the vessel is closed, and the vacuum system is activated to reduce the pressure inside the pretreatment vessel to 30 kPa.

[0080] Under vacuum conditions, the interface weakening medium is continuously introduced into the pretreatment vessel through an atomization system for 20 minutes.

[0081] After the interface weakening medium is introduced, the temperature inside the pretreatment vessel is raised to 100°C and maintained at that temperature for 90 minutes.

[0082] After the treatment is completed, heating is stopped and the interface weakening medium is recovered by condensation and filtration. The pretreated material that has been weakened by the interface is taken out and left to stand for 40 minutes for drip drying.

[0083] (III) Pre-sorting and forming feeding Mechanical peeling is performed on the pretreated material after interface weakening treatment to separate the glass fiber reinforcement layer from the foam core material layer.

[0084] The separated material is then processed by a magnetic separator to remove any residual metal parts.

[0085] The glass fiber reinforcement layer is stripped to form a fiber main feed with a width of 60-100 mm.

[0086] The foam core material and coating fragments are crushed and compressed into blocks to form a mixed solid-phase feed line with a size of approximately 120mm×120mm×60mm.

[0087] (iv) Selective depolymerization of vortex gradient plasma The fiber main feed is fed into the outer vortex zone of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor through a tangential feed port.

[0088] Nitrogen gas is introduced into the outer annular vortex region as the outer annular carrier gas, and the flow rate of the outer annular carrier gas is set to 32 Nm³. 3 / h.

[0089] The plasma generator is activated in the central high-energy region, and steam is introduced into the central high-energy region as a central supplementary gas, with the steam flow rate set to 12 Nm³. 3 / h.

[0090] The reactor as a whole is maintained at a pressure of −3 kPa through a negative pressure system.

[0091] The fiber feed line completes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption in the outer ring vortex zone, and the cracked volatiles enter the central high-energy zone for gas phase reforming. The desorbed fiber solid phase is discharged from the outer ring outlet.

[0092] The mixed solid feed line enters the central high-energy zone through a designated feed port to participate in gas-phase reforming.

[0093] (v) Fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization The fiber solid phase enters the fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization module, and is cooled to below 90°C in a sealed cooling chamber under a nitrogen atmosphere.

[0094] Subsequently, a silane-based sizing precursor was sprayed onto the fiber solid phase in the atomization deposition unit for 6 minutes, and then treated at 110°C for 25 minutes in the curing / drying section.

[0095] (vi) Gas phase and solid phase post-processing The reactant gases sequentially enter the gas phase quenching, dust removal, purification and quality improvement units to complete the treatment.

[0096] The solid material generated during the reaction enters the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit, and is discharged after sieving, air classification and impurity collection.

[0097] In Example 3, for wind turbine blades made of glass fiber reinforced composite material with a high proportion of sandwich material, the interface bonding state between the sandwich material layer and the reinforcing fiber layer is weakened by extending the vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment time and adjusting the treatment temperature.

[0098] Compared with existing technologies that directly crush or heat-treat sandwich composite materials, this embodiment separates the reinforcing fiber layer and the sandwich material layer during the pre-sorting and forming feeding stages. This allows the sandwich material and coating fragments to be fed as mixed solid-phase feed lines into a designated area for processing, while the reinforcing fiber layer is fed as the main fiber line into the outer ring vortex zone for processing.

[0099] By employing the aforementioned diversion method, the mixing of core material into the reinforcing fiber processing path is avoided, unlike existing technologies that treat all materials uniformly without differentiating their types. This processing method is beneficial for maintaining a stable feed state of the fiber mainline within the outer ring vortex region during the subsequent selective depolymerization process using vortex gradient plasma.

[0100] Example 5: In this embodiment, the object of the treatment is a decommissioned wind turbine blade made of a composite material of glass fiber and carbon fiber. Different regions of the blade are provided with glass fiber reinforcement layers and carbon fiber reinforcement layers respectively, and they share a common thermosetting resin matrix.

[0101] (a) Segmentation and foreign object removal The wind turbine blades are mechanically cut into blade segments with a length of 1.8m.

[0102] After being cut into segments, the metal connectors and inserts on the surface of the leaf segments are removed manually to obtain the material to be processed.

[0103] (II) Vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment The material to be processed is loaded into the pretreatment vessel, and a vacuum is drawn until the pressure inside the vessel is 25 kPa.

[0104] Under vacuum conditions, the interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel through an atomization system for 18 minutes.

[0105] The temperature inside the pretreatment vessel was then controlled at 85°C and maintained for 70 minutes.

[0106] After the treatment is completed, the weakened interfacial medium is recovered by condensation and filtration, and the pretreated material is discharged from the reactor and subjected to drip drying.

[0107] (III) Pre-sorting and forming feeding The pretreated material is mechanically peeled off to separate the glass fiber reinforcement layer from the carbon fiber reinforcement layer as a whole, and then separated from the core material.

[0108] After magnetic separation, the stripped reinforcing fiber layer is bundled to form the fiber main feed.

[0109] The core material and residual resin form a mixed solid phase feed line.

[0110] (iv) Selective depolymerization of vortex gradient plasma The fiber main feed enters the outer vortex zone of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor through the tangential feed port.

[0111] A nitrogen-carbon dioxide mixture with a volume ratio of 8:2 was introduced into the outer annular vortex region as the outer annular carrier gas, and the outer annular carrier gas flow rate was set to 34 Nm³. 3 / h.

[0112] A mixture of steam and carbon dioxide is introduced into the central high-energy zone as a central supplementary gas, with a steam to carbon dioxide volume ratio of 1:1 and a total flow rate set at 14 Nm³. 3 / h.

[0113] The reactor was maintained at a negative pressure of −2.5 kPa.

[0114] The fiber feed line completes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption in the outer ring vortex zone, and the cracked volatiles enter the central high-energy zone for gas phase reforming. The treated fiber solid phase is discharged from the outer ring outlet.

[0115] The mixed solid feed line enters the central high-energy zone through a designated feed port.

[0116] (v) Fiber and gas-solid post-treatment The fiber solid phase enters the fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization module, is cooled to below 85°C in a closed cooling chamber, and then the functionalized precursor is sprayed in the atomization deposition unit and treated at 115°C for 30 min in the curing / drying section.

[0117] The reactant gases and solid residues are respectively fed into the gas phase quenching, dust removal, purification and quality improvement unit and the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit to complete subsequent processing.

[0118] In Example 4, for wind turbine blades with a mixed glass fiber and carbon fiber reinforced structure, the reinforcing fiber layer is peeled off as a whole after vacuum infiltration interface weakening pretreatment, and then fed into a vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor as a unified fiber main feed for processing.

[0119] Compared with existing recycling methods designed for single reinforcing materials, this embodiment uses the partitioning of the outer ring vortex zone and the central high-energy zone in the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor to allow different types of reinforcing fibers to complete resin desorption in the same processing path, while the cracked volatiles uniformly enter the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming.

[0120] By completing resin desorption of reinforcing fibers in the outer ring vortex zone and performing surface treatment on the fiber solid phase in the fiber cooling and in-situ resizing / refunctionalization module, the fiber solid phases formed by different reinforcing materials can have a consistent treatment state in subsequent processes. This method is different from the existing technical solutions that set up separate treatment processes for different fiber materials.

[0121] Example 6: This invention also includes a resource recycling system for spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, the system comprising: The cutting and foreign object removal unit is used to cut and remove foreign objects from waste wind turbine blades to obtain the material to be processed. The vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment unit is used to perform vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment on the material to be treated, so as to obtain the pretreated material with interface weakening. The pre-sorting and forming unit is used to pre-sort and form the pre-treated materials to obtain the fiber main feed; The vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor feeds the fiber main line into the outer ring vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. The outer ring vortex zone is used to cause the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption of the fiber main feed within the outer ring vortex zone, generating cracked volatiles and fiber solid phase. Among them, the cracked volatiles are guided by the vortex flow field to pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving the separation of the fiber solid phase processing path and the cracked volatiles processing path. The fiber processing unit is used to discharge the fiber solid phase after resin desorption from the outer ring vortex zone and perform cooling and in-situ surface treatment. The gas phase processing unit is used to rapidly cool, remove dust, and purify the reaction gas from the central high-energy zone after gas phase reforming.

[0122] The adjustment system described above in this invention can effectively realize the resource recycling method of waste wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, and the technical effects it can achieve are as described in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0123] Similarly, the above-mentioned optimization schemes for the system can also achieve the optimization effects corresponding to the methods in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here.

[0124] Although this application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments, it is obvious that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of this application. Accordingly, this specification and accompanying drawings are merely exemplary illustrations of the application as defined herein, and are to be considered as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents within the scope of this application. Clearly, those skilled in the art can make various alterations and modifications to this application without departing from its scope. Thus, if such modifications and modifications fall within the scope of this application and its equivalents, this application intends to include such modifications and modifications.

Claims

1. A method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, characterized in that, The method includes: The waste wind turbine blades are cut into sections and foreign objects are removed to obtain the material to be processed. The material to be processed is subjected to vacuum permeation interface weakening pretreatment to obtain interface weakened pretreated material. The pretreated material is pre-sorted and shaped to obtain the fiber main feed; The fiber main feed is fed into the outer ring vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, carrier gas is introduced into the outer ring vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer ring vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. The fiber feedstock undergoes resin thermal depolymerization and desorption within the outer ring vortex zone, generating pyrolysis volatiles and fiber solid phase. The pyrolysis volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving separation between the fiber solid phase processing path and the pyrolysis volatiles processing path. The fiber solid phase, after resin desorption, is discharged from the outer ring vortex region and then cooled and subjected to in-situ surface treatment. The reaction gas from the central high-energy zone, after gas-phase reforming, is subjected to rapid cooling, dust removal, and purification.

2. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment includes: The material to be processed is loaded into the pretreatment vessel and sealed. The pretreatment vessel is evacuated to remove the gas from the pores inside the material; Under vacuum conditions, the interface weakening medium is introduced into the pretreatment vessel in the form of atomization, and the pressure difference drives the medium to penetrate into the composite interface region of the material. Stop introducing the interface-weakening medium and recover it through condensation and filtration; The material that has undergone interface weakening treatment is discharged from the reactor to obtain the pretreated material that has undergone interface weakening.

3. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pre-sorting and shaping process includes: The pretreated material is mechanically peeled off to obtain fibrous material and non-fibrous material; The pretreated material is subjected to magnetic separation or eddy current separation to separate the metal parts; The fibrous material is bundled, stripped, or wound to form the fiber main feed; The non-fibrous material is compressed into blocks or granules and used as feed for the mixed solid phase branch line.

4. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mixed solid-phase feed is fed into the designated feed port of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and enters the central high-energy zone or a designated area of ​​the outer ring vortex zone to generate pyrolysis volatiles, which are then introduced into the central high-energy zone for gas-phase reforming.

5. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor includes an outer ring vortex region and a central high-energy region arranged coaxially. The outer ring vortex region is provided with a tangential air intake structure to form a vortex flow field and the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer, and the central high-energy region is provided with a plasma generator. The fiber main feed enters the outer ring vortex zone through the tangential feed port, and the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption are completed in the outer ring vortex zone. The cracked volatiles enter the central high-energy zone under the guidance of the vortex flow field and complete gas phase reforming in the central high-energy zone.

6. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 5, characterized in that, The outer ring vortex region is introduced with carrier gas to form a vortex flow field, and the central high-energy region is introduced with central supplementary gas to regulate the gas phase reforming. The carrier gas is an inert gas, a mixture of inert gas and steam, or a mixture of inert gas and carbon dioxide, and the central supplementary gas is steam, carbon dioxide, or a mixture of steam and carbon dioxide.

7. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling and in-situ surface treatment are carried out in a fiber processing module, which includes a sequentially connected sealed cooling chamber, an atomization deposition unit, and a curing / drying section. The fiber solid phase is cooled in the sealed cooling chamber under an inert atmosphere; Subsequently, in the atomization deposition unit, a slurry precursor or a functionalized precursor is sprayed onto its surface; The precursor is then fixed in the curing / drying section.

8. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rapid cooling, dust removal, and purification processes are performed sequentially within a gas phase processing unit, which includes: The quench unit is used to rapidly cool the reaction gases; A dust removal unit, connected downstream of the quenching unit, is used to remove solid particles from the gas; A condensable separation unit is connected downstream of the dust removal unit and is used to condense and separate condensable components in the gas. The deep purification and quality improvement unit is connected downstream of the condensable matter separation unit and is used to further purify the gas.

9. The method for resource recovery of spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes sending the solid products from the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor and the solid by-products separated in the gas phase processing unit into the inorganic solid phase and fine powder classification and diversion unit for processing. The grading and diversion unit includes a screening mechanism, an airflow grading mechanism, and an impurity collection mechanism, used to separate the solid material into a fibrous solid phase, a fine powder solid phase with different particle sizes, and a solid phase enriched with impurities.

10. A resource recycling system for spent wind turbine blades based on high-temperature plasma, characterized in that, The system includes: The cutting and foreign object removal unit is used to cut and remove foreign objects from waste wind turbine blades to obtain the material to be processed. A vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment unit is used to perform vacuum-permeable interface weakening pretreatment on the material to be treated to obtain pretreated material with interface weakening. The pre-sorting and forming unit is used to pre-sort and form the pre-treated material to obtain the fiber main feed; A vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor is used to feed the fiber main line into the outer vortex region of the vortex gradient plasma selective depolymerization reactor; wherein, a carrier gas is introduced into the outer vortex region to form a vortex flow field, thereby forming an aerodynamic thermal shielding layer between the outer vortex region and the central high-energy region of the reactor. The outer ring vortex zone is used to cause the resin thermal depolymerization and desorption of the fiber main feed within the outer ring vortex zone, generating cracked volatiles and fiber solid phase; wherein, the cracked volatiles, guided by the vortex flow field, pass through the aerodynamic thermal shielding layer and enter the central high-energy zone for gas phase reforming, while the fiber solid phase is confined within the outer ring vortex zone and moves along its processing path, thereby achieving separation of the fiber solid phase processing path and the cracked volatiles processing path; The fiber processing unit is used to discharge the fiber solid phase after resin desorption from the outer ring vortex zone and perform cooling and in-situ surface treatment. The gas phase processing unit is used to rapidly cool, remove dust, and purify the reaction gas from the central high-energy zone after gas phase reforming.

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