Railway passenger car traction beam welding and positioning tool

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding equipment, and discloses a railway passenger car traction beam welding positioning tool which comprises a base, a positioning mechanism and a pressing mechanism. The positioning mechanism is arranged on the base and comprises a first positioning assembly used for positioning the end of the traction main beam and a second positioning assembly used for aligning and positioning a weldment and the traction main beam. The downward pressing mechanism comprises a downward pressing contact assembly and a driving assembly used for driving the downward pressing contact assembly to linearly move, ascend, descend and turn over. The pressing contact assembly comprises a pressing main body. By arranging the unique structure of the fixed center contact body and the graded synchronous telescopic side contact bodies, the pressing contact area can be accurately and flexibly selected according to the deformation restraining requirements of different welding point positions, the restraining force needed for restraining middle upward-arching deformation is guaranteed, and the deformation restraining effect of the middle upward-arching deformation is guaranteed. And the problems of excessive pressing and pressing damage of the workpiece caused by an overlarge contact area are avoided, and the balance of deformation prevention and pressing damage prevention is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of welding equipment technology, and more specifically, to a welding positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam. Background Technology

[0002] The traction beam of a rail passenger vehicle is a crucial load-bearing structure of the car body. It is relatively long and has a complex cross-sectional shape, typically assembled from multiple welded plates. During the welding process, uneven heat input can cause slight upward bending deformation in the middle of the traction beam under internal stress. If the bending deformation is significant, it can affect the dimensional accuracy and mechanical properties of the workpiece.

[0003] In existing technologies, the conventional approach to suppress such deformation is to use a pressing mechanism in the middle of the beam to achieve constraint. Common solutions include fixed-point, fixed-contact-area pressing and multi-point independent rigid clamping. For the fixed-point, fixed-contact-area pressing method, a fixed pressure block is placed in the middle of the beam, and its pressing position and contact area cannot be adjusted. This method is difficult to meet the deformation suppression requirements of different welding points, and is prone to situations where local deformation is not suppressed or excessive clamping leads to surface damage and excessive internal stress. As for multi-point independent rigid clamping, it uses multiple independent cylinders or clamps to clamp different points. Although this method allows for adjustment of the clamping points, it is cumbersome, expensive, and difficult to maintain. Furthermore, these multiple independent clamping points are all rigid constraints, which can hinder the thermal expansion and contraction of the workpiece during welding, potentially leading to new internal stress and deformation.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a welding positioning fixture with a simple structure that can dynamically adjust the pressure contact area according to the welding point, effectively suppressing welding deformation, avoiding damage to the workpiece, and reducing additional internal stress. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a welding and positioning fixture for the traction beam of a rail passenger vehicle to solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solutions: This invention provides a welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam, comprising: a base, a positioning mechanism, and a pressing mechanism; The positioning mechanism is mounted on the base and includes a first positioning component for positioning the end of the traction main beam and a second positioning component for aligning and positioning the weldment with the traction main beam. The pressing mechanism includes a pressing contact assembly and a driving assembly for driving the pressing contact assembly to perform linear movement, lifting and lowering and flipping actions respectively. The pressing contact assembly includes a pressing body, a first pressing contact body, a plurality of second pressing contact bodies, and a telescopic drive component. The first pressing contact body is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom of the pressing body. The plurality of second pressing contact bodies are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed on both sides of the first pressing contact body with the first pressing contact body as the axis of symmetry, and each second pressing contact body is slidably connected to the bottom of the pressing body. The telescopic drive component is connected to each second pressing contact body in a transmission manner. It is used to selectively drive the corresponding second pressing contact body to extend and retract at preset times, so that the bottom surface of the corresponding second pressing contact body is flush with the bottom surface of the first pressing contact body, so as to adapt to the effective pressing contact points required at different positions of the traction main beam.

[0007] Preferably, the telescopic drive includes an elastic connecting part the same number as the second pressing contact body, two movable pressing parts with continuous pressing slopes, and a drive part; the elastic connecting part is connected to the second pressing contact body in a one-to-one correspondence, and is used to provide a restoring force to keep the second pressing contact body in a retracted state; the two movable pressing parts are symmetrically slidably disposed in the pressing body; The driving unit is used to drive the two moving extrusion units to move synchronously towards or away from each other, so that the moving extrusion units apply downward pressure to the corresponding elastic connecting parts, thereby realizing the action of the second downward pressure contact body on the same side extending outward in stages.

[0008] Preferably, the elastic connection part includes a connecting rod fixedly installed on the top of the second pressing contact body, a return spring is connected between the connecting rod and the pressing body, a ball bearing is provided at the top of the connecting rod, and the movable extrusion part is a sliding body with two identical and continuous extrusion slopes, and the two sliding bodies respectively cooperate and link with the second pressing contact body on the corresponding side; The drive unit includes a lead screw with opposite thread directions at both ends, a servo motor, and a gear set. The lead screw is rotatably mounted inside the pressing body. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the lead screw through the gear set. The two sliding bodies are threadedly connected to both ends of the lead screw.

[0009] Preferably, the number of the second pressing contact body is four, and the four second pressing contact bodies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first pressing contact body in pairs.

[0010] Preferably, each of the second pressing contact bodies and the bottom surface of the first pressing contact body is provided with a protective pad.

[0011] Preferably, the driving component includes a linear drive, a lifting drive disposed at the moving end of the linear drive, and a tilting drive disposed on the lifting drive, wherein the pressing body is installed at the moving end of the tilting drive.

[0012] Preferably, the flipping drive includes a base, a flipping seat hinged to the base, and an operating handle hinged to the base. The operating handle and the flipping seat are hinged together by a hinge flange. By rotating the operating handle, the flipping seat can be driven to perform a flipping action synchronously.

[0013] Preferably, a locking slider is slidably provided on one side of the base, and a slot adapted to the locking slider is provided at the bottom of the operating handle. The operating handle in a vertical position can be locked by the locking slider engaging with the slot.

[0014] Preferably, the linear drive includes a slide fixedly mounted on the top of the base, a movable seat slidably connected to the slide, a rotary motor mounted on the slide, and the output end of the rotary motor being threadedly connected to the movable seat via a ball screw.

[0015] Preferably, the lifting drive includes a support base fixedly installed on the top of the movable base, a lifting base slidably installed on the support base, and a servo electric cylinder fixedly installed on the support base. The telescopic end of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the lifting base, and the lifting base is connected to the base.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention, by setting a unique fixed center contact body and graded synchronous telescopic side contact body structure, can accurately and flexibly select the downward pressure contact area according to the deformation suppression requirements of different welding points. This ensures the constraint force required to suppress the upward arching deformation in the middle, while avoiding excessive pressing and workpiece damage caused by an excessively large contact area, thus achieving a balance between deformation prevention and damage prevention. In addition, the present invention integrates a multi-degree-of-freedom drive component with linear movement, vertical lifting and tilting functions, which can be linked with the control system of automated welding equipment. By preset pressing points and contact modes, the entire process can be automated, improving production efficiency and product consistency. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a top view of a welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the positioning mechanism in the welding and positioning fixture for the traction beam of a rail passenger vehicle according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a side view of the positioning mechanism in a welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is the present invention. Figure 4 Cross-sectional view of plane AA in the middle.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Positioning mechanism; 21. First positioning component; 22. Second positioning component; 3. Pressing mechanism; 31. Pressing contact component; 311. Pressing body; 312. First pressing contact body; 313. Second pressing contact body; 314. Connecting rod; 315. Return spring; 316. Ball bearing; 317. Sliding body; 318. Transmission screw; 319. Servo motor; 3110. Gear set; 3111. Protective pad; 32. Drive component; 321. Base; 322. Tilting seat; 323. Operating handle; 324. Locking slider; 325. Slot; 326. Slide table; 327. Moving seat; 328. Rotating motor; 329. Ball screw; 3210. Support seat; 3211. Lifting seat; 3212. Servo electric cylinder; 4. Traction main beam; 5. Welded parts. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The subject matter described herein will now be discussed with reference to exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and implement the subject matter described herein, and changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements discussed without departing from the scope of this specification. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0020] Please refer to the following: Figures 1 to 5 A welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam includes: a base 1, a positioning mechanism 2, and a pressing mechanism 3.

[0021] The base 1 serves as the installation foundation and is welded from high-strength steel to ensure overall rigidity. The positioning mechanism 2 is mounted on the base 1 and includes a first positioning component 21 and a second positioning component 22. The first positioning component 21 clamps and positions both ends of the traction main beam 4, typically using hydraulic or manual quick-clamping. The second positioning component 22 aligns and positions the welded components, such as stiffening plates and cover plates, with the traction main beam 4; it can also be a hydraulic or manual quick-clamping structure.

[0022] The pressing mechanism 3 includes a pressing contact assembly 31 and a driving assembly 32. The driving assembly 32 drives the pressing contact assembly 31 to move along the X-axis (beam length direction), rise and fall along the Z-axis (vertical direction), and rotate around the Y-axis.

[0023] The pressing contact assembly 31 includes a pressing body 311, a first pressing contact body 312, four second pressing contact bodies 313, and a telescopic drive component. The first pressing contact body 312 is fixedly installed at the middle position of the bottom of the pressing body 311. The four second pressing contact bodies 313 are symmetrically distributed around the first pressing contact body 312, with two bodies forming a group, located on the left and right sides of the first pressing contact body 312 respectively. The bottom of the pressing body 311 is provided with a corresponding movable groove that adapts to the second pressing contact body 313. The second pressing contact body 313 slides within the movable groove, moving up and down within it.

[0024] The telescopic drive component includes four elastic connecting parts, two sliding bodies 317, and a drive unit. Each elastic connecting part corresponds to a second pressing contact body 313. The elastic connecting part includes a connecting rod 314 fixedly connected to the top of the second pressing contact body 313, a return spring 315 sleeved on the connecting rod 314, and a spherical ball 316 disposed at the top of the connecting rod 314. One end of the return spring 315 abuts against the stepped surface inside the pressing body 311, and the other end abuts against the flange on the connecting rod 314, always providing a return force that pulls the second pressing contact body 313 upward, so that it is in the retracted state by default.

[0025] Two sliding bodies 317 are symmetrically arranged within the cavity of the pressing body 311 and can slide along the length of the pressing body 311. Each sliding body 317 has two continuous extrusion ramps on the side facing the connecting rod 314. The height and slope of these two extrusion ramps are exactly the same to ensure that when the sliding body 317 moves, it can generate equal downward pressure on the two connecting rods 314 on the same side.

[0026] The drive unit includes a lead screw 318 with oppositely oriented threads at both ends, a servo motor 319, and a gear set 3110 connecting the two. The lead screw 318 is rotatably mounted in the pressing body 311 via bearings. Two sliding bodies 317 are threadedly connected to both ends of the lead screw 318. When the servo motor 319 is working, it drives the lead screw 318 to rotate via the gear set 3110, thereby causing the two sliding bodies 317 to move synchronously towards or away from each other.

[0027] By adopting the drive component 32 of the above type, hierarchical control function can be achieved without the need for complex sensors and electronic control systems, which not only reduces manufacturing costs but also reduces failure points and facilitates maintenance.

[0028] In addition, the bottom surfaces of the first pressing contact 312 and the second pressing contact 313 are both covered with Teflon protective pads 3111, which have the characteristics of high temperature resistance, anti-slip and low friction.

[0029] like Figure 5As shown, the working process of the aforementioned pressing contact assembly 31 is as follows: all second pressing contact bodies 313 are in a retracted state. When it is necessary to increase the contact area, the servo motor 319 rotates in the forward direction, which drives the two sliding bodies 317 to move towards each other. The pressing slope on the sliding body 317 begins to contact and press down on the spherical ball 316, overcoming the elastic force of the return spring 315, and pushing the connecting rod 314 and the second pressing contact body 313 downward. Since the pressing slope is continuous, the moving distance of the sliding body 317 determines the extension amount of the second pressing contact body 313. When the sliding body 317 moves to the preset position, the bottom surface of the second pressing contact body 313 contacts the first pressing contact body 313. The bottom surface of the pressure contact body 312 is flush; by controlling the moving distance of the sliding body 317, one or two second pressure contact bodies 313 extending on the same side can be precisely selected; in this embodiment, by controlling the number of rotations of the servo motor 319, multiple modes such as only center contact, two contacts on the center and both sides, and four contacts on the center and both sides can be achieved to adapt to the contact surface requirements of different welding points; when it is necessary to reduce the contact area, by rotating the servo motor 319 in the opposite direction, the two sliding bodies 317 can be driven to move in opposite directions, the sliding body 317 separates from the ball bearing 316, and the second pressure contact body 313 remains in a retracted state under the action of the return spring 315.

[0030] The drive assembly 32 includes a linear drive, a lifting drive, and a tilting drive; the linear drive is a slide table 326 module, which includes a slide table 326 fixed to the top of the base 1, a movable seat 327 slidably connected to the slide table 326, a rotary motor 328 fixed to one end of the slide table 326, and a ball screw 329 connecting the output end of the rotary motor 328 to the movable seat 327; the rotary motor 328 drives the ball screw 329 to rotate, thereby driving the movable seat 327 to move precisely along the slide table 326 (X-axis direction).

[0031] The lifting drive is mounted on the movable seat 327, which includes a support seat 3210 fixed to the top of the movable seat 327, a lifting seat 3211 slidably mounted on the support seat 3210, and a servo electric cylinder fixed to the top of the support seat 3210; the extension end of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the lifting seat 3211, and the lifting seat 3211 is driven to move up and down along the Z-axis by the extension and retraction of the servo electric cylinder.

[0032] The tilting drive is mounted on the lifting base 3211, and includes a base 321 fixedly connected to the lifting base 3211, a tilting seat 322 hinged to the base 321 via a hinge shaft, and an operating handle 323 hinged to the base 321 via a hinge shaft. The pressing body 311 is fixedly mounted on the movable end of the tilting seat 322, and the lower part of the operating handle 323 is hinged to the tilting seat 322 via a hinge flange, forming a linkage mechanism. When the operating handle 323 rotates around its hinge point with the base 321, it drives the tilting seat 322 to tilt synchronously around its hinge point with the base 321 via the hinge flange, thereby changing the tilt angle of the pressing body 311.

[0033] A locking slider 324 is also slidably provided on the base 321. The bottom of the operating handle 323 is provided with a slot 325 that matches the shape of the locking slider 324. When the operating handle 323 is rotated to a vertical position (at this time the pressing body 311 is in a horizontal position), the locking slider 324 is pushed to insert into the slot 325, which can lock the operating handle 323 and prevent the flip seat 322 from rotating accidentally during the pressing process.

[0034] The specific usage process of the welding and positioning fixture for the traction beam of the rail passenger car provided by this invention is as follows: Step 1, workpiece clamping: hoist the main traction beam 4 onto the base 1, clamp and fix its two ends by the first positioning component 21, and align and fix each weldment with the main beam by the second positioning component 22.

[0035] Step 2, positioning of the pressing point: The control system controls the linear drive to move the pressing mechanism 3 to the first pressing point according to the preset welding program.

[0036] Step 3, contact area adjustment: The control system sends a command to the servo motor 319 according to the deformation suppression requirements of the point, drives the telescopic drive to work, so that the corresponding number and position of the second pressing contact body 313 extend, and adjusts the total contact area to the optimal mode.

[0037] Step 4, posture adjustment: Manually control the flipping drive to flip the pressing body 311 to a position parallel to the workpiece surface, and push the locking slider 324 to lock it.

[0038] Step 5, pressing down: Control the lifting drive to drive the pressing contact assembly 31 to descend, so that the first pressing contact body 312 and the extended second pressing contact body 313 contact the workpiece surface and apply a preset pressing force.

[0039] Step 6, Welding: The welding robot begins welding at this point. During this process, the protective pad 3111 allows the workpiece to slide slightly under heat, releasing stress.

[0040] Step 7, Cyclic Operation: After welding is completed, the lifting drive component rises, the pressure is released, and steps 2 to 6 are repeated to weld the next point.

[0041] In summary, this invention achieves precise, graded adjustment of the downward pressure contact area by employing a unique structure of a fixed central contact body and graded, synchronously telescopic side contact bodies, along with a purely mechanical transmission mechanism composed of a bidirectional lead screw and a continuous extrusion inclined plane. This allows the tooling to flexibly select the optimal constraint area based on the deformation suppression requirements of different welding points, ensuring the constraint force required to suppress the upward arching deformation in the middle while avoiding excessive compression and workpiece damage caused by an excessively large contact area.

[0042] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention, all of which are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam, characterized in that, include: Base, positioning mechanism, and pressing mechanism; The positioning mechanism is mounted on the base and includes a first positioning component for positioning the end of the traction main beam and a second positioning component for aligning and positioning the weldment with the traction main beam. The pressing mechanism includes a pressing contact assembly and a driving assembly for driving the pressing contact assembly to perform linear movement, lifting and lowering and flipping actions respectively. The pressing contact assembly includes a pressing body, a first pressing contact body, a plurality of second pressing contact bodies, and a telescopic drive component. The first pressing contact body is fixedly installed in the middle of the bottom of the pressing body. The plurality of second pressing contact bodies are symmetrically and equidistantly distributed on both sides of the first pressing contact body with the first pressing contact body as the axis of symmetry, and each second pressing contact body is slidably connected to the bottom of the pressing body. The telescopic drive component is connected to each second pressing contact body in a transmission manner. It is used to selectively drive the corresponding second pressing contact body to extend and retract at preset times, so that the bottom surface of the corresponding second pressing contact body is flush with the bottom surface of the first pressing contact body, so as to adapt to the effective pressing contact points required at different positions of the traction main beam.

2. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The telescopic drive includes an elastic connecting part with the same number of second pressing contact bodies, two movable pressing parts with continuous pressing slopes, and a drive part; the elastic connecting part is connected to the second pressing contact body in a one-to-one correspondence, and is used to provide a restoring force to keep the second pressing contact body in a retracted state; the two movable pressing parts are symmetrically slidably disposed in the pressing body; The driving unit is used to drive the two moving extrusion units to move synchronously towards or away from each other, so that the moving extrusion units apply downward pressure to the corresponding elastic connecting parts, so as to realize the action of the second downward pressure contact body on the same side extending outward in stages from the inside.

3. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger car traction beam according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic connection part includes a connecting rod fixedly installed on the top of the second pressing contact body. A return spring is connected between the connecting rod and the pressing body. A ball bearing is provided at the top of the connecting rod. The movable extrusion part is a sliding body with two identical and continuous extrusion slopes. The two sliding bodies cooperate and move in conjunction with the second pressing contact body on the corresponding side. The drive unit includes a lead screw with opposite thread directions at both ends, a servo motor, and a gear set. The lead screw is rotatably mounted inside the pressing body. The output end of the servo motor is connected to the lead screw through the gear set. The two sliding bodies are threadedly connected to both ends of the lead screw.

4. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of the second pressing contact body is set to four, and the four second pressing contact bodies are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the first pressing contact body in pairs.

5. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 4, characterized in that, Each of the second pressing contact bodies and the bottom surface of the first pressing contact body is provided with a protective pad.

6. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive assembly includes a linear drive, a lifting drive disposed at the moving end of the linear drive, and a tilting drive disposed on the lifting drive. The pressing body is installed at the moving end of the tilting drive.

7. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flipping drive includes a base, a flipping seat hinged to the base, and an operating handle hinged to the base. The operating handle and the flipping seat are hinged together by a hinge flange. By rotating the operating handle, the flipping seat can be driven to flip synchronously.

8. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 7, characterized in that, A locking slider is slidably provided on one side of the base, and a slot adapted to the locking slider is provided at the bottom of the operating handle. The operating handle in a vertical position can be locked by the locking slider engaging with the slot.

9. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger vehicle traction beam according to claim 8, characterized in that, The linear drive component includes a slide fixedly mounted on the top of the base, a movable seat slidably connected to the slide, a rotary motor mounted on the slide, and the output end of the rotary motor being threadedly connected to the movable seat via a ball screw.

10. The welding and positioning fixture for a rail passenger car traction beam according to claim 9, characterized in that, The lifting drive includes a support base fixedly installed on the top of the movable base, a lifting base slidably installed on the support base, and a servo electric cylinder fixedly installed on the support base. The telescopic end of the servo electric cylinder is connected to the lifting base, and the lifting base is connected to the base.

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