Double-arch-abutment graded gas and material distribution structure of smoothing type dry distillation furnace

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of oil shale retorts, and discloses a smooth retort double-arch-abutment graded gas and material distribution structure which comprises an outer furnace body, an inner furnace body is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body, a feeding pipe is connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body in a penetrating mode, and the outer wall of the feeding pipe is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the outer furnace body. High-temperature gas is conveyed into the second gas inlet pipe, the falling oil shale is dispersed through the material distributing assembly, the oil shale with the small size is rearranged multiple times in the falling process, meanwhile, the high-temperature gas in the second gas inlet pipe enters the lower arch abutment, and finally the high-temperature gas is sprayed out through the multiple staggered gas distribution holes. The contact area of high-temperature gas and the oil shale is greatly increased, the high-temperature gas makes full contact with the falling oil shale, materials are evenly distributed in cooperation with the porous inverted-V-shaped plate, the oil shale at different positions and with different granularities is evenly heated, and the problem that due to the fact that the temperature rise difference is large in the oil shale falling process, oil shale dry distillation is insufficient is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of oil shale retort furnace equipment, specifically a Fushun-type retort furnace with a double-arch platform and a staged gas and material distribution structure. Background Technology

[0002] The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace (also known as the Fushun generating dry distillation furnace) is a vertical cylindrical oil shale dry distillation furnace with gas heat carrier that has been independently developed and industrially applied in my country for over 70 years. It is one of the most mature furnace types in the field of block oil shale refining. Its core technology is to utilize the heat generated by semi-coke gasification plus the heat supplemented by circulating hot gas to achieve low-temperature dry distillation of oil shale.

[0003] In the dry distillation of oil shale, high-temperature circulating gas is usually distributed through a gas distribution chamber to heat the oil shale to a sufficient temperature. However, when the gas is distributed in the gas distribution chamber, the oil shale continues to fall inside the dry distillation tower. The gas is blocked by the oil shale and may tend to flow upward along the furnace wall where the resistance is smaller. It is difficult to penetrate to the center of the furnace, resulting in a gas distribution blind zone. This leads to uneven heating of the oil shale in the central area and affects the uniform temperature rise of the oil shale. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a Fushun-type dry distillation furnace with a double-arch staged gas and material distribution structure, including an outer furnace body, an inner furnace body fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body, a feed pipe penetrating the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body, and the outer wall of the feed pipe fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body, and further including: The distribution mechanism is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body; Gas distribution mechanism, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body; The oscillating mechanism is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the air distribution mechanism. In operation, oil shale is fed into the feed pipe via an external feeding device and enters the inner furnace through the feed pipe. Then, high-temperature gas is supplied into the inner furnace through a distribution mechanism to heat and dry distill the oil shale.

[0005] Preferably, the distribution mechanism includes: The material distribution component is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body; The gas distribution assembly is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body; The material entering the inner furnace is dispersed by the material distribution component, and the high-temperature gas entering the inner furnace is dispersed by the gas distribution component.

[0006] Preferably, the air distribution mechanism includes: Interlaced components are fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body; A reciprocating component, which is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the interlacing component; The staggered components cause high-temperature gas to be ejected in multiple directions, and the falling oil shale will collide with the reciprocating components, which will move downwards due to the impact.

[0007] Preferably, the yaw mechanism includes: The guide component is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the interlaced component; The unblocking component is slidably mounted on the outer wall of the reciprocating component.

[0008] Preferably, the material distribution component includes a collection umbrella fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace, an exhaust pipe being connected through the inner wall of the collection umbrella, and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace. The outer wall of the exhaust pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body, and two perforated inverted V plates are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body. The exhaust pipe is connected to an external collection device. The oil shale falling from the feed pipe will first come into contact with the collection umbrella. The oil shale is dispersed by the flow guided by the umbrella surface. The oil shale that continues to fall will come into contact with the porous inverted V plate. The through holes in the porous inverted V plate will change the falling path of the smaller oil shale, so that the smaller oil shale will be rearranged multiple times during the descent, which will effectively alleviate the accumulation of material on the furnace wall and make the material distribution more uniform.

[0009] Preferably, the gas distribution assembly includes an upper arch platform fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body, an air inlet hole is provided on the inner wall of the inner furnace body, an air inlet pipe is connected through the inner wall of the air inlet hole, and the outer wall of the air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body. The gas inlet pipe is connected to an external high-temperature gas transmission pipe. The high-temperature gas is then transported to the gas inlet pipe through the external transmission pipe. The high-temperature gas in the gas inlet pipe is distributed by the upper arch platform and then enters the inner furnace to heat the oil shale.

[0010] Preferably, the staggered assembly includes six gas distribution pipes fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body, the six gas distribution pipes are arranged in a ring array, and a lower arch platform is provided inside the inner furnace body; The outer wall of the lower arch platform is connected to the side of the six gas distribution pipes away from the inner wall of the furnace body. The bottom of the inner wall of the lower arch platform is connected to the second gas inlet pipe. The inner wall of the six gas distribution pipes is provided with several gas distribution holes. The inner wall of the inner furnace body is provided with two air inlets. The inner wall of the two air inlets is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the two air inlets, and the outer wall of the two air inlets is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body. The process involves connecting the second gas inlet pipe to an external high-temperature gas supply pipe. High-temperature gas is then transported into the second gas inlet pipe via the external supply pipe. The gas then enters the lower arch platform and, from there, into multiple radially arranged gas distribution pipes. Finally, it is ejected through multiple staggered gas distribution holes within the distribution pipes, creating a gradient spray along the radial direction of the inner furnace body. This significantly increases the contact area between the high-temperature gas and the oil shale, ensuring thorough contact between the gas and the falling oil shale. Combined with a porous inverted V-plate that evenly distributes the material, this process ensures uniform heating of oil shale at different locations and with different particle sizes. This solves the problem of significant temperature differences during the oil shale's descent, which previously led to incomplete dry distillation of the oil shale. When oil shale is heated, it produces a mixture of gases, including methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. These gases rise to the bottom of the collection umbrella and are then discharged through the exhaust pipe to an external collection device.

[0011] Preferably, the reciprocating assembly includes an arc-shaped cover slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower arch, a spring ring slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower arch, and the side of the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover away from the lower arch fixedly connected to the top of the spring ring. During the continuous descent of oil shale, some of the oil shale will impact the arc-shaped cover. When large-diameter oil shale impacts the arc-shaped cover, it will generate a large impact force that will push the arc-shaped cover downwards a long distance. As the arc-shaped cover descends, it will compress the spring ring, causing the spring ring to accumulate elastic potential energy.

[0012] Preferably, the guide assembly includes sliding rings slidably connected to the outer wall of the air distribution pipe, and each of the six sliding rings has a connecting rod rotatably connected to the top of its outer wall, and the inner walls of each of the six connecting rods rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped cover. The inner wall of each of the six sliding rings is rotatably connected to a set of six connecting rods on the side away from the lower arch platform; the set of thirty-six connecting rods is 266. As the arc-shaped hood descends, it pushes the connecting rod to rotate, which in turn pushes the sliding ring to move towards the inner wall of the furnace.

[0013] Preferably, the unblocking component includes thirty-six arc-shaped blocks disposed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body, with the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks arranged in groups of six; The side of each of the six sets of arc-shaped blocks away from the inner wall of the furnace is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the six sets of connecting rods 2, and the side of each of the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks near the inner wall of the furnace is fixedly connected to a sliding block. Thirty-six sliding blocks are arranged in groups of six. The outer walls of the six groups of sliding blocks are slidably connected to the inner walls of the six air distribution pipes. Several unblocking rods are fixedly connected to the side of each of the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks near the air distribution pipes. The outer walls of the unblocking rods are slidably connected to the inner walls of the air distribution holes. When the sliding ring moves, the unblocking rod cannot descend because it is limited by the outer wall of the air distribution pipe. During the movement of the sliding ring, the arc block, the unblocking rod and the sliding block will move synchronously through the second connecting rod. As the arc block continues to move, the sliding block will be blocked by the groove of the air distribution pipe. At this point, the unblocking rod will align with the air distribution hole. As the sliding ring continues to move, it will push the second connecting rod to rotate. The second connecting rod will push the arc-shaped block towards the outer wall of the air distribution pipe, allowing the unblocking rod to insert into the air distribution hole and scrape off the powder adhering to the inner wall of the air distribution hole. This keeps the air distribution hole unobstructed, ensuring the stable ejection of high-temperature gas and effectively preventing the powder generated during the dry distillation of oil shale from gradually clogging the air distribution hole and affecting the uniformity of gas distribution.

[0014] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: (1) When the present invention is used, high-temperature gas is transported to gas inlet pipe one and gas inlet pipe two through external gas supply pipes. After being distributed by the upper arch platform, the high-temperature gas in gas inlet pipe one will enter the inner furnace body and then be dispersed by the material distribution component to disperse the falling oil shale, so that the smaller oil shale will be rearranged multiple times during the descent. At the same time, the high-temperature gas in gas inlet pipe two will enter the lower arch platform and finally be sprayed out through multiple staggered gas distribution holes, which greatly increases the contact area between the high-temperature gas and the oil shale, so that the high-temperature gas and the falling oil shale can fully contact each other. Combined with the porous inverted V plate to make the material evenly distributed, the oil shale of different positions and different particle sizes will be heated evenly, which solves the problem of large temperature difference during the fall of oil shale, resulting in insufficient dry distillation of oil shale.

[0015] (2) In this invention, when large-diameter oil shale impacts the arc-shaped cover, a large impact force will be generated, which will push the arc-shaped cover to move downward a long distance. As the arc-shaped cover descends, it will squeeze the spring ring. At the same time as the arc-shaped cover descends, it will push the connecting rod to rotate. The connecting rod will push the sliding ring to move towards the inner wall of the furnace body. Finally, the guiding component and the unblocking component will allow the unblocking rod to be inserted into the gas distribution hole, scrape off the powder attached to the inner wall of the gas distribution hole, keep the gas distribution hole unobstructed, ensure the stable spraying of high-temperature gas, and effectively prevent the powder generated during the dry distillation of oil shale from gradually blocking the gas distribution hole and affecting the uniformity of gas distribution.

[0016] (3) In this invention, when small-diameter oil shale impacts the arc-shaped cover, the impact force on the arc-shaped cover is small, and it will only cause the arc-shaped cover to move down a short distance. The arc-shaped cover will push the unblocking rod through the connecting rod to occupy part of the space above the gas distribution hole, thereby changing the injection direction of the high-temperature gas. When the arc-shaped cover is impacted by the falling oil shale and reciprocates, it will frequently change the direction of the high-temperature gas ejected from the gas distribution hole, thereby realizing the sweeping injection of high-temperature gas. This transforms the jet that was originally fixed in direction into a dynamic jet that can swing, thereby expanding the coverage area of ​​the high-temperature gas. This can destroy the thermal boundary layer on the surface of the oil shale, further enhance the gas-solid heat exchange efficiency, and ensure that the interior of the oil shale can also reach the target dry distillation temperature.

[0017] (4) In this invention, when the arc-shaped cover is impacted by falling oil shale and reciprocates, it will drive the spring ring to reciprocate up and down synchronously. When the spring ring descends, it will squeeze the high-temperature gas in the lower arch platform, intermittently accelerating the speed at which the high-temperature gas is ejected from the gas distribution hole, which will enhance the penetrating power of the high-temperature gas, break through the obstruction of the surrounding oil shale, and fully diffuse the high-temperature gas into the depth of the material layer, eliminate the gas distribution blind zone, and further improve the uniformity of temperature in the inner furnace body. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the outer furnace body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the upper arch platform of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the umbrella used in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inner furnace body of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the lower arch platform of the present invention; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 6 Enlarged view of point A in the middle; Figure 8 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air distribution pipe of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of point B in the middle; Figure 10 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air distribution tube of the present invention from the right side.

[0020] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows: In the diagram: 1. Distribution mechanism; 11. Material distribution assembly; 12. Gas distribution assembly; 13. Outer furnace body; 14. Inner furnace body; 15. Feed pipe; 111. Collection umbrella; 112. Exhaust pipe; 113. Perforated inverted V plate; 121. Upper arch platform; 122. Gas inlet pipe one; 2. Gas distribution mechanism; 21. Interlacing assembly; 22. Reciprocating assembly; 211. Lower arch platform; 212. Gas inlet pipe two; 213. Gas distribution pipe; 214. Gas distribution hole; 221. Arc-shaped cover; 222. Spring ring; 3. Swinging mechanism; 31. Guide assembly; 32. Unblocking assembly; 311. Sliding ring; 312. Connecting rod one; 313. Connecting rod two; 321. Arc-shaped block; 322. Unblocking rod; 323. Sliding block. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1, please refer to Figures 1-5 This invention relates to a double-arch staged gas and material distribution structure for a Fushun-type dry distillation furnace, comprising an outer furnace body 13, an inner furnace body 14 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body 13, a feed pipe 15 penetratingly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14, and the outer wall of the feed pipe 15 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body 13, and further comprising: Distribution mechanism 1 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14; Gas distribution mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14; The oscillating mechanism 3 is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the air distribution mechanism 2; In use, oil shale is fed into the feed pipe 15 by an external feeding device and enters the inner furnace body 14 through the feed pipe 15. Then, high-temperature gas is fed into the inner furnace body 14 by the distribution mechanism 1 to heat and dry distill the oil shale.

[0023] Distribution agency 1 includes: The material distribution component 11 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14; Gas distribution assembly 12 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14; The material entering the inner furnace body 14 is dispersed by the material distribution component 11, and the high-temperature gas entering the inner furnace body 14 is dispersed by the gas distribution component 12.

[0024] The air distribution mechanism 2 includes: Interlaced assembly 21, which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14; Reciprocating component 22 is slidably disposed on the outer wall of interlaced component 21; Among them, the interleaved component 21 will cause high-temperature gas to be ejected in multiple directions, and the falling oil shale will impact the reciprocating component 22, which will move downwards due to the impact.

[0025] The oscillating mechanism 3 includes: Guide component 31 is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the interlaced component 21; The unblocking component 32 is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the reciprocating component 22.

[0026] Example 2, please refer to Figures 2-10 The present invention is a staged gas and material distribution structure for a Fushun-type dry distillation furnace with a double arch platform. Based on Example 1, the material distribution component 11 includes a collection umbrella 111 fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. The inner wall of the collection umbrella 111 is connected to an exhaust pipe 112, and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe 112 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. The outer wall of the exhaust pipe 112 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body 13, and two perforated inverted V plates 113 are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. The exhaust pipe 112 is connected to an external collection device. The oil shale falling from the feed pipe 15 will first come into contact with the collection umbrella 111. The oil shale is dispersed by the umbrella surface of the collection umbrella 111. The oil shale that continues to fall will come into contact with the porous inverted V plate 113. The through holes in the porous inverted V plate 113 will change the falling path of the smaller oil shale, so that the smaller oil shale will be rearranged multiple times during the falling process, which will effectively alleviate the accumulation of material on the furnace wall and make the material distribution more uniform.

[0027] The gas distribution assembly 12 includes an upper arch 121 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. An air inlet is provided on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. An air inlet pipe 122 is connected through the inner wall of the air inlet. The outer wall of the air inlet pipe 122 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body 13. The gas inlet pipe 122 is connected to an external high-temperature gas transmission pipe. The high-temperature gas is then transported to the gas inlet pipe 122 through the external gas transmission pipe. The high-temperature gas in the gas inlet pipe 122 is distributed by the upper arch platform 121 and then enters the inner furnace body 14 to heat the oil shale.

[0028] The staggered assembly 21 includes six gas distribution pipes 213 fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. The six gas distribution pipes 213 are arranged in a ring array. The inner furnace body 14 has a lower arch platform 211 inside. The outer wall of the lower arch platform 211 is connected to the side of the six gas distribution pipes 213 away from the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. The bottom of the inner wall of the lower arch platform 211 is connected to the second gas inlet pipe 212. The inner wall of the six gas distribution pipes 213 is provided with several gas distribution holes 214. The inner wall of the inner furnace body 14 is provided with an air inlet hole 2. The inner wall of the air inlet hole 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air inlet pipe 212. The outer wall of the air inlet pipe 212 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body 13. The gas inlet pipe 212 is connected to an external high-temperature gas supply pipe. High-temperature gas is then transported into the gas inlet pipe 212 through the external gas supply pipe. The high-temperature gas enters the lower arch platform 211 and then enters multiple radially arranged gas distribution pipes 213. Finally, it is ejected through multiple staggered gas distribution holes 214 in the gas distribution pipes 213, so that the high-temperature gas is injected radially along the inner furnace body 14 in a gradient manner. This greatly increases the contact area between the high-temperature gas and the oil shale, allowing the high-temperature gas to fully contact the falling oil shale. Combined with the porous inverted V plate 113, the material is evenly distributed, so that the oil shale at different locations and with different particle sizes is heated evenly. This solves the problem of large temperature differences during the falling process of oil shale, which leads to insufficient dry distillation of oil shale. When the oil shale is heated, it produces a mixed gas containing methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, which moves upward to the bottom of the collection umbrella 111 and is discharged to the external collection device through the exhaust pipe 112.

[0029] The reciprocating assembly 22 includes an arc-shaped cover 221 that is slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower arch 211. A spring ring 222 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower arch 211. The side of the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover 221 away from the lower arch 211 is fixedly connected to the top of the spring ring 222. During the continuous descent of the oil shale, some of the oil shale will impact the arc-shaped cover 221. When large-diameter oil shale impacts the arc-shaped cover 221, it will generate a large impact force that will push the arc-shaped cover 221 downwards a long distance. The descent of the arc-shaped cover 221 will compress the spring ring 222, causing the spring ring 222 to accumulate elastic potential energy.

[0030] The guide assembly 31 includes a sliding ring 311 slidably connected to the outer wall of the air distribution pipe 213. The top of the outer wall of each of the six sliding rings 311 is rotatably connected to a connecting rod 312. The inner wall of each of the six connecting rods 312 is rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped cover 221. The inner wall of each of the six sliding rings 311 is rotatably connected to six connecting rods 313 on the side away from the lower arch platform 211, and the thirty-six connecting rods 313 are grouped together. When the arc-shaped cover 221 descends, it will push the connecting rod 312 to rotate, and the connecting rod 312 will push the sliding ring 311 to move towards the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14.

[0031] The unblocking component 32 includes thirty-six arc-shaped blocks 321 disposed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14, with the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks 321 arranged in groups of six; The side of the six sets of arc-shaped blocks 321 away from the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the six sets of connecting rods 313, and the side of the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks 321 near the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14 is fixedly connected to the sliding block 323. Thirty-six sliding blocks 323 are arranged in groups of six, and the outer walls of the six groups of sliding blocks 323 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the six air distribution pipes 213. Each of the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks 321 has several unblocking rods 322 fixedly connected to one side of the air distribution pipe 213. The outer walls of the unblocking rods 322 are slidably connected to the inner walls of the several air distribution holes 214. When the sliding ring 311 moves, the unblocking rod 322 cannot descend because it is limited by the outer wall of the air distribution pipe 213. During the movement of the sliding ring 311, the arc-shaped block 321, the unblocking rod 322, and the sliding block 323 will move synchronously through the connecting rod 313. As the arc-shaped block 321 continues to move, the sliding block 323 will be blocked by the groove of the air distribution pipe 213. Figure 9 The position of G in the middle is shown; At this time, the unblocking rod 322 will align with the air distribution hole 214. The sliding ring 311 continues to move, which will push the connecting rod 313 to rotate. The connecting rod 313 will push the arc-shaped block 321 towards the outer wall of the air distribution pipe 213, so that the unblocking rod 322 is inserted into the air distribution hole 214, scraping off the powder attached to the inner wall of the air distribution hole 214, keeping the air distribution hole 214 unobstructed, ensuring the stable emission of high-temperature gas, and effectively preventing the powder generated during the dry distillation of oil shale from gradually clogging the air distribution hole 214 and affecting the uniformity of gas distribution.

[0032] The number of the above components is not limited. Those skilled in the art can set it freely according to actual needs, as long as the above components are installed at the corresponding component connection positions.

[0033] A specific application of this embodiment is as follows: When using this invention, the exhaust pipe 112 is connected to an external collection device, and the first inlet pipe 122 and the second inlet pipe 212 are respectively connected to an external high-temperature gas transmission pipe. Then, through the external transmission pipe, high-temperature gas is transported to the first inlet pipe 122 and the second inlet pipe 212 respectively. The high-temperature gas in the first inlet pipe 122, after being distributed by the upper arch platform 121, enters the inner furnace body 14 to heat the oil shale. Then, through an external feeding device, the oil shale... The oil shale is conveyed into the feed pipe 15 and enters the inner furnace body 14 through the feed pipe 15. The falling oil shale will first contact the collecting umbrella 111. The oil shale is dispersed by the umbrella surface of the collecting umbrella 111. The part of the oil shale that continues to fall will contact the porous inverted V plate 113. The through holes in the porous inverted V plate 113 will change the falling path of the smaller oil shale, so that the smaller oil shale will be rearranged multiple times during the falling process, which effectively alleviates the accumulation of material on the furnace wall and makes the material distribution more uniform. Meanwhile, the high-temperature gas in the second gas inlet pipe 212 will enter the lower arch platform 211, and then enter multiple radially arranged gas distribution pipes 213. Finally, it will be ejected through multiple staggered gas distribution holes 214 in the gas distribution pipes 213, so that the high-temperature gas is injected radially along the inner furnace body 14 in a gradient manner, which greatly increases the contact area between the high-temperature gas and the oil shale, and allows the high-temperature gas to fully contact the falling oil shale. Combined with the porous inverted V plate 113 to make the material evenly distributed, the oil shale at different positions and with different particle sizes will be heated evenly, which solves the problem of large temperature differences during the falling process of oil shale, resulting in insufficient dry distillation of oil shale. When the oil shale is heated, it produces a mixed gas containing methane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which moves upward to the bottom of the collection umbrella 111 and is discharged to the external collection device through the exhaust pipe 112. As the oil shale continues to fall, some of it will impact the arc-shaped cover 221. When large-diameter oil shale impacts the arc-shaped cover 221, it will generate a large impact force that will push the arc-shaped cover 221 downward a considerable distance. As the arc-shaped cover 221 descends, it will compress the spring ring 222, causing the spring ring 222 to accumulate elastic potential energy. At the same time as the arc-shaped cover 221 descends, it will push the connecting rod 312 to rotate, and through the connecting rod 312, it will push the sliding ring 311 to move towards the inner wall of the inner furnace body 14. Because the unblocking rod 322 is limited by the outer wall of the air distribution pipe 213, it cannot descend. During the movement of the sliding ring 311, it will push the arc-shaped block 321, the unblocking rod 322, and the sliding block 323 to move synchronously through the connecting rod 313. As the arc-shaped block 321 continues to move, the sliding block 323 will be blocked by the groove of the air distribution pipe 213. Figure 9 The position of G in the middle is shown; At this time, the unblocking rod 322 will align with the air distribution hole 214. The sliding ring 311 continues to move, which will push the connecting rod 313 to rotate. The connecting rod 313 will push the arc-shaped block 321 towards the outer wall of the air distribution pipe 213, so that the unblocking rod 322 is inserted into the air distribution hole 214, scraping off the powder attached to the inner wall of the air distribution hole 214, keeping the air distribution hole 214 unobstructed, ensuring the stable ejection of high-temperature gas, and effectively preventing the powder generated during the dry distillation of oil shale from gradually clogging the air distribution hole 214 and affecting the uniformity of gas distribution. When the impact force on the arc-shaped cover 221 disappears, the rebound force of the spring ring 222 will be released, pushing the arc-shaped cover 221 back to its original position. The arc-shaped cover 221 will drive the sliding ring 311 to reset in the opposite direction through the first connecting rod 312. The sliding ring 311 will drive the arc-shaped block 321 to rise through the second connecting rod 313 until the sliding block 323 is blocked again by the groove of the air distribution pipe 213. Then the sliding ring 311 will pull the arc-shaped block 321 to reset completely through the second connecting rod 313. Secondly, during the continuous descent of oil shale, when small-diameter oil shale particles impact the arc-shaped cover 221, the impact force on the arc-shaped cover 221 is relatively small, only causing the arc-shaped cover 221 to descend a short distance. The arc-shaped cover 221, through connecting rod 312, will push the sliding ring 311 to move slightly, causing the arc-shaped block 321 and the unblocking rod 322 to move. This allows the unblocking rod 322 to occupy part of the space above the gas distribution hole 214, changing the direction of the high-temperature gas injection. When the impact force of the oil shale on the arc-shaped cover 221 disappears, the arc-shaped cover 221 will drive the sliding ring... 311 and the unblocking rod 322 are reset, removing the obstruction to the gas distribution hole 214. Through the impact of the continuous falling oil shale, the arc-shaped cover 221 drives the unblocking rod 322 to reciprocate at high frequency, frequently changing the direction of the high-temperature gas ejected from the gas distribution hole 214, realizing the sweeping injection of high-temperature gas, turning the originally fixed-direction jet into a dynamic jet that can swing, expanding the coverage of high-temperature gas, which can destroy the thermal boundary layer on the surface of oil shale, further enhancing the gas-solid heat exchange efficiency, and ensuring that the interior of oil shale can also reach the target dry distillation temperature; Secondly, when the arc-shaped cover 221 is impacted by the falling oil shale and reciprocates, it will drive the spring ring 222 to rise and fall synchronously. When the spring ring 222 falls, it will squeeze the high-temperature gas in the lower arch 211, intermittently accelerating the speed at which the high-temperature gas is ejected from the gas distribution hole 214. This will enhance the penetrating power of the high-temperature gas, break through the obstruction of the surrounding oil shale, and fully diffuse the high-temperature gas into the depth of the material layer, eliminating the gas distribution blind zone and further improving the temperature uniformity inside the inner furnace body 14.

[0034] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims

1. A Fushun-type dry distillation furnace with a double-arch platform and a staged gas and material distribution structure, comprising an outer furnace body (13), an inner furnace body (14) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body (13), a feed pipe (15) being connected through the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14), and the outer wall of the feed pipe (15) being fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body (13), characterized in that, Also includes: Distribution mechanism (1), the distribution mechanism (1) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14); Gas distribution mechanism (2), which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14); A sway mechanism (3) is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the air distribution mechanism (2); In use, oil shale is fed into the feed pipe (15) by an external feeding device and enters the inner furnace body (14) through the feed pipe (15). Then, high-temperature gas is fed into the inner furnace body (14) by the distribution mechanism (1) to heat and dry distill the oil shale.

2. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distribution mechanism (1) includes: The material distribution assembly (11) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14); Gas distribution assembly (12), which is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14); The material entering the inner furnace body (14) is dispersed by the material distribution component (11), and the high-temperature gas entering the inner furnace body (14) is dispersed by the gas distribution component (12).

3. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air distribution mechanism (2) includes: Interlaced assembly (21), which is fixedly disposed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14); A reciprocating component (22) is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the interlaced component (21); Among them, the high-temperature gas will be ejected in multiple directions through the interleaved component (21), and the falling oil shale will hit the reciprocating component (22). The reciprocating component (22) will move downward due to the impact.

4. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The yaw mechanism (3) includes: A guide component (31) is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the interlaced component (21); The unblocking component (32) is slidably disposed on the outer wall of the reciprocating component (22).

5. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The material distribution assembly (11) includes a collection umbrella (111) fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). The inner wall of the collection umbrella (111) is connected to an exhaust pipe (112), and the outer wall of the exhaust pipe (112) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). The outer wall of the exhaust pipe (112) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body (13), and two perforated inverted V plates (113) are fixedly connected to the top of the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). Among them, the oil shale falling from the feed pipe (15) will come into contact with the collecting umbrella (111). The oil shale is dispersed by the collecting umbrella (111). When the falling oil shale comes into contact with the porous inverted V plate (113), the smaller oil shale will be rearranged multiple times during the descent.

6. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas distribution assembly (12) includes an upper arch (121) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). The inner wall of the inner furnace body (14) is provided with an air inlet hole, and an air inlet pipe (122) is connected through the inner wall of the air inlet hole. The outer wall of the air inlet pipe (122) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body (13). Among them, the gas inlet pipe (122) is connected to the external gas supply pipe. The external gas supply pipe will deliver high-temperature gas into the inner furnace body (14) through the gas inlet pipe (122) to contact the oil shale and heat the oil shale.

7. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The staggered assembly (21) includes six gas distribution pipes (213) fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). The six gas distribution pipes (213) are arranged in a ring array. The inner furnace body (14) has a lower arch platform (211) inside. The outer wall of the lower arch platform (211) is connected to the side of the six gas distribution pipes (213) away from the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14). The bottom of the inner wall of the lower arch platform (211) is connected to the second gas inlet pipe (212). The inner walls of the six gas distribution pipes (213) are provided with several gas distribution holes (214). The inner wall of the inner furnace body (14) is provided with an air inlet hole 2. The inner wall of the air inlet hole 2 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the air inlet pipe 2 (212). The outer wall of the air inlet pipe 2 (212) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer furnace body (13). Among them, the second air inlet pipe (212) is connected to the external air supply pipe. The external air supply pipe will send high-temperature gas into the lower arch platform (211) through the second air inlet pipe (212), and then into multiple air distribution pipes (213) through the lower arch platform (211), and finally spray out through the air distribution hole (214).

8. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The reciprocating assembly (22) includes an arc-shaped cover (221) slidably connected to the outer wall of the lower arch (211), and a spring ring (222) slidably connected to the inner wall of the lower arch (211). The side of the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover (221) away from the lower arch (211) is fixedly connected to the top of the spring ring (222). The falling oil shale will impact the arc-shaped cover (221), causing the arc-shaped cover (221) to descend and compress the spring ring (222).

9. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch platform staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The guide assembly (31) includes a sliding ring (311) slidably connected to the outer wall of the air distribution pipe (213). The top of the outer wall of each of the six sliding rings (311) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (312). The inner wall of each of the six connecting rods (312) is rotatably connected to the bottom of the arc-shaped cover (221). The inner wall of each of the six sliding rings (311) is rotatably connected to a connecting rod (313) on the side away from the lower arch (211), and the thirty-six connecting rods (313) are grouped together. When the arc-shaped cover (221) descends, the connecting rod (312) pushes the sliding ring (311) to move toward the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14).

10. The Fushun-type dry distillation furnace double-arch staged gas and material distribution structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The unblocking component (32) includes thirty-six arc-shaped blocks (321) disposed on the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14), and the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks (321) are arranged in groups of six; The side of the six sets of arc-shaped blocks (321) away from the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the six sets of connecting rods (313), and the side of the thirty-six arc-shaped blocks (321) close to the inner wall of the inner furnace body (14) is fixedly connected to sliding blocks (323). The thirty-six sliding blocks (323) are grouped into six groups of six. The outer walls of the six groups of sliding blocks (323) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the six air distribution pipes (213). The thirty-six arc-shaped blocks (321) are fixedly connected to a number of unblocking rods (322) on the side near the air distribution pipes (213). The outer walls of the unblocking rods (322) are slidably connected to the inner walls of the air distribution holes (214). When the sliding ring (311) moves, it will push the arc block (321) and the unblocking rod (322) to move synchronously through the second link (313) until the unblocking rod (322) is aligned with the air distribution hole (214).

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