Fabricated laminate-foundation pile wave dissipation structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of port and coast engineering, in particular to a fabricated laminate-foundation pile wave dissipation structure and a construction method thereof. The structure comprises a foundation pile, a laminate module, a wing plate, a building material, pile core concrete and a riprap protection bottom, the foundation piles comprise the front-row foundation piles and the rear-row foundation piles which are arranged in a staggered mode. The laminate module comprises a laminate structure and a steel sleeve; the shelf board modules are arranged on the pile tops of the foundation piles in a sleeving mode and are connected through building materials to form a space portal frame type structure. Conventional densely-arranged foundation piles are arranged in a staggered mode to form the front row and the rear row of the foundation piles with the wing plates, the assembled laminate modules and the foundation piles are connected into a portal frame type structure, so that the overall stress condition of the structure is better, the wave dissipation capacity is improved, the soil stress area is increased, the horizontal bearing capacity of the foundation piles is improved, and stress is dispersed; the wave force is reduced by utilizing the permeable characteristic of the laminate, and the survival condition of the structure is optimized; and meanwhile, the whole process is simpler and more convenient through assembly type construction, the construction period is greatly shortened, and the green and environment-friendly engineering concept is met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of port and coastal engineering technology, and more specifically to a prefabricated slab-pile wave-dissipating structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] A breakwater is a hydraulic structure used to protect ports and coastlines. Its main function is to block waves, maintain water stability, and ensure the safe berthing and operation of ships. For passenger terminals and workboat terminals, which primarily handle passenger boarding and disembarking, the high requirements for berthing stability, combined with the engineering characteristics of soft soil foundations, pile-foundation permeable breakwaters have become a core solution for reducing wave action, improving berthing stability, and enhancing the safety of personnel boarding and disembarking. With the development of port engineering, the site selection for new terminals has gradually shifted to areas with more complex sea conditions and greater water depth. Traditional permeable breakwaters have also evolved from baffle-type structures to structures combining baffle-type structures with closely spaced piles, and closely spaced inclined piles, to adapt to more severe wave conditions and deeper waters.

[0003] Openwork breakwaters must simultaneously meet the dual requirements of wave reduction during operation and resistance to wave forces during typhoons. Better wave reduction results in greater wave forces during typhoons, leading to increased construction costs. Even for small and medium-sized vessels, expensive steel pipe pile structures are often necessary. The combination of baffles and densely packed piles, where the upper structure of the baffle is separate from the densely packed piles below, reduces wave loads on the upper structure. However, the densely packed piles are cantilevered structures, unsuitable for deep water. Densely packed inclined pile structures fully utilize the axial tensile strength of the inclined piles, better adapting to deep water and soft soil foundations. However, due to high wave reflection and poor berthing stability at the leading edge, they can only be used for berthing at the trailing edge. Furthermore, the construction of the densely packed inclined piles and the cast-in-place cap beam structure at the pile top are very difficult, becoming key factors restricting construction quality and schedule.

[0004] As a novel type of permeable breakwater, the horizontal slab breakwater takes into account the characteristic of wave energy concentrating on the water surface. It places the horizontal slab near the water surface to reduce wave impact. Its primary characteristics are high permeability and layered energy dissipation. Its excellent permeability provides good wave-dissipating performance, with weak wave reflection. Unlike solid breakwaters, wave barriers, and densely packed piles that reflect waves completely, the slab structure transforms the traditional "hard blocking" of solid breakwaters into a "guiding + energy dissipation" mode through high permeability. This fundamentally avoids the problem of reflected waves and incident waves superimposing to form standing waves. Therefore, it is well-suited for placement beneath high-pile quays, creating berths for large ships on the sea side and passenger ferries, workboats, and other small and medium-sized vessels on the land side. However, how to install and fix the horizontal slab in the water remains an unsolved problem in engineering, and therefore, there are currently no application examples.

[0005] Chinese utility model patent CN221000839U (publication date: May 24, 2024) discloses a prefabricated combined permeable breakwater structure. This structure combines prefabricated wave walls, wave-breaking plates, pile foundations, and cast-in-place foundations, and adds a wave-dissipating submerged dike to form a multi-stage wave-dissipating system. The bottom elevation of the cast-in-place foundation of this utility model is above the normal water level of the water body. The pile-foundation permeable breakwater can be constructed while the water is still wet, demonstrating strong adaptability to the construction environment. By combining the pile-foundation permeable breakwater with the wave-dissipating submerged dike of the sloping dike structure, the advantages of both are combined. The dike body is compact, the settlement is uniform, and a multi-stage wave-dissipating system is formed, resulting in good wave-dissipating performance and a good wave-dissipating effect. However, the construction of the cast-in-place foundation is constrained by the construction water level and requires procedures such as enclosing the dike, erecting formwork, tying reinforcing bars, pouring concrete, removing formwork, and dismantling the enclosing dike, making the construction process relatively cumbersome. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure, comprising: piles, slab modules, wing plates, building materials, pile core concrete, and riprap bottom protection; The foundation piles include a front row of foundation piles and a rear row of foundation piles arranged in a staggered manner; The layer module includes a layer structure and a steel sleeve; The layered modules are placed on top of the foundation piles and connected by building materials to form a spatial portal frame structure.

[0007] Furthermore, wing plates are provided on both sides of the foundation pile. The wing plates are U-shaped steel plates that are welded to the foundation pile to form a closed structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the layer module is a precast concrete structure, and during precasting, each layer is connected into a whole by pre-embedded steel sleeves; the outer side of the steel sleeves is welded with reinforcing bars or shear rings.

[0009] Furthermore, the layer structure is either two-layered or three-layered.

[0010] Furthermore, the building material is either mortar or concrete.

[0011] Furthermore, the gap between the steel sleeve and the foundation pile is 60~80mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the foundation pile and the steel sleeve are connected by building materials, and pile core concrete is set inside the pile; the distance from the top of the pile to the bottom surface of the layered structure is 1 to 2 times the pile diameter.

[0013] Furthermore, anti-corrosion measures should be taken for the exposed parts on the outer side of the pre-embedded steel sleeve.

[0014] Furthermore, if the pile driving deviation is large, the position of the pre-embedded steel sleeve can be adjusted, or the diameter of the steel sleeve can be increased.

[0015] This application also provides a construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure, including the following steps: Step S1: Construction preparation; Step S2: Prefabrication of foundation piles and slab modules; Step S3: Foundation pile construction; Step S4: Construct riprap for bottom protection; Step S5: Lifting the layer slab module, placing the steel sleeve pre-embedded in the layer slab module onto the already constructed foundation piles; Step S6: The steel sleeves embedded in the slab modules are connected to the foundation piles by grouting building materials to form a single set of prefabricated wave-damping structures; Step S7: Pour the core concrete into the pile to the top of the uppermost layer of the slab structure.

[0016] Step S1 includes: Step S11: Complete the cross-sectional and reinforcement calculations for the structure; Step S12: Determine the specifications of the foundation piles and steel sleeves based on calculations and actual conditions.

[0017] Step S2 includes: Step S21: The bottom layer of the prefabricated slab structure has a steel sleeve embedded in it; Step S22: The upper layer of the prefabricated layer structure is connected to the steel sleeve, so that the steel sleeve is pre-embedded in it.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, the advantages and effects of this application are as follows: 1. The present invention provides a prefabricated layered slab-pile wave-damping structure, which arranges conventional closely spaced piles in a staggered manner into front and rear rows of winged piles, and connects them to the piles through prefabricated layered slab modules to form a portal frame structure. The front and rear rows of piles facilitate pile driving construction, resulting in better overall structural stress conditions. The winged plates on both sides of the piles can further reduce wave action, and the winged plates in the soil can increase the soil stress area, improving the horizontal bearing capacity of the piles. The layered slab structure avoids the superposition of reflected waves and incident waves to form standing waves, thus dispersing the stress. The bending resistance of the portal frame structure is much greater than that of independent closely spaced piles, and due to the staggered arrangement of the front and rear rows of piles, standing waves will not form on the wave-facing side of the portal frame structure, and the energy of the waves will be attenuated after passing through the staggered piles.

[0019] 2. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-dissipating structure provided by this invention is borne by multiple slabs and pile foundations, rather than concentrated at a certain elevation. The structure is more uniformly stressed, significantly reducing the impact load on the structure. While attenuating wave energy, there is no obvious stress concentration area. The prefabricated pile foundation wave-dissipating structure, which combines slab structure and staggered pile foundations, can effectively dissipate waves without affecting the exchange of water inside and outside the port area. It has advantages in diluting pollutants and maintaining ecological balance.

[0020] 3. The present invention provides a construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure, which reduces wave force by utilizing the permeability of the slab, and allows large waves to pass over the top surface of the slab during typhoons, thus optimizing the survival conditions of the structure; at the same time, the prefabricated construction makes the overall process simpler, significantly shortens the construction period, and is in line with the concept of green and environmentally friendly engineering.

[0021] The above description is only an overview of the technical solution of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of this application and implement it in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of this application more obvious and understandable, the preferred embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] The above and other objects, advantages and features of this application will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. In all drawings, similar elements or parts are generally identified by similar reference numerals. In the drawings, the elements or parts are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0024] in: Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structural section I-I of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the construction method of this application.

[0025] Attached reference numerals: 1-Foundation pile; 2-Layer slab module; 3-Wing plate; 4-Building material; 5-Pile core concrete; 6-Rockfill bottom protection; 11-Front row of foundation piles; 12-Rear row of foundation piles; 21-Layer slab structure; 22-Steel sleeve; A represents the design high water level; B represents the design low water level; C represents the seabed mud surface. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. In the following description, specific details such as specific configurations and components are provided merely to help fully understand the embodiments of this application. Therefore, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein without departing from the scope and spirit of this application. In addition, for clarity and brevity, descriptions of known functions and structures are omitted in the embodiments.

[0027] It should be understood that the phrase "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" throughout the specification means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic related to the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of this application. Therefore, "an embodiment" or "this embodiment" appearing throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. Furthermore, these specific features, structures, or characteristics can be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0028] Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples within this application. Such repetition is for the purpose of simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or settings discussed.

[0029] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, and A and B exist simultaneously. The term " / and" describes another type of relationship between related objects, indicating that two relationships can exist. For example, A / and B can mean: A exists alone, and A and B exist alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the related objects before and after it have an "or" relationship.

[0030] In this article, the term "at least one" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, "at least one of A and B" can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone.

[0031] It should also be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0032] Example 1 This embodiment describes a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure. Please refer to the appendix. Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 .

[0033] The structure includes: foundation piles 1, layered slab modules 2, wing plates 3, building materials 4, pile core concrete 5, and riprap bottom protection 6; The foundation pile 1 includes a front row of foundation piles 11 and a rear row of foundation piles 12 arranged in a staggered manner; The layer module 2 includes a layer structure 21 and a steel sleeve 22; The layered module 2 is placed on top of the foundation pile 1 and connected by building materials 4 to form a spatial portal frame structure.

[0034] Both sides of the foundation pile 1 are provided with wing plates 3, which are U-shaped steel plates and welded to the foundation pile 1 to form a closed structure.

[0035] The layer module 2 is a precast concrete structure. During prefabrication, each layer is connected into a whole by pre-embedded steel sleeves 22. Steel bars or shear rings are welded to the outside of the steel sleeves 22.

[0036] The layer structure 21 is either two-layered or three-layered.

[0037] The building material 4 is either mortar or concrete.

[0038] The gap between the steel sleeve 22 and the foundation pile 1 is 60~80mm to meet the needs of grouting or in-situ concrete vibration.

[0039] The foundation pile 1 and the steel sleeve 22 are connected by building material 4, and a core concrete 5 is set inside the pile; the distance from the top of the pile to the bottom surface of the layer structure 21 is 1 to 2 times the pile diameter.

[0040] Preferably, the layer structure 21 is generally two layers, located near the A-design high water level and B-design low water level. If the water level difference is large, three layers can also be used.

[0041] Preferably, the number of layers, spacing, and width of the layer module 2 are calculated and determined based on water depth and wave factors, and verified through physical model tests.

[0042] Preferably, if the pile 1 is significantly misaligned during driving, the position of the pre-embedded steel sleeve 22 can be adjusted, or the diameter of the steel sleeve 22 can be increased.

[0043] Preferably, the bonding force between the steel sleeve 22 and the layer module 2 is increased by welding reinforcing bars or shear rings to the outside of the steel sleeve 22.

[0044] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: The prefabricated layered slab-pile wave-damping structure provided in this embodiment arranges conventional closely spaced piles in a staggered manner into front and rear rows of piles with wing plates. The prefabricated layered slab modules are connected to the piles to form a portal frame structure, resulting in better overall structural stress conditions. The wing plates on both sides of the piles can further reduce wave action, while the wing plates in the soil can increase the soil stress area and improve the horizontal bearing capacity of the piles. The layered slab structure avoids the superposition of reflected waves and incident waves to form standing waves, thus dispersing the stress. The bending resistance of the portal frame structure is much greater than that of independent closely spaced piles, and due to the staggered arrangement of the front and rear rows of piles, standing waves will not form on the wave-facing side of the portal frame structure, and the energy of the waves will be attenuated after passing through the staggered piles. It can meet the high requirements for berthing stability conditions for passenger terminals and workboat terminals that mainly handle passenger boarding and alighting.

[0045] Example 2 Based on Example 1, this example introduces a construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure. Please refer to the flowchart of the construction method. Figure 3 .

[0046] The method includes the following steps: Step S1: Construction preparation; Step S2: Prefabrication of foundation pile 1 and layer slab module 2; Step S3: Construction of foundation pile 1; Step S4: Construct riprap for bottom protection 6; Step S5: Lifting of the layer module 2, placing the steel sleeve 22 pre-embedded in the layer module 2 onto the already constructed foundation pile 1; Step S6: The steel sleeve 22 embedded in the layer module 2 is connected to the foundation pile 1 by pouring building materials 4 to form a single-unit prefabricated wave-damping structure; Step S7: Pour the core concrete 5 into the pile 1 to the top of the uppermost layer of the slab structure 21.

[0047] Preferably, the core concrete 5 should be reinforced.

[0048] Preferably, the pile foundation 1 extends deep into the mud surface of C-seabed, with the pile tip entering a good bearing layer, which increases the ultimate bearing capacity of the pile foundation 1 while effectively controlling settlement.

[0049] The technical effects achieved in this embodiment are as follows: The construction method of the prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure provided in this embodiment reduces wave force by utilizing the permeability of the slab, and allows large waves to pass over during typhoons on the top surface of the slab, thus optimizing the survival conditions of the structure; at the same time, the prefabricated construction makes the overall process simpler, greatly shortens the construction period, and is in line with the concept of green and environmentally friendly engineering.

[0050] Example 3 Based on the above embodiments 1 and 2, this embodiment further introduces a construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure.

[0051] Step S1 of this construction method: Construction preparation, including: Step S11: Complete the cross-sectional and reinforcement calculations for the structure; Step S12: Based on calculations and actual conditions, determine the specifications and procurement of foundation pile 1 and steel sleeve 22.

[0052] Step S2: Prefabrication of foundation pile 1 and layer slab module 2, including: Step S21: The bottom layer of the prefabricated layer structure 21 has a steel sleeve 22 embedded in it; Step S22: The upper layer of the prefabricated layer structure 21 is connected to the steel sleeve 22, so that the steel sleeve 22 is embedded therein.

[0053] Preferably, step S11 calculates the structural cross-section based on geological conditions, hydrological conditions, and water depth conditions. The calculation includes the number of slab layers, spacing, dimensions, pile diameter, pile spacing, pile penetration depth, and pile internal forces.

[0054] Preferably, the calculations need to be verified and optimized through wave model experiments.

[0055] Preferably, step S12 selects the type of foundation pile based on safety and economy, and determines the pile diameter and number of layers based on the calculated structure and geological conditions.

[0056] Preferably, the foundation pile 1 can be a steel pipe pile.

[0057] Preferably, anti-corrosion measures should be taken for the exposed parts on the outer side of the pre-embedded steel sleeve 22.

[0058] Preferably, the structure of this application can be used independently as a wave-blocking structure to form a harbor basin behind the structure; or it can be arranged independently below the wharf to provide a suitable harbor basin for the rear edge of the wharf and provide a safe berthing environment for ships.

[0059] The technical effect achieved by this embodiment is as follows: Based on the above embodiments, this embodiment further illustrates a construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure. From the perspectives of safety, economy and practicality, the structure is designed to make the structure safer and more reliable.

[0060] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any equivalent substitutions, parameter adjustments, or reasonable changes to the functional implementation methods made by those skilled in the art under the guidance of the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure, characterized in that, include: Foundation piles (1), layered slab modules (2), wing plates (3), building materials (4), pile core concrete (5), and riprap bottom protection (6); The foundation piles (1) include a front row of foundation piles (11) and a rear row of foundation piles (12) arranged in a staggered manner. The layer module (2) includes a layer structure (21) and a steel sleeve (22); The layered module (2) is placed on the top of the foundation pile (1) and connected to form a spatial portal frame structure by building materials (4).

2. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both sides of the foundation pile (1) are provided with wing plates (3), which are U-shaped steel plates welded to the foundation pile (1) to form a closed structure.

3. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The layer module (2) is a precast concrete structure. During prefabrication, each layer is connected into a whole by a pre-embedded steel sleeve (22). The outer side of the steel sleeve (22) is welded with steel bars or shear rings.

4. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The layered structure (21) is either two-layered or three-layered.

5. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The building material (4) is either mortar or concrete.

6. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, The gap between the steel sleeve (22) and the foundation pile (1) is 60~80mm.

7. The prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, The foundation pile (1) and the steel sleeve (22) are connected by building materials (4), and a core concrete (5) is set inside the pile; the distance from the top of the pile to the bottom surface of the layered structure (21) of the core concrete (5) is 1 to 2 times the pile diameter.

8. A construction method for a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Construction preparation; Step S2: Prefabrication of foundation piles (1) and slab modules (2); Step S3: Construction of foundation piles (1); Step S4: Construction of riprap bottom protection (6); Step S5: The layer module (2) is hoisted and the steel sleeve (22) pre-embedded in the layer module (2) is placed on the already constructed foundation pile (1); Step S6: The steel sleeve (22) embedded in the layer module (2) is connected to the foundation pile (1) by grouting building materials (4) to form a single-unit prefabricated wave-damping structure; Step S7: Pour the core concrete (5) into the foundation pile (1) up to the top of the uppermost layer of the slab structure (21).

9. The construction method of a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: Step S11: Complete the cross-sectional and reinforcement calculations for the structure; Step S12: Determine the specifications of the foundation pile (1) and steel sleeve (22) based on calculations and actual conditions.

10. The construction method of a prefabricated slab-pile wave-damping structure according to claim 9, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: Step S21: The bottom layer of the prefabricated layer structure (21) has a steel sleeve (22) embedded in it; Step S22: The upper layer of the prefabricated layer structure (21) is connected to the steel sleeve (22), so that the steel sleeve (22) is embedded therein.

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