Injector and engine

Abstract

The invention discloses an injector and an engine, and relates to the technical field of engines, the injector comprises an injector body, the injector body is provided with a gas channel, a plurality of liquid nozzles and a plurality of cooling spray holes, the gas channel penetrates through the injector body in the axis direction of the injector body, the liquid nozzles and the cooling spray holes are arranged at intervals, the liquid nozzles communicate with the gas channel, and the cooling spray holes are communicated with the gas channel; the cooling spray holes are communicated with the combustion chamber and extend towards the inner wall of the combustion chamber; and the fuel outer ring is arranged on the outer side of the injector body in a sleeving mode, a fuel channel is formed in the fuel outer ring and communicates with the liquid nozzle and the cooling spray hole, and fuel in the fuel channel is sprayed into the combustion chamber through the cooling spray hole and then sprayed into the gas channel through the liquid nozzle. Compared with the prior art, fuel is sprayed to the inner wall of the combustion chamber through the cooling spray holes to form a cooling liquid film, reliable cooling is achieved, then the fuel is sprayed into the gas channel through the liquid spray nozzle to be smashed into small liquid drops, and the good fuel atomization effect is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of engine technology, and more particularly to an injector and an engine. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, conventional propellants used in my country's liquid rocket engines have a high degree of toxicity. From a long-term development perspective, achieving non-toxic propulsion systems and improving their maintainability, operability, and safety has become an important trend. Hydrogen peroxide / kerosene propellant combinations have advantages such as being non-toxic, pollution-free, storable at room temperature, and having high density and specific impulse, making them one of the main development directions for future liquid rocket engines.

[0003] The atomization and mixing of propellant components are mainly accomplished by the injector. The working process of the injector largely determines the degree of complete combustion of the propellant, which in turn affects the engine performance. Therefore, the injector is an important component of a liquid rocket engine.

[0004] Hydrogen peroxide / kerosene engines typically employ a catalytic decomposition scheme. High-concentration hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed into oxygen-rich, high-temperature gases (water vapor and oxygen) at the nozzle. Fuel is then injected into the high-temperature, oxygen-rich gas mixture via an injector, where it ignites and burns in the combustion chamber. However, the hydrogen peroxide / kerosene dual-propellant engine has a high mixing ratio (theoretical hydrogen peroxide / kerosene mixing ratio 7.98), and is generally designed to be around 7. The significant disparity between the gaseous and liquid propellant ratios places higher demands on the injector design. On one hand, while a large amount of high-temperature gaseous propellant can help heat and atomize the liquid fuel, enabling it to achieve auto-ignition in the high-temperature, oxygen-rich medium, numerous parameters such as gas pressure build-up, mixing ratio, and gas flow rate all affect auto-ignition. Effective ignition and the stability and maintenance of the flame become crucial for injector design. On the other hand, achieving complete mixing of a relatively small amount of liquid fuel with the oxidizer gas is quite difficult. The design must ensure good mixing of a large amount of gaseous propellant with a small amount of liquid fuel to guarantee performance, while also requiring reliable cooling of the combustion chamber walls. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an injector and an engine. The injector provided by this invention is used to ensure good mixing of oxidant and fuel while also reliably cooling the combustion chamber wall.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an injector, comprising: The injector body has an air passage, a liquid nozzle and a cooling nozzle. The air passage runs through the injector body along the axial direction. Multiple liquid nozzles and cooling nozzles are spaced apart. The liquid nozzles are connected to the air passage, and the cooling nozzles are connected to the combustion chamber and extend towards the inner wall of the combustion chamber. A fuel outer ring is sleeved on the outside of the injector body. The fuel outer ring has a fuel channel, which is connected to the liquid nozzle and the cooling nozzle respectively. The fuel in the fuel channel is first injected into the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle, and then injected into the gas channel through the liquid nozzle.

[0007] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the injector further includes a liquid collection chamber formed between the inner cavity of the fuel outer ring and the outer wall of the injector body. The liquid collection chamber includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are connected to each other. The first chamber extends in the radial direction of the injector body, and the second chamber extends in the axial direction of the injector body. The fuel passage and the cooling nozzle are respectively connected to the first chamber. The liquid nozzle is connected to the second chamber, and the liquid nozzle is located at the end of the second chamber away from the first chamber.

[0008] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the outer ring of the fuel is further provided with a pressure measuring channel and a pressure measuring nozzle. The pressure measuring channel extends in the radial direction of the injector body, and the pressure measuring nozzle is connected to the second chamber through the pressure measuring channel.

[0009] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the fuel outer ring is an integrally formed structure.

[0010] Optionally, in the above-described injector, the angle between the axis of the liquid nozzle and the axis of the gas passage ranges from 60° to 90°.

[0011] Optionally, in the above-described injector, the injector further includes a fuel connector connected to the fuel outer ring to inject fuel into the fuel passage through the fuel connector.

[0012] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the injector further includes a docking flange, and both ends of the injector body are provided with the docking flange, and the docking flange has a plurality of spaced connection holes.

[0013] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the injector body is further provided with an oxidant connection channel and a combustion chamber connection channel. The oxidant connection channel and the combustion chamber connection channel are respectively connected to the two ends of the gas channel. The gas channel is connected to the catalytic chamber through the oxidant connection channel and to the combustion chamber through the combustion chamber. Along the direction from the catalytic chamber to the gas channel, the diameter of the oxidant connection channel gradually decreases, and the diameter of the combustion chamber connection channel is larger than the diameter of the gas channel.

[0014] Optionally, in the above-mentioned injector, the number of liquid nozzles is 6 to 30, and the diameter of the liquid nozzles ranges from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm; and / or; The number of cooling nozzles is 6 to 30, and the diameter of the cooling nozzles ranges from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

[0015] In the injector provided by this invention, after fuel is delivered into the fuel channel in the outer fuel ring, the fuel in the fuel channel is first sprayed through cooling nozzles onto the inner wall of the combustion chamber to cool the inner wall. Then, the fuel is injected into the gas channel through a liquid nozzle to mix with the oxidant and ignite spontaneously. Compared with the prior art, in the injector provided by this invention, the fuel is first sprayed onto the inner wall of the combustion chamber through cooling nozzles. The fuel acts as a coolant, impacting the wall to form a coolant film, ensuring a better heat load on the chamber wall and achieving reliable cooling. Then, the fuel is injected into the gas channel through a liquid nozzle. The high-speed flowing oxidant in the gas channel collides with the fuel, breaking the fuel jet into small droplets. Under the conditions of airflow velocity and gas-liquid momentum ratio, a better fuel atomization effect can be obtained. Furthermore, after passing through the gas channel, the pressure drop in the gas path can generate damping, thereby further promoting stable combustion.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides an engine, including a catalytic decomposition chamber, an injector, and a combustion chamber, wherein the catalytic decomposition chamber injects decomposed high-temperature steam and oxygen into the combustion chamber through the injector, and the injector is an injector as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0017] The engine provided by the present invention, having the aforementioned injector, possesses all the technical effects of the aforementioned injector, which will not be elaborated upon here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and form part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and are used to explain the invention, but do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the injector disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the docking flange disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fuel outer ring disclosed in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label: 100 is the injector body, 110 is the gas passage, 120 is the liquid nozzle, 130 is the cooling nozzle, 140 is the docking flange, 141 is the connection hole, 150 is the oxidizer connection passage, and 160 is the combustion chamber connection passage. 200 is the outer fuel ring, 210 is the fuel channel, 220 is the liquid collection chamber, 221 is the first chamber, 222 is the second chamber, 230 is the pressure measuring channel, and 240 is the pressure measuring nozzle; 300 is the fuel connector. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the technical problems, solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly on that other component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to that other component.

[0022] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. "Several" means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses an injector, including an injector body 100 and a fuel outer ring 200. The injector body 100 has an air passage 110, a liquid nozzle 120, and a cooling nozzle 130. The air passage 110 extends along the axial direction of the injector body 100 and passes through both ends of the injector body 100. The oxidant, which is mixed with fuel for combustion, enters the air passage 110 through an opening at one end. Multiple liquid nozzles 120 and cooling nozzles 130 are provided and evenly distributed on the injector body 100. The liquid nozzles 120 communicate with the air passage 110, and the cooling nozzles 130 extend towards the inner wall of the combustion chamber and communicate with the combustion chamber. The fuel outer ring 200 is sleeved on the outside of the injector body 100. The fuel outer ring 200 has a fuel channel 210. The liquid nozzle 120 and the cooling nozzle 130 on the injector body 100 are both connected to the fuel channel 210. After the fuel is injected into the fuel channel 210, the fuel in the fuel channel 210 is first sprayed into the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle 130 to impact the inner wall of the combustion chamber and continuously cool the inner wall of the combustion chamber. Then the fuel is sprayed into the gas channel 110 through the liquid nozzle 120 to mix with the oxidant. Therefore, in the injector provided in this embodiment, the fuel is first sprayed onto the inner wall of the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle 130. The fuel acts as a coolant, impacting the wall to form a coolant film, ensuring a better heat load on the chamber wall and achieving reliable cooling. The liquid film cooling flow rate is selected as 25% after heat transfer simulation calculation and thermal test verification. Then, the fuel is injected into the gas channel 110 through the liquid nozzle 120. The high-speed flowing oxidant in the gas channel 110 collides with the fuel, breaking the fuel jet into small droplets. Under the conditions of airflow velocity and gas-liquid momentum ratio, a better fuel atomization effect can be obtained. Furthermore, after passing through the gas channel, the pressure drop in the gas path can generate damping, thereby further promoting stable combustion. The injector provided in this embodiment also overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art injectors, such as ablation and poor throat cooling, poor fuel spatial distribution in annular injectors, and low performance.

[0026] In a specific embodiment, a fuel outer ring 200 is sleeved on the outside of the injector body 100. The cavity opened in the fuel outer ring 200 and the outer wall of the injector body 100 form a liquid collection chamber 220. The liquid collection chamber 220 includes a first chamber 221 and a second chamber 222. The first chamber 221 and the second chamber 222 are interconnected. The fuel passage 210 is connected to the first chamber 221. The first chamber 221 extends along the radial direction of the injector body 100, that is, the first chamber 221 is horizontally arranged. The cooling nozzle 130 is connected to the bottom of the first chamber 221, so that the first chamber 221 is connected to the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle 130. The second chamber 222 extends along the axial direction of the injector body 100, that is, the second chamber 222 is arranged vertically, and the liquid nozzle 120 is connected to the second chamber 222. The liquid nozzle 120 is located at the end of the second chamber 222 away from the first chamber 221, so that the second chamber 222 is connected to the gas passage 110 through the liquid nozzle 120. Therefore, when fuel is injected into the outer fuel ring 200 through the fuel channel 210, the fuel first fills the first chamber 221. The first chamber 221 is connected to the cooling nozzle 130, so the fuel in the first chamber 221 is injected into the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle 130. As fuel continues to be injected into the first chamber 221, the excess fuel flows to the second chamber 222. As fuel continues to increase in the second chamber 222, it reaches the liquid nozzle 120 on the second chamber 222. The fuel is then injected into the gas channel 110 through the liquid nozzle 120. This achieves the effect that the delivered fuel is first injected into the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle 130, and then injected into the gas channel 110 through the liquid nozzle 120. At the same time, the first chamber 221 and the second chamber 222 also have the effect of increasing the pressure of the fuel. By increasing the pressure, the injection capacity of the cooling nozzle 130 and the liquid nozzle 120 is improved, and the fuel flow rate is increased.

[0027] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the fuel outer ring 200 is also provided with a pressure measuring channel 230 and a pressure measuring nozzle 240. The pressure measuring channel 230 extends radially along the injector body 100 and is connected to the second chamber 222 of the liquid collecting chamber 220. The position of the connection between the pressure measuring channel 230 and the second chamber 222 is higher than that of the liquid nozzle 120 to ensure that the fuel in the second chamber 222 is preferentially injected into the gas channel 110 through the liquid nozzle 120. The pressure measuring nozzle 240 is located at the pressure measuring channel 230. The pressure testing nozzle 240 is located at the end of the channel 230 away from the injector body 100. It is connected to the liquid collection chamber 220 through the pressure testing channel 230. The pressure testing nozzle 240 can detect the hydraulic pressure of the fuel in the liquid collection chamber 220 in real time, ensuring a stable fuel supply. In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter of the pressure testing nozzle 240 is set to a range of 2mm to 6mm, specifically 2mm, 3mm, 5mm or 6mm, so that the pressure testing nozzle 240 can have good stability in detecting hydraulic pressure.

[0028] In one specific embodiment, the fuel outer ring 200 is directly printed using additive manufacturing technology, making the fuel outer ring 200 a one-piece structure. This not only improves the structural strength and sealing performance of the fuel outer ring 200 and reduces the risk of fuel leakage, but also facilitates manufacturing and installation, and improves processing efficiency.

[0029] In another specific embodiment, the angle between the axis of the liquid nozzle 120 on the injector body 100 and the axis of the gas passage 110 is in the range of 60°–90°, specifically 60°, 70°, 85° or 90°. This allows the fuel injected through the liquid nozzle 120 to have a better collision angle with the oxidant entering the gas passage 110, increasing the high-speed gas flow to break the fuel jet into a larger number of small droplets, further improving the atomization degree, and thus making the fuel and oxidant mix more fully and evenly, improving combustion efficiency and stability.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the injector also includes a fuel connector 300, which is mounted and fixed on the fuel outer ring 200. The fuel connector 300 is connected to the fuel channel 210 and is connected to a fuel supply device, through which fuel is injected into the fuel channel 210. In a specific embodiment, the inner diameter of the fuel connector 300 ranges from 4mm to 12mm, and can be specifically set to 4mm, 5mm, 10mm, or 12mm to ensure the delivery volume of the fuel connector 300.

[0031] like Figure 2As shown, both the upper and lower ends of the injector body 100 are provided with mating flanges 140. The mating flanges 140 have multiple connecting holes 141, which are evenly distributed around the center of the air passage 110. The mating flanges 140 and connecting holes 141 allow for detachable installation and fixation with adjacent parts. This detachable installation structure facilitates the disassembly and maintenance of the injector body 100. In a specific embodiment, the diameter of the mating flange 140 is 4mm to 16mm, specifically 4mm, 5mm, 13mm, or 16mm. The number of connecting holes 141 on the mating flange 140 ranges from 6 to 14, specifically 6, 8, 11, or 14, ensuring a secure connection of the injector body 100.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, the injector body 100 is also provided with an oxidant connection channel 150 and a combustion chamber connection channel 160. The oxidant connection channel 150 and the combustion chamber connection channel 160 are respectively connected to the two ends of the gas channel 110. The catalytic chamber is connected to the gas channel 110 through the oxidant connection channel 150, so that the oxidant generated in the catalytic chamber enters the gas channel 110. Along the direction from the catalytic chamber to the injector body 100, the diameter of the oxidant connection channel 150 gradually decreases until the diameter of the connection between the oxidant connection channel 150 and the gas channel 110 is equal to that of the gas channel 110, presenting an inverted cone structure. The gradually shrinking structure of the oxidant connection channel 150 enhances the flow rate of the oxidant flowing into the gas channel 110, improves the collision and crushing effect of the oxidant and fuel in the gas channel 110, and further makes the oxidant and fuel mix more evenly. The gas passage 110 is connected to the combustion chamber through the combustion chamber connecting passage 160, and the diameter of the combustion chamber connecting passage 160 is larger than the diameter of the gas passage 110. This steep-walled step design structure can form a recirculation zone at low speeds to promote mixing and combustion and improve flame stability.

[0033] In another specific embodiment, the injector body 100 has 6 to 30 liquid nozzles 120, specifically 6, 10, 25, or 30. The diameter of the liquid nozzles 120 ranges from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm, specifically 0.3 mm, 0.7 mm, 1 mm, or 1.5 mm. Similarly, the number of cooling nozzles 130 also ranges from 6 to 30, specifically 6, 15, 20, or 30. The diameter of the cooling nozzles 130 ranges from 0.3 mm to 1 mm, specifically 0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm, or 1 mm. Setting appropriate numbers and diameters for the liquid nozzles 120 and cooling nozzles 130 can optimize fuel injection and improve mixing and cooling efficiency. Furthermore, the smaller diameter of the cooling nozzles 130 compared to the liquid nozzles 120 ensures a better cooling flow rate ratio.

[0034] This invention also discloses an engine, including a catalytic converter chamber, an injector, and a combustion chamber. High-temperature steam and oxygen generated from the catalytic converter chamber are delivered to the injector, where they are uniformly mixed and spontaneously combusted in the gas passage 110 before entering the combustion chamber for combustion. Since this engine possesses the aforementioned injector, it combines all the technical effects of the injector described above, which will not be elaborated upon further here.

[0035] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0036] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An injection device, characterized in that, include: The injector body has an air passage, a liquid nozzle and a cooling nozzle. The air passage runs through the injector body along the axial direction. Multiple liquid nozzles and cooling nozzles are spaced apart. The liquid nozzles are connected to the air passage, and the cooling nozzles are connected to the combustion chamber and extend towards the inner wall of the combustion chamber. A fuel outer ring is sleeved on the outside of the injector body. The fuel outer ring has a fuel channel, which is connected to the liquid nozzle and the cooling nozzle respectively. The fuel in the fuel channel is first injected into the combustion chamber through the cooling nozzle, and then injected into the gas channel through the liquid nozzle.

2. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector further includes a liquid collection chamber formed between the inner cavity of the fuel outer ring and the outer wall of the injector body. The liquid collection chamber includes a first chamber and a second chamber that are connected to each other. The first chamber extends in the radial direction of the injector body, and the second chamber extends in the axial direction of the injector body. The fuel passage and the cooling nozzle are respectively connected to the first chamber. The liquid nozzle is connected to the second chamber and is located at the end of the second chamber away from the first chamber.

3. The injector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer ring of the fuel is also provided with a pressure measuring channel and a pressure measuring nozzle. The pressure measuring channel extends in the radial direction of the injector body, and the pressure measuring nozzle is connected to the second chamber through the pressure measuring channel.

4. The injector according to claim 3, characterized in that, The fuel outer ring is a one-piece molded structure.

5. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the axis of the liquid nozzle and the axis of the gas passage is in the range of 60°–90°.

6. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector also includes a fuel connector connected to the fuel outer ring to inject fuel into the fuel passage.

7. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector also includes a docking flange, and both ends of the injector body are provided with the docking flange, and the docking flange has a plurality of spaced connection holes.

8. The injector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The injector body also has an oxidant connection channel and a combustion chamber connection channel, which are respectively connected to the two ends of the gas channel. The gas channel is connected to the catalytic chamber through the oxidant connection channel and to the combustion chamber through the combustion chamber. Along the direction from the catalytic chamber to the gas channel, the diameter of the oxidant connection channel gradually decreases, and the diameter of the combustion chamber connection channel is larger than the diameter of the gas channel.

9. The injector according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, The number of liquid nozzles is 6 to 30, and the diameter of the liquid nozzles ranges from 0.3 mm to 1.5 mm; and / or, The number of cooling nozzles is 6 to 30, and the diameter of the cooling nozzles ranges from 0.3 mm to 1 mm.

10. An engine, characterized in that, It includes a catalytic decomposition chamber, an injector, and a combustion chamber, wherein the catalytic decomposition chamber injects the decomposed high-temperature steam and oxygen into the combustion chamber through the injector, and the injector is the injector as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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