Distributed power supply access system

Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed power supply access system. The main control unit is used for coordinating the operation of each unit as a whole; the communication unit is configured with a communication protocol adaptive matching mechanism and is used for establishing a communication link with the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and realizing protocol conversion and data interaction; the acquisition unit cooperates with the main control unit to realize intelligent evaluation and linkage regulation and control functions of electric energy quality, and is used for acquiring operation data and electric energy quality parameters and supporting monitoring and regulation and control requirements; the back-up power supply unit adopts a double-energy-storage cooperative power supply structure and is used for guaranteeing key functions of the system and monitoring continuity of data storage and clock operation when a main power supply is interrupted; and the storage unit is used for storing collected data, event records and frozen data related to the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment in a classified manner. By utilizing the scheme of the invention, efficient access, accurate monitoring and reliable operation of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment can be realized, and the photovoltaic power consumption capability and the power grid dispatching adaptability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application generally relates to the field of distributed power supply access technology. More specifically, this application relates to a distributed power supply access system. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the distributed photovoltaic industry, the large-scale application of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic power distribution areas is becoming increasingly widespread. As the core equipment for the operation and management of power distribution areas, the distributed power access system undertakes key responsibilities such as equipment monitoring, data interaction, and power quality assurance. Its performance directly affects the observability, measurability, adjustability, and controllability of photovoltaic projects, as well as the flexible and rigid control effect of grid dispatch on photovoltaic grid connection.

[0003] Current mainstream distributed power grid connection equipment suffers from numerous technical limitations. On one hand, communication protocols for low-voltage distributed photovoltaic inverters and circuit breakers from different manufacturers vary significantly, lacking a unified adaptive matching mechanism. This results in high equipment connection costs, poor data exchange, and difficulty in achieving centralized and unified monitoring. On the other hand, power quality monitoring only covers basic electrical parameters, lacking comprehensive indicator monitoring and intelligent control linkage capabilities. It cannot respond promptly to grid dispatch demands, and its data acquisition and storage management mechanisms are inadequate, leading to the easy loss of critical event data and hindering subsequent analysis and traceability. Furthermore, backup power supplies often employ a single energy storage structure, unable to simultaneously meet the demands of short-term high-load power supply and long-term low-power supply. Data retention and clock stability after power outages are insufficient, and on-site commissioning and maintenance rely on specialized equipment, resulting in cumbersome and inefficient operations. These problems severely restrict the operational efficiency and power supply stability of distributed photovoltaic areas, failing to meet the high-efficiency and intelligent requirements of industrial production for photovoltaic grid connection.

[0004] In view of this, there is an urgent need to provide a distributed power access system that can achieve efficient access, accurate monitoring and reliable operation of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment through technologies such as multi-unit collaborative design, adaptive matching of communication protocols, intelligent power quality control and dual energy storage backup power supply, thereby improving the photovoltaic power consumption capacity and grid dispatch adaptability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to at least address one or more of the technical problems mentioned above, this application proposes a distributed power access system.

[0006] This application provides a distributed power access system, including: a main control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition unit, a backup power unit, and a storage unit. The main control unit is electrically connected to the communication unit, the data acquisition unit, the backup power unit, and the storage unit. The main control unit is used to coordinate the operation of each unit, monitor the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, and perform data processing, command issuance, and equipment control operations. The communication unit is equipped with a communication protocol adaptive matching mechanism to establish a communication link with the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and realize protocol conversion and data interaction. The data acquisition unit works with the main control unit to realize intelligent power quality assessment and linkage control functions, and is used to collect the operating data and power quality parameters of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment to support monitoring and control needs. The backup power unit adopts a dual energy storage collaborative power supply structure and is equipped with a dual energy storage intelligent collaborative control mechanism to ensure the continuity of key system functions, monitoring data storage, and clock operation when the main power supply is interrupted. The storage unit is used to classify and store the acquired data, event records, and frozen data related to the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment.

[0007] In some embodiments, the communication unit includes a remote communication module, a local communication interface, a bus communication interface, a near-field debugging interface, an inverter-specific interface, and an extended communication interface. The remote communication module includes multiple remote communication methods for remote data transmission. The local communication interface includes uplink and downlink adaptive communication, adapted for local data interaction with low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment. The near-field debugging interface is used for data interaction during on-site debugging. The extended communication interface is used for access to various functional expansion modules.

[0008] In some embodiments, the communication unit is further configured to: automatically identify the communication parameters of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, match the standard communication protocol and industry-specific communication protocol corresponding to the target equipment; and use a remote update mechanism to expand the adaptation range of the protocol for new associated equipment, thereby achieving seamless access and data interoperability of multiple devices.

[0009] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit includes real-time acquisition and timed automatic acquisition, and the acquired operating data includes at least the power, power factor, and on / off status of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment; the power quality parameters include at least voltage, current, power factor, harmonic distortion rate, and voltage flicker.

[0010] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit is further used to acquire multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and transmit them to the main control unit. The main control unit performs a health status classification judgment based on the multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and triggers a corresponding level warning. The main control unit generates control instructions according to the warning level and the equipment operating status. It issues control instructions to the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment to realize the intelligent assessment and linkage control function of power quality.

[0011] In some embodiments, the backup power unit includes an environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage battery and an energy storage capacitor. The backup power unit is further configured to: dynamically adjust the power supply logic of the energy storage capacitor and the energy storage battery according to the main power supply status signal, including power supply priority switching and power supply duration allocation; when the main power supply is normal, the energy storage capacitor and the energy storage battery are respectively in a charging standby state; when the main power supply is interrupted, the energy storage capacitor prioritizes ensuring the terminal's short-term high-load operation and communication continuity, while the energy storage battery ensures long-term clock operation and monitoring data storage, thereby achieving dual energy storage synergy.

[0012] In some embodiments, the backup power unit is further configured with a health monitoring function for energy storage devices. By collecting state parameters such as voltage and capacity decay of the energy storage battery, it determines whether preset abnormal conditions are met, and triggers a maintenance reminder when the abnormal conditions are met.

[0013] In some embodiments, the storage unit is configured with a data hierarchical storage protection mechanism and a data compression mechanism. The data hierarchical storage protection mechanism includes dividing the stored data into critical data and regular data according to their importance. Critical event data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment adopts a long-term retention strategy, while regular data adopts a circular storage strategy.

[0014] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit is further configured to: generate freeze curve data at preset time intervals and save it for a preset duration, wherein the freeze curve data includes key monitoring data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and power quality.

[0015] In some embodiments, the main control unit is further configured to: process and analyze the collected data to generate event records, the event records including power control and power factor control related events of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic inverters, circuit breaker status change events, power quality abnormality events, and terminal equipment failure events.

[0016] Through the distributed power access system provided above, this embodiment of the application achieves seamless access, full-dimensional monitoring, intelligent control, and reliable operation of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment through the coordinated work of the main control unit, communication unit, acquisition unit, backup power unit, and storage unit. It solves problems such as poor communication compatibility, lagging power quality control, insecure data storage, and unreliable backup power supply in existing equipment, significantly improving the operating efficiency, control accuracy, and power supply stability of distributed photovoltaic areas, meeting the grid dispatching requirements for both flexible and rigid control of photovoltaic grid connection, and synergistically promoting the consumption of photovoltaic power. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily apparent upon reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and like or corresponding reference numerals denote like or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 This is an exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system 100 according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram illustrating a distributed power access system architecture according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0019] It should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" as used in the specification and claims of this application indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.

[0020] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this specification and claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.

[0021] As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [described condition or event]."

[0022] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 This is an exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system 100 according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 As shown, the distributed power access system 100 includes a main control unit 101, a communication unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, a backup power unit 104, and a storage unit 105. The main control unit 101 is electrically connected to the communication unit 102, the data acquisition unit 103, the backup power unit 104, and the storage unit 105, respectively.

[0024] Therefore, this distributed power access system integrates modular equipment with multiple units working collaboratively for equipment management and operation control in low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) distribution areas. It adapts to the access needs of various devices such as low-voltage distributed PV inverters, circuit breakers, energy storage converters, and charging piles. It supports flexible control applications in low-voltage distributed PV distribution areas, enabling observable, measurable, adjustable, and controllable PV projects, as well as flexible and rigid control of PV grid connection by the grid dispatch center, and coordinating the consumption of PV power. Each unit achieves signal transmission and command interaction through electrical connections. These electrical connections can utilize shielded cables and standardized interfaces to ensure data transmission stability and anti-interference capabilities, avoiding the impact of external electromagnetic environments on system operation.

[0025] The main control unit coordinates the operation of all units, monitors the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) equipment, and performs data processing, command issuance, and equipment control operations. As the core control component of the system, the main control unit coordinates the work of all units. In the implementation scenario, the main control unit's hardware configuration must meet preset performance requirements, such as a CPU clock speed of at least 150MHz and memory of at least 256KB, to ensure data processing speed and command execution efficiency, ensuring real-time monitoring and rapid response of the low-voltage distributed PV equipment. The main control unit receives external commands transmitted by the communication unit and equipment operation data acquired by the acquisition unit. After performing logical operations and data processing, it issues control commands to relevant equipment, simultaneously controlling the storage unit for data storage and the backup power unit for power supply mode switching, thus achieving the orderly operation of the entire system.

[0026] The aforementioned communication unit is equipped with a communication protocol adaptive matching mechanism to establish a communication link with low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, enabling protocol conversion and data exchange. The communication unit serves as a communication bridge between the system and external devices and the master station. Its configured communication protocol adaptive matching mechanism can resolve compatibility issues between different devices, automatically adapting to the communication requirements of devices from different manufacturers, and completing protocol matching and data exchange without manual intervention.

[0027] The data acquisition unit works in tandem with the main control unit to achieve intelligent power quality assessment and coordinated control functions. It collects operational data and power quality parameters from low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) equipment to support monitoring and control needs. Specifically, the data acquisition unit is responsible for collecting various types of data, providing fundamental data support for system monitoring and control. Its intelligent power quality assessment and coordinated control functions, implemented in collaboration with the main control unit, are the core of improving the power quality of grid-connected PV systems, enabling real-time monitoring of power quality anomalies and rapid response and control.

[0028] The aforementioned backup power unit adopts a dual-energy storage collaborative power supply structure and is equipped with a dual-energy storage intelligent collaborative control mechanism to ensure the continuity of critical system functions, monitoring data storage, and clock operation when the main power supply is interrupted. It can quickly assume power to ensure short-term high-load operation when the main power supply is interrupted, and can also maintain clock and data storage functions for extended periods, solving the problem of insufficient power supply reliability in traditional single-energy storage structures.

[0029] The aforementioned storage units are used to classify and store acquired data, event logs, and frozen data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment. Through a scientific storage management mechanism, the integrity and traceability of the data are ensured, providing a basis for subsequent operational analysis and troubleshooting.

[0030] Based on the aforementioned distributed power access system, after the system is powered on, the main control unit completes the initialization of each unit, the communication unit establishes communication links with the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, the main station, the concentrator acquisition terminal, and the photovoltaic intelligent management module, the acquisition unit starts the data acquisition task, and the backup power unit enters the charging standby state. Next, the acquisition unit continuously collects equipment operating data and power quality parameters, transmits them to the main control unit for processing and analysis, and the main control unit generates event records based on the analysis results, reports them to the main station through the communication unit, and issues control commands when necessary. The storage unit synchronously categorizes and stores various types of data, and the backup power unit monitors the main power status in real time, automatically switching the power supply mode when the main power is interrupted to ensure the continuous operation of critical system functions.

[0031] As can be seen from the foregoing, the embodiments of this application, through the coordinated work of the main control unit, communication unit, acquisition unit, backup power supply unit, and storage unit, realize seamless access, full-dimensional monitoring, intelligent control, and reliable operation of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment. This solves the problems of poor communication compatibility, lagging power quality control, insecure data storage, and unreliable backup power supply in existing equipment, significantly improving the operating efficiency, control accuracy, and power supply stability of distributed photovoltaic areas. It also meets the grid dispatching requirements for both flexible and rigid control of photovoltaic grid connection, and synergistically promotes the consumption of photovoltaic power.

[0032] In some embodiments, the communication unit includes a remote communication module, a local communication interface, a bus communication interface, a proximity debugging interface, an inverter-specific interface, and an extended communication interface, for example... Figure 2 As shown.

[0033] Figure 2 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the distributed power access system 100 includes a main control unit 101, a communication unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, a backup power unit 104, and a storage unit 105. The communication unit includes a remote communication module 102-1, a local communication interface 102-2, a bus communication interface 102-3, a short-range debugging interface 102-4, an inverter-specific interface 102-5, and an expansion communication interface 102-6. The communication unit adopts a modular design, with each interface working independently yet collaboratively, meeting communication needs in different scenarios and improving the system's adaptability and scalability.

[0034] In the implementation scenario, the remote communication module 102-1 includes multiple remote communication methods for remote data transmission. Specifically, the remote communication module adopts a pluggable structure design, supporting interchangeability of multiple remote communication methods such as 4G and HPLC. Users can select the appropriate communication module according to the actual application scenario, and the communication rate can be flexibly set according to requirements, ensuring stable and reliable remote data transmission with the main station, concentrator acquisition terminal, and photovoltaic intelligent management module, and realizing remote interaction for data reporting and command reception.

[0035] The local communication interface 102-2 includes uplink and downlink adaptive communication, adapting to local data interaction with low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) equipment. In the implementation scenario, the local communication interface includes at least two RS-485 interfaces. The communication rate can be flexibly adjusted within a preset range, with a maximum communication rate of 115200bps and a default communication rate of 9600bps. It uses 8 data bits and 1 stop bit. One of the RS-485 interfaces supports uplink and downlink adaptive communication, eliminating the need for manual configuration of the communication direction. It automatically adapts to local data interaction with low-voltage distributed PV inverters, circuit breakers, and other equipment, simplifying wiring and configuration processes and improving the convenience and reliability of local communication.

[0036] The bus communication interface 102-3 can be a CAN communication interface with two channels, supporting data monitoring and data acquisition functions. The transmission rate supports multiple specifications such as 10kbps, 25kbps, 50kbps, 125kbps, 250kbps, 500kbps, and 1Mbps, which can adapt to the access of devices with different bus communication requirements, realize bus data interaction between multiple devices, and improve the real-time performance and synchronization of data transmission.

[0037] The 102-4 near-field debugging interface is used for data exchange during on-site debugging. In the implementation scenario, the near-field debugging interface is a Bluetooth communication interface that meets the requirements of BLE 5.0 or above. It is mainly used for on-site debugging, maintenance, and Bluetooth test operation. Staff can connect to the Bluetooth interface via mobile terminals (such as mobile phones and tablets) to perform operations such as querying equipment operating status, configuring parameters, and diagnosing faults, without having to carry professional debugging equipment, which greatly improves the efficiency and convenience of on-site maintenance.

[0038] The inverter-dedicated interface 102-5 is a communication interface specifically adapted for photovoltaic inverters. It supports connection to different models of photovoltaic inverters via interface adapter cables, ensuring stable communication with the inverter and enabling accurate data acquisition and reliable issuance of control commands. The extended communication interface 102-6 is used for connecting various functional expansion modules. This extended communication interface can have two channels, supporting the connection of various functional expansion modules such as photovoltaic adapter modules and Ethernet communication modules. Users can expand system functions according to actual needs, such as achieving high-speed network communication through Ethernet communication modules or adapting special models of photovoltaic equipment through photovoltaic adapter modules, significantly improving the system's scalability and compatibility.

[0039] In some implementation scenarios, the communication unit can also have a 12V output interface with a voltage range of 12V±1V and an output current of not less than 200mA, which can be used to provide power to external small devices (such as debugging modules and sensors) and improve the practicality of the system; at the same time, it has a current transformer interface to support the acquisition of current data and provide basic data support for power quality monitoring.

[0040] In some embodiments, the communication unit may further be used to: automatically identify the communication parameters of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic devices, match the standard communication protocol and industry-specific communication protocol corresponding to the target device; and use a remote update mechanism to expand the adaptation range of new associated device protocols to achieve seamless access and data interoperability of multiple devices.

[0041] As mentioned earlier, the adaptive matching mechanism for communication protocols can solve the compatibility issues of communication protocols among low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) devices from different manufacturers and of different types, enabling seamless access and data interoperability among multiple devices. The implementation of this mechanism involves three stages: communication parameter identification, protocol matching, and protocol extension.

[0042] In the communication parameter identification stage, the communication unit automatically scans the communication characteristic parameters of the connected devices, including communication rate, data frame format, and verification method, through a built-in protocol identification database, without requiring manual configuration. For example, when a low-voltage distributed photovoltaic inverter is connected to the system, the communication unit will try different combinations of communication rates in sequence, send protocol detection commands, and determine its actual communication rate and data frame format based on the device's response signal, ensuring accurate matching of communication parameters. This process is completed automatically, is time-efficient and highly accurate, and significantly improves device connection efficiency.

[0043] During the protocol matching phase, the communication unit automatically matches the corresponding communication protocol based on the identified communication parameters and device type. Specifically, the communication protocol with the data acquisition terminal and circuit breaker complies with DL / T 698.45, the communication protocol with the photovoltaic inverter complies with the "Low-voltage Distributed Photovoltaic Monitoring Data Exchange Protocol," and the communication protocol with the photovoltaic intelligent management module is adapted to its dedicated communication standard, ensuring communication compatibility with mainstream equipment. During protocol matching, the communication unit automatically performs protocol handshake and data interaction verification. If the verification passes, a stable communication link is established; if the verification fails, other compatible protocols are tried until a matching protocol is found or an incompatibility message is displayed, ensuring the reliability of the communication link.

[0044] In the protocol extension phase, the communication unit supports expanding the compatibility with new associated device protocols through a remote update mechanism. The master station can send new protocol configuration files to the system via a remote communication link. Upon receiving the files, the communication unit automatically updates its built-in protocol identification database, achieving compatibility with new devices without on-site disassembly or hardware replacement. This design enables the system to adapt to technological iterations in distributed photovoltaic equipment, extending the system's lifespan and reducing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0045] Through the adaptive matching mechanism of communication protocols, the system can realize plug-and-play of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment without the need for professional technicians to perform complex protocol configurations. This significantly reduces the cost of equipment access and the difficulty of operation, while improving the system's compatibility and scalability. It meets the access needs of different types of equipment from different manufacturers and provides reliable communication support for the centralized monitoring and unified management of distributed photovoltaic areas.

[0046] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit may include real-time acquisition and timed automatic acquisition, for example... Figure 3 As shown, Figure 3 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0047] like Figure 3 As shown, the distributed power access system 100 includes a main control unit 101, a communication unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, a backup power unit 104, and a storage unit 105. The communication unit includes a remote communication module 102-1, a local communication interface 102-2, a bus communication interface 102-3, a short-range debugging interface 102-4, an inverter-specific interface 102-5, and an extended communication interface 102-6. The data acquisition unit 103 may include real-time data acquisition 103-1 and timed automatic data acquisition 103-2. In some implementation scenarios, the operating data acquired by the data acquisition unit 103 includes at least the power, power factor, and on / off status of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment; the power quality parameters include at least voltage, current, power factor, harmonic distortion rate, and voltage flicker.

[0048] The data acquisition unit supports two acquisition modes to suit different monitoring needs. In real-time acquisition mode, the unit directly acquires specified data at a high frequency, reflecting the real-time operating status of equipment and changes in power quality. This mode is suitable for real-time monitoring of key parameters, such as the real-time power of photovoltaic inverters and the on / off status of circuit breakers, ensuring that the system can promptly capture dynamic changes in the equipment.

[0049] In the timed automatic data acquisition mode, the acquisition unit automatically collects data according to the acquisition scheme set by the master station, and the acquisition interval can be flexibly configured, such as 15 minutes or 30 minutes. This mode is suitable for periodic monitoring of non-real-time parameters, such as electricity meter data and grid-connected power quality statistics. This mode can reduce the system's communication load and data storage pressure while meeting monitoring requirements, thereby improving system operating efficiency.

[0050] The data collected by the acquisition unit covers the core operating parameters of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) equipment, including the active power, reactive power, and power factor of the PV inverter, which comprehensively reflects the inverter's output status; it also includes status variables such as the on / off status of circuit breakers, enabling real-time monitoring of the circuit breaker's operating status. When a circuit breaker changes position, the acquisition unit immediately records and reports it, ensuring the system promptly grasps changes in equipment status; it also includes the core operating parameters of related equipment such as energy storage devices, charging piles, and smart circuit breakers, achieving comprehensive monitoring of multiple types of equipment in the distributed PV area.

[0051] The power quality parameters collected by the acquisition unit cover key indicators such as voltage, current, power factor, harmonic distortion rate, and voltage flicker, enabling a comprehensive assessment of grid-connected power quality. Specifically, the voltage and current parameter acquisition supports optional high-precision acquisition modules, with acquisition units featuring voltage monitoring and limit-breaking statistics functions, achieving a voltage accuracy level of 0.5. Acquisition units with harmonic data statistics functions achieve a harmonic component accuracy level of 1, ensuring the precision of the acquired data. Harmonic distortion rate includes total voltage harmonic distortion rate and total current harmonic distortion rate, reflecting the degree of harmonic pollution in power quality; voltage flicker includes short-time voltage flicker and long-time voltage flicker, reflecting the impact of voltage fluctuations on electrical equipment, providing comprehensive data support for power quality assessment and control.

[0052] In addition, the acquisition unit can also support the acquisition of AC analog quantities. It can be equipped with analog quantity acquisition functions such as voltage and current, and measure parameters such as voltage, current, power, and power factor, meeting the monitoring needs of different scenarios. The acquisition unit can acquire the circuit breaker's open / closed status as needed, recording changes in memory and generating circuit breaker switch status change events to report to the acquisition terminal. It can also acquire and store data from photovoltaic inverters, energy storage, charging piles, and smart circuit breakers as needed. After preprocessing, the data acquired by the acquisition unit is transmitted to the main control unit for further processing and analysis, and simultaneously stored in the storage unit to ensure data integrity and traceability.

[0053] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit can further be used to collect multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and transmit them to the main control unit. The main control unit performs a health status classification judgment based on the multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and triggers corresponding level warnings. The main control unit generates control commands based on the warning level and equipment operating status, and issues control commands to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment to realize intelligent power quality assessment and linkage control functions. Through the collaborative work of the acquisition unit and the main control unit, closed-loop management of monitoring, assessment, and control is achieved, effectively improving the power quality of distributed photovoltaic grid connection.

[0054] In the data acquisition and transmission phase, the acquisition unit collects multi-dimensional key power quality indicators in real time, including total harmonic distortion (THD) of voltage, total harmonic distortion (THD) of current, short-time voltage flicker, long-time voltage flicker, and the frequency of voltage sags / boosts / short-term interruptions. After preprocessing such as filtering and calibration, the acquired data is transmitted to the main control unit in real time via an internal communication link to ensure the real-time performance and accuracy of data transmission. The acquisition unit also performs a preliminary validity assessment of the acquired data, eliminating abnormal data to avoid the impact of invalid data on the evaluation results.

[0055] In the power quality health status assessment stage, the main control unit incorporates a power quality health scoring model. This model performs weighted calculations based on multi-dimensional key power quality indicators, and the weights of each indicator can be flexibly configured according to grid dispatch requirements and actual application scenarios. For example, total harmonic distortion (THD) and voltage sag events have a significant impact on power quality and can be configured with higher weights; voltage flicker has a relatively smaller impact and can be configured with lower weights. Based on the weighted calculation results, the main control unit classifies the power quality health status into three levels: green (normal), yellow (warning), and red (emergency). When the calculation result is within the preset normal range, it is classified as green, indicating good power quality; when the calculation result exceeds the normal range but does not reach the emergency threshold, it is classified as yellow, triggering a warning; when the calculation result reaches or exceeds the emergency threshold, it is classified as red, triggering an emergency warning.

[0056] During the generation and issuance of control commands, the main control unit automatically generates corresponding control strategies based on the power quality health status level and equipment operating status. For the yellow alert level, the main control unit generates flexible control commands, such as issuing reactive power adjustment commands or power factor adjustment commands to the photovoltaic inverter to fine-tune equipment operating parameters and eliminate potential power quality hazards. For the red emergency level, the main control unit generates rigid control commands, such as limiting the active power output of the photovoltaic inverter or controlling the opening and closing of circuit breakers to quickly cut off power quality pollution sources and avoid serious impact on the power grid. Simultaneously, the main control unit can also push control suggestions to the master station for unified dispatching decisions.

[0057] After the control command is issued, the data acquisition unit will collect the operating data and power quality parameters of the equipment in real time after the control, and transmit them to the main control unit for effect verification. If the power quality returns to normal, the main control unit will terminate the control operation and record the control process; if the power quality is not effectively improved, the main control unit will adjust the control strategy and reissue the control command until the power quality returns to normal or the preset control number of times is reached, to ensure the effectiveness of the control effect.

[0058] Based on this, through the intelligent power quality assessment and linkage control function, the system can monitor the power quality status in real time, automatically identify power quality anomalies, respond quickly and take targeted control measures, effectively reduce the impact of power quality problems such as harmonic pollution and voltage fluctuations on the power grid, improve the compatibility and stability of distributed photovoltaic grid connection, and meet the grid dispatching requirements for flexible and rigid control of photovoltaic grid connection.

[0059] In some embodiments, the backup power unit includes an environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage battery and an energy storage capacitor, for example... Figure 4 As shown, Figure 4 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0060] like Figure 4 As shown, the distributed power access system 100 includes a main control unit 101, a communication unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, a backup power unit 104, and a storage unit 105. The communication unit may include a remote communication module 102-1, a local communication interface 102-2, a bus communication interface 102-3, a short-range debugging interface 102-4, an inverter-specific interface 102-5, and an extended communication interface 102-6. The data acquisition unit 103 may include real-time data acquisition 103-1 and timed automatic data acquisition 103-2. The backup power unit 104 may include an environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage battery 104-1 and an energy storage capacitor 104-2.

[0061] In some embodiments, the backup power unit is further configured to: dynamically adjust the power supply logic of the energy storage capacitor and the energy storage battery according to the main power supply status signal, including power supply priority switching and power supply duration allocation; when the main power supply is normal, the energy storage capacitor and the energy storage battery are respectively in a charging standby state; when the main power supply is interrupted, the energy storage capacitor prioritizes ensuring the terminal's short-term high-load operation and communication continuity, while the energy storage battery ensures the clock operation and monitoring data storage for a long time, thereby realizing dual energy storage collaboration.

[0062] The backup power unit adopts a dual energy storage and collaborative power supply structure of environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage batteries and energy storage capacitors. It combines the advantages of two types of energy storage devices and can fully guarantee the continuity of critical system functions when the main power supply is interrupted. It solves the problem that the power supply duration and power supply stability of traditional single energy storage structures are difficult to balance.

[0063] The environmentally friendly, replaceable energy storage battery uses green lithium batteries, which have advantages such as large capacity, long life, and low pollution. The battery's nominal voltage is 3.6V, and its rated capacity should not be less than 1200mAh. The battery's appearance is free from defects such as cracks, scratches, deformation, stains, and electrolyte leakage. The battery and battery compartment are integrated into a single design, with the battery's positive and negative terminals making tight and reliable contact with the PCB board and internally isolated from high-voltage power. The battery compartment has excellent sealing and insulation. The clock battery is replaceable, ensuring both power supply stability and safety. The energy storage capacitor can be a supercapacitor, which has advantages such as fast charging speed, high charge-discharge cycles, and strong high-current discharge capability, enabling rapid response to power supply demands. Its charging time is no more than 2 hours. The system also includes other energy storage devices, whose charging time is no more than 10 minutes.

[0064] When the main power supply is operating normally, the energy storage capacitors and batteries in the backup power unit are in a charging standby state. The charging time for the energy storage capacitors is no more than 2 hours, enabling them to be quickly fully charged and kept on standby. The energy storage batteries use a float charging method to continuously replenish their charge, ensuring that the batteries are always fully charged. The main control unit monitors the main power supply status and the charging status of the backup power unit in real time. When an abnormality in the charging of the energy storage capacitors or batteries is detected, an alarm message will be generated and reported to the main station, reminding staff to perform timely maintenance.

[0065] When the main power supply is interrupted, the backup power unit dynamically adjusts its power supply logic according to the duration of the main power interruption, achieving coordinated power supply from dual energy storage units. In the initial stage of the main power interruption (e.g., ≤1 minute), the energy storage capacitors are given priority in power supply, utilizing their high-current discharge characteristics to ensure the system operates under short-term high loads, including the normal operation of the main control unit and communication unit, ensuring continuous communication with the main station (without interruption), avoiding data transmission interruptions, and simultaneously ensuring the normal operation of the display module, facilitating on-site personnel to observe the system status.

[0066] When the main power supply is interrupted for more than one minute, the backup power unit automatically switches to the energy storage battery power supply mode, ensuring the long-term operation of critical system functions. Specifically, the energy storage battery can guarantee the retention of monitoring data in the storage unit for at least 10 years, ensuring no loss of historical data; and can guarantee the normal operation of the system clock for at least 5 years, ensuring the accuracy of event recording. During energy storage battery power supply, if a battery low voltage is detected, the energy storage devices within the system will be activated again, prioritizing power to the clock and maintaining accurate clock timing for at least 2 days, further ensuring the continuity of clock operation.

[0067] In some implementation scenarios, the backup power unit also features a smooth power mode switching function, ensuring uninterrupted system power supply when switching between energy storage capacitors and energy storage batteries, thus guaranteeing the continuous operation of critical system functions. Simultaneously, the backup power unit monitors its own power supply status in real time, including energy storage capacitor voltage, energy storage battery voltage, and remaining power, transmitting this monitoring data to the main control unit. The main control unit then generates a power supply status report based on the power supply status and uploads it to the main station, facilitating staff monitoring the backup power unit's operational status.

[0068] Through the dual energy storage collaborative power supply structure and dynamic power supply logic, the backup power unit can ensure both short-term high-load operation and communication continuity of the system when the main power supply is interrupted, and long-term data storage and clock operation, comprehensively improving the power supply reliability and emergency response capability of the system, ensuring uninterrupted monitoring of distributed photovoltaic equipment, and providing continuous data support for grid dispatch.

[0069] In some embodiments, the backup power unit is also equipped with a health monitoring function for energy storage devices. By collecting state parameters such as voltage and capacity decay of the energy storage battery, it determines whether preset abnormal conditions are met, and triggers a maintenance reminder when abnormal conditions are met.

[0070] The health monitoring function of energy storage devices is an important support for ensuring the reliable operation of backup power units. It can monitor the working status of energy storage batteries in real time, detect battery abnormalities in a timely manner, and remind staff to perform maintenance and replacement, so as to avoid backup power unit failure due to energy storage device failure.

[0071] The backup power unit can use a built-in status monitoring module to collect real-time status parameters of the energy storage battery, mainly including battery voltage, charging and discharging current, capacity degradation, and battery temperature. Specifically, battery voltage is collected in real-time by a voltage sensor, reflecting the battery's power supply capacity; charging and discharging current is collected by a current sensor, reflecting the battery's charging and discharging state; capacity degradation is calculated based on the cumulative number of charge and discharge cycles and actual capacity test results, reflecting the battery's aging degree; and battery temperature is collected by a temperature sensor, reflecting the battery's operating environment and preventing the impact of high or low temperatures on battery performance.

[0072] After the status monitoring module collects the status parameters, it transmits them to the main control unit for analysis and processing. The main control unit has a built-in energy storage device health assessment algorithm. This algorithm comprehensively evaluates the collected status parameters based on the battery's rated parameters (such as rated voltage and rated capacity) and preset health thresholds. Preset abnormal conditions may include battery voltage below a preset minimum voltage threshold, capacity degradation exceeding a preset degradation threshold (such as capacity below 80% of rated capacity), battery temperature exceeding a preset normal temperature range, and abnormal fluctuations in charging and discharging current.

[0073] When the main control unit determines that the energy storage battery's status parameters meet preset abnormal conditions, it generates a maintenance reminder message. This message includes the type of abnormal parameter, the current parameter value, the preset threshold, and maintenance suggestions. The maintenance reminder message is reported to the main station in real time via the communication unit and simultaneously displayed on the system's local display module, allowing staff to promptly obtain abnormal information. For severe abnormal situations, such as a sharp drop in battery voltage or excessively high temperature, the main control unit will also trigger an alarm signal to alert staff to take emergency measures and prevent safety accidents such as battery leakage or explosion.

[0074] In addition, the main control unit stores the health status data of the energy storage devices, forming historical health status curves. Staff can query the battery's health status trends through the main station, allowing for advance maintenance planning and preventing backup power unit failure due to sudden battery malfunctions. The energy storage device health monitoring function also supports parameter calibration; staff can calibrate the acquisition accuracy of the status monitoring module through a close-range debugging interface to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring data.

[0075] Through the energy storage device health monitoring function, the system can monitor the working status and health status of the energy storage battery in real time, promptly detect and warn of battery abnormalities, provide staff with accurate maintenance basis, extend the service life of energy storage devices, ensure the reliable operation of backup power units, and improve the overall stability and safety of the system.

[0076] In some embodiments, the storage unit is configured with a data hierarchical storage protection mechanism and a data compression mechanism, for example... Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 This is another exemplary structural block diagram illustrating a distributed power access system according to an embodiment of this application.

[0077] like Figure 5 As shown, the distributed power access system 100 includes a main control unit 101, a communication unit 102, a data acquisition unit 103, a backup power unit 104, and a storage unit 105. The communication unit may include a remote communication module 102-1, a local communication interface 102-2, a bus communication interface 102-3, a short-range debugging interface 102-4, an inverter-specific interface 102-5, and an extended communication interface 102-6. The data acquisition unit 103 may include real-time data acquisition 103-1 and timed automatic data acquisition 103-2. The backup power unit 104 may include an environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage battery 104-1 and an energy storage capacitor 104-2.

[0078] Furthermore, storage unit 105 incorporates a data hierarchical storage protection mechanism 105-1 and a data compression mechanism 105-2. The data hierarchical storage protection mechanism divides stored data into critical data and regular data based on importance. Critical event data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment employs a long-term retention strategy, while regular data uses a cyclic storage strategy. Through the configured data hierarchical storage protection mechanism and data compression mechanism, both the security and traceability of critical data are ensured, while the utilization rate of storage resources is improved.

[0079] The data tiered storage protection mechanism categorizes stored data based on its importance, dividing it into two categories: critical data and routine data. Critical data primarily includes key event records from low-voltage distributed photovoltaic (PV) equipment, such as inverter power control events, circuit breaker status change events, power quality anomaly events, power quality health status grading results, control command records, and backup power unit anomaly records. This type of data is crucial for equipment operation analysis, fault diagnosis, and liability determination. A long-term retention strategy is employed, ensuring that the data will not be overwritten or deleted even if storage capacity is insufficient, guaranteeing long-term traceability.

[0080] Regular data may include periodically collected equipment operation data, periodic power quality statistics, system operation logs, etc. This type of data is voluminous but relatively less important. A first-in-first-out (FIFO) circular storage strategy is adopted. When storage capacity is insufficient, the oldest regular data is automatically deleted to ensure the normal storage of newly collected data. This maximizes the utilization of storage resources while meeting data usage needs.

[0081] The data compression mechanism employs a lossless compression algorithm to compress data before storage, effectively reducing data storage space and improving storage capacity utilization. For example, compressing periodically collected similar or redundant data can reduce data storage space by more than 30% without sacrificing data accuracy. When reading data, the storage unit automatically decompresses the compressed data to ensure normal data usage and without affecting data processing efficiency.

[0082] The storage unit also features data classification and storage capabilities, allowing different types of data to be stored separately in corresponding storage areas. These include data from electricity meters, grid-connected power quality, event logs, photovoltaic inverters, energy storage devices, charging piles, and smart circuit breakers, facilitating rapid data retrieval and management. The storage unit also supports data freezing, generating various frozen curve data at preset time intervals (e.g., 15 minutes) and saving curve data for the most recent preset duration (e.g., 30 days). Each data item can have its storage depth independently configured, providing detailed data support for power quality analysis and equipment operation trend prediction.

[0083] The storage unit and the main control unit are connected via a high-speed internal bus, enabling fast data read and write speeds to meet the system's real-time storage and retrieval needs. Simultaneously, the storage unit possesses strong anti-interference capabilities and data security, employing a data verification mechanism to ensure the integrity and accuracy of data storage, preventing data loss or errors due to electromagnetic interference, power supply fluctuations, or other factors.

[0084] Through data hierarchical storage protection mechanisms and data compression mechanisms, storage units can achieve long-term retention of critical data and efficient storage of routine data within limited storage capacity, thereby improving storage resource utilization and data management efficiency, and providing reliable data support for system operation analysis, fault diagnosis, and control optimization.

[0085] In some embodiments, the acquisition unit may further be used to: generate freeze curve data at preset time intervals and save it for a preset duration, wherein the freeze curve data includes key monitoring data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and power quality.

[0086] The data freeze interval of the acquisition unit can be flexibly configured according to actual application needs. The default interval is 15 minutes, and users can also set other intervals through the main station or local debugging interface. The acquisition unit will freeze the currently acquired low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment operation data and power quality related data according to the preset interval, generating frozen data records. Each frozen data record includes a data freeze timestamp; equipment operating parameters, such as inverter active power, reactive power, power factor, etc.; and power quality parameters, such as voltage, current, harmonic distortion rate, voltage flicker value, etc., ensuring data integrity and time correlation.

[0087] The retention period for frozen curve data can be configured independently. The default is to retain curve data for, for example, the most recent 30 days. Users can adjust the retention period according to storage capacity and actual needs. The acquisition unit transmits the generated frozen curve data to the storage unit for categorized storage. The storage unit sorts and manages the data according to the order of its freezing time, facilitating subsequent queries by time range. When the frozen curve data retention period reaches the preset limit, the storage unit automatically deletes the oldest frozen curve data to free up storage space for new frozen curve data, ensuring the continuous operation of the data freezing function.

[0088] Each data item can have its storage depth configured independently. For example, for core power quality parameters such as voltage and current, a deeper storage depth can be configured to store more historical frozen data; for secondary parameters, a shallower storage depth can be configured to reduce storage resource consumption. This flexible configuration method can optimize storage resource allocation while meeting different data usage needs.

[0089] The frozen curve data generated by the data freeze function can intuitively reflect the changing trends of the operating status and power quality parameters of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment. Staff can query frozen curve data for a specified time period through the main station or local debugging interface for data analysis and trend prediction. For example, by analyzing the photovoltaic inverter power frozen curve, the output stability of the photovoltaic equipment can be assessed; by analyzing the voltage harmonic distortion rate frozen curve, the occurrence patterns of power quality anomalies can be identified, providing a scientific basis for grid dispatching and equipment maintenance.

[0090] In addition, freeze curve data can also serve as an important basis for troubleshooting. When low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment malfunctions or power quality becomes abnormal, staff can query freeze curve data before and after the malfunction, compare and analyze parameter changes, quickly locate the cause of the malfunction, and improve troubleshooting efficiency.

[0091] In some embodiments, the main control unit may further be used to: process and analyze the collected data to generate event records, wherein the event records include power control and power factor control related events of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic inverter, circuit breaker status change events, power quality abnormality events, and terminal equipment failure events.

[0092] The event logging function of the control unit can comprehensively record various key events during system operation, providing important evidence for system operation status monitoring, fault diagnosis, and responsibility identification, ensuring the traceability of system operation. For example, event logging can record events such as: voltage total harmonic distortion exceeding limits: recording the total number of events and the occurrence and end times of the most recent 100 events, along with the corresponding voltage, current, frequency, power factor, and voltage total harmonic distortion; current total harmonic distortion exceeding limits events: recording the total number of events and the occurrence and end times of the most recent 100 events, along with the corresponding voltage, current, frequency, power factor, and current total harmonic distortion; and voltage flicker exceeding limits events: including short-time voltage flicker exceeding limits and long-time voltage flicker exceeding limits, recording the total number of both types of events and the occurrence and end times of the most recent 100 events, along with the corresponding voltage, current, frequency, power factor, and flicker value.

[0093] In some implementation scenarios, it may also include voltage events: including voltage sags, voltage swells, and short interruptions, recording the total number of events and the occurrence and end times of the last 100 events, as well as the corresponding voltage, current, frequency, power factor, and voltage event values; photovoltaic inverter active power control events: recording the total number of events and the occurrence times of the last 100 control events, as well as control information, such as control command content, active power parameters before and after control, and control execution results; photovoltaic inverter reactive power control events: recording the total number of events and the occurrence times of the last 100 control events, as well as control information, such as control command content, reactive power parameters before and after control, and control execution results; photovoltaic inverter power factor control events: recording the total number of events and the occurrence times of the last 100 control events, as well as control information, such as control command content, power factor values ​​before and after control, and control execution results.

[0094] In other implementation scenarios, it may also include circuit breaker switch state change events: recording the total number of events and the occurrence time of the last 10 events, along with their corresponding opening / closing states and the triggering reasons for the state changes, such as manual operation, automatic control commands, and fault linkage; terminal equipment fault events: recording the total number of faults in the distributed power supply access system's own equipment and the types of the last 100 fault events, such as main control unit faults, communication unit faults, acquisition unit faults, backup power supply unit faults, and storage unit faults; the time of fault occurrence; and fault description information, such as communication interruption, abnormal data acquisition, and unstable power supply. Voltage over-limit events: recording the total number of events and the last 100 voltage over-limit values, the time of occurrence of the over-limit, the duration of the over-limit, and the corresponding equipment operating status parameters.

[0095] The event log generation process allows the main control unit to receive equipment operation data and power quality parameters transmitted from the acquisition unit in real time. Combined with its own monitored system operating status (such as the working status of each unit and power supply status), the main control unit performs real-time analysis and judgment of the data. When event triggering conditions such as parameter exceeding limits, equipment status changes, control command execution, or fault triggering are detected, the main control unit immediately initiates the event logging process. Following a preset event log format, it collects complete parameters related to the event, ensuring that the information in each event log is comprehensive, accurate, and without any missing critical parameters.

[0096] After an event log is generated, it is synchronously stored in the critical data storage area of ​​the storage unit, employing a long-term retention strategy. Even if storage capacity is insufficient, it will not be overwritten or deleted by regular data, ensuring the long-term traceability of event logs. Simultaneously, the main control unit differentiates its reporting logic based on the urgency and scope of the event. For example, for urgent events such as severe terminal equipment failures, red alerts for power quality, and significant voltage exceedances, the logs are reported to the main station in real time via the communication unit, triggering audible and visual alarms to alert maintenance personnel for emergency handling. For general events such as routine power adjustments, minor parameter fluctuations, and normal circuit breaker opening and closing, the logs are batch-summarized and reported to the main station according to a preset reporting cycle (e.g., hourly, every 24 hours), ensuring the main station has a comprehensive grasp of the system's operational trajectory without increasing the load on the communication link.

[0097] Staff can query event records through the main management platform or local debugging interfaces (such as Bluetooth interfaces). The system supports multi-dimensional filtering by event type, time interval, device number, and event level to quickly locate target events. Event records can also be exported to standard formats such as PDF and Excel for easy archiving and subsequent data analysis. For example, when troubleshooting abnormal output from photovoltaic inverters, maintenance personnel can query active power control events and power quality anomaly events for the corresponding time period. By combining this information with frozen curve data, they can quickly determine whether the anomaly is caused by a deviation in the execution of control commands, external power quality disturbances, or a fault in the equipment itself, significantly improving troubleshooting efficiency and maintenance management.

[0098] With comprehensive and detailed event logging capabilities, the system enables full traceability of the operation process, providing solid data support for refined management of distributed photovoltaic power stations, rapid fault location, and optimization of control strategies, further ensuring the stable operation of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and the safety and reliability of the power grid.

[0099] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram illustrating a distributed power access system architecture according to an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 As shown, the distributed power access system architecture can include a three-tier structure: a field device layer, a local control layer, and a remote cloud platform layer. The remote cloud platform layer, specifically the distributed power access system settlement platform 601, serves as the system's remote management hub, responsible for data aggregation, monitoring, settlement, and instruction issuance.

[0100] The local control layer can include different types of distributed power access systems 100, which can undertake local data aggregation, equipment control and remote communication, and can also serve as a data interface for field equipment, responsible for connecting photovoltaic equipment and collecting data.

[0101] The field equipment layer may include a photovoltaic PCS 602 and a combiner box 603. The photovoltaic PCS 602 is a photovoltaic converter that converts photovoltaic power into electricity, while the combiner box 603 collects the output current from the photovoltaic modules. It is the energy conversion and collection unit of the photovoltaic system.

[0102] In the implementation scenario, data exchange can be achieved between the photovoltaic PCS 602 and the corresponding distributed power access system 100, as well as between the corresponding distributed power access systems 100, through communication such as RS485, for example, to collect the operating parameters of the photovoltaic PCS. The photovoltaic PCS and the combiner box are directly electrically connected, and the combiner box collects the current from the photovoltaic modules and transmits it to the photovoltaic PCS. In the local control layer, the distributed power access systems 100 can complete local data uploads through wireless communication such as LoRa, avoiding complex wiring and adapting to the deployment scenario of distributed equipment in the transformer area. The distributed power access system 100 and the distributed power access system settlement platform 601 can communicate via 4G to realize remote data reporting and command issuance from the cloud platform.

[0103] In this scenario, the electricity generated by the on-site photovoltaic (PV) modules is collected by the combiner box and transmitted to the PV PCS for power conversion. The smart energy access unit collects the operating data (such as power and voltage) of the PV PCS and uploads it to the smart energy control terminal via LoRa or RS485. The control terminal aggregates and preprocesses the local data and then uploads it to the smart cloud settlement platform for energy supervision via 4G communication, enabling remote monitoring, data statistics, and settlement of PV operation status. Simultaneously, the cloud platform can send control commands to the control terminal via 4G, which are then transmitted to the PV PCS via the control terminal / access unit, enabling remote control of PV output. This achieves observability, measurability, and adjustability for low-voltage distributed PV distribution areas.

[0104] It should be noted that although the operations of the method of this application are described in a specific order in the accompanying drawings, this does not require or imply that these operations must be performed in that specific order, or that all the operations shown must be performed to achieve the desired result. On the contrary, the steps depicted in the flowchart can be performed in a different order. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps may be combined into one step, and / or one step may be broken down into multiple steps.

[0105] It should be understood that when the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., are used in the claims, specification, and drawings of this application, they are used only to distinguish different objects and not to describe a specific order. The terms "comprising" and "including" as used in the specification and claims of this application indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or collections thereof.

[0106] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this specification and claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.

[0107] While numerous embodiments of this application have been shown and described herein, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will arise for those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and intent of this application. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of this application described herein may be employed in the practice of this application. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of this application and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.

Claims

1. A distributed power supply access system, comprising: The system comprises a main control unit, a communication unit, a data acquisition unit, a backup power supply unit, and a storage unit. The main control unit is electrically connected to the communication unit, the data acquisition unit, the backup power supply unit, and the storage unit, respectively. The main control unit is used to coordinate the operation of each unit, monitor the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, and perform data processing, command issuance and equipment control operations. The communication unit is equipped with a communication protocol adaptive matching mechanism to establish a communication link with the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and realize protocol conversion and data interaction. The acquisition unit works in conjunction with the main control unit to realize intelligent power quality assessment and linkage control functions, which is used to collect operating data and power quality parameters of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment to support monitoring and control needs. The backup power unit adopts a dual energy storage cooperative power supply structure and is equipped with a dual energy storage intelligent cooperative control mechanism to ensure the continuity of critical system functions, monitoring data storage and clock operation when the main power is interrupted. The storage unit is used to classify and store the collected data, event records, and frozen data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment.

2. The distributed power supply access system according to claim 1, wherein the communication unit includes a remote communication module, a local communication interface, a bus communication interface, a short-range debugging interface, an inverter-specific interface, and an extended communication interface. The remote communication module includes multiple remote communication methods for remote data transmission; The local communication interface includes uplink and downlink adaptive communication, which is adapted to local data interaction with low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment. The near-field debugging interface is used for data interaction during on-site debugging; The extended communication interface is used for accessing various functional expansion modules.

3. The distributed power access system according to claim 2, wherein the communication unit is further configured to: Automatically identify the communication parameters of low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and match the standard communication protocol and industry-specific communication protocol corresponding to the target equipment; The remote update mechanism expands the compatibility with new associated device protocols, enabling seamless access and data exchange among multiple devices.

4. The distributed power access system according to claim 1, wherein the acquisition unit includes real-time acquisition and timed automatic acquisition, and the acquired operating data includes at least the power, power factor, and on / off status of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment; the power quality parameters include at least voltage, current, power factor, harmonic distortion rate, and voltage flicker.

5. The distributed power access system according to claim 4, wherein the acquisition unit is further used to acquire multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and transmit them to the main control unit, and the main control unit performs a health status classification judgment based on the multi-dimensional key power quality indicators and triggers a corresponding level warning; The main control unit generates control commands based on the warning level and equipment operating status. Control commands are issued to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment to achieve intelligent power quality assessment and coordinated control functions.

6. The distributed power access system according to claim 1, wherein the backup power unit includes an environmentally friendly replaceable energy storage battery and an energy storage capacitor, and the backup power unit is further used for: Based on the main power supply status signal, dynamically adjust the power supply logic of the energy storage capacitor and energy storage battery, including power supply priority switching and power supply duration allocation; When the main power supply is normal, the energy storage capacitor and energy storage battery are in charging standby mode respectively. When the main power supply is interrupted, the energy storage capacitor prioritizes ensuring the terminal's short-term high-load operation and communication continuity, while the energy storage battery ensures long-term clock operation and monitoring data storage, achieving dual energy storage synergy.

7. The distributed power access system according to claim 6, wherein the backup power unit is further configured with a health monitoring function for energy storage devices, which collects state parameters such as voltage and capacity decay of the energy storage battery to determine whether preset abnormal conditions are met, and triggers a maintenance reminder when the abnormal conditions are met.

8. The distributed power access system according to claim 1, wherein the storage unit is configured with a data hierarchical storage protection mechanism and a data compression mechanism, wherein the data hierarchical storage protection mechanism includes dividing the stored data into critical data and regular data according to importance, adopting a long-term retention strategy for critical event data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment, and adopting a circular storage strategy for regular data.

9. The distributed power access system according to claim 5, wherein the acquisition unit is further configured to: generate freeze curve data at preset time intervals and save for a preset duration, wherein the freeze curve data includes key monitoring data related to low-voltage distributed photovoltaic equipment and power quality.

10. The distributed power access system according to claim 5, wherein the main control unit is further configured to: process and analyze the collected data to generate event records, wherein the event records include power control and power factor control related events of the low-voltage distributed photovoltaic inverter, circuit breaker status change events, power quality abnormality events, and terminal equipment failure events.

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