Method, apparatus, circuit and apparatus for providing perceptual feedback for systems employing spectrum fusion

Abstract

A method includes receiving a first parameter and a second parameter; receiving a sensing signal; projecting the perceived signal onto a domain to perform two or more measurements according to the first parameter; generating a signal based on the two or more measurements in accordance with the second parameter, where the signal comprises two or more spectrum fusible measurements performed on two or more frequencies; and sending the signal. The method may also include transmitting a spectrum fusion capability report. The two or more measurements may be embedded in the signal, which may include measuring the average power corresponding to different frequency bandwidths and a spectrum fused carrier phase measurement. The second parameter may be used for uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency, non-uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency, measuring sample amplitude, measuring sample real and imaginary parts, pre-configuring quantization, or may include a cutoff threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention generally relates to sensing in wireless systems, and more particularly to methods, apparatus, circuits, and devices for providing sensing feedback for systems employing spectrum fusion. Background Technology

[0002] Perceived information from user equipment (UE) can be used in communication networks (including cellular or wireless communication networks) to improve network performance based on certain performance metrics. These metrics may include network capacity, agility, and efficiency. Performance improvements can be achieved when network elements combine prior information describing the wireless environment in which the UE operates with the UE's location, behavior, and mobility patterns.

[0003] Sensing systems can be used to collect UE-sensing information, including the device's location (e.g., its position relative to a global coordinate system), its speed and direction of movement within the global coordinate system, its orientation information, and information about the wireless environment. While sensing systems can operate independently of communication systems, running an integrated system for information collection and sharing offers advantages such as reduced hardware resources and associated costs, while improving operational efficiency (e.g., shorter runtime or processing time, increased frequency, or reduced spatial resources required to meet the needs of both sensing and communication systems). However, using the communication system hardware within the UE to perform sensing functions related to location and environmental information can present challenges and raise issues. These challenges and issues may be related to various factors, such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamic nature of the environment, and the potentially enormous number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and locations need to be estimated.

[0004] Therefore, for various applications of existing and future communication systems, efficient and effective integrated sensing and communication systems may be required. These systems may also be called integrated sensing and communication systems and / or joint sensing and communication systems, etc. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The embodiments disclosed herein relate to apparatuses, circuits, devices, and methods in which signals can be generated and transmitted, the signals comprising multiple fusionable measurements at multiple frequencies, the signals being fused at another node (e.g., a fusion node). Two or more measurements can be generated, projecting a sensed signal onto a domain to perform one or more measurements according to a first set of parameters. The signals can be generated according to a second set of parameters.

[0006] In a broad aspect of an embodiment of the invention, a method includes: receiving a first parameter and a second parameter; receiving a sensing signal; projecting the sensing signal onto a domain to perform two or more measurements according to the first parameter; generating a signal based on the two or more measurements according to the second parameter, the signal including two or more spectrally fused measurements at two or more frequencies; and transmitting the signal.

[0007] In some embodiments, the method further includes sending a spectrum fusion capability report.

[0008] In some embodiments, the two or more measurements are embedded in the signal.

[0009] In some embodiments, the two or more measurements include measuring the average power corresponding to different frequency bandwidths.

[0010] In some embodiments, the two or more measurements include spectral fusion carrier phase measurements.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency.

[0012] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for performing non-uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for measuring the sample amplitude.

[0014] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes parameters for measuring the real and imaginary parts of the sample.

[0015] In some embodiments, the second parameter is used for pre-configuration quantization.

[0016] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a cutoff threshold.

[0017] In some embodiments, the sensing signal is received on a sub-band.

[0018] In some embodiments, the sensing signal is received on two or more sub-bands.

[0019] In some embodiments, the method further includes: modulating the two or more measurements to obtain a modulated signal; and transmitting the modulated signal.

[0020] In a broad aspect of an embodiment of the invention, a method includes: transmitting a first parameter and a second parameter; transmitting a sensing signal; and receiving a signal based on two or more measurements performed according to the first parameter and generated according to the second parameter, the signal including two or more spectrally fused measurements at two or more frequencies.

[0021] In some embodiments, the method includes receiving a spectrum fusion capability report.

[0022] In some embodiments, the two or more spectral measurements may be fused and embedded in the signal.

[0023] In some embodiments, the two or more measurements include measuring the average power at different frequency bandwidths.

[0024] In some embodiments, the two or more measurements include spectral fusion carrier phase measurements.

[0025] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency.

[0026] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for performing non-uniform sampling using a configured sampling frequency.

[0027] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a parameter for measuring the sample amplitude.

[0028] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes parameters for measuring the real and imaginary parts of the sample.

[0029] In some embodiments, the second parameter is used for pre-configuration quantization.

[0030] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes a cutoff threshold.

[0031] In some embodiments, the sensing signal is transmitted on a sub-band.

[0032] In some embodiments, the sensing signal is transmitted on two or more sub-bands.

[0033] In some embodiments, the method further includes receiving a modulated signal, the modulated signal being obtained by modulating two or more measurements.

[0034] In some embodiments, an apparatus includes: a transmitter for transmitting; a receiver for receiving; a memory for storing instructions; and a processor for causing the apparatus to perform the method.

[0035] In some embodiments, a device includes one or more circuits for causing the device to perform the method.

[0036] In some embodiments, one or more non-transitory computer-readable storage devices include instructions that, when a program is executed by a computer, cause the device to perform the method. Attached Figure Description

[0037] For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference is made to the following description and accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 3 These are schematic diagrams of electronic devices and base stations according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of modules of an electronic device according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5 According to some embodiments of the present invention | |Quantitative chart; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the modulated and unmodulated portions of a sensed signal according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a signal flow graph according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a block diagram of a method according to some embodiments of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a block diagram of a method according to some embodiments of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein generally have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Exemplary terms are defined below to facilitate understanding of the subject matter of this invention.

[0039] The term "a / an" refers to one or more of the entities; for example, "a module" refers to one or more modules or at least one module. Therefore, the terms "a / an," "one or more," and "at least one" are used interchangeably herein. Furthermore, the use of the quantifier "a" or "an" to refer to an element or feature does not preclude the possibility of more than one element or feature, unless the context explicitly requires exactly one element. Moreover, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to multiple features (e.g., modules) do not imply that the modules or methods disclosed herein must include multiple features.

[0040] "And / or" means and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more items listed in the associated list (e.g., one or the other, or both), while also covering situations that do not constitute a combination in the context of the alternative expression (or).

[0041] Perceived information from user equipment (UE) can be used in communication networks (including cellular or wireless communication networks) to improve network performance based on certain performance metrics. These metrics may include network capacity, agility, and efficiency. Performance improvements can be achieved when network elements combine prior information describing the wireless environment in which the UE operates with the UE's location, behavior, and movement patterns. Perceived information may include location information, speed and heading information, and orientation information.

[0042] Sensing systems can be used to collect UE location information, including the device's location (e.g., its position relative to a global coordinate system), its speed and direction of movement within the global coordinate system, its orientation information, and information about the wireless environment. The term "orientation" as used herein can also refer to "location," and the two terms are used interchangeably. Well-known sensing systems include radio detection and ranging (RADAR) and light detection and ranging (LIDAR), among others. While sensing systems can operate independently of communication systems, running an integrated system for information collection and sharing can offer advantages such as reduced hardware resources and associated costs, while improving operational efficiency—for example, by shortening runtime or processing time, increasing frequency, or reducing the spatial resources required to meet the needs of both sensing and communication systems. However, using the communication system hardware within the UE to perform sensing functions related to location and environmental information can present challenges and problems. These challenges and problems may be related to a variety of factors, such as the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamic nature of the environment, and the potentially enormous number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and locations need to be estimated.

[0043] Therefore, for various applications of existing and future communication systems, efficient and effective integrated sensing and communication systems may be required. These systems may also be referred to as integrated communication and sensing systems and / or joint sensing and communication systems, etc.

[0044] Nodes and terminals in certain future wireless networks and systems (such as those beyond 5G and 6G) ​​may be suited for dual functions—communication and sensing—while maintaining high spectral efficiency. Furthermore, many future applications and use cases in these systems may require precise sensing accuracy and high communication data rates. This could necessitate allocating significant bandwidth to each node and terminal to balance these two functions and achieve the required sensing accuracy and communication data rates. However, due to spectrum scarcity and the large number of nodes, terminals, and users in a particular application class, allocating significant bandwidth to each node and terminal may not be suitable for some network applications. Moreover, limitations in power, hardware bandwidth, and processing capabilities may mean that only a small number of terminals and / or UEs can transmit, receive, and process ultra-wideband sensing signals. The design of future wireless communication systems can focus on addressing these issues to provide high-resolution sensing information with full network coverage in future wireless systems.

[0045] Spectrum fusion, also known as bandwidth or multi-band stitching, frequency carrier or layer fusion, can be used to fuse multiple measurements performed on multiple frequency carriers (such as low-bandwidth frequency carriers or bands) to increase the total effective bandwidth used for measurement. Note that the terms "frequency carrier," "frequency layer," "band," and "subband" are used interchangeably herein, where a portion of a resource can be defined in the frequency domain on which the sensed signal is transmitted and measured. The performance gains from fusing multiple low-bandwidth measurements corresponding to multiple non-overlapping low-bandwidth frequency carriers can provide high sense resolution and / or high accuracy gains compared to the performance gains from utilizing a single ultra-high bandwidth sensed signal. However, spectrum fusion may require complex signal processing at the fusion node, and some terminals and / or UEs may not be able to support such operations. This is particularly significant when the terminal and / or UE are in low-power mode or when capability constraints are reduced. Such terminals and / or UEs performing multiple sense measurements on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers may not be able to properly fuse these measurements to obtain the high-resolution and / or high-accuracy sensed parameters of interest. Therefore, these terminals and / or UEs may not process and fuse the measurement results collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers, but instead send these measurement results as feedback to other nodes that are capable of processing and fusing them, such as perception fusion nodes.

[0046] Using raw measurements collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers as feedback can generate significant information overhead, impacting network utilization efficiency (especially in the feedback direction) and potentially reducing system spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the sensing fusion node must coherently fuse these measurements collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers, thereby significantly reducing the potential gains in high sensing resolution and / or high accuracy that could be achieved through the spectral fusion process.

[0047] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to provide spectrum-fusionable sensing information feedback at the fusion node, where the sensing information is obtained by collecting sensing measurement results on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers.

[0048] Generally, aspects of this invention can relate to the cooperative operation of a sensing fusion node and a sensing measurement node to achieve low-overhead, spectrum-fused sensing information feedback at the sensing fusion node. The sensing information feedback can include: multiple processed multipath channel measurements collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers and measured and processed by the sensing measurement node; multiple average power measurements of multiple received sensing signals collected by the sensing measurement node on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers; and multiple carrier phase measurements collected by the sensing measurement node on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers. The sensing measurement node can be used to collect and process these sets of measurements to reduce the overhead of providing feedback of processed measurement results to the sensing fusion node. The sensing fusion node can be used to coherently fuse the sensing information feedback sent by the sensing measurement node to improve the temporal / delay resolution and / or accuracy of sensing parameters associated with the received sensing information feedback.

[0049] Various aspects of this application may involve configuring a sensing measurement node to perform multiple multipath channel measurements on multiple frequency carriers, processing and compressing the multiple multipath channel measurements according to a processing and compression method, and feeding back or reporting multiple processed and compressed measurement results to a sensing fusion node. Furthermore, the sensing measurement node may be used to perform multiple carrier phase measurements on multiple frequency carriers and feed back or report these measurements to the sensing fusion node.

[0050] Various aspects of the present invention relate to the joint design and configuration of a feedback and reporting method for multiple multipath channel measurements collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers. The measurement feedback method can utilize the correlation between multipath channel measurement results to report multipath channel measurement results obtained on a specific frequency carrier, and report differential sensing information included in the multipath channel measurement results obtained on the remaining multiple frequency carriers compared to the measurement obtained on that specific frequency carrier. The joint design and configuration of the feedback and reporting method for multiple multipath channel measurement results collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers can reduce the overhead of feeding back and reporting the multipath channel measurement results collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers to a sensing fusion node.

[0051] Other aspects of the invention may involve configuring a sensing measurement node to transmit multiple sensing signals, modulated with multiple processed and compressed multipath channel measurement results collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers, to a sensing fusion node, and then transmitting multiple subsequent sensing signals to the sensing fusion node. These joint measurement and measurement result feedback and reporting methods can reduce the overhead of the measurement result fusion process, as well as the overhead of the sensing fusion node in acquiring sensing parameters.

[0052] Appropriate spectral fusion of multiple multipath channel measurements collected on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers may require correlation processing of these measurements in time / delay and / or spectrum / frequency domain, depending on the waveform used, by compensating for carrier phase offsets between the multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers, which can be used to carry sensing signals and the measurements collected using the sensing signals. Compensating for carrier phase offsets between multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers can achieve phase continuity between multipath channel measurements, thereby obtaining high sensing resolution and / or high accuracy when estimating sensing parameters associated with the multipath channel measurements. Therefore, aspects of the present invention may relate to carrier phase measurements at sensing measurement nodes and methods for feeding back and reporting these measurements to a sensing fusion node. The carrier phase measurement and feedback and reporting methods involve performing carrier phase measurements on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers and reporting or feeding back the relative phase offsets between the multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers to a sensing fusion node.

[0053] As a representative aspect of this invention, one advantage of the spectrum fusion measurement and feedback method is that it provides a feasible solution for sensing fusion nodes to obtain low-overhead sensing information feedback / reports derived from multiple sensing measurement results collected by sensing measurement nodes on multiple low-bandwidth frequency carriers. This allows the spectrum fusion processing to be offloaded to the sensing fusion node (e.g., a base station) via a low-overhead sensing information feedback and reporting method, thereby providing high-resolution sensing services to low-end and / or low-capability sensing measurement nodes (e.g., drones). Utilizing low-bandwidth sensing signals can extend the high-resolution sensing capabilities of next-generation wireless systems by increasing the number of transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) sensing nodes / UEs, which, by incorporating low-end and / or low-capability UEs (e.g., drones and Internet of Things (IoT) devices, are highly likely to provide high-resolution sensing activity (providing measurement results and / or sensing signals).

[0054] As representative of various aspects of the present invention, the spectrum fusion measurement and feedback method can also provide flexibility in the allocation of time and frequency resources required for sensing measurements and sensing fusion nodes participating in the sensing process, enabling opportunistic resource allocation. In turn, this can solve resource allocation problems in the network and flexibly prioritize sensing or communication methods depending on the application involved. For example, in the case of prioritizing communication, network sensing nodes (such as base stations) can distribute allocated time-frequency resources over a wider time and spectrum range to reduce or eliminate interference with allocated communication resources.

[0055] refer to Figure 1 As a non-limiting illustrative example, a simplified schematic diagram of a communication system is provided. Communication system 100 includes a radio access network 120. Radio access network 120 can be a next-generation (such as sixth-generation, 6G, or later) radio access network or a traditional (such as 5G, 4G, 3G, or 2G) radio access network. One or more electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (generally referred to as 110) can be interconnected with each other or connected to one or more network nodes (170a, 170b, generally referred to as 170) in radio access network 120. Core network 130 can be part of the communication system and can depend on or be independent of the radio access technology used in communication system 100. In addition, the communication system 100 includes a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160.

[0056] Figure 2An exemplary communication system 100 is illustrated. Generally, the communication system 100 enables multiple wireless or wired units to transmit data and other content. The purpose of the communication system 100 may be to provide content such as voice, data, video, and / or text via broadcast, multicast, unicast, etc. The communication system 100 can operate by sharing resources (such as carrier spectrum bandwidth) among its constituent units. The communication system 100 may include terrestrial communication systems and / or non-terrestrial communication systems. The communication system 100 can provide a wide variety of communication services and applications (such as earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.). The communication system 100 can provide high availability and robustness through the joint operation of terrestrial and non-terrestrial communication systems. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can form a multi-layered heterogeneous network. Compared to traditional communication networks, heterogeneous networks can achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation between terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks, more flexible function sharing, and faster physical layer link switching.

[0057] Terrestrial communication systems and non-terrestrial communication systems can be subsystems of a communication system. Figure 2 In the example shown, communication system 100 includes electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d (generally referred to as ED110), radio access networks (RANs) 120a and 120b, a non-terrestrial communication network 120c, a core network 130, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. RANs 120a and 120b include corresponding base stations (BSs) 170a and 170b, which are generally referred to as terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b. The non-terrestrial communication network 120c includes access nodes 172, which are generally referred to as non-terrestrial transmit and receive points (NT-TRPs) 172.

[0058] Alternatively or additionally, any ED 110 can be used to connect to, access, or communicate with any T-TRP 170a, 170b, and NT-TRP 172, the Internet 150, the core network 130, the PSTN 140, other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, ED 110a can communicate uplink and / or downlink with T-TRP 170a via terrestrial air interface 190a. In some examples, ED 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d can also communicate directly with each other via one or more sidelink air interfaces 190b. In some examples, ED 110d can communicate uplink and / or downlink with NT-TRP 172 via non-terrestrial air interface 190c.

[0059] Air interfaces 190a and 190b can use similar communication technologies, such as any suitable wireless access technology. For example, communication system 100 can implement one or more channel access methods in air interfaces 190a and 190b, such as code division multiple access (CDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), or single-carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA) (also known as discrete Fourier transform spread OFDMA (DFT-s-OFDMA)). Air interfaces 190a and 190b can utilize other high-dimensional signal spaces, which may include combinations of orthogonal and / or non-orthogonal dimensions.

[0060] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c enables communication between the ED 110d and one or more NT-TRP 172s via a wireless link or simply through a link. In some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection for multicast transmission between a group of ED 110s and one or more NT-TRP 172s.

[0061] RANs 120a and 120b communicate with the core network 130 to provide various services, such as voice, data, and other services, to EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c. RANs 120a and 120b, and / or the core network 130, can communicate directly or indirectly with one or more other RANs (not shown), which may or may not be directly served by the core network 130, and may or may not use the same radio access technology as RANs 120a and / or RAN 120b. The core network 130 can also serve as a gateway access between (i) RANs 120a and 120b, and / or EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as PSTN 140, Internet 150, and other networks 160). Additionally, some or all of the EDs in EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks via different radio links using different radio technologies and / or protocols. Instead of wireless communication (or other than wireless communication), ED 110a, 110b, and 110c can communicate with service providers or exchanges (not shown) via wired communication channels and with the Internet 150. PSTN 140 may include a circuit-switched telephone network for providing plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 150 may include a computer network and / or subnet (internal network) and integrates protocols such as Internet Protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). ED 110a, 110b, and 110c can be multimode devices capable of operating under various wireless access technologies and may include multiple transceivers required to support such technologies.

[0062] Figure 3Another example of ED 110 and base stations 170a, 170b, and / or 170c is shown. ED 110 is used to connect people, things, machines, etc. ED 110 can be widely used in various scenarios, including cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), peer-to-peer (P2P), machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-type communications (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, smart transportation, smart cities, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, and more.

[0063] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end-user equipment for wireless operation and may include (or be referred to as): user equipment / device (UE), wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU), mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, cellular phone, station (STA), machine type communication (MTC) device, personal digital assistant (PDA), smartphone, laptop, computer, tablet, wireless sensor, consumer electronics, smartbook, vehicle, automobile, truck, bus, train, or IoT device, wearable device (such as watch, glasses, head-mounted device, etc.), industrial equipment, or devices that include or incorporate the above-mentioned equipment (such as communication modules, modems, or chips), etc. Next-generation ED 110 may be referred to using other terms. Base station 170a and base station 170b are T-TRPs, referred to below as T-TRP 170. Similarly, Figure 3As shown, NT-TRP will be referred to as NT-TRP 172 below. Each ED 110 connected to T-TRP 170 and / or NT-TRP 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically started (i.e., established, activated, or enabled), shut down (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled), and / or configured in response to one or more of connectivity availability and connectivity necessity.

[0064] ED 110 includes a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. Only one antenna 204 is shown in the figure to avoid clutter. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may also be panels. The transmitter 201 and receiver 203 may be integrated, for example, integrated as a transceiver. The transceiver is used to modulate data or other content for transmission through at least one antenna 204 or a network interface controller (NIC). The transceiver may also be used to demodulate data or other content received through at least one antenna 204. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received wirelessly or wiredly. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals.

[0065] ED 110 includes at least one memory 208. Memory 208 stores instructions and data used, generated, or acquired by ED 110. For example, memory 208 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described herein and executed by one or more processing units (such as processor 210). Each memory 208 includes any suitable one or more volatile and / or non-volatile storage and retrieval devices. Any suitable type of memory can be used, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), hard disk, optical disk, subscriber identity module (SIM) card, memory stick, secure digital (SD) card, and processor cache, etc.

[0066] ED 110 may also include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces (such as those connected to...). Figure 1(Wired interface of Internet 150). Input / output devices or interfaces support interaction with users or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes any suitable structure for providing or receiving information from the user and / or for network interface communication. Suitable structures include speakers, microphones, keypads, keyboards, displays, touchscreens, etc.

[0067] ED 110 includes a processor 210 for performing the following operations: operations related to preparing to transmit uplink transmissions to NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170; operations related to processing downlink transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170; and operations related to processing lateral link transmissions transmitted to and from other ED 110s. Processing operations related to preparing to transmit uplink transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing downlink transmissions may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulation, and decoding of received symbols. According to an embodiment, the downlink transmission may be received by receiver 203 using receive beamforming, and processor 210 may extract signaling from the downlink transmission (e.g., by detecting and / or decoding signaling). An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 210 performs transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction indications (such as beam angle information (BAI)) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 210 may perform operations related to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as operations related to detecting synchronization sequences, decoding, and acquiring system information. In some embodiments, processor 210 may perform channel estimation using reference signals received from NT-TRP 172 and / or T-TRP 170.

[0068] Processor 210 may be part of transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203, but is not shown in the figures. Memory 208 may be part of processor 210, but is not shown in the figures.

[0069] The processing components in processor 210, transmitter 201, and receiver 203 can be implemented by the same or different processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (such as memory 208). Alternatively, some or all of the processing components in processor 210, transmitter 201, and receiver 203 can be implemented separately using hardware accelerators such as a programmable field-programmable gate array (FPGA), application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), graphics processing unit (GPU), or artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator.

[0070] In some implementations, the T-TRP 170 can have other names, such as base station, basetransceiver station (BTS), wireless base station, network node, network device, network-side device, transmit / receive node, NodeB, evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB), home eNodeB, next-generation NodeB (gNB), transmission point (TP), site controller, access point (AP), wireless router, relay station, ground node, ground network device, ground base station, baseband unit (BBU), remote radio unit (RRU), active antenna unit (AAU), remote radio head (RRH), central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), location node, etc. The T-TRP 170 can be a macro BS, micro BS, relay node, or donor node, or a combination thereof. T-TRP 170 can refer to the aforementioned equipment or to a component within the aforementioned equipment (such as a communication module, modem, or chip).

[0071] In some embodiments, the various parts of T-TRP 170 may be distributed. For example, some modules in T-TRP 170 may be located remotely from the device housing the antenna 256 of T-TRP 170 and may be coupled to the device housing the antenna 256 via a communication link (not shown) sometimes referred to as a fronthaul (such as a common public radio interface (CPRI)). Therefore, in some embodiments, the term "T-TRP 170" may also refer to network-side modules that perform processing operations such as determining the location of ED 110, resource allocation (scheduling), message generation, and encoding / decoding, which are not necessarily part of the device housing the antenna 256 of T-TRP 170. These modules may also be coupled to other T-TRPs. In some embodiments, T-TRP 170 may actually be multiple T-TRPs that operate together to serve ED 110, such as through the use of cooperative multicast.

[0072] T-TRP 170 includes at least one transmitter 252 and at least one receiver 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only one antenna 256 is shown in the figure to avoid clutter. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may also be panels. The transmitter 252 and receiver 254 may be integrated as a transceiver. T-TRP 170 also includes a processor 260 for performing operations related to: preparing downlink transmissions to be transmitted to ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110; preparing backlink transmissions to be transmitted to NT-TRP 172; and processing transmissions received from NT-TRP 172 via backlink. Processing operations related to preparing downlink or backlink transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the uplink or backlink may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. Processor 260 can also perform operations related to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, such as generating the contents of a synchronization signal block (SSB), generating system information, etc. In some embodiments, processor 260 also generates beam direction indications, such as BAI, that can be scheduled by scheduler 253 for transmission. Processor 260 performs other network-side processing operations described herein, such as determining the location of ED 110, determining the deployment location of NT-TRP 172, etc. In some embodiments, processor 260 can generate signaling to configure one or more parameters of ED 110 and / or one or more parameters of NT-TRP 172, etc. Any signaling generated by processor 260 is transmitted by transmitter 252. Note that "signaling" as used herein can also be referred to as control signaling. Signaling can be transmitted in physical layer control channels such as the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), in which case the signaling can be referred to as dynamic signaling. Signaling transmitted in the downlink physical layer control channel can be referred to as downlink control information (DCI). Signaling transmitted in the uplink physical layer control channel is called uplink control information (UCI). Signaling transmitted in the sidelink physical layer control channel is called sidelink control information (SCI).Signaling can be included in higher-layer (e.g., above the physical layer) data packets transmitted over physical layer data channels such as the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). In this case, the signaling can be referred to as higher-layer signaling, static signaling, or semi-static signaling. Higher-layer signaling can also refer to Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol signaling or Media Access Control – Control Element (MAC-CE) signaling.

[0073] Scheduler 253 may be coupled to processor 260. Scheduler 253 may be included within T-TRP 170 or may operate separately from T-TRP 170. Scheduler 253 may schedule uplink, downlink, lateral link, and / or backlink transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring schedule-free (e.g., “configuration grants”) resources. T-TRP 170 also includes memory 258 for storing information and data. Memory 258 stores instructions and data used, generated, or collected by T-TRP 170. For example, memory 258 may store software instructions or modules for implementing some or all of the functions and / or embodiments described herein and executed by processor 260.

[0074] Processor 260 may be part of transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254, but is not shown in the figure. Furthermore, although not shown, processor 260 may implement scheduler 253. Memory 258 may be part of processor 260, but is not shown in the figure.

[0075] The processing components in processor 260, scheduler 253, transmitter 252, and receiver 254 can be implemented by the same or different processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (such as memory 258). Alternatively, some or all of the processing components in processor 260, scheduler 253, transmitter 252, and receiver 254 can be implemented using dedicated circuitry such as a programmable FPGA, hardware accelerator (such as a GPU or AI accelerator), or ASIC.

[0076] Although the NT-TRP 172 is exemplified only as a drone, it can be implemented in any suitable non-terrestrial form, such as satellites and high-altitude platforms, including international mobile communication base stations and unmanned aerial vehicles. Furthermore, in some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 may have other names, such as a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, or a non-terrestrial base station. The NT-TRP 172 includes a transmitter 272 and a receiver 274 coupled to one or more antennas 280. Only one antenna 280 is shown in the figure to avoid clutter. One, some, or all of the antennas may also be panels. The transmitter 272 and receiver 274 may be integrated as a transceiver. The NT-TRP 172 also includes a processor 276 for performing operations related to: preparing downlink transmissions to ED 110; processing uplink transmissions received from ED 110; preparing return transmissions to T-TRP 170; and processing transmissions received from T-TRP 170 via return. Processing operations related to preparing downlink or backhaul transmissions may include operations such as encoding, modulation, precoding (e.g., MIMO precoding), transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing receive transmissions in the uplink or backhaul may include operations such as receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. In some embodiments, processor 276 performs transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (e.g., BAI) received from T-TRP 170. In some embodiments, processor 276 may generate signaling to configure one or more parameters of ED 110, etc. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 implements physical layer processing but does not implement higher-layer functions, such as those in the medium access control (MAC) layer or radio link control (RLC) layer. Since this is only an example, NT-TRP 172 typically implements higher-layer functions in addition to physical layer processing.

[0077] The NT-TRP 172 also includes a memory 278 for storing information and data. A processor 276 may be part of the transmitter 272 and / or the receiver 274, but is not shown in the figure. The memory 278 may be part of the processor 276, but is not shown in the figure.

[0078] The processing components in processor 276, transmitter 272, and receiver 274 can be implemented by the same or different processors, which execute instructions stored in memory (such as memory 278). Alternatively, some or all of the processing components in processor 276, transmitter 272, and receiver 274 can be implemented using dedicated circuitry such as a programmable FPGA, hardware accelerator (such as a GPU or AI accelerator), or ASIC. In some embodiments, NT-TRP 172 can actually be multiple NT-TRPs operating together to serve ED110, such as through cooperative multicast.

[0079] T-TRP 170, NT-TRP 172 and / or ED 110 may include other components, but for clarity these components are omitted.

[0080] according to Figure 4 One or more steps of the exemplary methods provided herein may be performed by the corresponding unit or module. Figure 4 The diagram illustrates units or modules within a device (such as ED 110, T-TRP 170, or NT-TRP 172). For example, signals may be transmitted or output by a transmitting unit or transmitting module. Signals may be received or input by a receiving unit or receiving module. Signals may be processed by a processing unit or processing module. Other steps may be performed by an artificial intelligence (AI) module or a machine learning (ML) module. The corresponding units or modules may be implemented using hardware, one or more components or devices executing software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more of these units or modules may be circuits, such as integrated circuits. Integrated circuits may include programmable FPGAs, GPUs, or ASICs. For example, one or more of these units or modules may be logic, such as logical functions executed by circuits, a portion of an integrated circuit, or software instructions executed by a processor. It should be understood that if these modules are implemented using software executed by a processor, etc., then these modules may be retrieved by the processor, wholly or partially, individually or collectively, for processing, in one or more instances, and these modules themselves may include instructions for further deployment and instantiation.

[0081] Although not shown, the transmitting module and receiving module can be part of a transceiver module, or they can be combined to form a transceiver module. A transceiver module can also be called an interface module, or simply an interface, and is used for input and output operations.

[0082] Further details regarding ED 110, T-TRP 170, and NT-TRP 172 are known to those skilled in the art. Therefore, these details are omitted herein.

[0083] According to some aspects of the present invention, a method is provided for acquiring fusionable sensing feedback information collected on multiple frequency carriers (e.g., at a sensing fusion node). The method includes: sending configuration information of a first processing function (measurement fusion function) to a sensing measurement node or the like to support the fusionability of multiple measurement vectors, wherein these measurement vectors are collected from multiple sensing signals transmitted on multiple frequency carriers. The method may include: sending configuration information of a second processing function to the sensing measurement node or the like, wherein the second processing function compresses the multiple measurement vectors collected on multiple frequency carriers. The method may include: sending configuration information to the sensing measurement node or the like to support carrier phase measurement and reporting on multiple frequency carriers. The method may include: sending configuration information to the sensing measurement node or the like to indicate the type of sensing information feedback method. The method may include: sending configuration information to the sensing measurement node or the like to provide feedback on multiple measurement results acquired on multiple frequency carriers. The method may include: sending configuration information of sensing signals to the sensing fusion node or the like, wherein these sensing signals are received on multiple frequency carriers at the sensing measurement node. The method may include: transmitting multiple sensing signals to the sensing measurement node on multiple frequency carriers. The method may include: receiving feedback information from a sensing measurement node at a sensing fusion node, wherein the feedback information is related to multiple measurement results collected on multiple frequency carriers (such as at the sensing fusion node); and receiving multiple sensing parameters related to the sensing measurement node by jointly processing multiple carrier phase measurement results collected on multiple frequency carriers and multiple compressed sensing information.

[0084] In the embodiments described herein, parameters may be used to acquire and generate different aspects of feedback, and may generally be referred to or categorized as a first parameter (or a first set of parameters), a second parameter (or a second set of parameters), etc. For example, a first parameter may be used to refer to a parameter for a first purpose, such as performing a measurement, while a second parameter may be used to refer to a parameter for a second purpose, such as generating a signal that can fuse measurement results.

[0085] According to some aspects of the present invention, a method is provided for facilitating the acquisition of sensing feedback information collected on multiple frequency carriers (e.g., at a sensing fusion node). The method includes: performing measurements on multiple sensing signals received on multiple frequency carriers at a sensing measurement node, etc., according to a predefined first processing function (measurement fusion function), to obtain multiple measurement vectors. The method may include: determining a reference measurement vector at the sensing measurement node, etc., according to a predefined criterion. The method may include: establishing a mathematical expression at the sensing measurement node, etc., for each measurement vector other than the reference measurement vector, according to the predefined measurement fusion function, such that the mathematical expression for each measurement vector other than the reference measurement vector is a function of the reference vector itself, a bias vector associated with each measurement vector, and an adjustment scalar. The method may include: compressing the reference measurement vector and multiple bias vectors associated with other measurement vectors at the sensing measurement node, etc., according to a predefined compression method, and quantizing the multiple adjustment scalars. The method may include: transmitting the compressed reference measurement vector, the multiple compressed bias vectors, and the multiple quantized adjustment scalars from the sensing measurement node to the sensing fusion node, etc.

[0086] According to some aspects of the present invention, a method is provided for facilitating the acquisition of sensing feedback information collected on multiple frequency carriers (e.g., at a sensing fusion node). The method includes: performing measurements on multiple sensing signals received on multiple frequency carriers at a sensing measurement node, etc., according to a predefined first processing function (measurement fusion function), to obtain multiple measurement vectors. The method may include: compressing the multiple measurement vectors at the sensing measurement node, etc., according to a predefined compression function. The method may also include: performing partial analog modulation (mainly including time components of the multiple sensing signals) on the multiple sensing signals using the compressed measurement vectors, and then transmitting the multiple sensing signals from the sensing measurement node, etc., to a fusion node, etc.

[0087] According to some aspects of the present invention, a method for coherently fusing sensing feedback information at a fusion node or the like is provided. The method includes: performing carrier phase measurements on multiple sensing signals received on multiple frequency carriers at a sensing measurement node or the like. The method may include: determining a reference carrier at the sensing measurement node or the like according to a specific criterion. The method may also include: reporting a phase difference from the sensing measurement node or the like to a fusion node or the like, wherein the phase difference is the difference between the average phase of the signal received on a resource unit carrying the sensing signal received on the reference carrier (e.g., at the sensing measurement node) and the average phase of the sensing signal received on a resource unit carrying the sensing signal received on other carriers (e.g., at the sensing measurement node).

[0088] For illustrative purposes, specific exemplary embodiments will now be discussed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0089] In some aspects of this application, the sensing process involves three main nodes or terminals: the sensing management function (SMF), the sensing fusion node, and the sensing measurement node.

[0090] The sensing network function (SMF) can be implemented as a physical network entity or a logical network entity. The SMF can be used to coordinate sensing processes representing various aspects of this application. For example, a logical network entity version of the SMF can be deployed wholly or partially at a sensing fusion node. The main functions of the SMF may include managing time and frequency resources and configuring sensing signals and sensing modes. The SMF may also include: transmitting the configuration of sensing signals; transmitting detailed information and configuration of the sensing fusion process; and transmitting the configuration and type of feedback or reporting of sensing information. Furthermore, the SMF may include: receiving updates from sensing measurement nodes regarding estimated sensing parameters, wherein these updates are based on high-resolution and / or high-precision measurement information; and preprocessing and spectral fusion of the measurement information to obtain high-resolution sensing information and high-resolution channel parameters associated with a set of TX sensing nodes.

[0091] A perception fusion node can be implemented as a network node, terminal, or UE with spectrum fusion capabilities. The main functions of a perception fusion node may include: receiving partial configuration related to perceived signals and perceived information feedback / reports and feedback types from the sensing signal fusion (SMF). The functions of a perception fusion node may include: indicating spectrum fusion and processing capabilities to the SMF. Furthermore, the functions of a perception fusion node may include: transmitting multiple low-bandwidth perceived signals to a perception measurement node on multiple frequency carriers. The functions of a perception fusion node may include: receiving multiple sets of perception measurement results as perceived information feedback and reporting content, including compressed multipath channel, average received power, and carrier phase measurement results, and associating them with multiple perceived signals transmitted on multiple frequency carriers. The functions of a perception fusion node may include: processing and spectrum fusing multiple sets of multipath channel, average received power, and carrier phase measurement results from multiple frequency carriers to calculate high-resolution and / or high-precision perception parameters. The responsibilities of a perception fusion node may include: transmitting the estimated perception parameters to the SMF.

[0092] The sensing measurement node can be implemented as a UE. Its main functions may include: receiving partial configuration related to sensing signals and sensing information feedback and feedback type from the SMF. The sensing measurement node may also include: indicating limited spectrum fusion and processing capabilities to the SMF. Furthermore, the sensing measurement node may include: receiving multiple low-bandwidth sensing signals on multiple frequency carriers. The sensing measurement node may also include: performing multiple sets of sensing measurements, including multipath channel, average received power, and carrier phase measurements, and associating them with multiple sensing signals transmitted on multiple frequency carriers. The sensing measurement node may also include: processing and compressing measurement vectors according to a predefined feedback / reporting method, and sending the acquired sensing information feedback / report to the sensing fusion node. Finally, the sensing measurement node may include: modulating multiple sensing signals using sensing information feedback and then sending multiple sensing signals to the sensing fusion node.

[0093] Some aspects of this invention relate to providing low-overhead, spectrally fused sensing information feedback to a sensing fusion node to achieve high-resolution and / or high-precision sensing parameter estimation at the sensing fusion node. A key component of the sensing information feedback is the execution of multiple compressed and processed multipath channel measurements on multiple frequency carriers at the sensing measurement node. The sensing measurement node can acquire multiple measurement vectors, a process corresponding to receiving multiple sensing signals on multiple frequency carriers. One method for acquiring high-resolution and / or high-precision sensing parameters involves spectrally fusing and interpolating these measurement vectors at the sensing measurement node (performed in the time or frequency domain if desired), estimating the relevant sensing parameters, and feeding them back to the SMF. However, not all sensing measurement nodes possess the capability to fuse and interpolate multiple measurements collected on multiple frequency carriers, thus hindering the acquisition of high-resolution and / or high-precision sensing parameters.

[0094] In situations where sensing measurement nodes lack the capability for measurement result fusion and interpolation, one approach involves the sensing measurement nodes estimating sensing parameters by independently processing measurement vectors. This results in low resolution and / or accuracy of the estimated sensing parameters. Another approach involves the sensing measurement nodes feeding back or reporting the measurement vectors as raw measurement vectors (i.e., after only simple and minimal signal processing such as quantization) to a sensing fusion node. The sensing fusion node then fuses and interpolates these measurement vectors to obtain high-resolution and / or high-precision sensing parameters. However, this approach can lead to significant feedback overhead when sending measurement vectors to the sensing fusion node, causing congestion in the communication / control channel from the sensing measurement node to the sensing fusion node and significantly reducing the spectral efficiency of the sensing system or network.

[0095] Some aspects of this application relate to providing a sensing fusion node with multiple low-overhead feedback multipath channel measurements, wherein the multiple multipath channel measurements are collected on multiple frequency carriers and jointly processed and compressed at the sensing measurement node. By receiving multiple sensing signals on multiple frequency carriers, the sensing measurement node acquires multiple measurement vectors, i.e. ,in, This represents the number of frequency carriers (equivalent to sensing signals). Each measurement vector includes multipath channel measurements associated with a low-bandwidth frequency carrier. Multiple measurement vectors are obtained. One approach is to demodulate and equalize multiple received sensing signals using information known about the transmitted sensing signals at the sensing measurement node. Multiple measurement vectors are then processed through a measurement function. Processing, generating post-processing vectors ,in, Before the sensing process, the measurement function is indicated to the sensing measurement node. Even using Pre-configure sensing measurement nodes. The purpose of defining a measurement function can be to reduce feedback overhead while ensuring that the output of the measurement function can be fused at the sensing fusion node. The measurement function can also be established by... The inter-functional relationships between mathematical expressions facilitate post-processing vectors. Joint compression. This reduces the overhead of feeding / reporting sensing information to the sensing fusion node. Another advantage of using measurement functions at the measurement sensing node is: It can be used as a transformation / projection function to project a measurement vector onto a sparse domain. This can also reduce the required feedback overhead. An example of a measurement function is: by transforming the measurement vector... Perform IFFT / FFT transformations (depending on the waveform of the sensed signal), i.e. Obtain the post-processing vector ,in, It is an FFT matrix.

[0096] Using a measurement function, the post-processed vector (i.e.) ) can be represented as ,in, Let it be a vector, which includes Provided relative to Differential sensing information contained therein. and To adjust the parameters. One option is to select the post-processing vector associated with the intermediate frequency (IF) carriers in the frequency carrier set (where the frequency carrier set is arranged in ascending order). One reason for this choice is that the measurement vector associated with the IF carriers is likely to have the highest correlation with other measurement vectors. Another option could be to select the post-processing vector associated with the first frequency carrier (where the frequency carrier set is arranged in ascending order). However, the mathematical relationships between the post-processing vectors can be expressed in an asymptotic manner, i.e. .

[0097] By analyzing OFDM systems over two-path channels, we can give... A simple example of expressing them as functions of each other. For in OFDM signals transmitted across the entire frequency band on subcarriers Its transmission time is The transmitted signal can be represented as: (1) in, This represents the QAM sensing pilot symbol to be transmitted, where B indicates the full bandwidth. .

[0098] Assume the impulse response of the two-path wireless channel is Then the full-band measurement vector (the full-band received vector after demodulation and equalization) (i.e. ) can be represented as: (2) In the case of sub-band processing (the proposed framework), only access is possible. A subset of all samples. For example, suppose the first measurement is at the coverage frequency. sub-band The first measurement was performed on the first frequency, and the second measurement was performed at the coverage frequency. sub-band If the measurement is performed on the above, then the sample of the first measurement corresponds to... The sample measured in the second measurement corresponds to ,in, .Then: (3) (4) To establish the post-processing vector The relationship between them is expressed using IFFT. .

[0099] The IFFT terms can be further calculated as follows:

[0100]

[0101] Similarly:

[0102] Now, suppose ,make , ,but and The relationship between them can be represented as: (6) (7) Therefore, post-processing vector They are the same basis vectors Complex linear combinations.

[0103] In order to identify The inclusion of relative to The difference information, It can be used The difference information is represented as follows:

[0104]

[0105]

[0106]

[0107] The key point is that, for vectors For all samples, item , , , All are constants. Definition , Then the above equation can be expressed as:

[0108] Random phase offsets can be added to the measurement results for each sub-band; these random phase offsets are expressed as follows: , can be with Merge, and obtain . The value can be estimated and compensated to obtain: .

[0109] on the other hand, Essentially, it is based on real latency The sinc(.) function centered on the sample size has sidelobes that depend on the number of samples. ) and through Scaling is performed. Including items that control the magnitude of additional items The amplitude depends on the distance between sub-bands ( )as well as .

[0110] Therefore, referring to the aforementioned generalized process, the first processing function Implemented by an N-point IFFT function, the vector to be compressed and fed back to the fusion node is... and and scalar values Here, the differential information vector , , In a broader sense, It can be represented as the sum of multiple basis vectors. and It has a non-unit value.

[0111] By analyzing a chirped sensing system on a two-path channel, we can give... Another simple example of expressing them as functions of each other. Using simple mathematical operations, the same formula can be obtained for a chirp-based sensing system as for an OFDM-based sensing system. To illustrate this, consider a two-path channel, where the transmitted signal has a chirp rate of... The frequency coverage range is The received signal at the sensing and measurement node for a single chirped signal of duration T can be expressed as:

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] when This formula holds true when... (i.e., the maximum delay spread of the channel), then the receiver can sample the received signal between 0 and T. During this time period, the received signal is multiplied by... :

[0115] At the Nyquist rate (i.e. )right Perform sampling:

[0116]

[0117] This equation matches (2) perfectly, differing only in the coefficients. These coefficients are obtained through... and Correlation occurs when the amplitudes are the same but there is a certain phase rotation. Therefore, when using Nyquist sampling, the detection formulas for OFDM and chirped signals are exactly the same. However, the key advantage of chirped signals is that they can sample signals at extremely low rates without losing information, because only a sampling rate higher than [previous value] is needed. (much smaller than B).

[0118] Therefore, as one aspect of the present invention, the post-processing vector is expressed as follows: ,wrong Instead of compressing, it is... (The post-processing vector associated with the reference frequency carrier) is compressed and... Compression is performed. This can be achieved by pre-configuring sensing measurement nodes to utilize a compression function (i.e., For all (remove (External) corresponding and Compress and generate , making (remove outside), Then, the sensing and measurement nodes will Together and This information is then fed back or reported to the perception fusion node. (And to all...) k corresponding Compared to compression, for all corresponding Compression can significantly reduce feedback overhead because, from an information theory perspective, all corresponding Includes less perceptual information, only differential perceptual information, while all corresponding It contains a large amount of redundant sensory information due to its high correlation. Compression function Detailed information can be included in the configuration message sent by SMF to the sensing and measurement nodes. Compression function One implementation method is to perform uniform sampling at a pre-configured sampling frequency, so that... include The samples. Another implementation is to use a pre-configured sampling frequency for non-uniform sampling. An example is... ,or , making ,in, Indicates the maximum peak amplitude. The configured step size parameter is defined. This example corresponds to the case of acquiring samples based on an amplitude threshold. The amplitude value can be on a regular scale or a dB scale. Additionally, the configuration parameter can include a cutoff threshold to control the compression process. .

[0119] Referring to the two-path channel example above, | The quantification of | involves the Figure 5 The weighted, noisy version of |sinc| shown is quantized (due to AWGN).

[0120] Because it is known that | The underlying shape of | allows for fine sampling and quantization of only certain portions, while coarse quantization is applied to the remainder. Therefore, referring to the generalized differential feedback process, the compression function in this example (i.e., the compression function here) This is a combined effect of absolute function, thresholding, sampling, and quantization. Therefore, the feedback information in this example is... + and .

[0121] Some aspects of this application relate to providing a sensing fusion node with multiple low-overhead feedback multipath channel measurement results and a second set of sensing signals, wherein the multiple multipath channel measurement results are collected on multiple frequency carriers based on a first set of sensing signals and processed at the sensing measurement node to partially analog-modulate the second set of sensing signals. In this multipath channel measurement feedback method, the sensing fusion node transmits the first set of sensing signals on multiple frequency carriers. The sensing measurement node calculates for all frequency carriers based on the above method. Then, the sensing and measurement nodes utilize all corresponding The second set of sensing signals is analog-modulated, wherein the second set of sensing signals is sent from the sensing measurement node to the sensing fusion node. For All values, For the second set of sensing signals Modulate a portion of the sensing signal associated with a frequency carrier, such as Figure 6 As shown.

[0122] Unmodulated The sensed signals can be used at the sense fusion node to perform a second set of multipath channel measurements. This second set of multipath channel measurements will eventually be spectrally fused with the first set of multipath channel measurements, including all k values. In, and embedded in the In the second part (modulated part) of the first set of sensing signals. The second set of sensing signals can be transmitted on a different set of frequency carriers than the first set of frequency carriers, so as to perform spectral fusion of the multipath measurement results associated with the first set of frequency carriers and the multipath measurement results associated with the second set of frequency carriers at the sensing fusion node. Given the bidirectional channel reciprocity condition between the sensing measurement node and the sensing fusion node and its associated sensing parameters, the receiver structure for detecting the second set of sensing signals can be implemented in the following way: First, for the second set of sensing signals, the first... The unmodulated portion of each sensed signal is processed to obtain all The corresponding second measurement vector Then, using the second set of sensing signals... The modulated portion of the sensed signal (via Modulation), based on Obtaining known information .

[0123] In some embodiments of the present invention, a linear frequency modulated (LFM) (also known as a chirped) signal can be used to modulate the multipath channel measurement results. In this case, the unmodulated signal can be represented as: , in, Indicates the initial frequency. This represents the chirp slope. Both of these parameters are configuration parameters and can be assigned to the sensing and measurement nodes. The modulated signal can be represented as:

[0124] in, The time-domain sample is The function, It is a vector The l-th element in It is a vector Length, .

[0125] At the perception fusion node, the first step is to obtain the perception signal. A rough estimate of the channel multipath components is obtained from the unmodulated portion of the signal, and this estimate can then be used to analyze the signal. The modulated portion is equalized in order to estimate the sample. .

[0126] The second major component of the sensing information feedback enables spectral fusion at the sensing fusion node, where the sensing information feedback collected on multiple frequency carriers is used. This component includes multiple carrier phase measurements at the sensing measurement node and multiple carrier phase feedbacks associated with these measurements at the sensing fusion node. Each multipath channel measurement, whether at the sensing measurement node or the sensing fusion node, belongs to a different frequency carrier and experiences a different phase. Therefore, due to hardware limitations and constraints, phase drift occurs between different sensing carriers. To ensure coherent superposition of the multipath channel measurements collected on multiple frequency carriers at the sensing fusion node, multiple phase shifts / drifts associated with the multiple frequency carriers must be measured at the sensing measurement node, and the results fed back to the sensing fusion measurement node. One way to achieve this is by using a phase tracking reference signal associated with each frequency carrier (equivalent to associated with each sensing signal), such as a carrier fusion phase tracking reference (CF-PTRS). These CF-PTRS can accompany the sensing signal itself or be based on a specific carrier fusion phase tracking reference. Sensing measurement nodes can feed back / report phase difference, which refers to the phase difference carried on the reference carrier (e.g., The reported relative phase (RSRPh) is the difference between the average phase of the received signal on a resource unit of a sensing signal received on another carrier and the average phase of the received signal on a resource unit of a sensing signal carried on another carrier. This can be called the received signal relative phase (RSRPh) measurement. The reported RSRPh can be quantized according to a predefined phase quantization codebook and fed back to the sensing fusion node. In some embodiments, the reported RSRPh can be modulated in an analog manner and sent to the sensing fusion node.

[0127] refer to Figure 7 The signal flow diagram illustrates the flow of information, sensed signals, and feedback associated with various aspects of this application.

[0128] The signaling flow can begin as an SMF initiation, optionally retrieving some sensing-fusion capability reports from the sensing measurement and fusion nodes. These capability reports may include the ability to transmit / receive on multiple bandwidth portions and frequency carriers, maximum supported bandwidth, dynamic range, ability to perform time / frequency and phase measurements, and fusion processing capabilities. The SMF then sends downlink (from the sensing fusion node to the sensing measurement node) sensing signal configuration and resource allocation (and, if necessary, uplink sensing signals from the sensing measurement node to the sensing fusion node) to the sensing measurement and fusion nodes. Note that describing the SMF's "transmit / receive" configuration may not be rigorous if the SMF is a logical entity. Instead, the configuration can be sent by a physical entity, such as the sensing fusion node or other network nodes (e.g., TRP). It is further worth noting that sending configuration parameters to the sensing fusion node can be achieved via Xn signaling, as configuration transmission can be viewed as "backhaul signaling" distinct from access signaling. Some configuration parameters may be related to the type of sensing information feedback method, which could be differential feedback or modulation feedback. Sending sensing configuration parameters can be achieved via control signaling (e.g., RRC or MAC-CE). Based on the configuration parameters indicated by the SMF, the sensing fusion node transmits multiple sensing signals on multiple frequency carriers.

[0129] Subsequently, the sensing measurement node performs multiple multipath channel measurements, applying measurement and compression functions to generate... (Applicable to) (all values), and perform multiple carrier phase measurements. Then, the sensing measurement node can directly... (Applicable to) All values ​​of the multipath channel measurements (including the carrier phase measurements) are fed back to the sensing fusion node along with the carrier phase measurements, or they can be embedded into the second sensing signal set. Based on the received multiple multipath channel measurements and carrier phase measurements, the sensing fusion node performs coherent fusion of the multiple multipath channel measurements to obtain high-resolution sensing parameters, which are then sent to the SMF.

[0130] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of the steps of a method 800 according to some embodiments of the present invention. Method 800 optionally begins with receiving a spectrum fusion capability report (step 802). In step 804, the method includes: transmitting a first parameter and a second parameter. In step 806, the method includes: transmitting a sensing signal. In step 808, the method includes: receiving a signal, wherein the signal is generated based on the second parameter and on two or more measurements performed according to the first parameter, the signal including two or more spectrum-fusionable measurements performed at two or more frequencies. In step 810, the method optionally includes: receiving a modulated signal, wherein the modulated signal is obtained by modulating two or more measurements.

[0131] Figure 9 This is a flowchart of the steps of a method 900 according to some embodiments of the present invention. Method 900 optionally begins by sending a spectrum fusion capability report (step 902). In step 904, the method includes receiving a first parameter and a second parameter. In step 906, the method includes receiving a sensed signal. In step 908, the method includes projecting the sensed signal into a domain to perform two or more measurements according to the first parameter. In step 910, the method includes generating a signal based on the two or more measurements according to the second parameter, wherein the signal includes two or more spectrum-fusionable measurements at two or more frequencies. In step 912, the method includes transmitting the signal. In step 914, the method optionally includes modulating the two or more measurements into a modulated signal and transmitting the modulated signal.

[0132] This invention includes various embodiments, not only method embodiments but also other embodiments, such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments involving non-transitory computer-readable storage media. Embodiments may be combined individually or in combination with the features disclosed herein.

[0133] Although the present invention has referenced illustrative embodiments, it is not intended to be interpreted in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the invention, will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reference to this specification.

[0134] Additionally or alternatively, features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiment may be implemented in other embodiments. For example, method embodiments may be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. Furthermore, although embodiments have been described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are contemplated, such as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media. Such media may store programs or instructions to perform any of the methods consistent with the present invention.

Claims

1. A method, characterized in that, include: Receive the first and second parameters; Receive sensing signals; The sensed signal is projected onto a domain to perform two or more measurements based on the first parameter; Based on the second parameter, a signal is generated based on the two or more measurements, wherein the signal includes two or more spectrally fusionable measurements at two or more frequencies; Send the signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Send a spectrum fusion capability report.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The two or more measurements are embedded in the signal.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The two or more measurements include measuring the average power corresponding to different frequency bandwidths.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The two or more measurements include spectrum fusion carrier phase measurements.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters for uniform sampling using the configured sampling frequency.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters for using the configured sampling frequency for non-uniform sampling.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters used to measure the sample amplitude.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters used to measure the real and imaginary parts of the sample.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The second parameter is used for pre-configuration quantization.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, The second parameter includes a cutoff threshold.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The sensing signal is received on a sub-frequency band.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that, The sensing signal is received on two or more sub-bands.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that, Also includes: The two or more measurements are modulated to obtain a modulated signal; The modulated signal is transmitted.

15. A method, characterized in that, include: Send the first and second parameters; Send sensing signals; A received signal, wherein the signal is generated based on the second parameter and on two or more measurements performed based on the first parameter, the signal including two or more spectrally fusionable measurements performed at two or more frequencies.

16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that, Also includes: Receive spectrum fusion capability report.

17. The method according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The two or more spectral measurements can be fused and embedded in the signal.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, characterized in that, The two or more measurements include measuring the average power corresponding to different frequency bandwidths.

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, characterized in that, The two or more measurements include spectrum fusion carrier phase measurements.

20. The method according to claims 15 to 19, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters for uniform sampling using the configured sampling frequency.

21. The method according to claims 15 to 19, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters for using the configured sampling frequency for non-uniform sampling.

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters used to measure the sample amplitude.

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, characterized in that, The second parameter includes parameters used to measure the real and imaginary parts of the sample.

24. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 23, characterized in that, The second parameter is used for pre-configuration quantization.

25. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 24, characterized in that, The second parameter includes a cutoff threshold.

26. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that, The sensing signal is transmitted on a sub-frequency band.

27. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 25, characterized in that, The sensing signal is transmitted on two or more sub-bands.

28. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 27, characterized in that, Also includes: Receive a modulated signal, wherein the modulated signal is obtained by modulating two or more measurements.

29. An apparatus, characterized in that, include: A processor for causing the apparatus to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

30. A device with one or more circuits, characterized in that, The one or more circuits are used to cause the device to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

31. One or more non-transitory computer-readable storage devices, characterized in that, Includes instructions, wherein when the program is executed by a computer, the device performs the method according to any one of claims 1 to 28.

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