Planting method of dioscorea opposita

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting method of dioscorea opposita thunb. Firstly, the ground is leveled, drilling is conducted downwards in the direction perpendicular to the ground, and a hole is obtained; the holes are filled with composite mineral materials, and filled holes are obtained; seed potatoes of the dioscorea opposita thunb are sown in the filling holes; performing field management until the dioscorea opposita is harvested. The dioscorea opposita planted by the method does not need to add a soil pesticide before termination, is environment-friendly and has no pesticide residue, and the dioscorea opposita planted by the method has a certain effect of preventing and controlling soil pests by adopting the combination of ginger stones and calcined serpentine as a filler for potato seed sowing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting technology, specifically relating to a method for planting Chinese yam. Background Technology

[0002] Dioscorea opposita, also known as Chinese yam, is a twining herbaceous vine belonging to the Dioscoreaceae family and the Dioscorea genus. Its tubers are oblong-cylindrical, growing vertically and reaching over 1 meter in length; the dried section is white. The stems are typically purplish-red, dextral, and hairless. It grows mostly in shady mountainous areas and has medicinal uses; it has a pleasant taste.

[0003] In the cultivation of Chinese yam, pests and diseases are the main factors affecting the final yield. Therefore, growers need to frequently apply pesticides to avoid impacting economic benefits. Currently, the main method for controlling above-ground pests and diseases in Chinese yam is spraying pesticides, which results in large amounts of pesticide residues and reduces the safety of the yams. Underground pests of Chinese yam include grubs, cutworms, and wireworms. These pests damage the yams, rendering them unsellable and causing significant economic losses. Controlling these pests requires adding soil-specific pesticides such as Shennongdan to the soil before planting, further exacerbating the pesticide residue problem.

[0004] One step in planting Chinese yam involves drilling holes and filling them with filler. Currently, materials such as maifanite, vermiculite, rice husks, sawdust, and peanut shell powder are commonly used to provide the seed potatoes with the loose environment and nutrients needed for germination. However, these fillers can also easily attract grubs, cutworms, wireworms, etc., causing the seed potatoes to be damaged before they grow into plants, resulting in plant death or deformed growth and affecting yield. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating Chinese yam.

[0006] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) Level the ground and drill holes downwards in a direction perpendicular to the ground to obtain a cavity; (2) The composite mineral material is filled into the cavity to obtain a filled cavity; (3) Plant the seed potatoes of the Chinese yam in the filling holes; (4) Conduct field management until the yam is harvested.

[0007] The spacing between holes in each row is 15-20cm, the diameter of each hole is 5-10cm, and the depth of each hole is 1.2-2m.

[0008] The composite mineral material is a mixture of ginger stone and calcined serpentine in a mass ratio of 5:1; the ginger stone is crushed into fragments with a particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm, and the calcined serpentine is 60-80 mesh powder.

[0009] The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: Take 80-120 parts of serpentine, 40-60 parts of limestone, 1-3 parts of aluminum ash, and 1-3 parts of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into a kiln, calcining them at 1000-1500℃ for 1-3 hours. After discharge, send them to a vertical mill and select 60-80 mesh powder material after vertical milling.

[0010] The seed potatoes of the Chinese yam are 6-9cm in length. Before planting, the seed potatoes are soaked in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 8-12 minutes.

[0011] The abamectin emulsifiable concentrate contains 5% abamectin by mass concentration and is diluted 100 times.

[0012] The field management includes setting up trellises, which are made of bamboo poles or wire mesh, with a height of 1.5-2.0m.

[0013] The field management includes weeding. After the trellis is erected, spray 120 ml / mu of 90% acetochlor diluted in 40 kg of water on the ridge surface.

[0014] The field management includes topdressing. After the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing should begin in mid-to-late June. The topdressing requires a compound fertilizer of 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, and 5wt% phosphorus, applied every 30 days at a rate of 20kg / mu each time, until mid-to-late September.

[0015] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the yam planted by the method of the present invention does not require the addition of soil pesticides before termination, which is environmentally friendly and leaves no pesticide residues. The combination of ginger stone and calcined serpentine as filler for seed potato planting has a certain effect on preventing and controlling soil pests. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more comprehensive description will be given below. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention. Example 1

[0017] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) In April, the ground was leveled and holes were drilled vertically downwards to obtain holes; the spacing between each row of holes was 18cm, the diameter of each hole was 7cm, and the depth of each hole was 1.5m. (2) The composite mineral material is filled into the cavity to obtain the filled cavity; the composite mineral material is a mixture of ginger stone and calcined serpentine mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1; the ginger stone is crushed into fragments with a particle size of 2.0 mm, and the calcined serpentine is 70 mesh powder; The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: take 100 parts of serpentine, 50 parts of limestone, 2 parts of aluminum ash and 2 parts of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into the kiln, calcin at 120℃ for 2 hours, and after discharge, send them to the vertical mill. After vertical milling, select 70 mesh powder material. (3) Plant the seed potatoes of Chinese yam in the filling holes; the seed potatoes of Chinese yam are 7cm long. Before planting, soak the seed potatoes in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 10 minutes; the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate has a mass concentration of 5% and is diluted 100 times. (4) Conduct field management until the harvest of yam; the field management includes setting up a frame, the frame material is bamboo poles or wire mesh, the frame height is 1.8m; weeding, after the frame is set up, spray with 90% acetochlor 120ml / mu diluted with 40kg of water on the ridge surface; topdressing, after the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing begins from mid to late June, the topdressing requires 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, 5wt% phosphorus compound fertilizer, topdressing once every 30 days, each time topdressing 20kg / mu, until mid to late September. Example 2

[0018] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) In April, the ground was leveled and holes were drilled vertically downwards to obtain holes; the spacing between each row of holes was 16cm, the diameter of each hole was 5cm, and the depth of each hole was 1.2m. (2) The composite mineral material is filled into the cavity to obtain the filled cavity; the composite mineral material is a mixture of ginger stone and calcined serpentine mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1; the ginger stone is crushed into fragments with a particle size of 1 mm, and the calcined serpentine is 80 mesh powder; The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: Take 80 parts of serpentine, 40 parts of limestone, 1 part of aluminum ash and 1 part of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into the kiln, calcin at 1000℃ for 3 hours, and send the material to the vertical mill after discharge. After vertical milling, select 80 mesh powder material. (3) Plant the seed potatoes of Chinese yam in the filling holes; the seed potatoes of Chinese yam are 6cm long, and before planting, the seed potatoes are soaked in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 8 minutes; the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate has a mass concentration of 5% and is diluted 100 times. (4) Conduct field management until the harvest of yam; the field management includes setting up a frame, the frame material is bamboo poles or wire mesh, the frame height is 1.8m; weeding, after the frame is set up, spray with 90% acetochlor 120ml / mu diluted with 40kg of water on the ridge surface; topdressing, after the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing begins from mid to late June, the topdressing requires 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, 5wt% phosphorus compound fertilizer, topdressing once every 30 days, each time topdressing 20kg / mu, until mid to late September. Example 3

[0019] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) In April, the ground is leveled and holes are drilled vertically downwards to obtain holes; the spacing between each row of holes is 20cm, the diameter of each hole is 10cm, and the depth of each hole is 2m. (2) The composite mineral material is filled into the cavity to obtain the filled cavity; the composite mineral material is a mixture of ginger stone and calcined serpentine mixed in a mass ratio of 5:1; the ginger stone is crushed into fragments with a particle size of 3.0 mm, and the calcined serpentine is 80 mesh powder; The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: take 120 parts of serpentine, 60 parts of limestone, 3 parts of aluminum ash and 3 parts of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into the kiln, calcin at 1500℃ for 3 hours, and send the discharged material into a vertical mill. After vertical milling, 80 mesh powder material is selected. (3) Plant the seed potatoes of Chinese yam in the filling holes; the seed potatoes of Chinese yam are 9cm long. Before planting, soak the seed potatoes in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 12 minutes; the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate has a mass concentration of 5% and is diluted 100 times. (4) Conduct field management until the harvest of yam; the field management includes setting up a frame, the frame material is bamboo poles or wire mesh, the frame height is 1.8m; weeding, after the frame is set up, spray with 90% acetochlor 120ml / mu diluted with 40kg of water on the ridge surface; topdressing, after the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing begins from mid to late June, the topdressing requires 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, 5wt% phosphorus compound fertilizer, topdressing once every 30 days, each time topdressing 20kg / mu, until mid to late September. Comparative Example 1

[0020] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) In April, the ground was leveled and holes were drilled vertically downwards to obtain holes; the spacing between each row of holes was 18cm, the diameter of each hole was 7cm, and the depth of each hole was 1.5m. (2) Fill the cavity with ginger stone to obtain a filled cavity; crush the ginger stone into pieces with a particle size of 2.0 mm; (3) Plant the seed potatoes of Chinese yam in the filling holes; the seed potatoes of Chinese yam are 7cm long. Before planting, soak the seed potatoes in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 10 minutes; the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate has a mass concentration of 5% and is diluted 100 times. (4) Conduct field management until the harvest of yam; the field management includes setting up a frame, the frame material is bamboo poles or wire mesh, the frame height is 1.8m; weeding, after the frame is set up, spray with 90% acetochlor 120ml / mu diluted with 40kg of water on the ridge surface; topdressing, after the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing begins from mid to late June, the topdressing requires 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, 5wt% phosphorus compound fertilizer, topdressing once every 30 days, each time topdressing 20kg / mu, until mid to late September. Comparative Example 2

[0021] A method for cultivating Chinese yam, following these steps: (1) In April, the ground was leveled and holes were drilled vertically downwards to obtain holes; the spacing between each row of holes was 18cm, the diameter of each hole was 7cm, and the depth of each hole was 1.5m. (2) The calcined serpentine is filled into the cavity to obtain a filled cavity; the calcined serpentine is 70 mesh powder; The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: take 100 parts of serpentine, 50 parts of limestone, 2 parts of aluminum ash and 2 parts of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into the kiln, calcin at 120℃ for 2 hours, and after discharge, send them to the vertical mill. After vertical milling, select 70 mesh powder material. (3) Plant the seed potatoes of Chinese yam in the filling holes; the seed potatoes of Chinese yam are 7cm long. Before planting, soak the seed potatoes in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 10 minutes; the abamectin emulsifiable concentrate has a mass concentration of 5% and is diluted 100 times. (4) Conduct field management until the harvest of yam; the field management includes setting up a frame, the frame material is bamboo poles or wire mesh, the frame height is 1.8m; weeding, after the frame is set up, spray with 90% acetochlor 120ml / mu diluted with 40kg of water on the ridge surface; topdressing, after the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing begins from mid to late June, the topdressing requires 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, 5wt% phosphorus compound fertilizer, topdressing once every 30 days, each time topdressing 20kg / mu, until mid to late September. Experimental Example

[0022] The experiment was conducted at a farm in Xushui, Baoding. Yam plants were planted using the methods of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2. 100 plants were planted in each group, and 5 groups were planted in each example. After planting, 30 grub larvae of the same size were released into each yam plantation. The emergence rate was counted after one month. The yam was harvested on September 15 and the yield (kg / mu) was counted.

[0023] SPSS 24.0 software was used for statistical analysis. The results of the measurement data were expressed as x ± s (mean ± standard deviation). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to test the normality of the data. For data that conformed to normal distribution, the t-test was used to compare the differences in means between the two groups. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

[0024] The measurement results are shown in Table 1: Table 1

[0025] Note: * indicates P<0.05 compared to Example 1 group.

[0026] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating Chinese yam, characterized in that, Follow these steps: (1) Level the ground and drill holes downwards in a direction perpendicular to the ground to obtain a cavity; (2) The composite mineral material is filled into the cavity to obtain a filled cavity; (3) Plant the seed potatoes of the Chinese yam in the filling holes; (4) Conduct field management until the yam is harvested.

2. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between holes in each row is 15-20cm, the diameter of each hole is 5-10cm, and the depth of each hole is 1.2-2m.

3. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite mineral material is a mixture of ginger stone and calcined serpentine in a mass ratio of 5:1; the ginger stone is crushed into fragments with a particle size of 0.5-3.0 mm, and the calcined serpentine is 60-80 mesh powder.

4. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the calcined serpentine is as follows: Take 80-120 parts of serpentine, 40-60 parts of limestone, 1-3 parts of aluminum ash, and 1-3 parts of iron filings according to the weight ratio, mix them evenly and put them into a kiln, calcining them at 1000-1500℃ for 1-3 hours. After discharge, send them to a vertical mill and select 60-80 mesh powder material after vertical milling.

5. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The seed potatoes of the Chinese yam are 6-9cm in length. Before planting, the seed potatoes are soaked in a diluted solution of abamectin emulsifiable concentrate for 8-12 minutes.

6. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 5, characterized in that, The abamectin emulsifiable concentrate contains 5% abamectin by mass concentration and is diluted 100 times.

7. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management includes setting up trellises, which are made of bamboo poles or wire mesh, with a height of 1.5-2.0m.

8. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management includes weeding. After the trellis is erected, spray 120 ml / mu of 90% acetochlor diluted in 40 kg of water on the ridge surface.

9. The method for cultivating Chinese yam according to claim 1, characterized in that, The field management includes topdressing. After the seedlings emerge uniformly, topdressing should begin in mid-to-late June. The topdressing requires a compound fertilizer of 20wt% nitrogen, 15wt% potassium, and 5wt% phosphorus, applied every 30 days at a rate of 20kg / mu each time, until mid-to-late September.

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