Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure is characterized by being provided with: a transmission unit that transmits a media access control element (MAC CE) that includes information indicating a target cell to which a cell is to be switched; and a control unit that switches a serving cell with respect to the target cell. According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately perform cell handover.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems. Background Technology

[0002] In Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was standardized with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was standardized with the aim of further increasing capacity and improving the height of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] The study also explored subsequent systems to LTE (e.g., also known as the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+, the 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel.15 and later, etc.).

[0004] Existing technical documents

[0005] Non-patent literature

[0006] Non-patent document 1: 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010 Summary of the Invention

[0007] The problem that the invention aims to solve

[0008] In future wireless communication systems, research is underway on the use of L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) as defined in Rel. 18 when terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) move between cells. Research is also underway on sending a cell handover command using MAC CE from the base station (gNB) to the UE during cell handover (serving cell handover) in LTM.

[0009] However, base stations may need time to determine whether cell handover is necessary. Alternatively, if the TCI state of the target cell (candidate cell) for handover is not activated beforehand, the handover may also take time. Therefore, cell handover cannot be performed quickly, raising concerns about reduced communication throughput during handover.

[0010] Therefore, one of the purposes of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, wireless communication method, and base station capable of performing appropriate cell handover.

[0011] Methods for solving problems

[0012] The terminal involved in one aspect of this disclosure is characterized by having: a transmitting unit that transmits a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, the MAC CE containing information indicating a target cell for cell handover; and a control unit that, for the target cell, hands over the serving cell.

[0013] Invention Effects

[0014] According to one method disclosed herein, cell handover can be performed appropriately. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a diagram representing an example of LTM being studied in Rel.18.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a diagram representing the UE-base station (gNB) processing in LTM in Rel.18.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating the earlier DL synchronization process between UEs and base stations (gNBs) in Rel.18.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a diagram illustrating the earlier UL synchronization process between UE and base station (gNB) in LTM in Rel.18.

[0019] Figure 5This is a graph representing the characteristics of CHO, DAPS, and Rel.18 LTM (R18 LTM).

[0020] Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating an example of UE movement within an urban area. Figure 6B It means and Figure 6A The corresponding L1-RSRP transition diagrams for PCI#1 and PCI#3.

[0021] Figure 7A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE traveling through a tunnel. Figure 7B It means and Figure 7A The corresponding L1-RSRP transition diagrams for PCI#1 and PCI#3.

[0022] Figure 8A This diagram illustrates an example of a UE moving between small groups of low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Figure 8B It means and Figure 8A The corresponding L1-RSRP transition diagrams for PCI#1 and PCI#3.

[0023] Figure 9 This is a diagram representing the structure of the activation / deactivation MAC CE of the unified TCI state in Rel.17.

[0024] Figure 10 This is a diagram representing an example of a Type 1 MAC CE.

[0025] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE oriented to type 2 (type 2-1 / 2-2).

[0026] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam reporting using a MAC CE.

[0027] Figure 13A and Figure 13B It is a graph showing the difference between the current beam and the measured value.

[0028] Figure 14A and Figure 14B This is a diagram showing the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands with TCI status ID in the first embodiment.

[0029] Figure 15A and Figure 15B This is a diagram showing the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands with RS ID in the first embodiment.

[0030] Figure 16A and Figure 16BThis is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE used for a UL cell handover command with TCI status ID and L1-RSRP in the first embodiment.

[0031] Figure 17A and Figure 17B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE for a UL cell handover command with RS ID and L1-RSRP in the first embodiment.

[0032] Figure 18A and Figure 18B This is a diagram illustrating the first example of a MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment.

[0033] Figure 19A and Figure 19B This is a diagram illustrating a second example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment.

[0034] Figure 20A and Figure 20B This is a diagram illustrating a third example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment.

[0035] Figure 21A and Figure 21B This is a diagram illustrating the fourth example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment.

[0036] Figure 22A This is a diagram of the first example of MAC CE in representation 4-1. Figure 22B This is a diagram of the second example of MAC CE in representation 4-1.

[0037] Figure 23A This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE for option 1 of mode 4-2. Figure 23B This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE for option 2 of mode 4-2.

[0038] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE in mode 4-3.

[0039] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of MAC CE representing option 1-1 of mode 5-2.

[0040] Figure 26A and Figure 26B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of MAC CE representing option 1-2 of mode 5-2.

[0041] Figure 27A and Figure 27B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of MAC CE representing option 2 of mode 5-2.

[0042] Figure 28 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment.

[0043] Figure 29 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment.

[0044] Figure 30 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0045] Figure 31 This is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment.

[0046] Figure 32 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0047] (Report settings (ReportConfigNR))

[0048] The ReportConfigNR information element for RRC specifies the triggering criteria for NR measurement report events, CHO, Conditional PSCell Addition (CPA) events, Conditional PSCell Change (CPC) events, or Layer 2 UE-to-Network (L2U2N) relay measurement report events. In the case of events labeled as AN (N is 1 or 2) as follows, the measurement report event, as well as the CHO, CPA, and CPC events, are based on the measurement results of the cell derived from the SS / PBCH block or CSI-RS. Additionally, serving, neighboring, and primary cell (PCell) / primary secondary cell (PSCell) can also be rewritten as the measurement results of the serving cell, neighboring cell, and PCell / PSCell (L1-RSRP / L1-SINR, etc.).

[0049] Event A1: The service becomes better than the absolute threshold.

[0050] Event A2: The service becomes worse than the absolute threshold.

[0051] Event A3: The adjacent offset becomes better than PCell / PSCell.

[0052] Event A4: Adjacency becomes better than the absolute threshold.

[0053] Event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold 1, and adjacent / SCell becomes better than other absolute thresholds 2.

[0054] Event A6: The offset of a neighboring cell becomes larger than that of the SCell.

[0055] Event D1: The distance between the UE and the reference location (referenceLocation1) becomes greater than the set threshold (distanceThreshFromReference1), and the distance between the UE and the reference location (referenceLocation2) becomes less than the set threshold (distanceThreshFromReference2).

[0056] Conditional event A3: Conditional reset of candidate offset becomes better than PCell / PSCell.

[0057] Conditional event A4: Conditional reset of the candidate becomes better than the absolute threshold.

[0058] Conditional event A5: PCell / PSCell becomes worse than absolute threshold 1, and the conditional reset candidate becomes better than other absolute thresholds 2.

[0059] Conditional event D1: The distance between the UE and the reference location (referenceLocation1) becomes greater than the set threshold (distanceThreshFromReference1), and the distance between the UE and the reference location (referenceLocation2) of the conditional reconstruction candidate becomes less than the set threshold (distanceThreshFromReference2).

[0060] Conditional event T1: The time measured in the UE exceeds the set threshold t1-Threshold, but is less than t1-Threshold+duration.

[0061] Event X1: The UE serving L2U2N relay becomes worse than absolute threshold 1, and the NR cell becomes better than other absolute thresholds 2.

[0062] Event X2: The UE serving the L2U2N relay becomes worse than the absolute threshold.

[0063] Regarding event I1, the measurement report event is based on Cross Link Interference (CLI) measurement results, which are derived from SRS-RSRP or CLI-RSSI.

[0064] Event I1: The interference becomes higher than the absolute threshold.

[0065] <Event A1>

[0066] Event A1 indicates that the service has become better than the threshold. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the entering condition for this event when condition A1-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the leaving condition for this event when condition A1-2 is met.

[0067] · Condition A1-1

[0068] Ms-Hys>Thresh

[0069] · Condition A1-2

[0070] Ms+Hys <Thresh

[0071] The variables in the equations for conditions A1-1 and A1-2 above are defined as follows.

[0072] Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, without considering offset.

[0073] Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter defined in the report configuration information (reportConfigNR) used for this event).

[0074] Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (a1-Threshold) defined in the report settings information (reportConfigNR) used for this event).

[0075] • The unit of Ms is dBm in the case of RSRP, and dB in the cases of RSRQ and RS-SINR.

[0076] Hys is represented in dB.

[0077] Thresh is used in the same units as Ms.

[0078] <Event A2>

[0079] Event A2 indicates that the service (measurement result of the serving cell) becomes worse than the threshold. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition A2-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when condition A2-2 is met. The meanings of the variables in each condition are the same as those in A1 above.

[0080] • Condition A2-1

[0081] Ms+Hys <Thresh

[0082] • Condition A2-2

[0083] Ms-Hys>Thresh

[0084] <Event A3>

[0085] Event A3 indicates that, considering the offset, the neighboring cell (measurement results of the neighboring cell) becomes better than SpCell. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition A3-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when condition A3-2 is met.

[0086] · Condition A3-1

[0087] Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off

[0088] · Condition A3-2

[0089] Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Mp+Ofp+Ocp+Off

[0090] The variables in the equations of conditions A3-1 and A3-2 above are defined as follows.

[0091] • Mn is the measurement result of neighboring cells, without considering offset.

[0092] • Ofn is the object-specific offset of the reference signal of the neighboring cell (i.e., the parameter (offsetMO) defined in the setting information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the neighboring cell).

[0093] • Ocn is the cell-specific offset of the neighboring cell (i.e., a parameter (cellIndividualOffset) defined in the setting information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the frequency of the neighboring cell), and is set to zero if it is not set for the neighboring cell.

[0094] • Mp is the measurement result from SpCell, without considering offset.

[0095] • Ofp is the object-specific offset of the SpCell (a parameter (offsetMO) defined in the settings information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the SpCell).

[0096] • Ocp is the cell-specific offset of the SpCell (a parameter defined in the configuration information (measObjectNR) corresponding to the SpCell, which is set to zero if it is not set for the SpCell).

[0097] Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) for this event).

[0098] • Off is the offset parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (a3-Offset) defined within the settings (reportConfigNR) for this event).

[0099] • Mn and Mp are units of RSRP, expressed in dBm; RSRQ and RS-SINR are units of dB.

[0100] • The units for Ofn, Ocn, Ofp, Ocp, Hys, and Off are dB.

[0101] <Event A4>

[0102] Event A4 indicates that the proximity (measurement results of neighboring cells) has improved beyond a threshold. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition A4-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition when condition A4-2 is met. The meanings of the variables in each condition are the same as those in event A3 above.

[0103] • Condition A4-1

[0104] Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh

[0105] • Condition A4-2

[0106] Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Thresh

[0107] <Event A5>

[0108] Event A5 indicates that SpCell (the measurement result of SpCell) becomes worse than threshold 1, and the neighbor (the measurement result of neighboring cells) becomes better than threshold 2. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when both conditions A5-1 and A5-2 are met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when at least one of conditions A5-3 or A5-4 is met. Thresh1 and Thresh2 are the thresholds for this event. The unit of Thresh1 is the same as MP, and the unit of Thresh2 is the same as Mn. The meanings of other variables are the same as those for the variables in event A3 above.

[0109] • Condition A5-1

[0110] Mp+Hys <Thresh1

[0111] • Condition A5-2

[0112] Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh2

[0113] • Condition A5-3

[0114] Mp-Hys>Thresh1

[0115] • Condition A5-4

[0116] Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Thresh2

[0117] <Event A6>

[0118] Event A6 indicates that, considering the offset, the neighboring cell's measurement results become better than the SCell's measurement results. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition A6-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when condition A6-2 is met.

[0119] • Condition A6-1

[0120] Mn+Ocn-Hys>Ms+Ocs+Off

[0121] • Condition A6-2

[0122] Mn+Ocn+Hys <Ms+Ocs+Off

[0123] In this measurement, the secondary cell (SCell) corresponding to the setting (measObjectNR) associated with the event is considered the serving cell. Furthermore, the reference signal of the neighboring cell and the SCell reference signal are jointly indicated in the associated setting (measObjectNR). The variables in the equations of conditions A6-1 and A6-2 above are defined as follows. The meanings of the other variables are the same as those for event A3 above.

[0124] Ms is the measurement result of the serving cell, without considering offset.

[0125] • Ocs is the cell-specific offset of the serving cell (i.e., cellIndividualOffset defined within the associated settings (measObjectNR)), which is set to zero if it is not set for the serving cell.

[0126] <Event B1>

[0127] Event B1 indicates that the neighboring cells (measurements of the neighboring cells) between Radio Access Technologies (RATs) have become better than a threshold. For example, if the serving cell's RAT is LTE (or NR / 5G), the neighboring cells between RATs can also be NR / 5G (or LTE) cells. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition B1-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when condition B1-2 is met.

[0128] • Condition B1-1

[0129] Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh

[0130] • Condition B1-2

[0131] Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Thresh

[0132] • Mn is the measurement result of adjacent cells between RATs without considering offset.

[0133] • Ofn is the measurement object-specific offset of the frequency of adjacent cells between RATs (i.e., the parameter (utra-Q-OffsetRange) defined in the setting information (measObjectEUTRA) corresponding to the frequency of adjacent inter-RAT cells, and the parameter (utra-FDD-Q-OffsetRange) defined in the setting information (measObjectUTRA-FDD) corresponding to the frequency of adjacent inter-RAT cells).

[0134] • Ocn is the cell-specific offset of adjacent cells in RATs (i.e., the parameter (cellIndividualOffset) defined in the setting information (measObjectEUTRA) corresponding to the adjacent inter-RAT cell), which is set to 0 if it is not set for the adjacent cell.

[0135] Hys is the hysteresis parameter of the event (i.e., the parameter (hysteresis) defined in the event's configuration information (reportConfigInterRAT)).

[0136] Thresh represents the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter defined in the event's settings (reportConfigInterRAT) (b1-ThresholdEUTRA), and the parameter defined with respect to UTRA-FDD (b1-ThresholdUTRA-FDD)).

[0137] • The unit of Mn is applied as dBm or dB based on the measurement of adjacent cells between RATs.

[0138] • The units for Ofn, Ocn, and Hys are dB.

[0139] Thresh uses the same units as Mn.

[0140] <Event B2>

[0141] Event B2 indicates that the PCell (the measurement result of the PCell) becomes worse than threshold 1, and the inter-RAT neighboring cell (the measurement result of the neighboring cell) becomes better than threshold 2. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when both conditions B2-1 and B2-2 are met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when at least one of conditions B2-3 or B2-4 is met.

[0142] • Condition B2-1

[0143] Mp+Hys <Thresh1

[0144] • Condition B2-2

[0145] Mn+Ofn+Ocn-Hys>Thresh2

[0146] • Condition B2-3

[0147] Mp-Hys>Thresh1

[0148] • Condition B2-4

[0149] Mn+Ofn+Ocn+Hys <Thresh2

[0150] • Mp is the measurement result of PCell, without considering offset.

[0151] Thresh1 and Thresh2 are the threshold values ​​used for this event. The unit of Thresh1 is the same as Mp, and the unit of Thresh2 is the same as Mn. The meanings of the other variables are the same as those for the variables of event B1 above.

[0152] <Event T1>

[0153] Event T1 indicates that the UE's measurement time falls within a specific time period starting from the threshold. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for the event when the following condition T1-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for the event when condition T1-2 is met.

[0154] · Condition T1-1

[0155] Mt>Thresh1

[0156] · Condition T1-2

[0157] Mt>Thresh1+Duration

[0158] The variables in the formula are defined as follows.

[0159] • Mt is the time measured by the UE.

[0160] Thresh1 is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (t1-Threshold) defined in the settings information (reportConfigNR) corresponding to this event).

[0161] Duration is a parameter that indicates the duration of the event (i.e., the parameter (duration) defined in the configuration information (reportConfigNR) corresponding to the event).

[0162] • The unit of Mt is ms.

[0163] • The units of Thresh1 are the same as those of Mt.

[0164] • The unit of Duration is the same as the unit of Mt.

[0165] <Event I1>

[0166] Event I1 indicates that the interference has become higher than the threshold. Specifically, the UE is considered to have met the admission condition for this event when condition I1-1 is met, and the UE is considered to have met the exit condition for this event when condition I1-2 is met.

[0167] · Condition I1-1

[0168] Mi-Hys>Thresh

[0169] · Condition I1-2

[0170] Mi+Hys <Thresh

[0171] The variables in the equations for conditions I1-1 and I1-2 above are defined as follows.

[0172] Mi is a measurement result of interference, and offset is not considered.

[0173] Hys is the hysteresis parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter defined in the event's configuration information (reportConfigNR)).

[0174] Thresh is the threshold parameter for this event (i.e., the parameter (i1-Threshold) defined in the event's configuration information (reportConfigNR).

[0175] • The units for Mi and Thresh are dBm.

[0176] • Hys is measured in dB.

[0177] (L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) in Rel.18)

[0178] Figure 1 This diagram illustrates the overview of LTM being studied in Rel.18. The UE implements an RRC connection for the current serving cell (the base station of PCI#1) and sends an L3 measurement report. The serving cell determines the implementation of LTM based on the L3 measurement report, and prepares to implement LTM with more than one candidate cell. The UE and the serving cell implement RRC reset. Additionally, the more than one candidate cell may include the target cell (the base station of PCI#3).

[0179] The UE, serving cell, target cell, and candidate cell perform DL synchronization. The UE performs and reports L1 (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR) measurements for the serving cell / candidate cell / target cell. Additionally, the UE, serving cell, target cell, and candidate cell perform UL synchronization.

[0180] The serving cell determines whether to perform a serving cell handover to the target cell (PCI#3) based on the L1 measurement report and sends a cell handover command to the UE. After receiving the cell handover command, the UE begins PDCCH monitoring of the target cell.

[0181] In RACH-based LTM, the UE performs the RACH procedure on the target cell. In LTM without RACH, the UE sends an RRC reconfiguration complete message and transmits initial data to the target cell. This initial data transmission is based on dynamic permission or a configured permission associated with the target cell's beam. The target cell then sends an ACK to the UE in response to this transmission.

[0182] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the UE-base station (gNB) processing in LTM within Rel.18. The following is about... Figure 2 The process of each step is explained in detail.

[0183] 1. The UE sends a measurement report message to the gNB. The gNB determines the LTM settings and begins preparation of more than one candidate cell.

[0184] 2: The gNB sends the RRC reconstruction message for the LTM candidate cells, which includes one or more candidate cells, to the UE.

[0185] 3: The UE saves the LTM candidate cell settings and sends the RRC reconstruction complete message to the gNB.

[0186] 4a: Before receiving a cell handover command, the UE performs DL synchronization with more than one candidate cell. DL synchronization of candidate cells before the cell handover command can also at least support SSB-based implementation.

[0187] 4b: When requested from the network, the UE performs an earlier TA acquisition with more than one candidate cell prior to receiving the cell handover command. This is triggered via CFRA through a PDCCH order from the source cell. The UE then sends a preamble to the indicated candidate cell. To minimize data interruption to the source cell for the candidate cell using Contention-Free Random Access (CFRA), the UE does not receive RARs for the purpose of acquiring the TA value. The TA value of the candidate cell is indicated in the cell handover command. The UE ensures the validity of the TA based on the network implementation without maintaining a TA timer for the candidate cell.

[0188] 5: The UE performs the L1 measurement assigned to the candidate cell and sends an L1 measurement report to the gNB. The L1 measurement is performed as soon as the RRC reconfiguration in step 2 is applied.

[0189] 6: The gNB decides to perform a cell handover to the target cell and sends a MAC CE (cell handover command) to trigger the handover. The MAC CE contains candidate settings for the target cell's index. The UE hands over to the target cell and applies the settings indicated by the candidate settings index.

[0190] 7: In the absence of a valid TA for the target cell, the UE performs a random access procedure for the target cell.

[0191] 8: The UE completes the LTM cell handover process by sending an RRC reconfiguration completion message. The UE considers that, in step 7, the RA procedure was executed, and if the random access procedure was successfully completed, the LTM execution was successfully completed. The UE considers that, in LTM without RACH, if the network is determined to have successfully received the initial UL data, the LTM execution was successfully completed. The UE determines the success of the initial UL data reception by receiving the PDCCH specified for the UE's C-RNTI in the target cell that schedules the next new transmission of the initial UL data.

[0192] Additionally, the RRC reconfiguration completion message can always be sent during each LTM execution. Steps 4-8 can also use the candidate cell settings provided in step 2, and be implemented multiple times for subsequent LTMs.

[0193] Figure 3 This diagram illustrates the processing of earlier DL synchronization between a UE and a base station (gNB) in Rel.18's LTM. Under network-configured conditions, an RRC connection (RRC_CONNECTED) can be established for UEs that enable DL synchronization with cells different from their current serving cell. This is made possible by pre-activating the TCI state of the cell requiring earlier DL synchronization. The following section discusses... Figure 3 The processing steps are explained in detail. Figure 3 The diagram illustrates an earlier TCI state activation (earlier DL synchronization) process triggered via the network.

[0194] 1. The gNB belonging to cell A provides the UE with a list of TCI states for cell B in the RRC reconfiguration message. The gNB belonging to cell A provides a list of TCI states for more than one cell. The activation process for the earlier TCI state is performed by the UE for that more than one cell.

[0195] 2: The UE responds to the gNB via the RRC reconstruction completion message.

[0196] 3: To initiate the early TCI state activation process for cell B, the gNB to which cell A belongs sends an Early TCI State Activation MAC CE. The Early TCI State Activation MAC CE can also indicate the TCI state of other cells between TCI state activation processes.

[0197] 4: The UE activates the TCI state of cell B indicated in the earlier TCI state activation MAC CE.

[0198] The UE assumes earlier DL synchronization for the gNB to which cell B belongs. The gNB to which cell A belongs can also initiate the cell handover process for cell B by providing a cell handover command that indicates the target cell to cell B.

[0199] Figure 4 This diagram illustrates the processing of earlier UL synchronization between a UE and a base station (gNB) in Rel.18's LTM. Under network-defined conditions, an RRC connection (RRC_CONNECTED) is enabled for UEs that allow UL synchronization with cells different from the current serving cell. The following section discusses... Figure 4 The processing steps are explained in detail. Figure 4 The image shows an earlier TA acquisition (earlier UL synchronization) process triggered via the network.

[0200] 1. The gNB belonging to cell A provides the TA acquisition settings to the UE in the RRC reconfiguration message. The TA acquisition settings include the RRC structure information required to send the random access preamble for cell B. Then, the gNB belonging to cell B calculates the TA value used by the UE. For example, an LTM cell handover procedure is performed for cell B. The TA acquisition settings may contain information related to one or more cells in which the TA acquisition procedure performed by the UE is carried out.

[0201] 2: The UE responds to the gNB via the RRC reconstruction completion message.

[0202] 3: To initiate the TA acquisition process for cell B, the gNB to which cell A belongs sends a PDCCH order message. The PDCCH order contains the information required to send the random access preamble for cell B.

[0203] 4: In order for the gNB to which cell B belongs to calculate the TA value used by the UE, the UE sends a random access preamble for cell B (e.g., in the case where an LTM cell handover process is triggered through cell B). If the TA cannot be obtained, the gNB to which cell A belongs can instruct the retransmission of the preamble used for TA acquisition.

[0204] 5: When an LTM cell handover process is triggered for cell B, in the LTM cell handover command MAC CE used to start the cell handover process for cell B, the gNB to which cell A belongs will provide the UE with the TA value calculated by the gNB to which cell B belongs during the TA acquisition process.

[0205] (Conditional Handover (CHO) attached)

[0206] This section explains Conditional Handover (CHO) from Rel.16 onwards. CHOs are applied, for example, to Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs). In NTNs, the following additional triggering conditions are supported for the UE to execute a CHO for a candidate cell.

[0207] • Event A4 based on Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements.

[0208] • Time-based triggering conditions.

[0209] • Location-based triggering conditions.

[0210] Time-based or location-based triggering conditions are always set along with any of the measurement-based triggering conditions (events A3 / A4 / A5 of CHO described later). How the UE evaluates the time-based or location-based triggering conditions along with the RRM measurement-based events depends on the UE implementation.

[0211] (Cellular systems for 6G)

[0212] Cellular systems that combine NTN and terrestrial networks (NTN) are potentially being studied for their 6G potential due to network resilience, continuity, improved coverage, new services, and enhanced performance. In particular, such systems can also carry a core network (CN) on satellites. In this case, depending on service, communication quality, location, and time, the UE's connection target may sometimes switch between TN and NTN, and sometimes use both simultaneously. Therefore, a common mobility system combining NTN and TN may be studied.

[0213] Figure 5 This diagram represents the features of CHO, Dual Active Protocol Stack Based Handover (DAPS), and Rel.18 LTM. In addition to the traditional HO, the UE also supports CHO / Conditional PSCell Addition (CPA) / Conditional PSCell Change (CPC). For example... Figure 5 As shown, CHO and LTM outperform DAPS in several projects. CHO, in particular, exhibits high robustness, while LTM has a short downtime.

[0214] In future cellular systems, higher frequencies will be used, potentially leading to systems closer to the beam center (e.g., high-frequency → high-frequency, low-frequency → low-frequency). In this case, L1 measurement reporting will be considered regardless of the operation. Therefore, improving mobility based on LTM is considered.

[0215] However, LTM in Rel.18, especially in FR2, has the problem of radio link failure (RLF) and handover failure (HOF) becoming more difficult.

[0216] (Mobility scenario)

[0217] <Scenario 1>

[0218] Figure 6A This is a diagram illustrating an example of UE movement within an urban area. Figure 6B It means and Figure 6AThe diagram shows the corresponding L1-RSRP transitions for PCI#1 and PCI#3. In the case of FR2, due to frequent dynamic channel changes, especially in urban areas affected by buildings, L1-RSRP can decrease sharply. Therefore, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) events frequently occur.

[0219] exist Figure 6A In the example, the UE moves from the PCI#1 cell (current serving cell) to the PCI#3 cell (target cell). In this case, for example, in... Figure 6B In (1), the NW receives the L1 measurement results and decides to hand over the cell upon detecting a decrease in L1-RSRP. Then, in (2), the NW sends the cell handover command to the UE. However, in (2), due to the low L1-RSRP of PCI#1, the UE may not be able to receive the cell handover command normally.

[0220] <Scenario 2>

[0221] Figure 7A This is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE traveling through a tunnel. Figure 7B It means and Figure 7A The diagram shows the corresponding L1-RSRP transitions for PCI#1 and PCI#3. When the UE passes through a tunnel or enters an indoor environment, the L1-RSRP drops sharply, potentially leading to non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations. In this case, similar to scenario 1, due to the sharp drop in L1-RSRP for PCI#1, the UE may be unable to receive cell handover commands normally.

[0222] <Scenario 3>

[0223] Figure 8A This diagram illustrates an example of a UE moving between small groups of low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. Figure 8B It means and Figure 8A The diagrams show the corresponding L1-RSRP transitions for PCI#1 and PCI#3. In LEO (Left Oscillator), due to the lower elevation angle and the influence of structures, NLOS (Normally Oscillating Distress) may occur. Figure 8AIn the example, consider a scenario where there are both non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) like LEO and terrestrial networks (TNs) like PCI#3. Similar to scenario 1, the UE may be unable to receive cell handover commands properly due to a sharp drop in the L1-RSRP of PCI#1. This is the same in both the TN-NTN (PCI#1-PCI#3) mobility and NTN-NTN (PCI#1-PCI#4) mobility scenarios.

[0224] (Activation / deactivation of MAC CE in unified TCI state)

[0225] The following explains the activation / deactivation MAC CE for the unified TCI state. The network can also activate / deactivate the unified TCI state of the serving cell or set of serving cells listed in the simultaneous U-TCI update lists (simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList1, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList2, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList3, or simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList4) by sending a unified TCI state activation / deactivation MAC CE. The activated unified TCI state is deactivated in its initial state during higher-layer-based configuration / resetting and after synchronization-based resetting.

[0226] When a unified TCI state activation / deactivation MAC CE is received on the serving cell, the MAC entity can also indicate information related to the unified TCI state activation / deactivation MAC CE to the lower layer.

[0227] [Structure of MAC CE for Unified TCI State Activation / Deactivation]

[0228] Figure 9 This is a diagram representing the structure of the Activation / Deactivation MAC CE for the Uniform TCI State in Rel.17. The Activation / Deactivation MAC CE for the Uniform TCI State is identified by a MAC subheader with eLCID. This MAC CE has a variable size consisting of the following fields.

[0229] Serving Cell ID: This field indicates the ID of the serving cell to which the MAC CE is applied. This field is 5 bits long. When the indicated serving cell is set as part of a simultaneous update list (simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList1, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList2, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList3, or simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList4), the MAC CE is applied to all serving cells within the set of simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList1, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList2, simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList3, or simultaneousU-TCI-UpdateList4, respectively.

[0230] DL BWP ID: This field indicates the DLBWP applied to the code point of the MAC CE as part of the DCI bandwidth indication field. The BWP ID field is 2 bits long.

[0231] UL BWP ID: This field indicates the ULBWP for which the code point of the MAC CE as the DCI bandwidth portion indicator field is applied. This field is considered a reserved bit when the value of the unifiedTCI-StateType of the serving cell indicated by the serving cell ID is unionized. The BWP ID field is 2 bits long.

[0232] Pi: This field indicates whether each TCI code point has multiple TCI states or a single TCI state. When Pi is set to 1, the TCI code point indicates that it includes both DL TCI and UL TCI states. When Pi is set to 0, the TCI code point indicates that it includes only DL / joint TCI states or UL TCI states. The code point mapped to a TCI state is determined by its sequence position in the all-TCI state ID field.

[0233] D / U: This field indicates whether the same octet of TCI status ID is a combined / downlink TCI status or an uplink TCI status. When this field is set to 1, the same octet of TCI status ID is used for combined / downlink. When this field is set to 0, the same octet of TCI status ID is used for uplink.

[0234] TCI State ID: This field indicates the TCI state identified by the TCI State ID. When D / U is set to 1, a 7-bit TCI State ID is used. When D / U is set to 0, the topmost bit of the TCI State ID is reserved, and the remaining 6 bits indicate the UL TCI State ID. The maximum number of active TCI states is 16.

[0235] R: Reserved bit, set to 0.

[0236] (Beam report using MAC CE)

[0237] The following example illustrates the new beam reporting using MAC CE.

[0238] [Option 1]

[0239] MAC CE can also be specified according to the type of beam report (representing type 1 of intra-cell beam report and type 2 of inter-cell beam report).

[0240] For example, Figure 10 This represents an example of a MAC CE oriented to type 1. Figure 11 This represents an example of a MAC CE oriented to type 2 (type 2-1 / 2-2). Figure 10 MAC CE and Figure 11 The MAC CE can also have different logical channel IDs (Logical Channel ID (LCID)).

[0241] like Figure 10 As shown, a MAC CE for type 1 can also include fields indicating the presence of the second through fourth measurement results and the RS ("C"). i The fields include: “R” field (i=2, 3, 4), “RSID i” field (i=1, 2, 3, 4) ...

[0242] In the case of SSBRI only, the field representing the RS ID can consist of 6 bits, or in the case of SSBRI / CRI, it can consist of 7 bits.

[0243] Additionally, in a figure illustrating an example of a MAC CE in this disclosure, an example is shown where the measurement result is indicated by L1-RSRP, but this is only one example, and the indicator for the measurement result is not limited thereto.

[0244] In this MAC CE, the field corresponding to the measurement result of the optimal (first-ranked) beam can also be specified by the first number of bits (e.g., 7 bits). In this case, the field can also represent the absolute value of the measurement result.

[0245] In this MAC CE, the field corresponding to the measurement results of beams other than the optimal beam (e.g., the measurement results of the 2nd to 4th beams) can also be specified by a second number of bits (e.g., 4 bits). In this case, the field can also represent the relative value / difference value of the measurement result relative to the optimal beam.

[0246] In this MAC CE, the field corresponding to the measurement results of beams other than the optimal beam (e.g., the measurement results of the 2nd to 4th beams) can also be specified by the first number of bits (e.g., 7 bits). In this case, the field can also represent the absolute value of the measurement result.

[0247] In this MAC CE, "C i "A field can also be represented by 1 bit. In "C i The field can indicate that if the first value (e.g., 0) is specified, it can also mean that no corresponding beam report will be made. In "C" i "If the field indicates the second value (e.g., 1), it can also indicate that the corresponding beam is being reported."

[0248] For example, even when the "C2", "C3", and "C4" fields represent 1, the measurement results and RS IDs for the second, third, and fourth beams can still be reported in this MAC CE. In other words, fields (RSRP / PCI) corresponding to the second through fourth beams can exist only when the "C2", "C3", and "C4" fields represent 1.

[0249] exist Figure 10 In this context, fields 3 through 7 of the octet can be optional.

[0250] Compared to Figure 10 Type 1 MAC CE Figure 11 The type 2 MAC CE shown has 16 bits appended to the octet 8-9.

[0251] The appended fields may also include a field representing the PCI of the serving cell / additional cell / candidate cell (“PCI i” field (e.g., i=1, 2, 3, 4)) and a reservation field (“R” field). The field representing the PCI may, for example, consist of 3 bits.

[0252] Based on the added fields (and by flexibly utilizing reserved fields), in addition to indicating the PCI of one serving cell, it is also possible to indicate the PCI of up to seven additional cells. The size of each field can be changed appropriately. The size of each field can be set through RRC, defined in advance by specifications, or determined by UE capabilities.

[0253] For example, the size of the field representing the RS ID (RS ID field) can be increased or decreased depending on whether the field representing the PCI (PCI field) is included. For example, the RS ID field can also be increased / expanded (e.g., by 2 bits) if the field representing the PCI is not included (e.g., type 2-1). That is, the size of the PCI field can be variable depending on the type of beam report.

[0254] [Current Beam Report]

[0255] This report provides an explanation of the current beam. Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating an example of beam reporting using a MAC CE. Figure 13A and Figure 13B It is a graph showing the difference between the current beam and the measured value.

[0256] In event-based beam reporting, the UE only sends a beam report when a specific event occurs. In this case, it is assumed that the reported beam is a better beam than the current beam.

[0257] Therefore, the beam of the reporting target can be reported as a differential value relative to the current beam (based on the current beam). This reduces the amount of information (bits) used for reporting and saves on MAC CE overhead. Here, the differential value should always be positive relative to the current beam.

[0258] exist Figure 12 The MAC CE shown may also include fields indicating the presence of the second through fourth measurement results and RS ("C"). i The fields include: “R” field (i=2, 3, 4), the field representing the RS ID corresponding to the first 4 beams above (“RS ID i” field (i=1, 2, 3, 4)), the field representing the measurement result (“L1-RSRP i” field (i=1, 2, 3, 4)), and the reserved field (“R” field).

[0259] In this MAC CE, the field corresponding to the beam measurement result can also represent the relative / differential value with respect to the measurement result of the current beam. In this case, the measurement value (absolute value) of the current beam can be excluded. By only reporting the differential value, the communication overhead of the MAC CE can be reduced.

[0260] If we assume that the reported beam is a better beam than the current beam, then... Figure 13A As shown, the differential values ​​of RS1~RS4 relative to the current beam can be reported as positive values.

[0261] On the other hand, such as Figure 13B As shown, if there is no beam better than the current beam (e.g., RS4), the differential value of RS4 may or may not be reported.

[0262] For example, when reporting using MAC CE, the field size is variable. Therefore, even if configured to report 4 beams, the UE may not report negative differential values ​​(RS4 differential values) (which may not be included in the reporting object).

[0263] In this case, when reporting using UCI (in the case of UCI-based beam reporting), the payload is fixed. Therefore, the UE needs to report a negative differential value (the differential value of RS4).

[0264] <Changes>

[0265] Whether to add the absolute value of L1-RSRP relative to the current beam can be set / indicated through higher-layer / physical-layer signaling, defined in advance by specifications, or determined by UE capability reporting. For example, when reporting UE capabilities, the UE can also add new fields to the MAC CE / UCI and report them.

[0266] Further Changes

[0267] Whether to report the absolute value relative to the current beam can also be determined based on a specific threshold. For example, it can be set so that the UE only reports when the absolute value relative to the current beam is less than / greater than X dB. In this case, X can be set / indicated by higher-layer / physical-layer signaling, defined in advance by specifications, or determined by the UE's reporting capability. Additionally, as a case where the gNB wants to identify the absolute value of the current beam, there is a situation where this absolute value is very low (equivalent to near failure).

[0268] (analyze)

[0269] As mentioned above, research is underway regarding the use of L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) as specified in Rel. 18 when terminals (user terminals, user equipment (UE)) perform inter-cell movement. Research is also underway regarding the transmission of a cell handover command using MAC CE from the base station (gNB) to the UE during cell handover (serving cell handover) within the LTM.

[0270] However, base stations may need time to determine whether cell handover is necessary. Alternatively, if the TCI state of the target cell (candidate cell) for handover is not activated beforehand, the handover may also take time. Therefore, cell handover cannot be performed quickly, raising concerns about reduced communication throughput during handover.

[0271] Therefore, the inventors of this invention conceived of a method for appropriately performing cell handover.

[0272] (Various rewrites, etc.)

[0273] The embodiments disclosed herein will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The wireless communication methods described in each embodiment can be applied individually or in combination.

[0274] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be rewritten as each other. In addition, in this disclosure, "A / B / C" may also mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0275] In this disclosure, terms such as notification, activation, deactivation, indication (or indication), selection, configuration, update, and determination can be overridden. Similarly, terms such as support, control, ability to control, operation, and ability to operate can also be overridden.

[0276] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-level parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., can also be modified interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC Control Element (CE), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., can also be modified interchangeably.

[0277] In this disclosure, higher-layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) messages, etc. from the core network), or a combination thereof.

[0278] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may also use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MACCE) or a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU). Broadcast information may also be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Minimum System Information (Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI)), or Other System Information (OSI).

[0279] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may also be, for example, downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.

[0280] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. In this disclosure, sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0281] In this disclosure, the following terms are used: panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, uplink (UL) transmitting entity, transmission / reception point (TRP), base station, spatial relation information (SRI), spatial relation, SRS resource indicator (SRI), control resource set (CORESET), physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), codeword (CW), transport block (TB), reference signal (RS), antenna port (e.g., demodulation reference signal (DMRS)) port, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), group (e.g., spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, physical uplink control channel). Channel (PUCCH) groups, PUCCH resource groups, resources (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources), resource sets (e.g., reference signal resource sets), CORESET pools, downlink transmission configuration indication states (TCI states) (DL TCI states), uplink TCI states (UL TCI states), unified TCI states, common TCI states, quasi-co-location (QCL) and QCL concepts can also be rewritten.

[0282] In this disclosure, base stations, gNBs, and networks (NWs) can also be rewritten.

[0283] In this disclosure, L1-RSRP can also be rewritten as L1-SINR. RS and beam can also be rewritten interchangeably. Activation and deactivation can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0284] In this disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, serving cell, source serving cell, source cell, CC, BWP, BWP within CC, and band can also be interchanged. In this disclosure, the terms cell, PCI, target setting ID, target cell, cell with added PCI, added cell, other cell, non-serving cell, cell with different PCI, candidate cell, candidate cell ID, candidate serving cell, cell with a PCI different from the current serving cell, and another serving cell can also be interchanged. The target cell can also be a cell selected from multiple candidate cells.

[0285] In this disclosure, the terms "handover," "change," and "update" can be interchanged. "Serving cell" can also be rewritten as the serving cell before the handover or the serving cell after the handover. "Cell handover" can also refer to the handover of the serving cell.

[0286] Unless otherwise stated, the functions of the fields of the MAC CE in the various embodiments of this disclosure are also the same as those in other embodiments. Figures 9 to 12 The fields shown have the same function. Figures 1 to 4 At least a portion of the processing can also be combined with the processing of each implementation. For example, the L1 measurement report sent by the UE and the cell handover command sent by the base station (gNB) can also be rewritten as the transmission of the MAC CE used for the UL cell handover command sent by the UE in the first / second implementation. Alternatively, if the base station first determines that a cell handover is needed, the DL cell handover command ( Figure 1 , Figure 2 The cell handover command is applied. If the UE first determines that a cell handover is required, the MAC CE for the UL cell handover command in the first / second implementation is applied.

[0287] (Wireless communication method)

[0288] <Implementation Method 0>

[0289] Taking Rel.18 LTM as the baseline, this section explains whether RACH implementation is required before sending the UL cell handover command, and how to handle situations where it is not implemented. Additionally, initial cell handover can also refer to the first cell handover with new LTM settings. On the other hand, in Rel.18 LTM, subsequent LTM is supported. Subsequent LTM is a subsequent LTM cell handover process between multiple candidate cells, and the UE does not need to be reconfigured based on the network. That is, the next cell handover can be configured with the same LTM settings as the previous cell handover. Cell handover using this subsequent LTM is equivalent to the case of subsequent cell handovers described below.

[0290] [Initial cell handover scenario]

[0291] "The Scenario of LTM Based on RACH (The Case of Performing RACH on the Target Cell After the Cell Handover Command is Sent)"

[0292] At least DL synchronization and L1 measurement are required. The UE can also determine whether to use the same TA as the source cell for the target cell without UL synchronization, or to obtain the TA through the RACH following the cell handover command. Without activating the TCI state, the UE can also directly report the TCI state ID in the UL cell handover command, or determine the beam of the target cell in the RACH following the cell handover command.

[0293] LTM without RACH (No RACH is performed on the target cell after the cell handover command is sent)

[0294] At least DL synchronization, L1 measurement, and UL synchronization are required. Without activating the TCI state, the UE can also directly report the TCI state ID in the UL cell handover command.

[0295] [Scenario for subsequent cell handovers]

[0296] In subsequent cell handovers, the same procedures as the initial cell handover can be followed. The following explains the procedures that can be performed based on the initial cell handover procedure.

[0297] The scenario where DL synchronization to the target cell is not performed is also considered. Even without DL synchronization, the UE can maintain the previous DL synchronization for the target cell. If UL synchronization is not performed, the UE can also apply at least one of the target's TA derived from the UE's TA measurement and the PDCCH order (RACH) with RAR. Even if TCI state activation is not performed, the target's TCI state can still be activated between previous cell handovers.

[0298] [UL Cell Handover Command]

[0299] The UL cell handover command may also include a target setting ID (e.g., 3 bits) for determining the cell. The target setting ID refers to an index of the target / candidate cell setting applied to cell handover in LTM. Furthermore, to obtain the advantages of LTM (no RACH after the cell handover command, shorter interruption time), the UL cell handover command may also include an RSID, or a TCI status ID (e.g., 7 bits) / UL TCI status ID (e.g., 6 bits), and a Timing Advance Command (TAC) (e.g., 6 bits or 12 bits). This UL cell handover command is described in detail in the first / second embodiments.

[0300] <First Implementation Method>

[0301] Under certain conditions, the UE may also send a MAC CE for a UL cell handover command to the base station (gNB) containing information about the target cell (Target configuration ID) indicating the cell handover target, and initiate cell handover (serving cell handover) for that target cell, thus initiating transmission and reception between the UE and the target / candidate cell. For example, the UE may also send a MAC CE for a UL cell handover command to the base station if at least one of the above-mentioned conditions is met.

[0302] The structure of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands will be explained below. Hereinafter, the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands will sometimes be referred to simply as MAC CE. To reduce overhead, the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands may also have information (E1, E2, E3) indicating whether the target cell's beam association information, TA association information, and BWP association information are included.

[0303] E1 indicates whether the MAC CE contains beam association information (e.g., D / U (indicating whether the corresponding TCI status ID is a joint / downlink TCI status or an uplink TCI status), TCI status ID, RS ID, or at least one of L1-RSRP). E2 indicates whether the MAC CE contains timing advance (TA) association information (e.g., timing advance group (TAG) ID / timing advance command). E3 indicates whether the MAC CE contains DL / UL BWPID. E1~E3 and combinations of these information can be other than those mentioned above. The MAC CE can also contain at least one of E1~E3. For example, it is also possible that E1~E3 are set to 0 if the information is not present, and set to 1 if the information is present.

[0304] The target setting ID, candidate cell ID, and physical cell identity (PCI) can also be associated with each other. This association can also be pre-set to the UE via RRC signaling. The target setting ID can also be associated with a portion of the candidate cell ID / PCI. Therefore, compared to including the candidate cell ID / PCI in the MAC CE, security can be improved and the number of bits in the MAC CE can be reduced.

[0305] MAC CE may also specifically include at least one of the following information instead of E1: information indicating whether D / U is included, information indicating whether TCI status ID is included, information indicating whether RS ​​ID is included, and information indicating whether L1-RSRP is included. MAC CE may also specifically include at least one of the following information instead of E2: information indicating whether TAG ID is included and information indicating whether a timing advance command is included.

[0306] Whether the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands contains various information can be set through RRC, defined in advance through specifications, or determined based on UE capabilities.

[0307] Figure 14A and Figure 14B This is a diagram showing the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands with TCI status ID in the first embodiment. Figure 14A and Figure 14B The MAC CE contains the Target configuration ID, DL BWP ID, UL BWP ID, and TCI status ID corresponding to the beam used in the cell handover. Figure 14A The MAC CE further includes a TAG ID, as well as a timed advance command. Figure 14B The MAC CE further includes timed advance commands.

[0308] Figure 15A and Figure 15B This is a diagram showing the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands with RS ID in the first embodiment. Figure 15A and Figure 15B The MAC CE contains the Target Configuration ID, DL BWP ID, UL BWP ID, and RS ID corresponding to the beam used, representing the target cell being switched. Figure 15A The MAC CE further includes a TAG ID and a timed advance command. Figure 15BThe MAC CE further includes timed advance commands.

[0309] The RS ID can also be, for example, the SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI) / Channel State Information - Reference Signal (CSI-RS) Resource Indicator (CRI), in which case it can also be 7 bits.

[0310] The "Timing Advance Command" field of MAC CE can also be rewritten as "Whether the UE has obtained a valid TA indication", or "Whether to send RACH to the target cell", or "RACH resources used for the target cell".

[0311] The UE can shorten the interruption time during cell handover by sending the TCI status ID, RS ID, TAG ID, and timed advance command in advance before cell handover.

[0312] Figure 16A and Figure 16B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE used for a UL cell handover command with TCI status ID and L1-RSRP in the first embodiment. Figure 16A and Figure 16B The MAC CE contains the Target configuration ID, DL BWP ID, UL BWP ID, TCI status ID corresponding to the beam used, and L1-RSRP (absolute value) of the target cell being switched. Figure 16A The MAC CE further includes a TAG ID, as well as a timed advance command. Figure 16B The MAC CE further includes timed advance commands.

[0313] Figure 17A and Figure 17B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a MAC CE for a UL cell handover command with RS ID and L1-RSRP in the first embodiment. Figure 17A and Figure 17B The MAC CE contains the Target configuration ID, DL BWP ID, UL BWP ID, RS ID corresponding to the beam used, and L1-RSRP (absolute value) of the target cell being switched. Figure 17A The MAC CE further includes a TAG ID and a timed advance command. Figure 17B The MAC CE further includes timed advance commands.

[0314] Figure 16A , Figure 16B , Figure 17A and Figure 17B The L1-RSRP (absolute value) can also be the optimal L1-RSRP among the L1-RSRPs of the RS received by the UE. If the received L1-RSRP is lower than the threshold, the base station (gNB) can also send an indication to the UE to interrupt cell handover.

[0315] According to the first implementation method, during cell handover, the UE notifies the base station in advance of beam association information, TA association information, and DL / UL BWPID, thus enabling rapid cell handover.

[0316] <Second Implementation Method>

[0317] Under certain conditions, the UE may also send a MAC CE containing the RS ID and the RS measurement result (L1-RSRP) for a UL cell handover command to the base station (gNB) to perform a cell handover (serving cell handover) to the target cell corresponding to the RS, and begin transmission and reception between the UE and the target / candidate cell. For example, if at least one of the above-mentioned conditions is met, the UE may also send a MAC CE for a UL cell handover command to the base station.

[0318] The MAC CE can also include information (S1~S4) indicating whether the corresponding RS ID is used in the target cell for cell handover. For example, if S1 is 1, then RS with RS ID=1 means it is used in the target cell for cell handover; if S1 is 0, then RS with RS ID=1 means it is not used in the target cell for cell handover. Furthermore, S1~S4 may not be set for all RS IDs. For example, S1~S4 may only be set for the RS ID with the highest L1-RSRP.

[0319] The fact that any one of S1 to S4 in MAC CE is 1 can also indicate that cell handover information (such as at least one of Target configuration ID, TA association information, and UL / DL BWP ID) is included in MAC CE.

[0320] Figure 18A and Figure 18B This is a diagram illustrating the first example of a MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment. Figure 18A and Figure 18B The MAC CE is Figure 12 , Figure 10 The four MAC CE values ​​in R are rewritten as examples obtained from S1~S4 above. Therefore, regarding the... Figure 12 , Figure 10 The descriptions of the identical parts are omitted.

[0321] When only one RS ID and one L1-RSRP are included, these RS ID and L1-RSRP are used for cell handover reporting, and the RS ID indicates that it is used for the target cell. For example, when C2~C3=0, only RS ID1 and L1-RSRP1 are included in the MAC CE.

[0322] Figure 19A and Figure 19B This is a diagram illustrating a second example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment. Figure 19A and Figure 19B exist Figure 18A and Figure 18B Based on the example, R, E1, and E2 are added to represent the target cell's target configuration ID, DL BWP ID, and UL BWP ID for the cell handover object. E1 indicates whether the MAC CE contains DL / UL BWP information. E2 indicates whether the MAC CE contains a TAG ID / timing advance command.

[0323] Figure 20A and Figure 20B This is a diagram illustrating a third example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment. Figure 20A and Figure 20B The MAC CE has two timed advance commands to replace Figure 19A and Figure 19B Examples include the TAG ID and the scheduled advance command.

[0324] exist Figure 19A and Figure 19B , Figure 20A and Figure 20B In this context, the target setting ID may not be included. In this case, the target setting ID can also be determined based on the RS ID. Figure 19A and Figure 19B In this case, the DL / UL BWP ID may not be included. In this case (e.g., with Rel.18 as the baseline), the DL / UL BWP ID can also be preset via RRC signaling.

[0325] Figure 21A and Figure 21B This is a diagram illustrating the fourth example of the MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands in the second embodiment. Figure 21A and Figure 21B The MAC CE is in Figure 12 , Figure 10 This adds examples of S1~S4 and PCI1~4 to the MAC CE. Regarding... Figure 12 , Figure 10 The descriptions of the identical parts are omitted.

[0326] exist Figure 21A and Figure 21B In the MAC CE, S1-S4 report which RS ID (PCI1) is used in the target cell used for cell handover. That is, S1-S4 indicate whether the corresponding RS ID or PCI is used in the target cell used for cell handover. For example, if S1 is 1, then RS with RS ID=1 and PCI1 are used in the target cell used for cell handover; if S1 is 0, then RS with RS ID=1 and PCI1 are not used in the target cell used for cell handover. RS ID and PCI are corresponding, and the correspondence can be preset via RRC signaling. Therefore, MAC CE can also contain only either the RS ID or PCI.

[0327] The fact that any one of S1 to S4 in MAC CE is 1 can also indicate that the MAC CE contains cell handover information (Target configuration ID, TA association information, UL / DL BWP ID).

[0328] exist Figure 21A and Figure 21B It can also be further included in MAC CE Figure 19A and Figure 19B , Figure 20A and Figure 20B The TAG ID / timing advance command is shown in the image.

[0329] The UE can transmit either the MAC CE of the first embodiment or the MAC CE of the second embodiment, or only one. When transmitting MAC CEs of both embodiments, the UE can also adjust the transmission to ensure there are no duplicate items. For example, the UE can also transmit... Figure 18A or Figure 18B After the MAC CE, send Figure 14A or Figure 14B MAC CE. For example, when sending Figure 19A , Figure 19B , Figure 20A ,or Figure 20B In the case of a MAC CE, the UE may also choose not to send the MAC CE of the first embodiment.

[0330] In the second embodiment, the MAC CE includes the RS ID and the measurement results of the RS (L1-RSRP). Therefore, during cell handover, the NW can identify the quality of the target cell for cell handover.

[0331] <Third Implementation Method>

[0332] [Method 3-1]

[0333] The UE can also report the start of cell handover to the NW (base station) using any of the following methods (triggering cell handover).

[0334] Option 1: The UE reports using a UL cell handover command (e.g., MAC CE in the first implementation).

[0335] Option 2: The UE uses event-based beam reporting (e.g., MAC CE in the second implementation, which is content-independent) for reporting.

[0336] Option 2: The UE reports using event-based beam reporting (e.g., MAC CE in the second implementation, where any one of S1 to S4 is 1).

[0337] The UE can also send a MAC CE for UL cell handover commands to the base station (gNB) based on the source cell's DL measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR, etc.). The UE can also send a MAC CE for UL cell handover commands if the source cell's measurement results (e.g., L1-RSRP / SINR included in the CSI report) are lower than a specific threshold. For example, the UE can send a MAC CE for UL cell handover commands if the measurement results are lower than a specific threshold during a specific period, or if the occurrence of a measurement result lower than a specific threshold a specific number of times is detected. The occurrence of a difference exceeding the threshold can be notified to the MAC layer from the physical layer or counted by a counter within the MAC layer.

[0338] [Method 3-2]

[0339] This document explains the UE's operations after a cell handover is triggered (the UL cell handover command MAC CE is sent).

[0340] When applying the UL cell handover command MAC CE of the first embodiment, the base station / UE can also determine whether to perform LTM without RACH or LTM based on RACH based on the content of the MACCE. LTM without RACH can also be performed if at least one of the following conditions is met.

[0341] Option 1: E1 is 1 (e.g., beam association information exists) and E2 is 1 (e.g., TA association information exists).

[0342] Option 2: The UE transmits signals from the NW (e.g., Figure 2 The LTM cell handover command (MAC CE) is used to obtain all the information required for cell handover.

[0343] When applying the UL cell handover command MAC CE of the second embodiment, the base station / UE can also determine whether to perform LTM without RACH or LTM based on RACH based on the content of the MACCE. LTM without RACH can also be performed if at least one of the following conditions is met.

[0344] Option 3: E2 is 1 (e.g., there is TA associated information).

[0345] Option 4: The UE transmits signals from the NW (e.g., Figure 2 The LTM cell handover command (MAC CE) is used to obtain all the information required for cell handover.

[0346] Even if none of options 1-4 are satisfied, RACH-based LTM can still be executed. Even if at least one of options 1-4 is not satisfied, RACH-based LTM can still be executed.

[0347] When RACH-based LTM is executed, the UE uses the RACH source set via RRC signaling and the RS (SSB) reported via UL cell handover command (based on Rel.18 LTM) to send PRACH to the target cell. Then, the UE stops communication with the source cell.

[0348] When LTM without RACH is executed, the UE sends the initial UL data to the target cell at a designated occasion (set via RRC) associated with the SSB reported via the UL cell handover command (based on Rel.18 LTM). Alternatively, the UE monitors the PDCCH of the target cell for dynamic scheduling (e.g., based on Rel.18 LTM). The UE then ceases communication with the source cell.

[0349] Alternatively, UE operation in this mode can begin after a specific time (e.g., Xms / symbol / time slot) following the UL cell handover command report. This specific time can be set to the UE via RRC signaling, predefined by specifications, or set based on UE capabilities. Cell handover can also be cancelled if the UE receives a DL signal from the NW within the specific timeframe.

[0350] Regarding the conditions for completing cell handover, the conditions in Rel.18 can also be reused. For example... Figure 2 Step 8 can also be applied.

[0351] <Fourth Implementation Method>

[0352] [Method 4-1]

[0353] The UE can also receive a MAC CE containing the TCI status IDs of more than one candidate cell for TCI status activation / deactivation, and perform cell handover (serving cell handover) to the target cell corresponding to the candidate cell.

[0354] The UE can either send the MAC CE as in the first / second implementation before cell handover, or it can receive it from the base station (gNB). Figure 2 The cell handover command shown uses MAC CE. The TCI state of the target cell represented by MAC CE in the first / second embodiment can also be selected from the active TCI states in the MAC CE of the fourth / fifth / sixth embodiment. This reduces the number of bits required for the TCI state ID in the MAC CE of the first / second embodiment.

[0355] Option 1: The MAC CE may also include information indicating whether the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell is included in the MAC CE. Figure 22A This is a diagram illustrating the first example of MAC CE in mode 4-1. For example, it could also be that if any of R (e.g., R in Oct1) is 0, it means that the MAC CE does not contain the TCI state ID of the candidate cell, and if R is 1, it means that the MAC CE contains the TCI state ID of the candidate cell. Figure 22A The Serving Cell ID can also be rewritten as the Candidate Cell ID.

[0356] The number of candidate cells corresponding to the TCI states that a single MAC CE can activate simultaneously can be set to the UE through RRC signaling, indicated to the UE through MAC CE, determined in advance through specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or set / indicated / determined to the UE through a combination of these methods.

[0357] Option 2: The UE may also envision / expect that the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell is always included in the MACCE. Whether the TCI status ID of a candidate cell is always included in the MACCE can also be set via RRC / determined in advance by the specification / determined based on the UE's capabilities.

[0358] The number of candidate cells corresponding to the TCI states that a single MAC CE can activate simultaneously can be set to the UE through RRC signaling, indicated to the UE through MAC CE, determined in advance through specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or set / indicated / determined to the UE through a combination of these methods.

[0359] Option 3: It can also indicate whether the candidate cell ID or the bitmap corresponding to the candidate cell is included in the MAC CE, or whether the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell is included in the MAC CE. The MAC CE can also contain multiple candidate cell IDs. Each bit of the bitmap can also correspond to the TCI status ID of one candidate cell. If all bits of the candidate cell ID or bitmap are 0 (or 1), the MAC CE can also exclude the candidate cell's TCI status ID from the MAC CE. If all bits of the candidate cell ID or bitmap are not 0, the candidate cell's TCI status ID can also be included in the MAC CE.

[0360] In MAC CE, the current serving cell ID, which is set as a candidate cell, can also be included in the serving cell ID field.

[0361] change: Figure 22B This is a diagram representing the second example of MAC CE in mode 4-1. (See diagram below.) Figure 22B In this way, the MAC CE can also contain one candidate cell ID. Multiple sets of octets in the graph constitute one set of the MAC CE. The 1-bit "R" field of each set (e.g., the first set) can also indicate whether there is a next set (e.g., the second set).

[0362] By receiving the MAC CE in this manner, the UE can obtain the TCI status ID of the active / deactivated candidate cell before cell handover, thus enabling rapid cell handover.

[0363] [Method 4-2]

[0364] The method for indicating candidate cell IDs used for TCI state activation is explained.

[0365] Option 1: The MAC CE can also contain more than one candidate cell ID for TCI status activation. Figure 23A This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE for option 1 of mode 4-2. In Figure 23A In a MAC CE, there are two 3-bit candidate cell IDs, but the number of candidate cell IDs included in a MAC CE may not be two.

[0366] The B bits used to indicate the candidate cell ID are determined by C candidate cells set for LTM / TCI state activation (e.g., B = [log2C], B: number of bits, C: number of candidate cells set for LTM / TCI state activation). C can be set to the UE via RRC signaling, indicated to the UE via MAC CE, predetermined by specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or a combination of these.

[0367] Additionally, in option 3 of method 4-1, for example, it can also be B = [log2C + 1]. It can also refer to a specific combination of bits (e.g., "000") as the conventional MAC CE. When option 1 of method 4-1 is applied, in... Figure 23A The R position of Oct 1 may also contain bits indicating whether the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell is included in the MAC CE.

[0368] Option 2: The MAC CE may also include bits (bitmap) for each candidate cell indicating whether the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell exists in the MAC CE. Figure 23B This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE for option 2 of mode 4-2. In Figure 23B In the example, Cells #0 to #6 each correspond to the TCI status ID of a candidate cell. For instance, if Cell #X is 0, it means that the MAC CE does not contain the TCI status ID of the candidate cell corresponding to Cell #X. If Cell #X is 1, it means that the MAC CE contains the TCI status ID of the candidate cell corresponding to Cell #X.

[0369] The number of candidate cells corresponding to the TCI states that a single MAC CE can activate simultaneously can be set to the UE through RRC signaling, indicated to the UE through MAC CE, determined in advance through specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or set / indicated / determined to the UE through a combination of these methods.

[0370] When option 1 of method 4-1 is applied, Figure 23B The position of Cell#0 in Oct 1 may also contain bits indicating whether the TCI status ID of more than one candidate cell is included in the MAC CE.

[0371] By receiving the MAC CE in this manner, the UE can obtain the TCI status IDs of multiple candidate cells that are activated / deactivated before cell handover. Therefore, even when there are multiple candidate cells that can become candidates for cell handover, cell handover can be implemented quickly.

[0372] [Method 4-3]

[0373] Figure 24 This is a diagram illustrating an example of MAC CE in mode 4-3. (See diagram below.) Figure 24 In that case, the MAC CE can also contain more than one TCI state ID for each candidate cell ID. For example, TCI state IDs 1~N represent the TCI state of candidate cell ID 0, and TCI state IDs 1~N (for Cell ID 1) represent the TCI state of candidate cell ID 1. Figure 24 In the example, the TCI status ID is configured in ascending order of candidate cell IDs, but it can also be configured in descending order of candidate cell IDs.

[0374] The number (N) of TCI status IDs for each candidate cell included in the MAC CE can also be determined as in option 1 or option 2 below.

[0375] Option 1: N becomes the same as the number of TCI status IDs of the serving cell.

[0376] Option 2: N can be set to the UE via RRC signaling, indicated to the UE via MAC CE, determined in advance by specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or set / indicated / determined to the UE via a combination of these.

[0377] The number (N) of TCI status IDs for each candidate cell included in the MAC CE can also be set / indicated / determined for all candidate cells per band / CC and per candidate cell.

[0378] By receiving MAC CE in this manner, the UE can quickly perform cell handover even when there are multiple TCI states corresponding to candidate cells.

[0379] <Fifth Implementation Method>

[0380] The MAC CE in the fifth embodiment can also be combined with at least a portion of the MAC CE in the fourth embodiment.

[0381] [Method 5-1]

[0382] Option 1: The same MAC sub-header with eLCID as previous MAC CEs is applied. Specific bits in the MAC CE (e.g., the first bit of Oct 1) can also indicate whether the cell setting in subsequent MAC CEs is for the serving cell or a candidate cell. In this case, previous MAC CEs (e.g., ...) can be reused. Figure 9 For example, a specific bit being 0 indicates that the subsequent cell is configured as a serving cell, while a specific bit being 1 indicates that the subsequent cell is configured as a candidate cell.

[0383] Option 2: A new MAC CE (different from the MAC CE used by the serving cell) containing the candidate cell's TCI status ID can also be applied. In this case, there is no need to configure the bits indicating whether it is the serving cell or the candidate cell.

[0384] [Method 5-2]

[0385] The new MAC CE contains information representing more than one candidate cell using the TCI status ID, Pi, D / U, and at least one TCI status ID.

[0386] Alternatively, Pi can be set for each candidate cell, where Pi = 1 indicates multiple TCI states and Pi = 0 indicates a single TCI state. Alternatively, D / U can be set for each TCI state ID, where D / U = 1 indicates a combined / downlink TCI state and D / U = 0 indicates an uplink TCI state. The TCI state ID can also be, for example, 6 bits or 7 bits.

[0387] As information indicating one or more candidate cells using the TCI status ID, any of the following options are applied.

[0388] Option 1: Candidate cell ID for TCI status activation.

[0389] Option 2: Bitmap (each bit corresponds to a candidate cell).

[0390] In the case of Option 1, regarding the setting / indication of the number (C) of candidate cells that a single MAC CE can simultaneously activate in TCI state, the following options are further considered.

[0391] Option 1-1: C can be set to the UE via RRC signaling, can be predetermined by specifications, can be determined based on the UE's capabilities, or can be set / instructed / determined to the UE via a combination of these.

[0392] Option 1-2: C can also be indicated via this single MAC CE.

[0393] Figure 25 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of the MAC CE for option 1-1 of representation 5-2. In this example, the number of candidate cells is set to 4. In this case, the details described later are unnecessary. Figure 26A and Figure 26B E1~E3.

[0394] Figure 26A and Figure 26B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of the MAC CE for option 1-2 of representation 5-2. In this example, E1~E3 represent the presence or absence of Cell IDs 1~3, respectively (e.g., 0: not present, 1: present). Since at least one candidate cell exists (Cell ID 0 in this example), E0 may not be included.

[0395] The total number of candidate cells set for the activation of LTM / TCI status can be set to the UE via RRC signaling, determined in advance by specifications, determined based on UE capabilities, or a combination of these can be set / indicated / determined to the UE.

[0396] Figure 27A and Figure 27B This is a diagram illustrating an example of a portion of MAC CE representing option 2 of mode 5-2. Figure 27A and Figure 27B Cell#i in Figure 27A The range is 0-7. Figure 27B The values ​​0 to 6 correspond to candidate cells and indicate whether the corresponding candidate cell's TCI status ID exists in the MAC CE (e.g., 0: does not exist, 1: exists).

[0397] Furthermore, the MAC CE of this method can also be combined with any MAC CE of the fourth embodiment. For example, Figure 25 , Figure 26A and Figure 26B , Figure 27A and Figure 27B It may also further include serving cell ID, DL / UL BWP ID, Pi, D / U, TCI status ID, R, etc. Furthermore, the MAC CE of this method can also be combined with any MAC CE of the first / second implementation method.

[0398] In MAC CE, the UE is notified of the number of candidate cells, the existence of candidate cells, and the presence or absence of the TCI status ID of the candidate cells, thus enabling efficient processing without unnecessary read-in.

[0399] <Sixth Implementation Method>

[0400] The UE may also receive the MAC CE of this disclosure in at least one of the PCell and SCell.

[0401] In the case that the MAC CE in this disclosure includes more than 1 TCI status IDs assigned to both the candidate cell and the serving cell, any of the following options may also be applied.

[0402] Option 1: UE activation is only set to the TCI state of the serving cell.

[0403] Option 2: UE activation is only set to the TCI state of the candidate cell.

[0404] Option 3: UE activation is set to the TCI state of both the candidate cell and the serving cell.

[0405] According to this implementation, the TCI status IDs of the candidate cell and the serving cell are notified through a single MAC CE, thus suppressing overhead.

[0406] <Supplement>

[0407] [Notification of information to the UE]

[0408] The notification of any information from the network (NW) (e.g., the base station (BS)) to the UE in the above-described embodiments (in other words, the reception of any information from the BS in the UE) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0409] In cases where the aforementioned notification is made via a MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not specified in existing standards.

[0410] When the above notification is made through a DCI, it can also be made through specific fields of the DCI, the Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used in the scrambling of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0411] Furthermore, the notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments can also be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0412] [Notification from UE]

[0413] The notification of any information from the UE (for the NW) in the above embodiments (in other words, the transmission / reporting of any information from the UE for the BS) can also be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0414] In cases where the aforementioned notification is made via a MAC CE, the MAC CE can also be identified by including a new LCID, which is not specified in the existing standard, in the MAC subheader.

[0415] If the above notification is sent via UCI, PUCCH or PUSCH can also be used.

[0416] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments can also be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or non-periodically.

[0417] [Regarding the application of each implementation method]

[0418] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied under certain conditions. These specific conditions can be specified in the standard or notified to the UE / BS using higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0419] At least one of the above-described implementation methods can also be applied only to UEs that have reported a specific UE capability or UEs that support that specific UE capability. Furthermore, "support" and "whether to support" can be interchanged.

[0420] This specific UE capability can also represent at least one of the following:

[0421] • Supports specific processing / operation / control / information related to at least one of the above embodiments;

[0422] • The number of TCI status IDs, RS IDs, and L1-RSRPs (maximum number) contained in a single MAC CE used for UL cell handover commands;

[0423] • Supports MAC CE for UL cell handover commands;

[0424] • Supports activation of TCI status for candidate cells based on MAC CE;

[0425] • The number of candidate cell IDs contained in one MAC CE (maximum number);

[0426] • The number of TCI status IDs corresponding to one candidate cell ID included in the MAC CE (maximum number).

[0427] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be capabilities that are applied across the entire frequency (commonly regardless of frequency), capabilities that are applied to each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of cells, bands, band combinations, BWPs, component carriers, etc.), capabilities that are applied to each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), capabilities that are applied to each subcarrier spacing (SCS), or capabilities that are applied to each feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0428] Furthermore, the aforementioned specific UE capabilities can be either capabilities that are applied across the entire duplex mode (commonly regardless of the duplex mode) or capabilities that are specific to each duplex mode (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0429] Furthermore, at least one of the above embodiments can also be applied when the UE is set / activated / triggered by specific information associated with the above embodiments (or performs the operations of the above embodiments) via higher-layer signaling / physical layer signaling. For example, the specific information can also be any RRC parameter for a specific release (e.g., Rel.18 / 19).

[0430] Even if at least one of the aforementioned specific UE capabilities is not supported, or if the aforementioned specific information is not set, the UE may, for example, apply the operation of Rel.15 / 16 / 17.

[0431] (Postscript)

[0432] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the following invention is noted.

[0433] [Postscript 1]

[0434] A terminal having:

[0435] The transmitting unit transmits a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, wherein the MAC CE contains information indicating the target cell for cell handover; and

[0436] The control unit switches the serving cell for the target cell.

[0437] [Postscript 2]

[0438] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0439] The MAC CE includes at least one of the following: Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status ID, information indicating whether the corresponding TCI status ID is a combined or downlink TCI status or an uplink TCI status, Reference Signal (RS) ID, and Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP).

[0440] [Postscript 3]

[0441] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0442] The MAC CE includes a Timing Advance Group (TAG) ID, i.e., a TAG ID, and at least one timing advance command.

[0443] [Postscript 4]

[0444] The terminal as described in any one of Annexes 1 to 3, wherein,

[0445] Based on the content of the MAC CE, the control unit decides whether to perform L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) without a Random Access Channel (RACH), i.e., LTM without RACH, or LTM based on RACH.

[0446] (Postscript)

[0447] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the invention is further described below.

[0448] [Postscript 1]

[0449] A terminal having:

[0450] The transmitting unit transmits a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, wherein the MAC CE includes a Reference Signal (RS) ID, i.e., the RS ID, and the measurement result of the RS; and

[0451] The control unit switches the serving cell for the target cell corresponding to the RS.

[0452] [Postscript 2]

[0453] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0454] The MAC CE contains information indicating whether the RS ID is used in the target cell for handover of the serving cell.

[0455] [Postscript 3]

[0456] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0457] The MAC CE includes the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) corresponding to the RS ID.

[0458] [Postscript 4]

[0459] The terminal as described in any one of Annexes 1 to 3, wherein,

[0460] Based on the content of the MAC CE, the control unit decides whether to perform L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) without a Random Access Channel (RACH), i.e., LTM without RACH, or LTM based on RACH.

[0461] (Postscript)

[0462] With respect to one embodiment of this disclosure, the invention is further described below.

[0463] [Postscript 1]

[0464] A terminal having:

[0465] The receiving unit receives a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) containing the TCI status IDs of one or more candidate cells. The MAC CE is used to transmit the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status, i.e., whether the TCI is activated or deactivated.

[0466] The control unit switches the serving cell to the target cell corresponding to the candidate cell.

[0467] [Postscript 2]

[0468] The terminal as described in Appendix 1, wherein,

[0469] The MAC CE contains information indicating whether the TCI status ID of the one or more candidate cells is included in the MAC CE.

[0470] [Postscript 3]

[0471] The terminal as described in Appendix 1 or Appendix 2, wherein,

[0472] The MAC CE contains bits for each candidate cell indicating the ID of the one or more candidate cells used for TCI state activation, or the presence or absence of the TCI state ID of the one or more candidate cells in the MAC CE.

[0473] [Postscript 4]

[0474] The terminal as described in any one of Annexes 1 to 3, wherein,

[0475] The MAC CE contains information indicating whether the cell configuration within the MAC CE is for serving cells or candidate cells.

[0476] (Wireless communication system)

[0477] The structure of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one or a combination of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure.

[0478] Figure 28This is a diagram illustrating an example of the schematic structure of a wireless communication system according to one implementation. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be referred to simply as System 1) may also be a system that uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) as standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0479] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple radio access technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC can also include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0480] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0481] Wireless communication system 1 can also support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (e.g., MN and SN are dual connectivity of NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0482] The wireless communication system 1 may also include: a base station 11 forming a macro cell C1 with a relatively wide coverage area, and a base station 12 (12a-12c) configured within the macro cell C1 and forming a small cell C2 narrower than the macro cell C1. User terminals 20 may also be located within at least one cell. The configuration and number of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the arrangement shown in the figure. Hereinafter, without distinguishing between base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0483] User terminal 20 may also be connected to at least one of multiple base stations 10. User terminal 20 may also utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CC) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0484] Each CC can also be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). Macro cell C1 can also be included in FR1, and small cell C2 can also be included in FR2. For example, FR1 can also be a frequency band below 6 GHz (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 can also be a frequency band above 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). In addition, the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these; for example, FR1 can also be equivalent to a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0485] In addition, in each CC, user terminal 20 can also use at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) for communication.

[0486] Multiple base stations 10 can also be connected via wired (e.g., fiber optic cable based on the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication between base stations 11 and 12 is used as a backhaul, base station 11, which is equivalent to a host station, can also be referred to as an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is equivalent to a relay station, can also be referred to as an IAB node.

[0487] Base station 10 may also be connected to core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. Core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0488] The core network 30 may also include, for example, user plane functions (UPF), access and mobility management functions (AMF), session management functions (SMF), unified data management (UDM), application functions (AF), data network (DN), location management functions (LMF), and network functions (NF) such as operation, administration and maintenance (OAM). Alternatively, a single network node may provide multiple functions. Furthermore, communication with external networks (e.g., the Internet) can also be conducted via the DN.

[0489] User terminal 20 can also be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0490] In wireless communication system 1, wireless access methods based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) can also be used. For example, in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) links, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) can also be used.

[0491] Wireless access methods can also be referred to as waveforms. In addition, in wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (e.g., other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) can also be applied in the wireless access methods of UL and DL.

[0492] As a downlink channel, the wireless communication system 1 can also use downlink shared channels (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)), broadcast channels (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), downlink control channels (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)) and so on, which are shared among the user terminals 20.

[0493] In addition, as uplink channels, the wireless communication system 1 may also use uplink shared channels (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)), uplink control channels (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), random access channels (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) and so on, which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0494] User data, high-level control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and high-level control information can also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) can be transmitted via PBCH.

[0495] Lower-layer control information can also be transmitted via PDCCH. This lower-layer control information may include, for example, downlink control information (DCI), which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0496] Additionally, the DCI for scheduling PDSCH can also be called DL allocation, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling PUSCH can also be called UL authorization, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH can be rewritten as DL data, and PUSCH can be rewritten as UL data.

[0497] In PDCCH detection, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space can also be utilized. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. The search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A CORESET can also be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE can also monitor CORESETs associated with a specific search space based on search space settings.

[0498] A search space can also correspond to a PDCCH candidate that matches one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces can also be referred to as a search space set. In addition, the terms "search space", "search space set", "search space setting", "search space set setting", "CORESET", "CORESET setting" and the like in this disclosure can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0499] Uplink control information (UCI) can also be transmitted via PUCCH, including at least one of the following: Channel State Information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (e.g., also known as Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACK knowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and Scheduling Request (SR). Random access preambles used for establishing a connection with the cell can also be transmitted via PRACH.

[0500] In addition, in this disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc., may be described without the word "link". Furthermore, various channels may be described without the word "physical".

[0501] In wireless communication system 1, synchronization signals (SS) and downlink reference signals (DL-RS) can also be transmitted. In wireless communication system 1, as DL-RS, cell-specific reference signals (CRS), channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), demodulation reference signals (DMRS), positioning reference signals (PRS), and phase tracking reference signals (PTRS) can also be transmitted.

[0502] Synchronization signals can be, for example, at least one of the primary synchronization signal (PSS) and the secondary synchronization signal (SSS). A signal block containing SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) can also be called an SS / PBCH block, SS block (SSB), etc. In addition, SS, SSB, etc. can also be called reference signals.

[0503] Furthermore, in wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) can also transmit measurement reference signals (sounding reference signals (SRS)) and demodulation reference signals (DMRS). Additionally, DMRS can also be referred to as user terminal-specific reference signals (UE-specific reference signals).

[0504] (Base station)

[0505] Figure 29 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmit / receive unit 120, a transmit / receive antenna 130, and a transmission path interface (transmission line interface) 140. Alternatively, the control unit 110, the transmit / receive unit 120, the transmit / receive antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140 may each be provided in more than one manner.

[0506] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the base station 10 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0507] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0508] The control unit 110 can also control signal generation and scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping). The control unit 110 can also control transmission, reception, and measurement using the transmit / receive unit 120, transmit / receive antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmit / receive unit 120. The control unit 110 can also perform call processing (setting, releasing, etc.) of the communication channel, status management of the base station 10, and management of wireless resources.

[0509] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may also include a transmitting processing unit 1211 and a receiving processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuitry, baseband circuitry, filters, phase shifters, measurement circuitry, transmitting / receiving circuitry, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0510] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0511] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0512] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also transmit the aforementioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can also receive the aforementioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0513] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0514] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) may, for example, perform processing at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0515] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (transmitting processing unit 1211) can also perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may also include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (as needed), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0516] For baseband signals, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signals through the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0517] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) can also amplify, filter, demodulate baseband signals, etc., for the wireless frequency band signals received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 130.

[0518] For the acquired baseband signal, the transmitting and receiving unit 120 (receiving and processing unit 1212) can also perform receiving and processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to acquire user data.

[0519] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 can also perform radio resource management (RRM) measurements, channel state information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 can also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 110.

[0520] The transmission path interface 140 can also transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between the device included in the core network 30 (e.g., the network node providing the NF), other base stations 10, etc., and can also acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0521] In addition, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the base station 10 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one of the transmitting and receiving unit 120, the transmitting and receiving antenna 130 and the transmission path interface 140.

[0522] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also receive a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE), which contains information about the target cell representing the cell handover object.

[0523] The control unit 110 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell.

[0524] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also receive a medium access control element (MAC CE) that includes a reference signal (RS) ID and the measurement result of the RS.

[0525] The control unit 110 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell corresponding to the RS.

[0526] The transmitting and receiving unit 120 can also transmit a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) that contains the TCI status IDs of one or more candidate cells and indicates the activation or deactivation of the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status.

[0527] The control unit 110 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell corresponding to the candidate cell.

[0528] (User terminal)

[0529] Figure 30 This diagram illustrates an example of the structure of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Alternatively, more than one of each of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be included.

[0530] Furthermore, while this example primarily illustrates the functional blocks of the characteristic portions of this embodiment, it is also conceivable that the user terminal 20 may also possess other functional blocks required for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may also be omitted.

[0531] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., which are described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0532] The control unit 210 can also control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 can also control transmission, reception, measurement, etc., using the transmission / reception unit 220 and the transmission / reception antenna 230. The control unit 210 can also generate data, control information, sequences, etc., to be transmitted as signals and forward them to the transmission / reception unit 220.

[0533] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may also include a transmitting processing unit 2211 and a receiving processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0534] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can be configured as a single integrated transmitting and receiving unit, or it can be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit can also be composed of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit can also be composed of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0535] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be constructed from an antenna, such as an array antenna, as described based on common knowledge in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0536] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc., mentioned above. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc., mentioned above.

[0537] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 may also use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), etc., to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0538] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) may, for example, perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control) on the data and control information obtained from the control unit 210, and generate the bit string to be transmitted.

[0539] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (transmitting processing unit 2211) can also perform channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filter processing, DFT processing (as needed), IFFT processing, precoding, digital-to-analog conversion and other transmission processing on the bit string to be transmitted, and output the baseband signal.

[0540] Furthermore, whether or not to apply DFT processing can be based on the transform precoding settings. For a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), if transform precoding is activated, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform DFT processing as described above in order to transmit the channel using the DFT-s-OFDM waveform. If not, the transmit / receive unit 220 (transmit processing unit 2211) can perform the above transmission processing without performing DFT processing.

[0541] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to the wireless frequency band, and transmit the wireless frequency band signal through the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0542] On the other hand, the transmitting and receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) can also amplify, filter, demodulate, etc., the signals of the wireless frequency band received by the transmitting and receiving antenna 230.

[0543] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 (receiving and processing unit 2212) can also perform receiving and processing on the acquired baseband signal, such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (as needed), filter processing, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may also include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing, to obtain user data.

[0544] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measurement unit 223) can also perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 can also perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 can also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results can also be output to the control unit 210.

[0545] Additionally, the measurement unit 223 can also derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources can be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. Furthermore, the measurement unit 223 can also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources can be at least one of NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. Additionally, CSI-IM can also be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM), and can be interchanged with zero power (ZP) CSI-RS. Furthermore, in this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZPCSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0546] Alternatively, the transmitting and receiving units of the user terminal 20 in this disclosure may also be composed of at least one transmitting / receiving unit 220 and transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0547] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also transmit a Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE), which contains information indicating the target cell for cell handover.

[0548] The control unit 210 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell.

[0549] The MAC CE may also include at least one of the following: Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status ID, information indicating whether the corresponding TCI status ID is a combined or downlink TCI status or an uplink TCI status, Reference Signal (RS) ID, and Layer 1-Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP).

[0550] The MAC CE may also include a Timing Advance Group (TAG) ID and at least one Timing Advance Command.

[0551] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also transmit a medium access control element (MAC CE) that includes a reference signal (RS) ID and the measurement result of the RS.

[0552] The control unit 210 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell corresponding to the RS.

[0553] The MAC CE may also include information indicating whether the RS ID is used in the target cell for handover of the serving cell.

[0554] The MAC CE may also include a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI) corresponding to the RS ID.

[0555] The control unit 210 can also determine, based on the content of the MAC CE, whether to perform L1L2-triggered mobility (LTM) without a Random Access Channel (RACH) or to perform LTM based on RACH.

[0556] The transmitting and receiving unit 220 can also receive the Medium Access Control Element (MAC CE) contained in the TCI status ID of one or more candidate cells, which is used to activate or deactivate the Transmission Configuration Indication (TCI) status.

[0557] The control unit 210 can also switch the serving cell for the target cell corresponding to the candidate cell.

[0558] The MAC CE may also contain information indicating whether the TCI status ID of the one or more candidate cells is included in the MAC CE.

[0559] The MAC CE may also include bits indicating the IDs of the one or more candidate cells used for TCI state activation, or bits indicating whether the TCI state IDs of the one or more candidate cells exist in each candidate cell of the MAC CE.

[0560] The MAC CE may also contain information indicating whether the cell settings within the MAC CE are for serving cells or candidate cells.

[0561] (Hardware structure)

[0562] Furthermore, the block diagrams used in the description of the above embodiments illustrate functional units. These functional blocks (structural units) are implemented through any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Moreover, the implementation method of each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block can be implemented using a single device that is physically or logically combined, or it can be implemented by directly or indirectly (e.g., using wired, wireless, etc.) connecting two or more physically or logically separate devices. A functional block can also be implemented by combining the aforementioned single device or multiple devices with software.

[0563] Here, the functions include judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, export, investigation, search, confirmation, receiving, sending, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, regard as, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assigning, but are not limited to these. For example, a functional block (structural unit) that implements the sending function can also be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method is not particularly limited.

[0564] For example, in one embodiment of this disclosure, the base station, user terminal, etc., can also function as a computer for processing the wireless communication method of this disclosure. Figure 31 This diagram illustrates an example of the hardware structure of a base station and a user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above can also be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage device 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0565] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit can be interchanged. The hardware structure of base station 10 and user terminal 20 can be configured to include one or more of the apparatuses shown in the figures, or it can be configured not to include any of the apparatuses.

[0566] For example, only one processor 1001 is shown, but there can be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing can be performed by one processor, or simultaneously, sequentially, or by two or more processors using other methods. Additionally, processor 1001 can be implemented using more than one chip.

[0567] The functions of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 are implemented, for example, by reading specific software (programs) into hardware such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, so that the processor 1001 performs calculations and controls communication via the communication device 1004, or controls at least one of reading out and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage device 1003.

[0568] The processor 1001, for example, enables the operating system to operate and control the computer as a whole. The processor 1001 may also be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic devices, registers, etc. For example, at least some of the control unit 110 (210), the transmit / receive unit 120 (220), etc. described above may also be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0569] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002, and performs various processes accordingly. As a program, a program that causes the computer to perform at least a portion of the operations described in the above embodiments can be used. For example, the control unit 110 (210) can also be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and operated in the processor 1001; similar implementations can be made for other functional blocks.

[0570] The memory 1002 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as being composed of at least one of read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), random access memory (RAM), or other suitable storage media. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory (main storage device), etc. The memory 1002 is capable of storing executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for implementing the wireless communication method according to one embodiment of this disclosure.

[0571] Storage device 1003 may also be a computer-readable recording medium, such as at least one of a flexible disc, floppy disk, optical disk (e.g., compact disc ROM, CD-ROM), digital multifunction disk, Blu-ray disc, removable disk, hard disk drive, smart card, flash memory device (e.g., card, stick, key drive), stripe, database, server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage device 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0572] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting and receiving device) used for communication between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network. It is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network interface card (NIC), communication module, etc. To implement at least one of, for example, Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD), the communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. For example, the aforementioned transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) and transmitting and receiving antenna 130 (230) can also be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting and receiving unit 120 (220) can also be implemented by physically or logically separating the transmitting unit 120a (220a) and the receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0573] Input device 1005 is an input device that receives input from external sources (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). Output device 1006 is an output device that performs output to external sources (e.g., display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). Alternatively, input device 1005 and output device 1006 can also be an integrated structure (e.g., a touch panel).

[0574] Furthermore, the processor 1001, memory 1002, and other devices are connected via a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 can be configured as a single bus or as different buses between the devices.

[0575] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 can also be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), and can also use this hardware to implement part or all of the functional blocks. For example, the processor 1001 can also be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0576] (Variation example)

[0577] Furthermore, the terms described in this disclosure, as well as those necessary for understanding this disclosure, may be rewritten with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol, and signal (signal or signaling) may be interchanged. Additionally, a signal may also be a message. A reference signal may also be abbreviated as RS, and may be referred to as pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applied standard. Furthermore, a component carrier (CC) may also be referred to as cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0578] A radio frame can also be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) that constitutes a radio frame can also be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe can also be composed of one or more time slots in the time domain. A subframe can also be a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) independent of the parameter set (numerology).

[0579] Here, the parameter set can also refer to communication parameters applied in at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. For example, the parameter set can also represent at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processing performed by the transmitter and receiver in the time domain.

[0580] In the time domain, a time slot can also be composed of one or more symbols (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols, etc.). In addition, a time slot can also be a time unit based on a set of parameters.

[0581] A time slot can also contain multiple mini-time slots. Each mini-time slot can also consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Furthermore, a mini-time slot can also be called a sub-time slot. A mini-time slot can also consist of fewer symbols than a time slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a mini-time slot can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using mini-time slots can also be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0582] Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols all represent time units for transmitting signals. Radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols can also use their respective other names. Furthermore, the time units such as frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols in this disclosure can be interchanged.

[0583] For example, a subframe can also be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes can also be called a TTI, and a time slot or a mini-time slot can also be called a TTI. That is to say, at least one of the subframe and TTI can be a subframe in the existing LTE (1ms), a period shorter than 1ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1ms. In addition, the unit representing TTI may not be called a subframe, but a time slot, mini-time slot, etc.

[0584] Here, TTI refers, for example, to the smallest unit of time for scheduling in wireless communication. For instance, in an LTE system, the base station schedules radio resources (frequency bandwidth, transmit power, etc., available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0585] TTI can also be a unit of time for transmitting channel-coded data packets (transmission blocks), code blocks, codewords, etc., and can also be a unit of processing such as scheduling and link adaptation. In addition, when a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) mapped to transmission blocks, code blocks, codewords, etc. can be shorter than the TTI.

[0586] Additionally, where a time slot or a mini-time slot is referred to as a TTI, more than one TTI (i.e., more than one time slot or more than one mini-time slot) can also be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Furthermore, the number of time slots (mini-time slots) constituting the minimum time unit of the schedule can also be controlled.

[0587] A TTI with a duration of 1 ms can also be referred to as a normal TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel.8-12), standard TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, standard subframe, long subframe, time slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI can also be referred to as a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial TTI (partial or fractional TTI), shortened subframe, short subframe, mini time slot, sub-time slot, time slot, etc.

[0588] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) can also be rewritten as a TTI with a duration of less than a long TTI but more than 1 ms.

[0589] A resource block (RB) is a unit of resource allocation in both the time and frequency domains. In the frequency domain, it can also contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB can be the same regardless of the parameter set, for example, it can be 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB can also be determined based on the parameter set.

[0590] Furthermore, an RB can contain one or more symbols in the time domain, and can also be a time slot, a mini-time slot, a subframe, or the length of a TTI. A TTI, a subframe, etc., can also be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0591] In addition, one or more RBs can also be referred to as Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0592] In addition, a resource block can also consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, an RE can also be a radio resource area consisting of a subcarrier and a symbol.

[0593] The Bandwidth Part (BWP) (also referred to as partial bandwidth, etc.) can also represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) used for a certain parameter set in a certain carrier. Here, common RBs can also be determined by the index of RBs based on the common reference point of that carrier. PRBs can also be defined in a BWP and appended with numbers within that BWP.

[0594] A BWP can also include a UL BWP (the BWP used by UL) and a DL BWP (the BWP used by DL). For a UE, one or more BWPs can also be set within a single carrier.

[0595] At least one of the configured BWPs can be active, and the UE may not intend to transmit or receive specific signals / channels outside of the active BWPs. Additionally, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" in this disclosure can be replaced with "BWP".

[0596] Furthermore, the structures described above, such as radio frames, subframes, time slots, mini-time slots, and symbols, are merely illustrative. For example, the number of subframes contained in a radio frame, the number of time slots in each subframe or radio frame, the number of mini-time slots contained within a time slot, the number of symbols and RBs contained in a time slot or mini-time slot, the number of subcarriers contained in an RB, and the number of symbols in a TTI, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length can be varied in many ways.

[0597] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure can be represented by absolute values, relative values ​​with respect to a specific value, or other corresponding information. For example, wireless resources can also be indicated by a specific index.

[0598] In this disclosure, the names used for parameters, etc., are not limiting names in any respect. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions, etc., using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name; therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not limiting names in any respect.

[0599] The information, signals, etc., described in this disclosure can also be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc., which may be mentioned throughout the foregoing description, can also be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0600] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output in at least one of the following directions: from higher level (upper layer) to lower level (lower layer), and from lower layer to higher level. Information, signals, etc., can also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0601] Input and output information, signals, etc., can be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using management tables. Input and output information, signals, etc., can be overwritten, updated, or appended. Output information, signals, etc., can also be deleted. Input information, signals, etc., can also be sent to other devices.

[0602] The notification of information is not limited to the methods / implementations described in this disclosure, and may also be carried out by other methods. For example, the notification of information in this disclosure may also be implemented by physical layer signaling (e.g., downlink control information (DCI), uplink control information (UCI), etc.), higher layer signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB) etc.), medium access control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or combinations thereof.

[0603] In addition, physical layer signaling can also be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. Furthermore, RRC signaling can also be referred to as RRC messages, such as RRC connection setup messages, RRC connection reconfiguration messages, etc. Additionally, MAC signaling can also be notified using, for example, the MAC control element (CE).

[0604] Furthermore, notification of specific information (e.g., a notification of “is X”) is not limited to explicit notification, but can also be implicit (e.g., by not providing that specific information, or by providing other information).

[0605] The determination can be made by a value represented by a single bit (0 or 1), by a true or false value (boolean), or by a numerical comparison (e.g., a comparison with a specific value).

[0606] Whether it is called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or any other name, software should be broadly interpreted as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, program, subprogram, software module, application, software application, software package, routine, subroutine, object, executable file, execution thread, process, function, etc.

[0607] Furthermore, software, instructions, and information can also be sent and received via a transmission medium. For example, when software is sent from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technologies (coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) etc.) and wireless technologies (infrared, microwave, etc.), at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included within the definition of a transmission medium.

[0608] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure are interchangeable. “Network” may also mean devices included in a network (e.g., base stations).

[0609] In this disclosure, the terms “precoding”, “precoder”, “weight (precoding weight)”, “quasi-co-location (QCL)”, “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state)”, “spatial relation”, “spatial domain filter”, “transmit power”, “phase rotation”, “antenna port”, “layer”, “number of layers”, “rank”, “resource”, “resource set”, “beam”, “beam amplitude”, “beam angle”, “antenna”, “antenna element”, “panel”, “UE panel”, “transmitting entity”, and “receiving entity” are used interchangeably.

[0610] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the antenna port and the antenna port used for any signal / channel (e.g., the DeModulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port) can be mutually modified. In this disclosure, the resources and the resources used for any signal / channel (e.g., reference signal resources, SRS resources, etc.) can also be mutually modified. Additionally, resources may also include time / frequency / symbol / space / power resources. Moreover, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0611] The aforementioned groups may include, for example, at least one of the following: spatial relation group, code division multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal (RS) group, control resource set (CORESET) group, PUCCH group, antenna port group (e.g., DMRS port group), layer group, resource group, beam group, antenna group, panel group, etc.

[0612] Furthermore, in this disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET Pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0613] Furthermore, in this disclosure, the TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, and joint TCI state can also be rewritten to each other.

[0614] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL", "QCL concept", "QCL relationship", "QCL type information", "QCL property (QCLproperty / properties)", "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D) property", and "specific QCL type (e.g., type A, type D)" can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0615] In this disclosure, indexes, identifiers (IDs), indicators, indications, resource IDs, etc., can be interchanged. Sequences, lists, sets, groups, clusters, subsets, etc., can also be interchanged.

[0616] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) can be interchanged. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" and "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI states)," or "one or more spatial relationship information," can also be interchanged. TCI state and TCI can also be interchanged. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship can also be interchanged.

[0617] In this disclosure, the terms "Base Station (BS)", "Wireless Base Station", "Fixed Station", "NodeB", "eNB (eNodeB)", "gNB (gNodeB)", "Access Point", "Transmission Point (TP)", "Reception Point (RP)", "Transmission / Reception Point (TRP)", "Panel", "Cell", "Sector", "Cell Group", "Carrier", and "Component Carrier" are used interchangeably. There are also instances where terms such as macro cell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell are used to refer to base stations.

[0618] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be divided into multiple smaller areas, each of which can also provide communication services through a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). Terms such as "cell" or "sector" refer to a portion or all of the coverage area of ​​the base station providing communication services within that coverage area, as well as at least one of the base station subsystems.

[0619] In this disclosure, the information sent by the base station to the terminal and the control / operation instructed by the base station to the terminal based on that information can also be rewritten.

[0620] In this disclosure, the terms “Mobile Station (MS)”, “user terminal”, “user equipment (UE)”, and “terminal” are used interchangeably.

[0621] There are also instances where mobile stations are referred to as subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, handsets, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or several other appropriate terms.

[0622] At least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be referred to as a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station can also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0623] The term "mobile body" refers to a movable object whose speed is arbitrary, including situations where the body is stationary. Examples of such mobile bodies include vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, autonomous two-wheelers, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, trailers, rickshaws, ships (bottles and other watercraft), airplanes, rockets, artificial satellites, drones, multi-rotor aircraft, quadcopters, balloons, and objects carried on them, but are not limited to these. Furthermore, the mobile body can also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on operational commands.

[0624] The mobile entity can be a means of transportation (e.g., a vehicle, an airplane, etc.), a mobile entity moving in an unmanned manner (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (humanized or unmanned). Additionally, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may include a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be an IoT (Internet of Things) device such as a sensor.

[0625] Figure 32 This figure illustrates an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a speed sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a gear shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0626] The drive unit 41 is comprised of at least one of an engine, a motor, or a combination of an engine and a motor. The steering unit 42 is configured to include at least a steering wheel (also called a handlebar) and to perform directional control on at least one of the front wheel 46 and the rear wheel 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel by the user.

[0627] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, a memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (e.g., an input / output (IO) port) 63). Signals from various sensors 50-58 present in the vehicle are input into the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 can also be referred to as an electronic control unit (ECU).

[0628] The signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 that detects the current of the motor, speed signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by speed sensor 51, air pressure signals from front wheel 46 / rear wheel 47 obtained by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals obtained by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals obtained by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal 43 depress amount signals obtained by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal 44 depress amount signals obtained by brake pedal sensor 56, shift lever 45 operation signals obtained by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals obtained by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0629] The information service unit 59 comprises various devices such as a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, used to provide (output) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information obtained from external devices via the communication module 60, etc., to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0630] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that implement output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED light, touch panel, etc.).

[0631] The driver assistance system unit 64 comprises various devices used to provide functions for preventing accidents or reducing the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning devices (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) mapping), gyroscope systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU)) and Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. Furthermore, the driver assistance system unit 64 sends and receives various information via communication module 60 to realize driver assistance or autonomous driving functions.

[0632] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and the constituent elements of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) between the microprocessor 61 and the memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and various sensors 50-58 in the drive unit 41, steering control unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, electronic control unit 49, and the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63.

[0633] The communication module 60 is controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and is a communication device capable of communicating with external devices. For example, it can transmit and receive various types of information between external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 can be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device can be, for example, the aforementioned base station 10, user terminal 20, etc. Furthermore, the communication module 60 can be, for example, at least one of the aforementioned base station 10 and user terminal 20 (or it can function as at least one of the base station 10 and user terminal 20).

[0634] The communication module 60 can also wirelessly transmit to an external device at least one of the signals input to the electronic control unit 49 from the various sensors 50-58, information obtained based on those signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., can also be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 can also contain information based on the aforementioned inputs.

[0635] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) sent from external devices and displays it to the information service unit 59 provided by the vehicle. The information service unit 59 can also be referred to as an information output unit (for example, outputting information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or the data / information decoded from the PDSCH).

[0636] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices into a memory 62 that can be utilized by the microprocessor 61. The microprocessor 61 can also control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, gear shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, and various sensors 50-58 of the vehicle 40 based on the information stored in the memory 62.

[0637] Furthermore, the base station in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a user terminal. For example, various methods / implementations of this disclosure can be applied to structures where communication between the base station and the user terminal is rewritten as communication between multiple user terminals (e.g., also referred to as device-to-device (D2D) or vehicle-to-everything (V2X)). In this case, it can also be configured such that the user terminal 20 has the functions of the base station 10 described above. In addition, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can also be rewritten as terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can also be rewritten as sidelink channel.

[0638] Similarly, the user terminal in this disclosure can also be rewritten as a base station. In this case, it can also be configured such that the base station 10 has the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0639] In this disclosure, actions are assumed to be performed by the base station, and sometimes, depending on the circumstances, by its upper node. Clearly, in a network containing one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal can be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (e.g., considering a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or combinations thereof.

[0640] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be used individually, in combination, or switched as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of the various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can be rearranged as long as they do not contradict each other. For example, with respect to the method described in this disclosure, the illustrated order is used to indicate various steps, but the order in which they are indicated is not limited.

[0641] The various methods / implementations described in this disclosure can also be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or a decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Futuregeneration radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE This includes 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB)), Bluetooth (registered trademark), systems utilizing other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, established, or specified based on them. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., LTE or LTE-A, combinations with 5G, etc.) for application.

[0642] As used in this disclosure, the word "based on" does not mean "based on only" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the word "based on" means both "based on only" and "based on at least".

[0643] Any reference to an element using the designations "first," "second," etc., as used in this disclosure does not comprehensively limit the quantity or order of these elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Therefore, references to the first and second elements do not imply that only two elements may be used, or that the first element must take precedence over the second element in some form.

[0644] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure can encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" can also refer to judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (search, inquiry) (e.g., searching in a table, database, or other data structure), and ascertaining.

[0645] In addition, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), inputting, outputting, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc., as situations where "judgment (decision)" is performed.

[0646] Furthermore, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to situations where resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, or comparing are considered as making a "judgment (decision)". In other words, "judgment (decision)" can also refer to certain actions as situations where a "judgment (decision)" is made. In this disclosure, "judgment (decision)" and the aforementioned operations can also be rewritten interchangeably.

[0647] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" can be interchanged with "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," and "consider / considering." Additionally, in this disclosure, "not assuming to proceed..." and "assuming not to proceed..." can also be interchanged.

[0648] In this disclosure, "expect" and "be expected" can be rewritten interchangeably. For example, "expect(s)......" ("..." can also be expressed using a that clause, to infinitive, etc.) and "be expected......" can also be rewritten interchangeably. "does not expect......" and "be not expected......" can also be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected......" and "Apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect......" can also be rewritten interchangeably (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B can also be a base station).

[0649] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure can refer to the maximum value of the transmit power, the nominal maximum transmit power (the nominal UE maximum transmit power), or the rated maximum transmit power (the rated UE maximum transmit power).

[0650] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or all variations thereof, refer to all direct or indirect connections or combinations between two or more elements, and can include cases where there is one or more intermediate elements between two mutually “connected” or “coupled” elements. The connections or combinations between elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connected” can also be rewritten as “access.”

[0651] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, it is possible to use more than one wire, cable, printed electrical connection, etc., and to use electromagnetic energy with wavelengths in the wireless frequency domain, microwave region, light (both visible and invisible) region as several non-limiting and non-inclusive examples, so that they are "connected" or "combined" with each other.

[0652] In this disclosure, the term "A is different from B" can also mean "A and B are different from each other". Additionally, the term can also mean "A and B are each different from C". Terms such as "separate" and "combined" can also be interpreted in the same way as "different".

[0653] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms, like the term "comprising," mean inclusive. Furthermore, the term "or" as used in this disclosure does not mean XOR.

[0654] In this disclosure, for example, in cases where articles are added through translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may also include cases where the noun following these articles is in a plural form.

[0655] In this disclosure, expressions such as "below," "less than," "above," "more," and "equal to" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," etc., are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be rewritten interchangeably. Additionally, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "large," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," and "narrow," when used as expressions with the prefix "i" (where i is any integer), are not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, and can be rewritten interchangeably (for example, "highest" and "i-th highest" can also be rewritten interchangeably).

[0656] In this disclosure, "of", "for", "regarding", "related to", "associated with", etc., can be rewritten interchangeably.

[0657] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "based on A", "B during / while A", "before A", "at the same time as / on A", "after A", "since A", and "until A" can be rewritten interchangeably. Furthermore, A and B can be appropriately rewritten as nouns, gerunds, or ordinary sentences depending on the context. Additionally, the time difference between A and B can be approximately 0 (immediately following or immediately preceding). Moreover, a time offset can be applied to the time A occurs. For example, "A" can also be rewritten interchangeably with "before / after the time offset of A". The time offset (e.g., more than one symbol / slot) can be predetermined or determined by the UE based on the information it is notified of.

[0658] In this disclosure, timing, moment, time, time instance, arbitrary time unit (e.g., time slot, sub-time slot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., can also be rewritten to each other.

[0659] The inventions disclosed herein have been described in detail above. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the inventions disclosed herein are not limited to the embodiments described herein. The description herein is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the inventions disclosed herein in any way.

Claims

1. A terminal, comprising: The transmitting unit transmits a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, which contains information indicating the target cell for cell handover; and The control unit switches the serving cell for the target cell.

2. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The MAC CE includes at least one of the following: a transmission setting indication (TCI state ID), information indicating whether the corresponding TCI state ID is a combined or downlink TCI state or an uplink TCI state, a reference signal (RS ID), and a Layer 1 reference signal receive power (L1-RSRP).

3. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The MAC CE includes at least one of a timing advance group (TAG ID) and a timing advance command.

4. The terminal as described in claim 1, wherein, The control unit determines, based on the content of the MAC CE, whether to perform L1L2-triggered mobility without a random access channel (i.e., LTM without RACH) or LTM based on RACH.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising: The step of sending a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, wherein the MAC CE contains information indicating the target cell for cell handover; and The steps for switching serving cells for the target cell.

6. A base station, comprising: The receiving unit receives a Media Access Control (MAC) CE, which contains information indicating the target cell for cell handover; and The control unit switches the serving cell for the target cell.

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