Dynamic coarse-grain mineral pre-selection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a dynamic coarse-grain mineral preselection device and method.The device comprises an ore feeding opening, a driving mechanism, a chute, a magnetic system and an ore receiving hopper, the height of the chute is sequentially reduced in the direction from the axis to the edge, and the chute is driven by the driving mechanism to rotate by 360 degrees along the axis; the magnetic system is arranged below the chute and divides the chute into a magnetic field area and a non-magnetic ore unloading area; the ore feeding opening is formed above the axis of the chute, and the ore receiving hoppers are arranged on the edges of the magnetic field area and the non-magnetic ore unloading area of the chute. The method is implemented by adopting the device. The device provided by the invention has a dynamic circulation structure, breaks through the processing capacity bottleneck of traditional static equipment, and has the advantages of multi-parameter adjustable design, good adaptability and high concentrate recovery rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mineral processing technology, and in particular to a mineral magnetic separation device and method. Background Technology

[0002] Existing coarse-grained mineral pre-selection equipment mostly employs static magnetic separation or semi-dynamic separation structures. Its core structure typically includes a fixed sluice, a static magnetic field device, and a single discharge port. During the process, the slurry directly enters the fixed sluice; magnetic particles are adsorbed onto the sluice surface under the influence of the magnetic field, while non-magnetic particles are naturally discharged with the slurry. Existing coarse-grained mineral pre-selection equipment has the following drawbacks: (1) Low sorting efficiency: Static or semi-dynamic structures cannot achieve continuous adsorption and removal of magnetic particles, and the processing capacity is limited. The hourly processing capacity of a single unit is usually low. (2) Incomplete removal: Magnetic particles are easily left in the tank due to adsorption force, which leads to a decrease in concentrate recovery rate. (3) Poor adaptability: The tilt angle of the chute, the size of the ditch and the discharge ratio are fixed and cannot be adjusted according to different mineral particle sizes (such as 5-50mm coarse ore), which easily leads to fluctuations in sorting accuracy. (4) Insufficient adjustment flexibility: There is no special structure for controlling the ratio of concentrate and tailings, which makes it difficult to adapt to the sorting needs of ores of different grades. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device and method to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution proposed by this invention is as follows: A dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device includes a feed inlet, a drive mechanism, a sluice, a magnetic system, and a receiving hopper. The height of the sluice decreases sequentially from the axis to the edge, and the sluice rotates 360° along the axis under the drive mechanism. The magnetic system is located below the sluice and divides the sluice into a magnetic field zone and a non-magnetic unloading zone. The feed inlet is located above the axis of the sluice, and the receiving hopper is located at the edge of the magnetic field zone and the non-magnetic unloading zone of the sluice.

[0005] This invention achieves dynamic adsorption and removal of magnetic particles through the continuous 360° rotation of a sluice. After the slurry is fed in from the axis, it flows towards the edge under gravity. The rotation of the sluice causes the magnetic particles to be adsorbed in the magnetic field zone, and then automatically transfers to the non-magnetic unloading zone to detach, forming a continuous operation. Compared with the static or semi-dynamic structures in the prior art, this invention avoids the problem of processing interruption, significantly improves the throughput and sorting efficiency, and increases the hourly throughput of a single unit. Simultaneously, this invention uses a magnetic system to clearly divide the sluice into a magnetic field zone and a non-magnetic unloading zone. When the sluice rotates to the non-magnetic zone, the magnetic field disappears, and the magnetic particles automatically detach under gravity and the subsequent slurry scouring. This design eliminates particle residue caused by residual adsorption force in the prior art, improves concentrate recovery, and ensures thorough removal.

[0006] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, it also includes an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt angle of the chute, wherein the angle adjustment mechanism controls the chute to be tilted at an angle of 3° to 18° along the axis towards the edge.

[0007] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the chute is composed of multiple individually detachable and replaceable fan-shaped plates, and the surface of the fan-shaped plates is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

[0008] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, an angle adjustment mechanism is also included for adjusting the tilt angle of the sluice. This mechanism allows for dynamic adjustment of the sluice tilt angle according to mineral particle size or slurry characteristics, directly solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing equipment. By adjusting the tilt angle, the slurry residence time and flow rate can be controlled, enhancing the equipment's adaptability to different minerals and improving sorting accuracy and operational flexibility.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the upper surface of the chute is provided with adjustable grooves, the depth of which is 1~10mm and the spacing between adjacent grooves is 1~10mm. This adjustable groove design enhances the adaptability to surface texture, effectively capturing and retaining magnetic particles while allowing non-magnetic particles to pass through smoothly. The adjustability of depth and spacing enables the equipment to precisely match minerals of different particle sizes, preventing particle loss or blockage, and further improving sorting accuracy and recovery rate.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, an adjustable weir plate is installed at the edge of the chute, with a height of 10-200mm. The adjustable groove design enhances the adaptability to surface textures, effectively capturing and retaining magnetic particles while allowing non-magnetic particles to pass through smoothly. The adjustability of depth and spacing allows the equipment to precisely match minerals of different particle sizes (such as fine or coarse particles), preventing particle loss or clogging, and further improving sorting accuracy and recovery rate.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, both the magnetic field zone and the non-magnetic unloading zone of the sluice are fan-shaped, with the magnetic field zone having an angle of 270° and the non-magnetic unloading zone having an angle of 90°. This fan-shaped partitioning design optimizes the magnetic field's action time and unloading efficiency. The 270° magnetic field zone ensures sufficient adsorption time for magnetic particles, improving the recovery rate; the 90° non-magnetic zone provides ample unloading space, preventing particle residue. This optimized ratio achieves a balance between adsorption and unloading, improving overall sorting efficiency.

[0012] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the feed inlet is equipped with a slurry distributor for evenly distributing the slurry to the center of the sluice. The slurry distributor includes a trough connected to the feed inlet, with several discharge ports evenly distributed on its side. Each discharge port is equipped with an openable / closable valve that adjusts the discharge speed. The slurry distributor ensures the slurry is evenly distributed to the center of the sluice, preventing localized accumulation or uneven flow and ensuring a stable and uniform separation process. This enhances the equipment's ability to handle slurry fluctuations consistently, improves separation accuracy and efficiency, and reduces accuracy fluctuations caused by uneven feeding.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the magnetic system is an electromagnetic magnetic system with adjustable magnetic field strength.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment of the above technical solution, the dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device also includes a control system. This control system is communicatively connected to the drive mechanism and the electromagnetic system, and controls the power of the drive mechanism and the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic system. The control system can employ a PLC controller communicatively connected to the drive mechanism and the electromagnetic system, providing the hardware foundation for automated control that automatically selects appropriate magnetic field strength and rotation speed based on the mineral type. The PLC can also further interact with the feeding device.

[0015] Based on the same technical concept, the present invention also provides a dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection method, implemented using the dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device described above, including the following operations: starting the drive component to rotate the sluice at a set speed, and feeding the slurry to the upper surface of the sluice through the feed port. Under the action of gravity, the slurry flows along the axis of the sluice towards the edge. When the sluice rotates to the magnetic field zone, magnetic mineral particles are attracted to the upper surface of the sluice by the magnetic field force, and non-magnetic particles enter the receiving hopper corresponding to the magnetic field zone with the slurry. When the sluice continues to rotate to the non-magnetic unloading zone, the magnetic particles fall off the upper surface of the sluice under the action of gravity and subsequent slurry scouring, and enter the receiving hopper corresponding to the non-magnetic unloading zone.

[0016] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention achieves a dynamic adsorption-removal cycle of magnetic particles through a 360° continuous rotation of the chute, significantly improving sorting efficiency. A single unit can process 80-120 tons per hour, more than 60% higher than traditional static equipment. Simultaneously, by utilizing a non-magnetic unloading zone combined with gravity and slurry scouring, it enhances concentrate recovery, achieving a magnetic particle removal rate of over 95% and a concentrate recovery rate of over 90%. Adjustable components (chute inclination angle, trough size, and weir height) can accommodate the sorting needs of minerals with different particle sizes (0.074-50mm) and ores of different grades, as well as varying concentrate-to-tails ratios, meeting diverse mineral processing requirements and suitable for large-scale industrial applications.

[0017] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device of Example 1; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the chute structure in Example 1; Figure 3 The hydraulic lifting device for adjusting the angle of the chute is shown in Example 1. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the slurry distributor in Example 1.

[0019] Legend: 1. Feed port; 11. Slurry distributor; 2. Chute; 21. Trench; 22. Weir plate; 23. Magnetic field zone; 24. Non-magnetic unloading zone; 31. Motor; 32. Bearing housing; 33. Central shaft; 4. Magnetic system. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention can be implemented in many different ways as defined and covered by the claims.

[0021] Example 1: like Figure 1 As shown, the dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device of this embodiment includes a feed inlet 1 (pipe diameter DN50~DN100), a drive mechanism, a chute 2, a magnetic system 4, and a receiving hopper ( Figure 1(The hopper is not shown). The drive mechanism includes a motor 31, a bearing housing 32, and a central shaft 33. The height of the chute 2 decreases sequentially from the axis to the edge, and the chute 2 is connected to the bearing housing 32 via the central shaft 33. Driven by the motor 31, it rotates 360° along the axis. The magnetic system 4 (an electromagnetic system with adjustable magnetic field strength) is located below the chute 2, dividing the chute 2 into a magnetic field zone 23 and a non-magnetic unloading zone 24. The feed port 1 is located above the axis of the chute 2, and the feed port 1 is connected to a slurry distributor 11 (such as...). Figure 4 As shown, the slurry distributor includes a tank 111, and several discharge ports 112 are evenly opened on the side of the tank 111. A valve 113 that can be opened and closed and whose discharge speed can be adjusted is provided at the discharge port 112. The receiving hopper is located at the edge of the magnetic field zone 23 and the non-magnetic unloading zone 24 of the chute 2.

[0022] like Figure 2 As shown, the chute 2 is inclined from the axis to the edge, giving the upper surface of the chute 2 a cone-like structure with an inclination angle of 12° (which can be adjusted as needed). Figure 3 The hydraulic lifting device or other lifting device shown can be adjusted to 3°~18°. The surface of the chute 2 can be made of a soft material to adapt to surface changes. The surface of the chute 2 is processed with rectangular grooves 21. The depth of the grooves 21 is set to 2mm and the groove spacing is set to 3mm (it can be replaced with grooves with a depth of 1-10mm and a spacing of 1-10mm according to the mineral particle size). An adjustable weir plate 22 is installed on the wide end edge of the chute 2. The initial height of the weir plate 22 is set to 50mm (it can be replaced with a weir plate with a height of 10~200mm according to the proportion of concentrate and tailings). The magnetic field zone 23 of the chute 2 is fan-shaped (occupying 270° of the entire circular chute). A permanent magnet is installed below it. The non-magnetic unloading zone 24 (occupying 90° of the entire circular chute) has no magnetic field. The receiving hoppers are respectively set below the two zones.

[0023] The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device in this embodiment also includes a control system (PLC controller). The control system is communicatively connected to the magnetic system 4 and the motor 31 to control the rotation speed of the chute 2 and the magnetic field strength of the magnetic system 4, so as to achieve adaptation to different minerals. It is also possible to consider communicatively connecting the PLC controller to the hydraulic lifting device or other lifting device of the chute 2 and the feeding device.

[0024] The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection method of this embodiment is implemented using the dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device of this embodiment, and includes the following operations: adjusting the inclination angle of the sluice 2 to 12°, installing a weir plate 22 with a height of 50mm and a rectangular groove 21 with a height of 2mm, and starting the motor of the drive assembly to rotate the sluice 2 at a speed of 5r / min at 360°; the slurry enters the slurry distributor 11 through the feed port 1, is evenly distributed, and then flows into the sluice 2, flowing towards the edge along the rectangular groove 22; when the sluice 2 rotates to the magnetic field zone 23 (270° position), the magnetic mineral... Non-magnetic particles are attracted to the rectangular groove 21 by magnetic force, while non-magnetic particles overflow from the adjustable weir plate 22 with the slurry or flow out through the opening and enter the tailings receiving hopper. When the chute 2 continues to rotate to the non-magnetic unloading zone 24 (90° position), the magnetic particles lose the magnetic attraction force and fall off from the rectangular groove 21 under the action of gravity and subsequent slurry scouring, or flow out through the opening and enter the concentrate receiving hopper. If it is necessary to adjust the concentrate grade, the height of the weir plate 22 can be changed (e.g., 80mm) to reduce the tailings discharge, or the height can be lowered (e.g., 30mm) to increase the tailings discharge.

[0025] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. For those skilled in the art, improvements and modifications obtained without departing from the inventive concept should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device, comprising a feed inlet (1), a drive mechanism, a sluice (2), a magnetic system, and a receiving hopper, characterized in that, The height of the chute (2) decreases sequentially from the axis to the edge, and the chute (2) rotates 360° along the axis under the drive of the drive mechanism; the magnetic system is set below the chute (2) and divides the chute (2) into a magnetic field zone (23) and a non-magnetic unloading zone (24); the feed port (1) is set above the axis of the chute (2), and the receiving hopper is set at the edge of the magnetic field zone (23) and the non-magnetic unloading zone (24) of the chute (2).

2. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an angle adjustment mechanism for adjusting the tilt angle of the chute (2), which controls the chute (2) to tilt at an angle of 3° to 18° along the axis toward the edge.

3. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chute (2) is composed of multiple individually detachable and replaceable fan-shaped plates, and the surface of the fan-shaped plates is provided with a wear-resistant coating.

4. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper surface of the chute (2) is provided with an adjustable groove (21), the depth of the groove (21) is 1~10mm, and the distance between adjacent grooves (21) is 1~10mm.

5. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chute (2) is equipped with an adjustable weir plate (22) at its edge, and the height of the weir plate (22) is 10~200mm.

6. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic field zone (23) and the non-magnetic unloading zone (24) of the chute (2) are both fan-shaped structures, with the magnetic field zone (23) having an angle of 270° and the non-magnetic unloading zone (24) having an angle of 90°.

7. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The feed inlet (1) is equipped with a slurry distributor (11) for evenly distributing the slurry to the center of the chute (2); the slurry distributor includes a tank body (111), and a plurality of discharge ports (112) are evenly opened on the side of the tank body (111), and a valve (113) that can be opened and closed and whose discharge speed can be adjusted is provided at the discharge port (112).

8. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The magnetic system (4) is an electromagnetic system with adjustable magnetic field strength.

9. The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a control system, which is communicatively connected to the drive mechanism and the electromagnetic system, and controls the power of the drive mechanism and the magnetic field strength of the electromagnetic system.

10. A dynamic method for pre-selecting coarse-grained minerals, characterized in that, The dynamic coarse-grained mineral pre-selection device according to any one of claims 1-7 is implemented, including the following operations: starting the drive component to make the sluice (2) rotate at a set speed, and feeding the slurry to the upper surface of the sluice (2) through the feed port. Under the action of gravity, the slurry flows along the axis of the sluice (2) towards the edge. When the sluice (2) rotates to the magnetic field zone (23), the magnetic mineral particles are attracted to the upper surface of the sluice (2) by the magnetic field force, and the non-magnetic particles enter the receiving hopper corresponding to the magnetic field zone (23) with the slurry. When the sluice (2) continues to rotate to the non-magnetic unloading zone (24), the magnetic particles fall off the upper surface of the sluice (2) under the action of gravity and subsequent slurry scouring, and enter the receiving hopper corresponding to the non-magnetic unloading zone (24).

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