High-efficiency returning planting method for liquid manure in rice-wheat rotation area
By precisely controlling the timing, method, and dosage of liquid manure application, combined with dynamic closed-loop management and pest and disease control, the problems of low fertilizer utilization and environmental pollution in traditional liquid manure application methods have been solved, achieving efficient rice and wheat return to the field and increased yield.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- JIANGSU XUHUAI DISTRICT HUAIYIN AGRI SCI RES INST
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Traditional liquid manure application methods are seriously misaligned with the nutrient requirements of rice and wheat during their critical growth stages, resulting in low fertilizer utilization, significant ammonia volatilization losses, severe phosphorus loss, and a lack of precise measurement, which affects crop growth and poses environmental risks.
By precisely controlling the timing, method, and dosage of liquid manure application, adopting dynamic closed-loop management, combining injection-based deep application and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment, applying chemical fertilizers, strengthening pest and disease control, and implementing a management system of measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment, the efficient return of liquid manure to the field can be achieved.
It significantly reduces ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses, increases soil organic matter, improves fertilizer utilization, reduces production costs, and enhances rice and wheat yields, achieving a win-win situation for both environmental and economic benefits.
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Figure CN121942518A_ABST
Abstract
Description
A High-Efficiency Method for Returning Liquid Manure to the Field in Rice-Wheat Rotation Areas Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural resource utilization and green planting technology, and in particular to a method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas. Background Technology
[0002] Rice-wheat rotation is an important planting pattern in my country's major grain-producing areas, while the resource utilization of liquid manure formed by the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure through anaerobic fermentation and other methods is the key to connecting the livestock and planting industries.
[0003] However, traditional methods of applying liquid manure are generally seriously misaligned with the nutrient requirements of rice and wheat during their critical growth stages, resulting in low fertilizer utilization. Surface application causes significant ammonia volatilization losses and severe phosphorus loss. Furthermore, the lack of precise measurement based on soil and manure nutrients leads to insufficient or excessive fertilization, affecting crop growth and posing environmental risks, thus severely restricting its efficient utilization. Therefore, this invention proposes an efficient liquid manure application method for rice-wheat rotation areas to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, the present invention aims to propose an efficient method for returning liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas. This method, through systematic implementation and dynamic closed-loop management of three precise dimensions—timing, method, and dosage—significantly reduces ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses, effectively controls agricultural non-point source pollution, and steadily increases soil organic matter. Through precise substitution, it can significantly reduce fertilizer input, lower production costs, improve fertilizer utilization, and increase annual rice and wheat yields, thereby increasing income.
[0005] To achieve the objectives of this invention, the invention is implemented through the following technical solution: a method for efficient application of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas, comprising the following steps:
[0006] Step 1: Apply harmless liquid manure. Before each application, test the ammonia nitrogen content of the liquid manure and calculate the dosage based on an ammonia nitrogen content of 1500mg per standard ton.
[0007] Step 2: Based on the fertilizer requirements of rice and wheat at different growth stages, apply the liquid manure at least twice.
[0008] Step 3: Use a combination of injection-type deep application and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment for returning the fertilizer to the field, and avoid applying it before or during rainy days.
[0009] Step 4: Based on the nutrient supply of the liquid manure, apply an insufficient amount of chemical fertilizer and strengthen targeted pest and disease control.
[0010] Step 5: Implement a dynamic management closed loop of "measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment" to monitor soil, manure nutrients, and crop growth, and adjust fertilization plans accordingly.
[0011] Further improvements are made in the following: the harmless treatment in step one is that the livestock and poultry manure is treated by an upflow anaerobic digester or an HDPE black film biogas anaerobic fermentation project. The treated liquid manure has an oxidation-reduction potential greater than 0mV, an ammonia nitrogen content greater than 200mg / L, and no foul odor or solid residue.
[0012] A further improvement is made in step two, where the application of liquid manure during the rice season is based on a target yield of 600 kg / mu, with a total application rate of 8.5-10 standard tons / 667m³. 2 It should be applied in two stages during the basal fertilizer stage and the tillering stage; for wheat season, the application should be based on a target yield of 500 kg / mu, with a total liquid manure application of 5-6 standard tons / 667m³. 2 It should be applied in several applications during the overwintering period and the greening and jointing period.
[0013] The further improvement lies in the following: the specific application rate during the rice season is 10 standard tons / 667m² for conventional japonica rice fields. 2 The base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for direct-seeded rice fields are each applied at a rate of 5 standard tons / 667m². 2 For machine-transplanted rice paddies, apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 6 standard tons / 667m 2 For hybrid indica rice fields, the total dosage is 8.5 standard tons / 667m². 2 Apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 4.5 standard tons / 667m 2 .
[0014] A further improvement is that the wheat season application specifically refers to applying 2 standard tons / 667m² after wheat sowing and emergence until the overwintering period. 2 Apply 3-4 standard tons / 667m² of fertilizer during the wheat's greening-up to tillering and jointing stage. 2 .
[0015] Further improvements are made in the following aspects: in step three, the application uniformity coefficient in the field is ensured to be above 85%, and the interval between fertilization and rainfall is not less than 7 days.
[0016] Further improvements are made in the following aspects: In step four, the application of chemical fertilizers includes applying compound fertilizers according to the crop's nutritional needs during the heading stage to prevent excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity; pest and disease control includes focusing on migratory pests, rice blast, and rice false smut during the rice season, and focusing on planthoppers and Fusarium head blight during the wheat season.
[0017] Further improvements are made in the following steps: In step five, “measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment”, measurement involves rapidly testing soil and liquid manure nutrients before fertilization and during key growth periods; calculation and determination involve calculating precise dosages based on test data and target yields using a model; and monitoring and adjustment involve fine-tuning the fertilization plan 1-2 times during the mid-growing season by monitoring crop chlorophyll content and soil moisture.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Through the systematic implementation and dynamic closed-loop management of the three precise dimensions of "timing, method and dosage", this invention can significantly reduce ammonia volatilization and nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss, effectively control agricultural non-point source pollution and steadily improve soil organic matter. Through precise substitution, it can significantly reduce fertilizer input and reduce production costs, while improving fertilizer utilization and increasing the annual yield of rice and wheat, thereby increasing income.
[0019] At the same time, this invention efficiently promotes the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, constructs an ecological circular agriculture model that integrates planting and breeding, and ultimately achieves a win-win situation for both environmental and economic benefits. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 is a flowchart of the method for returning crops to the field according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation
[0021] To enhance understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Rice-wheat rotation is an important planting pattern in my country's major grain-producing areas. The resource utilization of liquid manure from livestock and poultry waste that has undergone harmless treatment such as anaerobic fermentation is the key to connecting the livestock and crop farming industries.
[0023] However, traditional methods of applying liquid manure generally have the following problems:
[0024] (1) The timing of fertilization is rough, and a single application of base fertilizer is often used, which is seriously out of sync with the fertilizer requirements of rice and wheat during their critical growth period, resulting in low fertilizer utilization.
[0025] (2) The application method is outdated, mostly surface application, which results in large ammonia volatilization losses (up to 60-70%) and serious phosphorus loss due to runoff;
[0026] (3) The fertilization amount is vague and lacks accurate measurement based on soil and manure nutrients, which often leads to insufficient or excessive fertilization, which affects crop yield and brings environmental risks.
[0027] As shown in Figure 1, this embodiment provides a method for efficient application of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas, including the following steps:
[0028] Step 1: Apply harmless liquid manure. Before each application, test the ammonia nitrogen content of the liquid manure and calculate the dosage based on an ammonia nitrogen content of 1500mg per standard ton.
[0029] The harmless treatment involves processing livestock and poultry manure through an upflow anaerobic digester (UASB) or an HDPE black membrane biogas anaerobic fermentation project. By controlling the fermentation process, fermentation time, and addition of inoculants, the treated liquid manure has an oxidation-reduction potential greater than 0mV, an ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) content greater than 200mg / L, and is odorless and free of solid residue. The treated liquid manure meets the basic requirements of the anaerobic digestion hygiene indicators in GB / T 36195-2018.
[0030] Step 2: Based on the fertilizer requirements of rice and wheat at different growth stages, apply the liquid manure at least twice.
[0031] For rice cultivation, based on a target yield of 600 kg / mu, the total amount of liquid manure used is 8.5-10 standard tons / 667m². 2 It should be applied in two stages, during the basal fertilizer stage and the tillering stage, specifically as follows:
[0032] For conventional japonica rice fields, the total dosage is 10 standard tons / 667m². 2 The base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for direct-seeded rice fields are each applied at a rate of 5 standard tons / 667m². 2 For machine-transplanted rice paddies, apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 6 standard tons / 667m 2 ;
[0033] For hybrid indica rice fields, the total dosage is 8.5 standard tons / 667m². 2 Apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 4.5 standard tons / 667m 2 .
[0034] For wheat season applications, based on a target yield of 500 kg / mu, the total amount of liquid manure used is 5-6 standard tons / 667m². 2 It should be applied in several applications during the overwintering and greening-up stages, specifically 2 standard tons per 667m² from the time wheat sowing and emergence until the overwintering period. 2 Apply 3-4 standard tons / 667m² of fertilizer during the wheat's greening-up to tillering and jointing stage. 2 .
[0035] Step 3: Use a combination of injection-type deep application and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment for returning manure to the field, and avoid applying it before or during rainy days to achieve uniform deep application or covering of manure, significantly reducing environmental emissions.
[0036] The application of fertilizer to the field should be carried out in a uniformity coefficient of over 85%, and the interval between fertilization and rainfall should be no less than 7 days.
[0037] Step 4: Based on the nutrient supply of the liquid manure, apply an insufficient amount of chemical fertilizer and strengthen targeted pest and disease control.
[0038] The application of chemical fertilizers includes applying compound fertilizers according to the crop's nutritional needs during the heading stage to prevent excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity;
[0039] Pest and disease control includes key control of migratory pests, rice blast, and rice false smut during the rice season, and key control of planthoppers and Fusarium head blight during the wheat season.
[0040] Step 5: Implement a dynamic management closed loop of "measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment" to monitor soil, manure nutrients, and crop growth, and adjust fertilization plans accordingly.
[0041] Testing involves rapidly detecting soil and liquid manure nutrients before fertilization and during key growth periods. Relying on rapid detection technology, the detection cycle for soil and manure nutrients is shortened to 3-5 days, providing support for rapid decision-making. Calculation and determination are based on the detection data and target yield, using models to calculate precise dosage. Monitoring and adjustment involve fine-tuning the fertilization plan 1-2 times during the mid-growing season by monitoring crop chlorophyll content (SPAD value) and soil moisture, ensuring that the dynamic compliance of the fertilization plan remains at around 95%.
[0042] Implementation Technical Regulations:
[0043] All liquid manure used is produced through the harmless treatment of livestock and poultry manure using an upflow anaerobic digester (UASB) and HDPE black membrane biogas anaerobic fermentation system. The treated manure meets the basic requirements of the anaerobic digestion hygiene standards in GB / T 36195-2018. By controlling the fermentation process, fermentation time, and the addition of microbial inoculants, the applied liquid manure should have an oxidation-reduction potential greater than 0 mV, an ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) content greater than 200 mg / L, and be odorless and free of solid residue.
[0044] Liquid manure is transported via laid HDPE pipelines. Care should be taken to prevent leakage during transport. Three to five days prior to each application of liquid manure at a specific crop growth stage, random sampling and testing of nutrient content, heavy metals, and other indicators should be conducted. The standard ton value should be calculated based on the ammonia nitrogen content in the liquid manure (considering the variations in nutrient content of livestock and poultry manure at different times and with reference to the technical recommendations in the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs' "Technical Guidelines for the Application of Liquid Manure for Major Crops (Draft for Comments)," using 1500 mg of ammonia nitrogen as one standard ton). This conversion should then be used in natural tons for specific application. The heavy metal content in the liquid manure should comply with the limits set by NY / T 2065.
[0045] In the application of liquid manure to rice paddies, with a target yield of 600 kg, the total amount of liquid manure used by pig farms in conventional japonica rice fields is 10 standard tons / 667 m². 2 The base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for direct-seeded rice fields were applied at a rate of 5 standard tons per 667m². 2 5 standard tons / 667m 2 For machine-transplanted rice paddies, 4 standard tons / 667m² of fertilizer were applied. 2 6 standard tons / 667m 2 The total amount of liquid manure used in hybrid indica rice paddies and pig farms is 8.5 standard tons / 667m². 2 Apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 4.5 standard tons / 667m 2 .
[0046] In the application of liquid manure to wheat, with a target yield of 500 kg, the total amount of liquid manure applied per season is 5-6 standard tons / 667 m³. 2 Apply 2 standard tons / 667m² after wheat sowing and seedling emergence until overwintering. 2 Apply 3-4 standard tons / 667m² from the wheat greening stage to the tillering and jointing stage. 2 The specific amount to be applied depends on the condition of the wheat seedlings.
[0047] During the process of returning liquid manure to the field, in order to prevent rice and wheat from becoming vegetative and maturing late, compound fertilizer should be applied according to the crop's nutritional needs during the heading stage. At the same time, the required and insufficient supply of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium should be calculated based on the actual amount of liquid manure used in the pig farm, and a quantitative amount of chemical fertilizer should be applied accordingly. The specific amount of supplementation should be determined based on factors such as target yield, variety characteristics, farming methods, soil nutrient supply status, and the amount of liquid manure supplied to the pig farm.
[0048] In terms of pest and weed control, the use of liquid manure in rice cultivation requires strengthening the prevention and control of migratory pests, rice blast, and rice false smut. The use of chemical pesticides should comply with the requirements of GB / T 8231.
[0049] When using liquid manure to manage wheat, it is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of major diseases and pests such as planthoppers and Fusarium head blight. Liquid manure should not be applied before or on rainy days to prevent nutrient loss due to surface runoff. The interval between the two should be no less than 7 days.
[0050] Actual measurements were conducted at the demonstration site according to the above implementation procedures and methods:
[0051] In a rice-wheat rotation demonstration area, the liquid manure treated by the HDPE black film biogas project in the pig farm was first tested, and its ammonia nitrogen content was confirmed to be 750 mg / L, which met the harmlessness index.
[0052] The plan is to use it for a conventional japonica rice-wheat rotation field with a target yield of 600 kg / mu of rice and 500 kg / mu of wheat.
[0053] During the rice season: Before transplanting, the available nitrogen in the soil was tested and found to be 120 mg / kg. During the basal fertilizer application period, the ammonia nitrogen content of the liquid manure was converted to standard tons (750 mg / L ÷ 1500 mg / standard ton = 0.5 standard tons / ton of manure), and transported to the field through pipelines. It was then applied using an injection-type deep applicator. According to the machine transplanting mode, 4 standard tons / mu were applied as basal fertilizer, which means 8 tons of liquid manure were actually applied.
[0054] After testing the manure composition again during the tillering stage, 6 standard tons / mu (12 tons) were applied as topdressing. At the same time, based on the soil test results, the insufficient phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were supplemented. During the heading stage, an appropriate amount of heading fertilizer was applied based on the leaf color monitoring (SPAD value).
[0055] During the wheat season: Before winter, apply 2 standard tons / mu of liquid manure (calculated as above); during the greening and jointing stage, apply 3.5 standard tons / mu according to the seedling condition. The entire cycle is monitored and adjusted through a closed-loop system.
[0056] The results showed that the ammonia volatilization monitoring value in this field was 65% lower than that in the control area, rice and wheat yields increased by 6% and 7% respectively, the annual economic benefit increased by 320 yuan / mu, and the soil organic matter content steadily increased, achieving a balance between economic and environmental benefits.
[0057] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A method for efficient application of liquid manure to crops in rice-wheat rotation areas, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Apply harmlessly treated liquid manure. Before each application, test the ammonia nitrogen content of the liquid manure and calculate the dosage based on a standard ton of 1500 mg ammonia nitrogen. Step 2: Based on the nutrient requirements of rice and wheat at different growth stages, apply the liquid manure at least twice. Step 3: Use a combination of injection-type deep application and mobile sprinkler irrigation equipment for returning the manure to the field, avoiding application before or during rainy days. Step 4: Based on the nutrient supply from the liquid manure, apply an insufficient amount of chemical fertilizer and strengthen targeted pest and disease control. Step 5: Implement a dynamic closed-loop management system of "measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment" to monitor soil, manure nutrients, and crop growth, and adjust the fertilization plan accordingly.
2. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The harmless treatment in step one involves treating livestock and poultry manure in an upflow anaerobic digester or an HDPE black membrane biogas anaerobic fermentation project. The treated liquid manure has an oxidation-reduction potential greater than 0mV, an ammonia nitrogen content greater than 200mg / L, and is odorless and free of solid residue.
3. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step two, the application of liquid manure during the rice season is based on a target yield of 600 kg / mu, with a total application rate of 8.5-10 standard tons / 667m³. 2 It should be applied in two stages during the basal fertilizer stage and the tillering stage; for wheat season, the application should be based on a target yield of 500 kg / mu, with a total liquid manure application of 5-6 standard tons / 667m³. 2 It should be applied in several applications during the overwintering period and the greening and jointing period.
4. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific application during the rice season is 10 standard tons / 667m² for conventional japonica rice fields. 2 The base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer for direct-seeded rice fields are each applied at a rate of 5 standard tons / 667m². 2 For machine-transplanted rice paddies, apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 6 standard tons / 667m 2 For hybrid indica rice fields, the total dosage is 8.5 standard tons / 667m². 2 Apply 4 standard tons of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizer per 667m². 2 and 4.5 standard tons / 667m 2 .
5. A method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 3, characterized in that: The specific application of wheat during the wheat season refers to applying 2 standard tons / 667m³ after wheat sowing and emergence until the overwintering period. 2 Apply 3-4 standard tons / 667m² of fertilizer during the wheat's greening-up to tillering and jointing stage. 2 .
6. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the application of fertilizer to the field must ensure that the uniformity coefficient of application in the field is above 85%, and the interval between fertilization and rainfall is no less than 7 days.
7. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application of chemical fertilizers in step four includes applying compound fertilizers according to the crop's nutritional needs during the heading stage to prevent excessive vegetative growth and delayed maturity; pest and disease control includes focusing on migratory pests, rice blast, and rice false smut during the rice season, and focusing on planthoppers and Fusarium head blight during the wheat season.
8. The method for efficient return of liquid manure to the field in rice-wheat rotation areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step five, "measurement-calculation-determination-application-monitoring-adjustment," measurement involves rapidly testing soil and liquid manure nutrients before fertilization and during key growth periods; calculation and determination involve calculating precise dosages based on test data and target yields using models; and monitoring and adjustment involve fine-tuning the fertilization plan 1-2 times during the mid-growing season by monitoring crop chlorophyll content and soil moisture.