Multi-well water level observation test device for simulating underground water level rising and falling caused by grouting and early warning method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of mine grouting simulation test equipment, and particularly relates to a multi-well water level observation test device and an early warning method.The multi-well water level observation test device comprises a simulation box body, a winch and an intelligent control center, and multi-well water level monitoring holes which are evenly distributed are fixed to the upper side of the simulation box body; a telescopic hinge is wound and fixed outside the winch, a steel strand is fixed at the other end of the telescopic hinge, a multifunctional throw-in type liquid level transmitter is fixed at the other end of the steel strand, and the multifunctional throw-in type liquid level transmitter is located inside the multi-well water level monitoring hole; the three-dimensional multi-well linkage physical model test device constructed by the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in disassembly and low cost, the number of mines can be flexibly adjusted, and the depth change of an actual mine can be similarly simulated; the device considers the comprehensive effect of water temperature, water level, water pressure, water quality and water flow direction, simulates the underground water level rise and drop caused by grouting, and is more in line with the actual situation.

Description

A multi-well water level monitoring test device and early warning method for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of mine grouting simulation test equipment, specifically to a multi-well water level observation test device and early warning method for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous increase in coal mining depth and the ongoing development of mining technology, the formation conditions and manifestations of coal mine water hazards have also shown significant changing trends. In the construction of underground mine engineering projects, grouting technology, as an important foundation reinforcement and waterproofing measure, is being used increasingly widely.

[0003] However, groundwater level fluctuations caused by grouting can affect surrounding hydrogeological conditions and engineering structures. Especially in porous strata, sudden rises and falls in water levels can lead to unforeseen disasters. Current methods for grouting simulation mostly rely on in-situ testing and numerical simulation, lacking indoor three-dimensional physical model-based similarity testing devices. Furthermore, traditional single-well monitoring systems, due to their limited acquisition range and monitoring accuracy, cannot fully reflect the dynamic changes in groundwater levels and the interconnected effects between multiple wells.

[0004] Existing technologies lack a complete system to simulate water level changes caused by grouting in a multi-well environment, and to monitor and provide early warnings in real time.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a device and method that can simulate the process of groundwater level changes and provide timely warnings of potential danger signals, which has significant market application value. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-well water level observation test device and early warning method for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a multi-well water level observation test device simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting, comprising a simulation box, a winch, and a smart control center, characterized in that: a uniformly arranged multi-well water level monitoring hole is fixed on the upper side of the simulation box; a telescopic chain is wound and fixed on the outside of the winch; a steel strand is fixed at the other end of the telescopic chain; a multi-functional submersible liquid level transmitter is fixed at the other end of the steel strand; the multi-functional submersible liquid level transmitter is located inside the multi-well water level monitoring hole; the smart control center is equipped with a main control unit, a communication and transportation module, and a visual monitoring system; the main control unit is electrically connected to the visual monitoring system through the communication and transportation module; a telescopic cable is fixed to the right end of the winch; and the right end of the telescopic cable is connected to... The main control unit is electrically connected to the input terminal, and an audible and visual alarm is installed on the front side of the main control unit. The simulation box is assembled by splicing evenly arranged steel channel plates with high-strength bolts. PC transparent plates are fixed on the front and rear sides of the simulation box, and evenly arranged adjustable support bases are fixed on the lower side of the simulation box. Evenly arranged reserved cable holes are opened on the left and right sides of the simulation box. A pressure control component is fixed on the right end of the simulation box. The left end of the pressure control component passes through the reserved cable hole and extends into the interior of the simulation box. Removable steel plates are fixed on the left and right sides of the simulation box at the upper and lower ends of the reserved cable holes, respectively. The lower end of the interior of the simulation box is covered with a bottom layer, the upper end of the bottom layer is covered with a coal seam, the upper end of the coal seam is covered with a reservoir layer, and the upper end of the reservoir layer is covered with a capping layer.

[0008] Preferably, the multifunctional submersible level transmitter includes a housing, a removable top cover fixed to the upper end of the housing, a hollow conductor lower tube fixed to the upper end of the removable top cover, an outer sheath fixed to the upper end of the hollow conductor lower tube, an intermediate sheath fixed to the upper end of the outer sheath, an inner sheath fixed to the upper end of the intermediate sheath, a cable metal protective tube fixed to the upper end of the inner sheath, a protective cap fixed to the lower end of the housing, evenly arranged vent holes opened on the side wall of the protective cap, a level probe fixed to the lower end of the protective cap, a flow indicator fixed to the front side of the level probe, and evenly arranged hydraulic supports fixed to the lower side of the level probe. A water temperature monitoring module, a water quality monitoring module, and a water pressure monitoring module are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the housing. An amplifier is electrically connected to the upper end of the water temperature monitoring module, the water quality monitoring module, and the water pressure monitoring module, and a hollow conductor is fixed to the upper end of the amplifier.

[0009] Preferably, the pressure control component includes a water inlet grouting pipe, a pressure gauge fixed to the left end of the pipe wall, a flow meter fixed to the right end of the pressure gauge, a valve fixed to the right end of the flow meter, a grouting pump fixedly connected to the right end of the water inlet grouting pipe, a grout tank fixedly connected to the right end of the grouting pump via a pipe, a rotary valve fixed to the inlet end of the grout tank, a drain pipe fixed to the upper end of the grouting pump, and two outlets at the other end of the drain pipe. The outlet at the right end of the drain pipe extends into the interior of the simulation chamber, and a water storage tank is fixed to the outlet at the left end of the drain pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the bottom layer comprises mudstone and marl, with the marl located at the upper end of the mudstone.

[0011] Preferably, the reservoir comprises argillaceous siltstone, fine sandstone, and medium sandstone, wherein the fine sandstone is located at the upper end of the argillaceous siltstone, and the medium sandstone is located at the upper end of the fine sandstone.

[0012] Preferably, the caprock comprises medium sandstone and argillaceous siltstone, with the argillaceous siltstone located above the medium sandstone.

[0013] Preferably, the multi-well water level monitoring holes include a first multi-well water level monitoring hole, a second multi-well water level monitoring hole, a third multi-well water level monitoring hole, and a fourth multi-well water level monitoring hole.

[0014] A multi-well water level observation and early warning method for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting is disclosed. The specific steps of this method are as follows: S1: First, select corresponding sensors and monitoring equipment for data acquisition based on the specific conditions of the mines where the multi-wells are located. These devices should be deployed at key locations in the multi-wells to ensure accurate and comprehensive collection of mine water environment parameter data. The collected data should be recorded and organized into a multi-dimensional set of mine water reservoir environmental parameters for subsequent mine water inrush prediction and early warning analysis. S2: Before grouting, obtain water pressure data in the multi-wells through an online real-time monitoring platform. This data includes the location parameters of different locations in the multi-wells and a heterogeneous vector composed of relative position water pressure. The location parameters usually include information such as the specific location and azimuth angle of the multi-wells, while the relative position pressure refers to the water pressure value measured at different depths in the multi-wells. S3: Explore the correlation between the environmental parameters and the pressure-bearing parameters of the multi-wells to establish a correlation model between them. The specific operation steps are as follows: S31: Parameter definition. The above sets and parameters are defined as follows: Historical multi-well environmental information set: H = {liquid level, water temperature, water quality, water pressure}; Multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set: D = {[location A: location parameter A, pressure A], [location B: location parameter B, pressure B], [location C: location parameter C, pressure C]}; Heterogeneous vector: V = {[location parameter, pressure]}; Mine water hazard related parameter set: C = {related parameter 1, related parameter 2, ...}; S32, Data sorting: Sort the historical water hazard environmental information set and the historical multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set according to the same time node to ensure that they are arranged in chronological order; S33, Normalization processing: Perform dimensionless processing on the heterogeneous vectors at each location in the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set of the influence sequence and the historical multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set of the main sequence; convert the data into a unitless, dimensionless form; S34, Calculate the correlation coefficient: Calculate the correlation coefficient between the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set and each heterogeneous vector; the calculation formula is as follows: in, and Let H and V represent the sample values ​​of the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set and the heterogeneous vector, respectively. and , representing the average values ​​of H and V respectively; and Let H and V represent the standard deviations, respectively. Calculate the correlation coefficient between H and V to measure the strength of the linear relationship. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1; the closer the absolute value is to 1, the stronger the relationship; 0 indicates no relationship. S35. Calculate the influence correlation degree: After calculating the correlation coefficient, use a weighting method to calculate the influence correlation degree of the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set on each heterogeneous vector. Assuming a weighted method is used, where the weight is W(V), the influence correlation degree I(V) is calculated by multiplying the correlation coefficient by the weight. The influence correlation degree formula is: I(V) = R(H,V) × W(V); where R(H,V) is the correlation coefficient between H and V, and W(V) is the correlation weight. The correlation weight W(V) S4. Based on the specific circumstances, set the parameters to highlight the importance of heterogeneous vectors at different locations for their correlation with mine water hazards; S5. Based on the set of features of water inrush hazards, obtain multi-dimensional mine environmental parameters with the same features after a preset time, and obtain a multi-well predicted environmental information set; S41. Data collection: Collect data on multi-dimensional reservoir environmental parameters corresponding to the key parameters in the flood discharge hazard feature set; obtain data through various means; S42. Normalization processing: Normalize the collected multi-dimensional multi-well environmental parameters, converting them into a unitless and dimensionless form for comparability analysis and prediction model establishment; S43. Construct the reservoir predicted environmental information set: Integrate the normalized multi-dimensional multi-well environmental parameters and form a mine water hazard prediction information set. S5. Input the predicted environmental information set of mine reservoirs into the pre-constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model to obtain early warning results and issue early warnings to staff; S51. Construct the mine water hazard early warning analysis model: First, a suitable mine water hazard early warning analysis model needs to be established based on the set of water inrush hazard characteristics and historical data; S52. Model training and verification: Use historical data to train and verify the constructed water inrush early warning analysis model; During training, input the historical water hazard mine reservoir environmental information set and the historical multi-well pressure parameter set to train the model; During verification, use some historical data to verify the model and evaluate... S53. Input of Mine Reservoir Predictive Environmental Information: The normalized reservoir predictive environmental information set obtained in step S4 is used as input to the constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model; the mine reservoir predictive environmental information includes multi-dimensional parameters related to water level, water flow, water flow direction and water inrush; S54. Generation of Early Warning Results: The model performs prediction and analysis based on the current reservoir predictive environmental information input, thereby generating corresponding early warning results; the early warning results include flood discharge risk assessment, predicted flood discharge situation or possible dangers; S55. Communication and Response of Early Warning Results: The generated early warning results are communicated to the intelligent control center, and relevant personnel take corresponding measures and actions based on the early warning results.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are: 1) The three-dimensional multi-well linkage physical model test device constructed by this invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient disassembly, and low cost. It can flexibly adjust the number of mines and can simulate the depth changes of actual mines in a similar manner; 2) This invention considers the comprehensive effects of water temperature, water level, water pressure, water quality, and water flow direction, and simulates the rise and fall of groundwater level caused by grouting, which is more in line with the actual situation; 3) By collecting multiple multi-well water environment parameters, this invention can more comprehensively assess the hydrogeological conditions around multiple wells and more accurately predict the risk of coal mine water hazards. By analyzing and mining historical data, the correlation between water hazards and various environmental factors can be found, and these correlations can be used to predict future water hazard situations. This method has higher prediction accuracy and reliability, can effectively prevent mine water hazard accidents, and ensure the safety and stability of mine operations; 4) The device of this invention has high scalability and can adjust parameters according to different mine environments, thereby adapting to the dynamic monitoring needs of different mine water environment water level characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 is a front view of the device; Figure 2 is a rear view of the device; Figure 3 is a side view of the device; Figure 4 is a diagram of the formation laying of the three-dimensional multi-well combined physical model; Figure 5 is a structural diagram of the multifunctional submersible level transmitter; Figure 6 is a diagram of the internal structure of the shell; Figure 7 is a flowchart of the groundwater level monitoring and early warning method.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Multifunctional submersible level transmitter; 2. Multi-well water level monitoring hole; 3. Steel strand; 4. Winch; 5. Steel channel plate; 6. Telescopic cable; 7. Main control unit; 8. Intelligent control center; 9. Communication and transportation module; 10. Visual monitoring system; 11. Telescopic hinge; 12. Adjustable support base; 13. High-strength bolt; 14. PC transparent plate; 15. Audible and visual alarm; 16. Reserved cable hole; 17. Pressure control component; 18. Bottom layer; 19. Coal seam; 20. Reservoir; 21. Cap layer; 1-1. Cable metal protective tube; 1-2. Intermediate sheath; 1-3. Hollow conductor lower tube; 1-4. Inner sheath; 1-5. Outer sheath; 1-6. Removable top cover; 1-7. Housing; 1-8. Protective cap; 1-9. Vent hole; 1-10. Hydraulic support; 1-11. Flow indicator. 1-12 Liquid level probe, 1-13 Water temperature monitoring module, 1-14 Water quality monitoring module, 1-15 Water pressure monitoring module, 1-16 Amplifier, 1-17 Hollow conductor; 2-1 First multi-well water level monitoring hole, 2-2 Second multi-well water level monitoring hole, 2-3 Third multi-well water level monitoring hole, 2-4 Fourth multi-well water level monitoring hole; 17-1 Inlet grouting pipe, 17-2 Pressure gauge, 17-3 Flow meter, 17-4 Valve, 17-5 Grout tank, 17-6 Rotary valve, 17-7 Grouting pump, 17-8 Drainage pipe, 17-9 Water storage tank; 18-1 Mudstone, 18-2 Marble; 20-1 Muddy siltstone, 20-2 Fine sandstone, 20-3 Medium sandstone; 21-1 Medium sandstone, 21-2 Muddy siltstone. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0020] Example: Please refer to Figures 1-7. This invention provides a technical solution: a multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting, including a simulation box, a winch 4, and a smart control center 8. By setting the winch 4, the long-distance linkage multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 can be precisely placed and adjusted, enabling detection in mines of different depths. It ensures good operational stability and data accuracy even at great depths, making it suitable for deep mines with a wider range of applications. The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 is inserted into the observation well pipe buried when the model material is piled up. Considering the actual mine being simulated... The purpose of laying multiple observation wells over a large area is to construct a multi-dimensional monitoring network by burying them at different locations and depths in the test strata according to the design. This will effectively and comprehensively obtain information such as groundwater level, water temperature, water pressure, water quality, and water flow direction at each monitoring point, providing systematic data support for analyzing the dynamic changes, impact range, and early warning of groundwater during the grouting process. The winch 4 is used to retract the telescopic cable 6 and steel strand 3 to lower the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 into the multi-well water level monitoring hole 2 at the designed depth, or to lift the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 out of the multi-well water level monitoring hole 2.In use, after connecting the steel strand 3 to the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1, the lowering speed and direction of the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 are controlled by the winch 4, and the depth of the level transmitter is monitored in real time to ensure that the steel strand 3 remains taut during the lowering process to prevent tangling or damage. When the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 reaches the specified depth, the main control unit 7 starts the multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 to begin real-time acquisition of mine water level information data. The simulated box is rectangular in shape with a top cover, and the top of the top cover is filled with sand or other filler materials. The dimensions are 2.4m × 1.8m × 1.5m. The housing is composed of multiple perforated steel channel plates 5 connected by high-strength bolts 13. The front dimensions of the steel channel plates 5 are 2.4 × 0.2 m. Multiple well water level monitoring holes 2 are evenly arranged on the upper side of the simulated housing. A telescopic hinge 11 is wound and fixed to the outside of the winch 4. A steel strand 3 is fixed to the other end of the telescopic hinge 11, and a multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 is fixed to the other end of the steel strand 3. The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 is located inside the multiple well water level monitoring holes 2. The intelligent control center 8 is equipped with a main control unit 7, a communication and transportation module 9, and a visual monitoring system 10. The main control unit 7 communicates with the visual monitoring system 10 through the communication and transportation module 9. The monitoring system 10 is electrically connected. A telescopic cable 6 is fixed to the right end of the winch 4, and the right end of the telescopic cable 6 is electrically connected to the input end of the main control unit 7. An audible and visual alarm 15 is installed on the front of the main control unit 7. The main control unit 7 has a signal transceiver module installed inside, and the audible and visual alarm 15 is installed on the top of the main control unit 7. The main control unit 7 also has a control unit, a PLC control module, and a storage module installed inside, which can receive the information sensed by the combined multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1. In addition, the main control unit 7 can also wirelessly connect to the visual monitoring system 10 and the intelligent control center 8 through the signal transceiver module, so that the back-end management personnel can receive the information in a timely manner. The invention provides early warning information for rapid alerts. The digitally based groundwater level rise and fall monitoring and reinjection linkage device and method transmits groundwater level information from each mine to a mobile device in real time via a smart control center 8. On-site inspectors can monitor groundwater level changes and equipment operation status in real time, saving manpower. A visual monitoring system 10 platform is established in the smart control center 8, presenting the collected data in a 3D view through a graphical user interface, displaying the changes in water levels across multiple wells. This allows users to intuitively understand hydrological characteristics and water level change trends. Early warning status is indicated using colors and animations for easy understanding and analysis.

[0021] Black represents the background label, while colored (non-black) labels represent the mine water level areas. Additionally, the control terminal uses thresholds set based on water level depth to classify five levels, including: 1. Normal Water Level (Level 1): Definition: The mine water level is within the normal range and has no impact on mining activities or safety.

[0022] Features: When the water level is below the set warning line, the underground drainage system can easily handle the situation without additional intervention. Production activities can proceed normally without any safety hazards.

[0023] 2. Definition of Slightly Rising Water Level (Level II): The water level has risen slightly, but is still within a safe range and has little impact on mining activities.

[0024] Characteristics: Water level is close to or just above the warning line. Drainage system workload has increased slightly, but it remains operational. Management is advised to strengthen water level monitoring, but mining activities do not require adjustment.

[0025] 3. Definition of moderately rising water level (Level III): The water level has risen significantly and may begin to affect the safety and production efficiency of mining operations.

[0026] Characteristics: Water levels are significantly above the warning line, and the drainage system is operating at near full capacity. Management will need to implement additional drainage or water level control measures. Mining operations may be restricted, and some areas may require a temporary halt to operations.

[0027] 4. Definition of severe water level rise (Level IV): The water level is close to the critical point, seriously affecting mine safety and mining activities.

[0028] Characteristics: Water level is approaching the danger line, and the drainage system may not be able to cope effectively. Immediate emergency drainage measures are required to reduce further water level rise. Management must immediately make significant adjustments to or suspend mining operations, posing a substantial safety hazard.

[0029] 5. Definition of extreme high water level (level 5): The water level has reached or exceeded the critical point, and the mine faces a serious risk of flooding.

[0030] Characteristics: Water level exceeds the critical safety line, and the drainage system cannot control the water level. There is a significant safety risk, and the mine may be flooded. Management must immediately cease all mining activities and implement emergency evacuation and rescue measures.

[0031] The geological structure and hydrological characteristics of the area where the mine is located determine the potential impact of different water levels on multiple wells, and specific water level thresholds should be set for different mines. The visualization monitoring system uses 10 platforms to display different colors representing different levels of warnings. Green indicates a normal water level (Level 1), accompanied by a green light alarm. Yellow indicates a slightly elevated water level (Level 2), accompanied by a yellow light alarm. Blue indicates a moderately elevated water level (Level 3), accompanied by a blue light alarm. Red indicates a severely elevated water level (Level 4), accompanied by a red light alarm. Purple indicates an extremely high water level (Level 5), accompanied by a purple light alarm. At the same time, the visual monitoring system 10 platform page uses the sound and light alarm 15 to achieve the effect of sound and light alarm. In the case of batch installation of this device, the sound and light can enable the background management personnel to quickly find the corresponding early warning device; the simulation box is composed of uniformly arranged steel channel plates 5 spliced ​​with high-strength bolts (13). PC transparent plates 14 are fixed on the front and rear sides of the simulation box, installed at a horizontal interval of 45cm and a vertical interval of 10cm, and fixed by 8.8 grade high-strength bolts 13, and supplemented by 2×0.05m size triangular steel as horizontal support to ensure the overall structure is safe and stable. Glass glue is used to seal and waterproof the PC transparent plate 14 and the rear part of the contact with the steel channel plate 5. Waterproof white glue is used to seal the connection between the steel channel plates 5 and the bolt interface, which can effectively prevent the slurry from seeping out of the model along the gap of the test box during the modeling process. The function of setting PC transparent plates 14 is: firstly, to rely on With the help of the transparent properties, the dynamic phenomena in the test process can be observed intuitively, providing visualization conditions for recording and analyzing the disturbances and diffusion characteristics related to the rise and fall of groundwater level caused by grouting; secondly, relying on the high strength performance, it can effectively constrain the similar materials piled up in the box, prevent the materials from falling due to force or vibration during the test operation, and ensure the stability and safety of the test device; the lower side of the simulation box is fixed with an evenly arranged adjustable support base 12, and the left and right sides of the simulation box are provided with evenly arranged reserved cable holes 16. The right end of the simulation box is fixed with a pressure control component 17, and the left end of the pressure control component 17 passes through the reserved cable hole 16 and extends into the interior of the simulation box. The left and right sides of the simulation box are fixed with detachable steel plates at the upper and lower ends of the reserved cable hole 16; the functions of the simulation box are as follows: (1) Provide structural support and experimental environment: the simulation box, as the basic framework of the entire experimental device, provides a solid and sealed structural support to simulate the three-dimensional spatial environment of the underground aquifer.Its pressure resistance and sealing properties enable it to withstand the water pressure and stress generated during the experiment, thus ensuring that it remains stable under high pressure and high intensity experimental conditions and will not deform or leak; (2) Simulate the physical environment of the strata: The test chamber is filled with different layers of filling materials, such as fine sand and gravel, to simulate the porous media structure of the strata. These materials can reproduce the permeability and water storage of natural aquifers and form a pore space similar to the strata, which is used to observe the flow and diffusion of water during grouting or pumping, and thus accurately simulate the actual strata environment and its response characteristics to water level; (3) Support multi-well observation function: The chamber is designed with multiple wellhead interfaces to insert observation well pipes and form a multi-well observation network. These observation wells are distributed at different locations and depths of the chamber, allowing real-time monitoring of water level changes at multiple locations during the experiment, which is convenient for studying the impact of grouting or pumping on the distribution of groundwater level. Through multi-point observation, the range of water level rise and fall, the flow path of groundwater, and the uniformity of diffusion can be analyzed; (4) Water injection and pressure control function: The steel test chamber can be connected to the pressure pump system, and water can be injected or pumped into the test chamber through the water inlet or outlet to simulate the replenishment and discharge of groundwater in the natural environment. With the help of regulating valves and pressure control devices, the chamber can accurately control the water injection rate and water pressure, which is convenient for studying the water level response and diffusion process under different grouting or pumping rates.

[0032] A drilling water level monitoring system is composed of a multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1, a water temperature monitoring module, a water level monitoring module, a water pressure monitoring module, a water quality monitoring module, and a water flow direction monitoring module. The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 consists of a cable metal protection tube 1-1, an intermediate sheath 1-2, a hollow conductor lower tube 1-3, an inner sheath 1-4, an outer sheath 1-5, a detachable top cover 1-6, a housing 1-7, a protective cap 1-8, an exhaust port 1-9, a hydraulic support 1-10, a flow direction indicator 1-11, a level probe 1-12, a water temperature monitoring module 1-13, a water quality monitoring module 1-14, a water pressure monitoring module 1-15, an amplifier 1-16, and a hollow conductor 1-17. It can be directly deployed to observation wells at different depths. Through integrated monitoring modules for water level, water temperature, water pressure, water quality, and water flow direction, it collects multi-dimensional hydrological parameters (water level rise / fall, water temperature change, water pressure fluctuation, water quality characteristics, and water flow direction) at different locations and depths during grouting in real time. The converted standard current signal is then transmitted to the main control unit via a specially designed waterproof conductor, providing comprehensive data support for analyzing the dynamic changes in groundwater level, the impact range of grouting, and early warning. The conductor is a specially designed waterproof conductor. The pressure-sensitive core of the level transmitter adopts a high-performance silicon piezoresistive pressure-filled oil core to accurately and stably sense minute changes in liquid pressure (corresponding to liquid level height).

[0033] The silicon piezoresistive core utilizes the piezoresistive effect of semiconductor silicon material, exhibiting extremely high sensitivity to pressure changes. It can capture pressure differences caused by minute fluctuations in groundwater level during grouting or pumping tests, ensuring the accuracy of liquid level monitoring. The oil-filled design effectively isolates the internal sensitive element from external liquids (such as simulated groundwater containing impurities), preventing corrosive media and particulate matter from eroding or clogging the core components. It also reduces interference from environmental factors such as temperature changes and vibrations, ensuring long-term stable operation under complex experimental conditions. It provides reliable raw pressure data for subsequent signal conversion (millivolt signal to standard current signal). The internal dedicated integrated circuit converts the sensor's millivolt signal into a standard long-distance transmission current signal, which can be easily connected to the monitoring terminal interface card. The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 is equipped with a level probe 1-12, a water temperature monitoring module 1-13, a water pressure monitoring module 1-15, a water quality monitoring module 1-14, and a flow direction meter 1-11, all of which are connected to the main control unit. It is used to acquire groundwater level information in deep mines and send it to the main control unit 7. The groundwater level information of multiple wells includes: water level, water temperature, water pressure, water quality, and water flow direction.

[0034] Water temperature monitoring module: Employs a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor, which is based on the characteristic that resistance changes with temperature. It is typically made of platinum (such as PT100) or nickel. It offers high accuracy and stability, making it suitable for long-term monitoring.

[0035] Water level monitoring module: It adopts a liquid level probe, which is composed of a pressure water level gauge. It calculates the water depth by measuring the hydrostatic pressure generated by the water body on the sensor.

[0036] Water pressure monitoring module: Employs a high-resolution DMKY series strain gauge pore water pressure gauge. It can measure static pore water pressure and excess pore water pressure in soil or rock, and features good waterproof performance, small size, light weight, and reusability.

[0037] Water quality monitoring module: Water quality sensors can monitor various water quality indicators of mine water, including pH value, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), etc.

[0038] Water flow direction monitoring module: The flow direction meter is used to directly measure the flow direction and velocity of groundwater in multiple wells; the lower end of the simulation box is covered with a bottom layer 18, the upper end of the bottom layer 18 is covered with a coal seam 19, the upper end of the coal seam 19 is covered with a reservoir 20, and the upper end of the reservoir 20 is covered with a cap layer 21.

[0039] The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 includes a housing 1-7. A removable top cover 1-6 is fixed to the upper end of the housing 1-7. A hollow conductor lower tube 1-3 is fixed to the upper end of the removable top cover 1-6. An outer sheath 1-5 is fixed to the upper end of the hollow conductor lower tube 1-3. An intermediate sheath 1-2 is fixed to the upper end of the outer sheath 1-5. An inner sheath 1-4 is fixed to the upper end of the intermediate sheath 1-2. A cable metal protection tube 1-1 is fixed to the upper end of the inner sheath 1-4. A protective cap 1-8 is fixed to the lower end of the housing 1-7. The side wall of the protective cap 1-8 has evenly distributed vent holes 1- 9. A liquid level probe 1-12 is fixed to the lower end of the protective cap 1-8. A flow meter 1-11 is fixed to the front side of the liquid level probe 1-12. A hydraulic support 1-10 with uniform arrangement is fixed to the lower side of the liquid level probe 1-12. A water temperature monitoring module 1-13, a water quality monitoring module 1-14, and a water pressure monitoring module 1-15 are fixed to the inner wall of the shell 1-7 respectively. An amplifier 1-16 is electrically connected to the upper end of the water temperature monitoring module 1-13, the water quality monitoring module 1-14, and the water pressure monitoring module 1-15. A hollow wire 1-17 is fixed to the upper end of the amplifier 1-16.

[0040] The multi-functional submersible level transmitter 1 is equipped with a flow direction meter 1-11, a level probe 1-12, a water temperature monitoring module 1-13, a water quality monitoring module 1-14, and a water pressure monitoring module 1-15. It is used to acquire water level information from multiple mine wells. The collected water temperature, water level, water pressure, water quality, and flow direction information are converted into specific signals by an amplifier 1-16 and transmitted to the main control unit 7 for digital processing, thus achieving an early warning function. The main control unit 7 sends the collected multi-well water level information to the intelligent control center 8 and the visual monitoring system 10. The visual monitoring system 10 can also be equipped with a display screen to present the collected data in a 3D view through a graphical user interface, showing the changes in mine water levels under multi-well linkage, allowing users to intuitively understand hydrological characteristics and water level change trends. Early warning status will be indicated using colors and animations for easy understanding and analysis by staff. Based on data analysis and multi-well exploration data, the construction strategy was adjusted and the construction process optimized to ensure the smooth progress of the project. The steel channel plate 5, made of 45# steel, features standardized hole spacing and slot design, allowing for rapid assembly and disassembly according to experimental needs. This facilitates easy adjustment of the box's height, width, and other parameters, greatly improving the flexibility and practicality of the experimental setup. Adjustable support bases 12 are fixed to the bottom of the simulation box. High-strength bolts 13, made of 8.8 grade high-strength bolts, play a crucial connecting role. They can withstand large loads and maintain a stable connection under complex experimental conditions. Due to their excellent mechanical properties and reliable connection effect, 8.8 grade high-strength bolts have become one of the preferred fasteners for many experimental devices. The PC transparent plate 14 is fixed to the front of the model test box with high-strength bolts. The position of the PC transparent plate 14 allows users to adjust different parts of the box, such as height and angle, to adapt to different experimental requirements. The front of the experimental device has a transparent observation area, allowing observation of slurry diffusion. Height adjustment: Loosen the fixing bolts on both sides of the PC transparent plate 14 and slide it up and down along the vertical guide groove of the box to the target height (e.g., adjust the lower edge of the PC transparent plate 14 to be flush with a certain stratum interface according to the required observation depth of the experiment), and then tighten the bolts to fix the position. Angle adjustment: Change the angle between the PC transparent plate 14 and the front of the box through the bottom hinge structure (e.g., slightly adjust from vertical to 5°-10° tilt), or use the rotatable bracket to achieve horizontal angle deflection to optimize the observation angle.

[0041] The purpose of height adjustment is to adapt to the formation simulation depth of different experiments, ensuring that the observation range of the PC transparent plate 14 accurately covers the target monitoring layer (such as the grouting influence zone, the layer with active water level changes), and to avoid key areas (such as shallow or deep strata) from exceeding the observation field of view due to a fixed height. The purpose of angle adjustment is to eliminate blind spots and reflection interference. By adjusting the tilt angle, the light can be avoided from being blocked by the materials inside the box (such as dark rock strata simulation materials), or the reflection of ambient light on the surface of the transparent plate can be reduced, improving the observation clarity of subtle phenomena (such as local water level fluctuations, fluid diffusion boundaries). Pressure gauge 17-2 and flow meter 17-3 are connected to the water inlet grouting pipe 17-1 through a tee connector. The water inlet grouting pipe 17-1 is connected to the grout tank 17-5 for grout delivery. Grouting pump 17-7 is connected to the grouting pipe and the grout tank 17-5 through a rotary valve 17-6. Pressure gauge 17-2 and flow meter 17-3 on the grouting inlet pipe 17-1 can provide real-time feedback on grouting pressure and flow rate. Grouting pump 17-7 adjusts the grout injection speed and position via rotary valve 17-6. By controlling the grouting flow rate and pressure, the rise and fall of water level caused by grouting in the formation can be simulated.

[0042] The housing 1-7 is cylindrical with a removable top cover 1-6. From top to bottom, the top of the housing consists of a cable metal protective tube 1-1, an inner sheath 1-4, a middle sheath 1-2, an outer sheath 1-5, and a hollow conductor lower tube 1-3. At the bottom of the housing 1-7 is a row of vent holes 1-9 through which the slurry enters the housing 1-7. Protective caps 1-8 are installed outside the vent holes 1-9 to prevent impact damage during the process of lowering the level transmitter. A flow meter 1-11 is embedded inside the level probe 1-12, capable of detecting both water depth and water flow direction. The tops of multiple hydraulic supports 1-10 are connected to the level probe 1-12. Any two adjacent hydraulic supports 1-10 form a water passage. The function of the water passage is to serve as a water flow channel between adjacent hydraulic supports 1-10, allowing groundwater (or simulated fluid) in the test device to flow smoothly around the level probe, ensuring that the level probe can directly contact and sense the real water environment, thereby accurately collecting parameters such as water level, water pressure, and water temperature. At the same time, the design of the water passage can reduce the obstruction and interference of the supports on the water flow, ensuring the authenticity of information such as water flow direction and velocity, making functions such as water flow direction monitoring more reliable, and providing accurate environmental condition support for groundwater level changes and hydraulic dynamic analysis caused by grouting.

[0043] As shown in Figure 5, the water temperature monitoring module 1-13, water quality monitoring module 1-14, and water pressure monitoring module 1-15 are all installed on the inner wall of the housing 1-7. The water temperature monitoring module 1-13 uses a resistance temperature detector (RTD) sensor, the water pressure monitoring module 1-15 uses a high-resolution DMKY series strain gauge pore water pressure gauge, and the water quality monitoring module 1-14 uses a water quality sensor. The pressure control assembly 17 includes an inlet grouting pipe 17-1. A pressure gauge 17-2 is fixed to the left end of the inlet grouting pipe 17-1, and a flow meter 17-3 is fixed to the right end of the pressure gauge 17-2. A valve 17-4 is fixed to the right end of the gauge 17-3. A grouting pump 17-7 is fixed to the right end of the grouting inlet pipe 17-1. A grout tank 17-5 is fixed to the right end of the grouting pump 17-7 via a pipe. A rotary valve 17-6 is fixed to the inlet end of the grout tank 17-5. A drain pipe 17-8 is fixed to the upper end of the grouting pump 17-7. The drain pipe 17-8 has two outlets at the other end. The outlet of the drain pipe 17-8 on the right extends into the interior of the simulation chamber. A water storage tank 17-9 is fixed to the outlet of the drain pipe 17-8 on the left.

[0044] The bottom layer 18 includes mudstone 18-1 and marlstone 18-2, with marlstone 18-2 located above mudstone 18-1.

[0045] Reservoir 20 includes silty mudstone 20-1, fine sandstone 20-2 and medium sandstone 20-3. Fine sandstone 20-2 is located above silty mudstone 20-1 and medium sandstone 20-3 is located above fine sandstone 20-2.

[0046] The caprock 21 includes medium sandstone 21-1 and argillaceous siltstone 21-2, with the argillaceous siltstone 21-2 located above the medium sandstone 21-1.

[0047] The multi-well water level monitoring well 2 includes a first multi-well water level monitoring well 2-1, a second multi-well water level monitoring well 2-2, a third multi-well water level monitoring well 2-3, and a fourth multi-well water level monitoring well 2-4. These wells simulate the structures of multiple mine shafts at different depths, locations, and geological conditions within the mining area. The layout of each monitoring well within the experimental device is based on its distance from the grouting point, forming a water level gradient observation. The purpose is to capture the dynamic differences in water level at different spatial locations to reveal the groundwater pressure transmission patterns, influence range, and hydraulic connection characteristics during the grouting process. The mine shaft is filled with materials of varying permeability and porosity. The permeability coefficient and porosity of the formation within the mine are set according to the actual working conditions on site. Therefore, this experimental device has the function of simulating the rise and fall of groundwater levels caused by grouting in any mine formation, in order to simulate real groundwater flow conditions and the linkage effect between mines. In the indoor model test, each well is made of rigid PVC transparent plastic hard water pipe, 1.5m long, 40mm outer diameter, and 3.5mm wall thickness, made of completely transparent material. Several small filter holes with a diameter of 8-10mm are opened on the bottom wall of each transparent PVC pipe to facilitate grout diffusion for real-time monitoring. The small holes at the bottom of the observation well pipe facilitate the entry of grout and water into the observation well pipe to observe the water level and grout level in the chamber.

[0048] A multi-well water level observation test early warning method for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting is disclosed. The specific steps of the early warning method are as follows: S1: First, according to the specific conditions of the mine where the multi-wells are located, select corresponding sensors and monitoring equipment for data collection. These devices should be deployed at key locations of the multi-wells to ensure accurate and comprehensive collection of mine water environment parameter data. The collected data should be recorded and organized into a multi-dimensional mine water reservoir environment parameter set for subsequent mine water inrush prediction and early warning analysis. S2: Before grouting, obtain water pressure data in the multi-wells through an online real-time monitoring platform. These data include the positioning parameters of different locations of the multi-wells and the heterogeneous vector composed of relative position water pressure. The positioning parameters usually include information such as the specific location and azimuth angle of the multi-wells, while the relative position pressure refers to the water pressure value measured at different depths of the multi-wells.

[0049] Heterogeneous Vector: In a multi-well pressure parameter set, a heterogeneous vector represents a combination of water pressure values ​​at different locations and their corresponding positioning parameters. For example, assuming there are three different locations (A, B, C) in a multi-well system, and the positioning parameters for each location are coordinate or angle information, the heterogeneous vector can be represented as: Location A: [Positioning parameter A, Water pressure A]; Location B: [Positioning parameter B, Pressure B]; Location C: [Positioning parameter C, Pressure C]; In this example, the heterogeneous vector consists of the positioning parameters and the water pressure at the relative location, with each location having an associated pressure value. Multi-well Pressure Parameter Set: The multi-well pressure parameter set consists of heterogeneous vectors measured at different water levels during the same mine grouting operation. The multi-well pressure parameter set can be represented as: [Location A: Pressure 1, Location B: Pressure 2, Location C: Pressure 3]. By collecting pressure-bearing parameter sets from multiple wells during multiple grouting processes, multiple sets of data can be obtained, providing more comprehensive and diverse information. This allows for a better understanding of the pressure-bearing conditions of multiple wells under different grouting conditions, enabling a comprehensive assessment of the stability and safety of multiple wells. The multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set includes pressure data from multiple wells at different water levels. This data reflects the pressure changes of multiple wells under different water level conditions, helping engineers and experts understand the impact of different grouting modes on the multi-well structure and effectively assess the safety and stability of multiple wells. S3. Explore the correlation between multi-well environmental parameters and multi-well pressure-bearing parameters, thereby establishing a correlation model between them. The specific operation steps are as follows: S31. Parameter definition: Define the above set and parameters as follows: Historical multi-well environmental information set: H = {liquid...} Location, water temperature, water quality, water pressure}; Multi-well pressure parameter set: D = {[Location A: Location parameter A, Pressure A], [Location B: Location parameter B, Pressure B], [Location C: Location parameter C, Pressure C]}; Heterogeneous vector: V = {[Location parameter, Pressure]}; Mine water hazard related parameter set: C = {Related parameter 1, Related parameter 2, ...}; S32, Data sorting: Sort the historical water hazard environmental information set and the historical multi-well pressure parameter set according to the same time node to ensure that they are arranged in chronological order; S33, Normalization processing: Perform dimensionless processing on the heterogeneous vector of each location in the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set of the impact sequence and the historical multi-well pressure parameter set of the main sequence; Convert the data into a unitless, dimensionless form, for example, using Max Abs Scaling or Z-score normalization is used for comparability analysis; S34. Calculate the correlation coefficient: Calculate the correlation coefficient between the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set and each heterogeneous vector; the calculation formula is as follows: in, and Let H and V represent the sample values ​​of the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set and the heterogeneous vector, respectively. and , representing the average values ​​of H and V respectively; and Let H and V represent the standard deviations respectively; calculate the correlation coefficient between H and V to measure the strength of the linear relationship; the correlation coefficient ranges from [-1, 1], the closer the absolute value is to 1, the stronger the relationship, and 0 indicates no relationship; S35, calculate the influence correlation degree: after calculating the correlation coefficient, use a certain weighting method to calculate the influence correlation degree of the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set on each heterogeneous vector; assuming a weighted method is used, where the weight is W(V), the influence correlation degree I(V) is calculated by multiplying the correlation coefficient by the weight; the influence correlation degree formula is: I(V) = R(H,V) × W(V); where R(H,V) is the correlation coefficient between H and V, and W(V) is the correlation weight; the correlation weight W( V) Configure settings according to specific circumstances to highlight the importance of heterogeneous vectors at different locations for their correlation with mine water hazards; S4. Based on the feature set of water inrush hazards, obtain multi-dimensional mine environmental parameters with the same characteristics after a preset future time, and obtain a multi-well predicted environmental information set; S41. Data collection: Collect data on multi-dimensional reservoir environmental parameters corresponding to the key parameters in the flood discharge hazard feature set; obtain data through various means, such as sensor monitoring, meteorological station data, hydrological station data, etc.; S42. Normalization processing: Normalize the collected multi-dimensional multi-well environmental parameters, converting them into a unitless, dimensionless form for comparability analysis and prediction model establishment; common normalization methods include MaxAbs Scaling normalization and Z-score normalization; S43, Constructing a reservoir prediction environment information set: Integrating the normalized multi-dimensional, multi-well environmental parameters into a mine reservoir prediction environment information set; Obtaining reservoir environmental information with the same characteristics after a preset future time, including parameters closely related to water hazards such as water level, water flow, and water direction; S5, Inputting the mine reservoir prediction environment information set into a pre-constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model to obtain early warning results and issue early warnings to staff; S51, Constructing a mine water hazard early warning analysis model: First, a suitable mine water hazard early warning analysis model needs to be established based on the water inrush hazard characteristic set and historical data; This model can be based on statistical methods, machine learning methods, or physical processes. The simulation is based on mathematical models, and the specific model is selected according to actual needs and available data; S52, Model Training and Validation: The constructed water inrush early warning analysis model is trained and validated using historical data; During training, the set of historical water hazard mine reservoir environmental information and the set of historical multi-well pressure parameters are input to train the model; During validation, some historical data are used to validate the model and evaluate the predictive performance of the model under unknown conditions; S53, Input of Mine Reservoir Prediction Environmental Information: The normalized reservoir prediction environmental information set obtained in step S4 is used as input to the constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model; The mine reservoir prediction environmental information includes multi-dimensional parameters related to water level, water flow, water direction, and water inrush.S54. Early Warning Result Generation: Based on the current reservoir forecast environmental information input, the model performs predictions and analyses to generate corresponding early warning results. These results include flood discharge risk assessments, predicted flood discharge conditions, or potential hazards. S55. Early Warning Result Communication and Response: The generated early warning results are communicated to the intelligent control center, where relevant personnel take corresponding measures and actions, such as adjusting flood discharge strategies or activating emergency plans.

[0050] It should be noted that the electrical components mentioned in this invention have had their wiring harnesses neatly arranged according to actual conditions during manufacturing, preventing wiring tangling or affecting operation. Standard parts used in this invention can be purchased commercially, and custom-shaped parts can be made according to the description and drawings. The specific connection methods for each part all employ conventional methods such as bolts, rivets, and welding, which are mature technologies in the prior art. The machinery, parts, and equipment all use conventional models from the prior art, and the circuit connections also use conventional connection methods from the prior art, which will not be detailed here. The control method of this invention is through a controller, and the controller's control circuit can be implemented through simple programming by those skilled in the art. It should be noted that the electrical components mentioned in this invention have had their wiring harnesses neatly arranged according to actual conditions during manufacturing, preventing wiring tangling or affecting operation. Content not described in detail in this specification belongs to prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0051] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and is not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0052] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or basic characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Therefore, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention, and no reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0053] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting, comprising a simulation box, a winch (4), and a smart control center (8), characterized in that, The upper side of the simulation box is fixed with a uniformly arranged multi-well water level monitoring hole (2). The winch (4) is wound with a telescopic hinge (11). The other end of the telescopic hinge (11) is fixed with a steel strand (3). The other end of the steel strand (3) is fixed with a multi-functional submersible liquid level transmitter (1). The multi-functional submersible liquid level transmitter (1) is located inside the multi-well water level monitoring hole (2). The intelligent control center (8) is equipped with a main control unit (7), a communication and transportation module (9), and a visualization monitoring system (10). The main control unit (7) is electrically connected to the visualization monitoring system (10) through the communication and transportation module (9). The right end of the winch (4) is fixed with a telescopic cable (6). The right end of the telescopic cable (6) is electrically connected to the input end of the main control unit (7). The front side of the main control unit (7) is equipped with an audible and visual alarm (15). The simulation box is assembled by splicing together uniformly arranged steel channel plates (5) and high-strength bolts (13). PC transparent plates (14) are fixed on the front and rear sides of the simulation box. An adjustable support base (12) is fixed on the lower side of the simulation box. The left and right sides of the simulation box are provided with uniformly arranged reserved cable holes (16). A pressure control component (17) is fixed at the right end of the simulation box. The left end of the pressure control component (17) passes through the reserved cable hole (16) and extends into the interior of the simulation box. Removable steel plates are fixed at the upper and lower ends of the reserved cable hole (16) on the left and right sides of the simulation box. The lower end of the interior of the simulation box is covered with a bottom layer (18). The upper end of the bottom layer (18) is covered with a coal seam (19). The upper end of the coal seam (19) is covered with a reservoir (20). The upper end of the reservoir (20) is covered with a capping layer (21).

2. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multifunctional submersible level transmitter (1) includes a housing (1-7), a removable top cover (1-6) fixed to the upper end of the housing (1-7), a hollow conductor lower tube (1-3) fixed to the upper end of the removable top cover (1-6), an outer sheath (1-5) fixed to the upper end of the hollow conductor lower tube (1-3), an intermediate sheath (1-2) fixed to the upper end of the outer sheath (1-5), an inner sheath (1-4) fixed to the upper end of the intermediate sheath (1-2), a cable metal protection tube (1-1) fixed to the upper end of the inner sheath (1-4), and a protective cap (1-8) fixed to the lower end of the housing (1-7). The protective cap (1-8) has evenly arranged vents on its side wall. Hole (1-9), the lower end of the protective cap (1-8) is fixed with a liquid level probe (1-12), the front side of the liquid level probe (1-12) is fixed with a flow direction meter (1-11), the lower side of the liquid level probe (1-12) is fixed with a uniformly arranged hydraulic support (1-10), the inner wall of the housing (1-7) is respectively fixed with a water temperature monitoring module (1-13), a water quality monitoring module (1-14), and a water pressure monitoring module (1-15), the upper ends of the water temperature monitoring module (1-13), the water quality monitoring module (1-14), and the water pressure monitoring module (1-15) are electrically connected to an amplifier (1-16), the upper end of the amplifier (1-16) is fixed with a hollow wire (1-17).

3. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure control assembly (17) includes a water inlet grouting pipe (17-1). A pressure gauge (17-2) is fixed to the left end of the pipe wall of the water inlet grouting pipe (17-1), and a flow meter (17-3) is fixed to the right end of the pressure gauge (17-2). A valve (17-4) is fixed to the right end of the flow meter (17-3). A grouting pump (17-7) is connected and fixed to the right end of the water inlet grouting pipe (17-1). The right end of the grouting pump (17-7) is connected to a pipe. A slurry tank (17-5) is fixedly connected to the channel. A rotary valve (17-6) is fixed to the inlet end of the slurry tank (17-5). A drain pipe (17-8) is fixed to the upper end of the grouting pump (17-7). The other end of the drain pipe (17-8) has two outlets. The outlet of the drain pipe (17-8) on the right extends into the interior of the simulation tank. A water storage tank (17-9) is fixed to the outlet of the drain pipe (17-8) on the left.

4. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom layer (18) includes mudstone (18-1) and marlstone (18-2), with the marlstone (18-2) located above the mudstone (18-1).

5. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The reservoir (20) includes argillaceous siltstone (20-1), fine sandstone (20-2) and medium sandstone (20-3), with the fine sandstone (20-2) located at the upper end of the argillaceous siltstone (20-1) and the medium sandstone (20-3) located at the upper end of the fine sandstone (20-2).

6. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The caprock (21) includes medium sandstone (21-1) and argillaceous siltstone (21-2), with the argillaceous siltstone (21-2) located above the medium sandstone (21-1).

7. The multi-well water level observation test device for simulating groundwater level rise and fall caused by grouting as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The multi-well water level monitoring hole (2) includes a first multi-well water level monitoring hole (2-1), a second multi-well water level monitoring hole (2-2), a third multi-well water level monitoring hole (2-3), and a fourth multi-well water level monitoring hole (2-4).

8. A method for early warning of groundwater level rise and fall caused by simulated grouting in multiple wells, as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The specific steps of this early warning method are as follows: S1: First, based on the specific conditions of the mine where the multiple wells are located, select corresponding sensors and monitoring equipment for data collection; these devices should be deployed at key locations in the multiple wells to ensure accurate and comprehensive collection of mine water environment parameter data; the collected data should be recorded and organized into a multi-dimensional set of mine water reservoir environmental parameters for subsequent mine water inrush prediction and early warning analysis; S2: Before grouting, obtain water pressure data in the multiple wells through an online real-time monitoring platform. This data includes the location parameters of different locations in the multiple wells and the heterogeneous vector composed of relative position water pressure; the location parameters usually include information such as the specific location and azimuth angle of the multiple wells, while the relative position pressure refers to the water pressure value measured at different depths in the multiple wells; S3: Explore the correlation between the environmental parameters and the pressure-bearing parameters of the multiple wells, thereby establishing a correlation model between them; the specific operation steps are as follows: S31: Parameter definition: Define the above set and parameters as follows Definitions: Historical multi-well environmental information set: H = {liquid level, water temperature, water quality, water pressure}; Multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set: D = {[location A: location parameter A, pressure A], [location B: location parameter B, pressure B], [location C: location parameter C, pressure C]}; Heterogeneous vector: V = {[location parameter, pressure]}; Mine water hazard related parameter set: C = {related parameter 1, related parameter 2, ...}; S32, Data sorting: Sort the historical water hazard environmental information set and the historical multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set according to the same time node to ensure chronological order; S33, Normalization: Perform dimensionless processing on the heterogeneous vectors at each location in the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set of the influence sequence and the historical multi-well pressure-bearing parameter set of the main sequence; convert the data into a unitless, dimensionless form; S34, Calculate the correlation coefficient: Calculate the correlation coefficient between the historical mine water hazard reservoir environmental information set and each heterogeneous vector; the calculation formula is as follows: in, and Let H and V represent the sample values ​​of the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set and the heterogeneous vector, respectively. and , representing the average values ​​of H and V respectively; and Let H and V represent the standard deviations, respectively. Calculate the correlation coefficient between H and V to measure the strength of the linear relationship. The correlation coefficient ranges from -1 to 1; the closer the absolute value is to 1, the stronger the relationship; 0 indicates no relationship. S35. Calculate the influence correlation degree: After calculating the correlation coefficient, use a weighting method to calculate the influence correlation degree of the historical mine water hazard and reservoir environmental information set on each heterogeneous vector. Assuming a weighted method is used, where the weight is W(V), the influence correlation degree I(V) is calculated by multiplying the correlation coefficient by the weight. The influence correlation degree formula is: I(V) = R(H,V) × W(V); where R(H,V) is the correlation coefficient between H and V, and W(V) is the correlation weight. The correlation weight W(V) S4. Based on the specific circumstances, set the parameters to highlight the importance of heterogeneous vectors at different locations for their correlation with mine water hazards; S5. Based on the set of features of water inrush hazards, obtain multi-dimensional mine environmental parameters with the same features after a preset time, and obtain a multi-well predicted environmental information set; S41. Data collection: Collect data on multi-dimensional reservoir environmental parameters corresponding to the key parameters in the flood discharge hazard feature set; obtain data through various means; S42. Normalization processing: Normalize the collected multi-dimensional multi-well environmental parameters, converting them into a unitless and dimensionless form for comparability analysis and prediction model establishment; S43. Construct the reservoir predicted environmental information set: Integrate the normalized multi-dimensional multi-well environmental parameters and form a mine water hazard prediction information set. S5. Input the predicted environmental information set of mine reservoirs into the pre-constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model to obtain early warning results and issue early warnings to staff; S51. Construct the mine water hazard early warning analysis model: First, a suitable mine water hazard early warning analysis model needs to be established based on the set of water inrush hazard characteristics and historical data; S52. Model training and verification: Use historical data to train and verify the constructed water inrush early warning analysis model; During training, input the historical water hazard mine reservoir environmental information set and the historical multi-well pressure parameter set to train the model; During verification, use some historical data to verify the model and evaluate... S53. Input of Mine Reservoir Predictive Environmental Information: The normalized reservoir predictive environmental information set obtained in step S4 is used as input to the constructed mine water hazard early warning analysis model; the mine reservoir predictive environmental information includes multi-dimensional parameters related to water level, water flow, water flow direction and water inrush; S54. Generation of Early Warning Results: The model performs prediction and analysis based on the current reservoir predictive environmental information input, thereby generating corresponding early warning results; the early warning results include flood discharge risk assessment, predicted flood discharge situation or possible dangers; S55. Communication and Response of Early Warning Results: The generated early warning results are communicated to the intelligent control center, and relevant personnel take corresponding measures and actions based on the early warning results.

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