Power distribution system
By incorporating a combination of power batteries, DC-DC converters, and domain power distribution devices in the vehicle, refined power distribution of loads within the vehicle is achieved, reducing the number of wiring harnesses and energy consumption, while ensuring safe and reliable power supply and independent fault handling.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SAIC GM WULING AUTOMOBILE CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
The variety of load types in vehicles leads to a large number of wiring harnesses and increased energy consumption during power distribution.
The system employs a combination of power batteries, DC-DC converters, and domain power distribution devices. By setting up rear, left front, and right front domain power distribution devices in different areas of the vehicle, it can perform refined power distribution to the loads distributed around it. The power distribution is carried out using the voltage after step-down processing, and safety management is achieved by combining electronic protection chips and PNG.
It effectively reduces the number of wiring harnesses and the energy consumption during power distribution, while ensuring the safe and reliable power supply to the load. It can independently handle single branch faults and reduce the impact of faults.
Smart Images
Figure CN121965841A_ABST
Abstract
Description
A power distribution system Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of vehicle technology, and more particularly to a power distribution system. Background Technology
[0002] In related technologies, vehicles often use centralized power distribution to distribute power to loads. However, vehicles have a wide variety of load types, resulting in a large number of wiring harnesses required and increased energy consumption during power distribution. Summary of the Invention
[0003] This application provides a power distribution system that can effectively reduce the number of wiring harnesses required and reduce transmission energy consumption during power distribution.
[0004] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a power distribution system, comprising: a power battery, a first DC-DC converter, a rear-domain power distribution device, a left front-domain power distribution device, and a right front-domain power distribution device. The power battery, the first DC-DC converter, and the rear-domain power distribution device are connected sequentially. The rear-domain power distribution device is connected to both the left and right front-domain power distribution devices. The rear-domain power distribution device is connected to a first load, the left front-domain power distribution device is connected to a second load, and the right front-domain power distribution device is connected to a third load. The power battery is used to output a first preset voltage. The first DC-DC converter is used to convert the first preset voltage into a second preset voltage, where the second preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage. The rear-domain power distribution device is used to distribute power to the first load based on a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage. The left front-domain power distribution device is used to distribute power to the second load based on a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage. The right front-domain power distribution device is used to distribute power to the third load based on a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage.
[0005] In this embodiment, the rear domain power distribution device can be considered to be located in the rear area of the vehicle, the left front domain power distribution device can be considered to be located in the left front area of the vehicle, and the right front domain power distribution device can be considered to be located in the right front area of the vehicle. After the rear domain power distribution device, the left front domain power distribution device, and the right front domain power distribution device obtain the voltage after the voltage reduction processing, they can perform fine power distribution to the loads distributed around them nearby, thereby saving the number of wiring harnesses required and reducing the transmission energy consumption during power distribution.
[0006] Optionally, the back-end power distribution device includes: a first power net guardian (PNG) and a first electronic protection chip. One end of the first PNG is connected to a first DC-DC converter, and the other end of the first PNG is connected to the first electronic protection chip. The first electronic protection chip is connected to a first relatively high-voltage load in the first load. The first electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the first relatively high-voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0007] In this embodiment, the back-domain power distribution device includes a first PNG and a first electronic protection chip, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, and directly using the second preset voltage to distribute power to the relatively high-voltage load in the first load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the relatively high-voltage load in the first load.
[0008] Optionally, when multiple first electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple first electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each first electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding first relative high voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relative high voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0009] In this embodiment, multiple first electronic protection chips can be configured, and each first electronic protection chip independently distributes power to the corresponding high-voltage load. This ensures that the power demand of the high-voltage load in the first load is met, and that if a fault occurs in a branch of a high-voltage load, the faulty branch can be handled separately without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0010] Optionally, the rear-area power distribution device further includes: a second DC-DC converter and a second electronic protection chip, one end of the second DC-DC converter being connected to the first PNG, the other end of the second DC-DC converter being connected to the second electronic protection chip, and the second electronic protection chip being connected to the first relatively low-voltage load in the first load; the second DC-DC converter is used to convert a second preset voltage to a third preset voltage, the third preset voltage being less than the second preset voltage; the second electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the first relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
[0011] In this embodiment, the second preset voltage can be further stepped down to a third preset voltage within the back-domain power distribution device. While ensuring the safety of subsequent use, the lower third preset voltage is used to distribute power to the relatively low-voltage loads in the first load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the relatively low-voltage loads in the first load.
[0012] Optionally, when multiple second electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple second electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each second electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding first relatively low voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relatively low voltage load based on a third preset voltage.
[0013] In this embodiment, multiple first electronic protection chips can be configured, and each first electronic protection chip independently distributes power to the corresponding relatively low-voltage load. This ensures that the power demand of the relatively low-voltage load in the first load is met, and that if a fault occurs in a branch of a relatively low-voltage load, the faulty branch can be handled separately without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0014] Optionally, the left front domain power distribution device includes: a second PNG and a third electronic protection chip. One end of the second PNG is connected to the first electronic protection chip, and the other end of the second PNG is connected to the third electronic protection chip. The third electronic protection chip is connected to the second relatively high voltage load in the second load. The third electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the second relatively high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
[0015] In this embodiment, the left front domain power distribution device includes a second PNG and a third electronic protection chip, thereby effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, and directly using the second preset voltage to distribute power to the relatively high-voltage load in the second load located around itself, thereby better meeting the power demand of the relatively high-voltage load in the second load.
[0016] Optionally, when multiple third electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple third electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each third electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding second relative high voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relative high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
[0017] In this embodiment, multiple third electronic protection chips can be configured, and each third electronic protection chip independently distributes power to the corresponding high-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the high-voltage load in the second load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a high-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0018] Optionally, the left front domain power distribution device further includes: a third DC-DC converter and a fourth electronic protection chip. One end of the third DC-DC converter is connected to the second PNG, and the other end of the third DC-DC converter is connected to the fourth electronic protection chip. The fourth electronic protection chip is connected to the second relatively low-voltage load in the second load. The third DC-DC converter is used to convert the second preset voltage to a third preset voltage, which is less than the second preset voltage. The fourth electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the second relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
[0019] In this embodiment, the second preset voltage can be further reduced to a third preset voltage inside the left front domain power distribution device. While effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, the lower third preset voltage is used to distribute power to the relatively low-voltage load in the second load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the relatively low-voltage load in the second load.
[0020] Optionally, when multiple fourth electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple fourth electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each fourth electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load based on a third preset voltage.
[0021] In this embodiment, multiple fourth electronic protection chips can be configured, and each fourth electronic protection chip independently distributes power to the corresponding relatively high-voltage load. This ensures that while meeting the power demand of the relatively low-voltage load in the second load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a relatively low-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0022] Optionally, the second load and the third load are at least partially identical, wherein the identical portion of the load is a load that achieves an automotive safety integrity level of ASIL-C or ASIL-D.
[0023] In this embodiment of the application, for loads with high safety requirements, the left front domain power distribution device and the right front domain power distribution device can independently distribute power to them, thereby forming a redundant power distribution mechanism to ensure the power reliability of loads with high safety requirements.
[0024] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a vehicle that includes the power distribution system described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect.
[0025] It should be understood that the technical solutions of the two aspects of the embodiments of this application are consistent with those of the first aspect of the embodiments of this application, and the beneficial effects achieved by the various aspects and the corresponding feasible implementation methods are similar, and will not be described again. Attached Figure Description
[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this specification. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the first type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the second type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the third type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the fourth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the fifth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the sixth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the seventh type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the eighth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the ninth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the tenth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the eleventh type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the twelfth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the thirteenth type of power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0028] To better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0029] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this specification. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this specification without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this specification.
[0030] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this specification. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
[0031] The inventors of this application have discovered that in related technologies, vehicles often use centralized power distribution methods (such as fuse boxes) to distribute power to loads. However, vehicles have a wide variety of load types, resulting in a large number of wiring harnesses required and increased energy consumption during power distribution.
[0032] Therefore, embodiments of this application provide a power distribution system that can effectively reduce the number of wiring harnesses required and reduce transmission energy consumption during power distribution.
[0033] The power distribution system protected by the embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0034] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first power distribution system provided in an embodiment of this application. The power distribution system includes: a power battery 101, a first DC-DC converter 102, a rear-domain power distribution device 103, a left-front-domain power distribution device 104, and a right-front-domain power distribution device 105. The power battery 101, the first DC-DC converter 102, and the rear-domain power distribution device 103 are connected sequentially. The rear-domain power distribution device 103 is connected to both the left-front-domain power distribution device 104 and the right-front-domain power distribution device 105. The rear-domain power distribution device 103 is connected to a first load, the left-front-domain power distribution device 104 is connected to a second load, and the right-front-domain power distribution device 105... 5. Connect a third load; wherein, a power battery 101 is used to output a first preset voltage; a first DC-DC converter 102 is used to convert the first preset voltage into a second preset voltage, the second preset voltage being less than the first preset voltage; a rear domain power distribution device 103 is used to distribute power to the first load based on a voltage not higher than the second preset voltage; a left front domain power distribution device 104 is used to distribute power to the second load based on a voltage not higher than the second preset voltage; and a right front domain power distribution device 105 is used to distribute power to the third load based on a voltage not higher than the second preset voltage.
[0035] In this embodiment, the first preset voltage that the power battery 101 can output varies greatly depending on factors such as vehicle type (pure electric / hybrid / commercial vehicle), power requirements, and the technical route adopted. The mainstream range is between [200V and 800V], and this application does not impose any special restrictions on it.
[0036] The first DC-DC converter 102 can convert the first preset voltage output by the power battery 101 into a second preset voltage, wherein the second preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage. For example, if the second preset voltage is 48V, then the subsequent transmission is based on the 48V voltage, which can effectively reduce transmission energy consumption compared to the traditional 12V transmission.
[0037] The rear power distribution unit 103 can be considered to be located in the rear area of the vehicle, for example, on the rear frame; the left front power distribution unit 104 can be considered to be located in the left front area of the vehicle, for example, on the left front beam of the front compartment; the right front power distribution unit 105 can be considered to be located in the right front area of the vehicle, for example, on the right front beam of the front compartment. Since the rear power distribution unit 103, the left front power distribution unit 104, and the right front power distribution unit 105 are each located in different positions in the vehicle, and the various types of loads in the vehicle are also distributed in different positions, the rear power distribution unit 103, the left front power distribution unit 104, and the right front power distribution unit 105 can, based on the stepped-down voltage, perform precise and flexible power distribution to the loads distributed around them, thereby saving the number of wiring harnesses required and reducing the transmission energy consumption during power distribution.
[0038] The first load can be considered as a load that is powered by the rear domain power distribution device 103. For example, the first load includes: the central domain controller, the Electromechanical Brake (EMB) left rear braking system, the EMB right rear braking system, the left domain controller, the right domain controller, the intelligent driving controller, the rear blower, the rear defroster, the rear seat, the rear wiper, the tailgate lock, and the rear brake light, etc. This application does not impose any special limitations on this.
[0039] The second load can be considered as a load that is powered by the left front domain power distribution device 104. For example, the second load includes: the EMB left front braking system, the EMB right front braking system, the steer-by-wire hand actuator, the steer-by-wire wheel actuator, the electric fan, the windshield wipers, the horn, the left front seat, the left front door lock, the left headlight, and the battery (e.g., rated voltage 48V). This application does not impose any particular limitation on this. It should be understood that under normal circumstances, the battery is charged as a load. When the power distribution system cannot distribute power based on the power battery 101, the battery can be used as a backup power source to distribute power to other loads in the power distribution system.
[0040] The third load can be considered as a load that is powered by the right front domain power distribution device 105. For example, the third load includes: EMB right front braking system, EMB left front braking system, steer-by-wire hand control actuator, steer-by-wire wheel control actuator, motor cooling water pump, front blower, electronic oil pump, vehicle refrigerator, right front seat, right front door lock, right front headlight, etc. This application does not impose any special restrictions on this.
[0041] It should be noted that the second and third loads are at least partially identical. This identical portion of the load is independently powered by the left front domain power distribution device 104 and the right front domain power distribution device 105, thus forming a redundant power distribution mechanism. For example, the aforementioned identical portion of the load is a load with an ASIL-C or ASIL-D level vehicle safety integrity rating. As one possible implementation, the identical portion of the load could be the EMB left front braking system, the EMB right front braking system, the steer-by-wire hand actuator, or the steer-by-wire wheel actuator.
[0042] Of course, the first load may also include loads that reach ASIL-C or ASIL-D levels, so a similar redundant power distribution mechanism can also be set up. For example, redundant power distribution can be provided for the EMB left rear braking system, EMB right rear braking system, and intelligent driving domain controller in the first load through the rear domain controller 103.
[0043] The following is a detailed description of the rear-area power distribution device 103.
[0044] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the back-domain power distribution device 103 includes: a first PNG1031 and a first electronic protection chip 1032. One end of the first PNG1031 is connected to the first DC-DC converter 102, and the other end of the first PNG1031 is connected to the first electronic protection chip 1032. The first electronic protection chip 1032 is connected to the first relatively high-voltage load in the first load. The first electronic protection chip 1032 is used to distribute power to the first relatively high-voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0045] In this embodiment, the back-domain power distribution device 103 includes a first PNG 1031 and a first electronic protection chip 1032. The functions of both will be described in detail below and will not be repeated here. Based on this, while effectively ensuring subsequent safety, the second preset voltage can be directly used to distribute power to the first relatively high-voltage load among the first loads located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the first relatively high-voltage load among the first loads.
[0046] It should be noted that the first load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load, among which the first relative high voltage load is the 48V load. For example, the first relative high voltage load is: central domain controller, EMB left rear braking system, EMB right rear braking system, left domain controller, right domain controller, etc.
[0047] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a third power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the first electronic protection chip 1032 can be configured as a plurality of chips, which are connected in parallel. Each first electronic protection chip 1032 is connected to a corresponding first relative high voltage load and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relative high voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0048] In the above embodiments, the first electronic protection chip 1032 is configured to correspond one-to-one with the first relative high-voltage load. Each first electronic protection chip 1032 independently distributes power to the corresponding first relative high-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the first relative high-voltage load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch of a relative high-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0049] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when power is distributed to the first relatively high voltage load in the first load, the corresponding first electronic protection chip 1032 can be an electronic fuse.
[0050] In some embodiments, the back-domain power distribution device 103 needs to distribute power not only based on the second preset voltage, but also based on a smaller voltage, so as to meet the power needs of different types of loads around it.
[0051] Please refer to Figure 4, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 4, the rear-domain power distribution device 103 further includes: a second DC-DC converter 1033 and a second electronic protection chip 1034. One end of the second DC-DC converter 1033 is connected to the first PNG 1031, and the other end of the second DC-DC converter 1033 is connected to the second electronic protection chip 1034. The second electronic protection chip 1034 is connected to the first relatively low-voltage load in the first load. The second DC-DC converter 1033 is used to convert a second preset voltage into a third preset voltage, the third preset voltage being less than the second preset voltage. The second electronic protection chip 1034 is used to distribute power to the first relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
[0052] In this embodiment, the second preset voltage can be further reduced to a third preset voltage within the back-domain power distribution device 103. While ensuring the safety of subsequent use, the lower third preset voltage is used to distribute power to the relatively low-voltage loads in the first load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the relatively low-voltage loads in the first load.
[0053] It should be noted that the first load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load. The first relatively low voltage load is the 12V load. For example, the first relatively low voltage load in the first load is: intelligent driving controller, rear blower, rear defroster, rear seat, rear wiper, tailgate lock, rear brake light, etc.
[0054] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5, which is a structural schematic diagram of the fifth power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the second electronic protection chip 1034 can be configured as a plurality of chips, which are connected in parallel. Each second electronic protection chip 1034 is connected to a corresponding first relatively low-voltage load and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relatively low-voltage load based on a third preset voltage.
[0055] In the above embodiment, the second electronic protection chip 1034 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the first relatively low-voltage load. Each first electronic protection chip 1034 independently distributes power to the corresponding first relatively low-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the first relatively low-voltage load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a certain first relatively low-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0056] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when power is distributed to the first relatively low-voltage load in the first load, when the first relatively low-voltage load is the intelligent driving controller, the corresponding second electronic protection chip 1034 can be efuse; when the first relatively low-voltage load is the rear blower, rear defroster, rear seat, rear wiper, tailgate lock, or rear brake light, the corresponding second electronic protection chip 1034 can be a high-side driver (HSD).
[0057] The main functions of the first PNG1031 and the electronic protection chip (first electronic protection chip 1032 or second electronic protection chip 1034) in the back domain controller 103 are explained below.
[0058] The core function of the first PNG1031 is as a "source manager" for low-voltage power distribution. It connects to the output of the first DC-DC converter 102, manages the overall low-voltage power supply, and distributes safe power to downstream protection chips. All its functions revolve around "ensuring that the low-voltage power output of the first DC-DC converter 102 is stable and safely delivered to each load branch." Its specific functions are as follows: 1. Monitor the low-voltage output of the first DC-DC converter 102 to ensure reliable power supply. Monitor the output parameters of the first DC-DC converter 102 in real time (e.g., 48V voltage, total output current, temperature) to verify whether they meet the threshold requirements of the low-voltage power distribution network (e.g., voltage fluctuation ≤ ±5%, current not exceeding the rated output of the first DC-DC converter 102). If the first DC-DC converter 102 malfunctions (e.g., output overvoltage / undervoltage, overcurrent, overheating), the first PNG1031 will immediately trigger "upstream isolation," that is, disconnect the connection with the faulty first DC-DC converter 102 (if it is a dual DC-DC redundant architecture, it will switch to the backup DC-DC converter simultaneously) to prevent unqualified power from entering the downstream protection chips and loads and prevent cascading damage.
[0059] 2. Low-voltage power distribution: The total low-voltage power output from the first DC-DC converter 102 is distributed to the first electronic protection chip 1032 of different branches according to load priority (safety > comfort > entertainment); it supports "dynamic load management": for example, when the vehicle is in sleep mode, the first PNG1031 will shut down the power distribution of unnecessary branches (by controlling the protection chip to sleep mode), reducing static power consumption; when the vehicle starts, power is gradually supplied to each branch according to the load activation order (safety system first, then comfort system), avoiding excessive inrush current of the first DC-DC converter 102 during startup.
[0060] 3. Global Response and Isolation of Downstream Faults: Receives fault feedback from various electronic protection chips (including the first electronic protection chip 1032 and the second electronic protection chip 1034). The first PNG1031 determines the scope of the fault impact: if it is a single branch fault, it only notifies the corresponding protection chip to shut down the branch; if multiple branches are abnormal simultaneously (possibly due to a problem with the first DC-DC converter 102 or the first PNG1031 itself), it triggers global power protection (such as cutting off all non-critical branches while maintaining power supply to the safety system); records fault tracing information (such as "undervoltage output of the first DC-DC converter 102 caused the first PNG1031 to switch to redundant power supply" or "overcurrent trigger shutdown of an electronic protection chip in a certain branch"), and uploads it to the vehicle controller via the CAN bus to support after-sales diagnostics.
[0061] The core function of the electronic protection chip is to interface with the branch power allocated by the first PNG1031, protect specific loads and wiring harnesses, and achieve branch-level control. All functions focus on "safety protection and precise control of individual branches" to avoid the spread of local faults. Specific functions include: 1. Precise protection of branch power (customized for load characteristics) Overcurrent / short circuit protection: Based on the rated current of the downstream load (e.g., 5A for radar sensors, 10A for car window motors), a preset protection threshold is set. When the load is short-circuited or the current exceeds the limit, the branch is shut down in microseconds (eFuse response speed is faster than HSD, suitable for sensitive loads). Prevents wiring harness overheating and fire; Overvoltage / undervoltage protection: filters instantaneous fluctuations in the power distribution of the first PNG1031 (such as voltage spikes output by the first DC-DC converter 102 during rapid vehicle acceleration). If the voltage exceeds the load tolerance range (such as 9-16V allowable voltage for a 12V load), the power supply is immediately cut off to protect the load (such as smart cockpit chips and sensors) from voltage surges; Overtemperature protection: monitors its own chip temperature (such as heat generated when the HSD drives a high-power load). When overheating occurs, it automatically shuts down to prevent chip burnout and simultaneously reports a "branch overtemperature" fault to the first PNG1031.
[0062] 2. Intelligent load control and status feedback on / off control: Receives commands from the first PNG1031 or the vehicle controller to control the start and stop of branch loads (such as HSD driving the forward and reverse rotation of the window motor, eFuse turning on the power supply to the cockpit display), replacing traditional mechanical relays with faster response speed (milliseconds → microseconds) and longer lifespan; Status diagnosis: Provides real-time feedback on branch status (such as "normal power supply", "overcurrent shutdown", "short circuit fault") to the first PNG1031, allowing the first PNG1031 to understand the operating status of each branch and provide a basis for global power management; Resettable / programmable features: After fault clearance (such as load short circuit removal), eFuse can be automatically reset via commands from the first PNG1031 without manual replacement (unlike traditional fuses); It also supports configuring protection thresholds via the first PNG1031 (such as adjusting the overcurrent threshold for new loads) to adapt to different load requirements.
[0063] 3. Surge suppression with "buffering and adaptation" between the first PNG1031 and the load: When the vehicle starts or the load is activated, the rise rate of the branch voltage / current is controlled to avoid damage to the load by instantaneous surge current (such as eFuse suppressing surge current when the camera starts, and HSD smoothing the start and stop of the drive seat motor); Harness protection: For different branch harness wire diameters (such as thin wires carrying current ≤8A), the overcurrent threshold of the protection chip is used to limit the harness to avoid long-term overload, overheating and aging, and reduce the risk of line failure.
[0064] The left front domain power distribution device 104 will be described in detail below.
[0065] Please refer to Figure 6, which is a structural schematic diagram of the sixth power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the left front domain power distribution device 104 includes: a second PNG1041 and a third electronic protection chip 1042. One end of the second PNG1041 is connected to the first electronic protection chip 1032, and the other end of the second PNG1041 is connected to the third electronic protection chip 1042. The third electronic protection chip 1042 is connected to the second relatively high voltage load in the second load. The third electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the second relatively high voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0066] In this embodiment, the left front domain power distribution device 104 includes a second PNG 1041 and a third electronic protection chip 1042, the specific functions of which are similar to those in the rear domain power distribution device 103, and will not be described again here. Based on this, while effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, power can be directly distributed to the second relatively high-voltage load among the second loads located around it using the second preset voltage, thereby better meeting the power demand of the second relatively high-voltage load among the second loads.
[0067] It should be noted that the second load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load, where the second relative high voltage load is a 48V load. For example, the second relative high voltage load is: EMB left front braking system, EMB right front braking system, steer-by-wire hand actuator, steer-by-wire wheel actuator, electric fan, etc.
[0068] In some embodiments, please refer to FIG7, which is a structural schematic diagram of the seventh power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application. As shown in FIG7, the third electronic protection chip 1042 can be configured as a plurality of them, which are arranged in parallel. Each third electronic protection chip 1042 is connected to the corresponding second relative high voltage load and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relative high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
[0069] In the above embodiments, the third electronic protection chip 1042 is configured one-to-one with the second relative high voltage load in the second load. Each third electronic protection chip 1042 independently distributes power to the corresponding second relative high voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the second relative high voltage load in the second load, it is beneficial that if a fault occurs in a branch where a second relative high voltage load is located, the faulty branch can be handled separately without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0070] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when distributing power to the second relatively high voltage load in the second load, the corresponding second electronic protection chip 1032 can be efuse.
[0071] In some embodiments, the left front domain power distribution device 104 needs to distribute power not only based on the second preset voltage, but also based on a smaller voltage, so as to meet the power needs of different types of loads around it.
[0072] Please refer to Figure 8, which is a structural schematic diagram of the eighth power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 8, the left front domain power distribution device 104 further includes: a third DC-DC converter 1043 and a fourth electronic protection chip 1044. One end of the third DC-DC converter 1043 is connected to the second PNG 1041, and the other end of the third DC-DC converter 1043 is connected to the fourth electronic protection chip 1044. The fourth electronic protection chip 1044 is connected to the second relatively low-voltage load in the second load. The third DC-DC converter 1043 is used to convert the second preset voltage into a third preset voltage, the third preset voltage being less than the second preset voltage. The fourth electronic protection chip 1044 is used to distribute power to the second relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
[0073] In this embodiment, the second preset voltage can be further reduced to a third preset voltage inside the left front domain power distribution device 104. While effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, the lower third preset voltage is used to distribute power to the second relatively low voltage load in the second load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the second relatively low voltage load in the second load.
[0074] It should be noted that the second load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load. The second relatively low voltage load is the 12V load. For example, the second relatively low voltage load in the second load is: windshield wiper, horn, left front seat, left front door lock, left headlight, etc.
[0075] In some embodiments, please refer to FIG9, which is a structural schematic diagram of the ninth power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application. As shown in FIG9, when multiple fourth electronic protection chips 1044 are configured, the multiple fourth electronic protection chips 1044 are arranged in parallel, each fourth electronic protection chip 1044 is connected to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load based on a third preset voltage.
[0076] In the above embodiment, the fourth electronic protection chip 1044 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the second relative low-voltage load. Each fourth electronic protection chip 1044 independently distributes power to the corresponding second relative low-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the second relative low-voltage load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a second relative low-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0077] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when power is distributed to the second relatively low-voltage load in the second load, the corresponding fourth electronic protection chip 1044 can be HSD.
[0078] The right front area power distribution device 105 will be described in detail below.
[0079] Please refer to Figure 10, which is a structural schematic diagram of the tenth power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 10, the right front domain power distribution device 105 includes: a third PNG1051 and a fifth electronic protection chip 1052. One end of the third PNG1051 is connected to the first electronic protection chip 1032, and the other end of the third PNG1051 is connected to the fifth electronic protection chip 1052. The fifth electronic protection chip 1052 is connected to the third relatively high voltage load in the third load. The fifth electronic protection chip 1052 is used to distribute power to the third relatively high voltage load based on a second preset voltage.
[0080] In this embodiment, the right front domain power distribution device 105 includes a third PNG1051 and a fifth electronic protection chip 1052, whose specific functions are similar to those in the rear domain power distribution device 103, and will not be described again here. Based on this, while effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, power can be directly distributed to the third relatively high-voltage load among the third loads located around it using the second preset voltage, thereby better meeting the power demand of the third relatively high-voltage load among the third loads.
[0081] It should be noted that the third load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load. The third relative high voltage load is the 48V load. For example, the third relative high voltage load is: EMB right front brake system, EMB left front brake system, steer-by-wire hand actuator, steer-by-wire wheel actuator, motor cooling water pump, front blower, etc.
[0082] In some embodiments, please refer to FIG11, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of the eleventh power distribution system provided in the embodiments of this application. As shown in FIG11, the fifth electronic protection chip 1052 can be configured as a plurality of them, which are arranged in parallel. Each fifth electronic protection chip 1052 is connected to the corresponding third relative high voltage load and is used to distribute power to the corresponding third relative high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
[0083] In the above embodiments, the fifth electronic protection chip 1052 is configured one-to-one with the third relative high-voltage load in the third load. Each fifth electronic protection chip 1052 independently distributes power to the corresponding third relative high-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the third relative high-voltage load in the third load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a third relative high-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0084] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when distributing power to the third relative high-voltage load in the third load, the corresponding fifth electronic protection chip 1052 can be efuse.
[0085] In some embodiments, the right front domain power distribution device 105 needs to distribute power not only based on the second preset voltage, but also based on a smaller voltage, so as to meet the power demand of different types of loads around it.
[0086] Please refer to Figure 12, which is a structural schematic diagram of the twelfth type of power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 12, the right front domain power distribution device 105 further includes: a fourth DC-DC converter 1053 and a sixth electronic protection chip 1054. One end of the fourth DC-DC converter 1053 is connected to the third PNG 1051, and the other end of the fourth DC-DC converter 1053 is connected to the sixth electronic protection chip 1054. The sixth electronic protection chip 1054 is connected to the third relatively low-voltage load in the third load. The fourth DC-DC converter 1053 is used to convert the second preset voltage into a third preset voltage, the third preset voltage being less than the second preset voltage. The sixth electronic protection chip 1054 is used to distribute power to the third relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
[0087] In this embodiment, the second preset voltage can be further reduced to a third preset voltage inside the right front domain power distribution device 105. While effectively ensuring the safety of subsequent use, the lower third preset voltage is used to distribute power to the third relatively low-voltage load in the third load located around it, thereby better meeting the power demand of the third relatively low-voltage load in the third load.
[0088] It should be noted that the third load can be divided into 48V load and 12V load. The third relatively low voltage load is a 12V load. For example, the third relatively low voltage load in the third load is: electronic oil pump, car refrigerator, right front seat, right front door lock, right headlight, etc.
[0089] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 13, which is a structural schematic diagram of the thirteenth power distribution system provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 13, when multiple sixth electronic protection chips 1054 are configured, the multiple sixth electronic protection chips 1054 are arranged in parallel, each sixth electronic protection chip 1054 is connected to the corresponding third relative low-voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding third relative low-voltage load based on a third preset voltage.
[0090] In the above embodiment, the sixth electronic protection chip 1054 is configured in a one-to-one correspondence with the third relative low-voltage load. Each sixth electronic protection chip 1054 independently distributes power to the corresponding third relative low-voltage load. This ensures that, while meeting the power demand of the third relative low-voltage load, it also allows for the separate handling of the faulty branch when a fault occurs in a branch containing a third relative low-voltage load, without affecting other branches, thereby minimizing the impact of the fault.
[0091] It should be noted that in the above embodiments, when power is distributed to the third relatively low-voltage load in the third load, the corresponding sixth electronic protection chip 1054 can be HSD.
[0092] This application provides a vehicle that includes the power distribution system shown in Figures 1 to 13. For example, the vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a range-extended vehicle, or a plug-in hybrid vehicle; this application does not impose any particular limitation on this.
[0093] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of protection of this specification.
Claims
1. A power distribution system, characterized in that, The power distribution system includes: a power battery, a first DC-DC converter, a rear-domain power distribution device, a left front-domain power distribution device, and a right front-domain power distribution device. The power battery, the first DC-DC converter, and the rear-domain power distribution device are connected sequentially. The rear-domain power distribution device is connected to both the left and right front-domain power distribution devices. The rear-domain power distribution device is connected to a first load, the left front-domain power distribution device is connected to a second load, and the right front-domain power distribution device is connected to a third load. The power battery outputs a first preset voltage. The first DC-DC converter converts the first preset voltage to a second preset voltage, where the second preset voltage is less than the first preset voltage. The rear-domain power distribution device distributes power to the first load at a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage. The left front-domain power distribution device distributes power to the second load at a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage. The right front-domain power distribution device distributes power to the third load at a voltage not exceeding the second preset voltage.
2. The power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The back-end power distribution device includes: a first grid isolation device (PNG) and a first electronic protection chip. One end of the first PNG is connected to the first DC-DC converter, and the other end of the first PNG is connected to the first electronic protection chip. The first electronic protection chip is connected to a first relatively high-voltage load in the first load. The first electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the first relatively high-voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
3. The power distribution system according to claim 2, characterized in that, When multiple first electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple first electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each first electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding first relative high voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relative high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
4. The power distribution system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The back-end power distribution device further includes: a second DC-DC converter and a second electronic protection chip. One end of the second DC-DC converter is connected to the first PNG, and the other end of the second DC-DC converter is connected to the second electronic protection chip. The second electronic protection chip is connected to a first relatively low-voltage load in the first load. The second DC-DC converter is used to convert the second preset voltage into a third preset voltage, the third preset voltage being less than the second preset voltage. The second electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the first relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
5. The power distribution system according to claim 4, characterized in that, When multiple second electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple second electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each second electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding first relatively low voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding first relatively low voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
6. The power distribution system according to any one of claims 2-5, characterized in that, The left front domain power distribution device includes: a second PNG and a third electronic protection chip. One end of the second PNG is connected to the first electronic protection chip, and the other end of the second PNG is connected to the third electronic protection chip. The third electronic protection chip is connected to the second relatively high voltage load in the second load. The third electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the second relatively high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
7. The power distribution system according to claim 6, characterized in that, When multiple third electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple third electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each third electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding second relative high voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relative high voltage load based on the second preset voltage.
8. The power distribution system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The left front domain power distribution device further includes: a third DC-DC converter and a fourth electronic protection chip. One end of the third DC-DC converter is connected to the second PNG, and the other end of the third DC-DC converter is connected to the fourth electronic protection chip. The fourth electronic protection chip is connected to the second relatively low-voltage load in the second load. The third DC-DC converter is used to convert the second preset voltage to a third preset voltage, which is less than the second preset voltage. The fourth electronic protection chip is used to distribute power to the second relatively low-voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
9. The power distribution system according to claim 8, characterized in that, When multiple fourth electronic protection chips are configured, the multiple fourth electronic protection chips are connected in parallel, each fourth electronic protection chip is connected to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load, and is used to distribute power to the corresponding second relatively low voltage load based on the third preset voltage.
10. The power distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second load and the third load are at least partially identical, wherein the identical portion of the load is a load that achieves an automotive safety integrity level of ASIL-C or ASIL-D.