Wireless communication method and device of photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, medium and product

Abstract

The invention discloses a wireless communication method and device for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, a medium and a product, and the method comprises the steps: triggering the execution of reconfiguration of working parameters of a built-in wireless communication module through a channel parameter reconfiguration instruction, and configuring an inverter data collection mode for the built-in wireless communication module; sending a wireless connection request to the photovoltaic interface converter, and requesting to establish a wireless connection link with the photovoltaic interface converter through the module; when a connection link is established, scheduling an acquisition mode in a preset resource reuse mode to acquire first operation data of the photovoltaic inverter in a first time slot, and after the first operation data is stored in a local cache region, recovering the module to a transformer area communication mode; and when a data request instruction of a transformer area terminal is received by the module, target operation data is extracted from the cache region, and is sent to the transformer area terminal in a second time slot by using a transformer area communication mode. According to the invention, the flexibility of establishing the communication link between the indoor photovoltaic inverter and the outdoor power grid terminal in a stock building scene is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of communication technology for photovoltaic power generation systems, and in particular to a wireless communication method, device, medium, and product for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker. Background Technology

[0002] As the global energy structure continues to shift towards cleaner and lower-carbon energy, distributed energy, represented by residential photovoltaic systems, is being rapidly integrated into the modern power grid system. As the core infrastructure for carrying and absorbing this type of energy, the power grid's ability to monitor the operating status of key equipment such as user-side photovoltaic inverters in real time and accurately has become an important cornerstone for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and improving energy utilization efficiency.

[0003] In related technologies, a direct physical communication cable connection is typically used to collect operational data from indoor photovoltaic (PV) inverters. Specifically, this requires physical cabling between the PV interface converter located inside the user's residence (such as a basement or balcony) and the power grid data acquisition terminal installed in the hallway or outdoor meter box. Construction workers need to drill holes in the walls along the route to lay a dedicated RS485 or CAN communication bus, connecting both ends of the cable to the corresponding ports of the indoor interface converter and the outdoor power grid terminal. When data is needed, the outdoor power grid terminal initiates a query to the interface converter via this dedicated cable, and the interface converter then transmits the operational data read from the PV inverter back through the same dedicated cable.

[0004] However, the physical wiring schemes described above rely on invasive construction methods such as drilling and wall grooving, which may not only damage the original decoration structure but also cause subsequent problems such as wall cracking and water leakage. As a result, in existing building scenarios, physical wiring schemes are often unable to be implemented due to construction limitations, which in turn leads to poor flexibility in establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention provides a wireless communication method, device, medium, and product for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers, which enhances the flexibility of establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a wireless communication method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker. The method includes: upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration command, triggering a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of a built-in wireless communication module to configure an inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module; sending a wireless connection request to a photovoltaic interface converter to request the establishment of a wireless connection link between the wireless communication module and the photovoltaic interface converter; when a wireless connection link has been established between the wireless communication module and the photovoltaic interface converter, using a preset resource reuse method to schedule the inverter data acquisition mode to acquire first inverter operating data of the photovoltaic inverter in a first time slot, storing the first inverter operating data in a local buffer, and then reverting the wireless communication module to the transformer area communication mode, with the photovoltaic inverter and the photovoltaic interface converter connected via a preset communication cable; upon receiving a data request command from a transformer area terminal via the wireless communication module, extracting target inverter operating data from the local buffer according to the data request command, and sending the target inverter operating data to the transformer area terminal in a second time slot using the transformer area communication mode.

[0007] By adopting the above technical solution, the channel parameter reconfiguration command triggers the wireless communication module to perform a working parameter reconfiguration operation, enabling the wireless communication module to switch from the transformer area communication mode to the inverter data acquisition mode. This mode switching mechanism works in conjunction with the wireless connection request of the photovoltaic interface converter to ensure that after the wireless connection link is established, the preset resource reuse mode can accurately schedule the inverter data acquisition mode to collect the first inverter operating data of the photovoltaic inverter in the first time slot. The operation of storing the first inverter operating data in the local buffer and the switching of the wireless communication module back to the transformer area communication mode are time-coordinated, so that when the transformer area terminal sends a data request command, the wireless communication module is already in the transformer area communication mode and can immediately retrieve the target inverter operating data from the local buffer and complete the transmission in the second time slot. This combination of dual-mode switching and time-division multiplexing mechanism can achieve seamless connection between photovoltaic inverter data acquisition and transformer area terminal data transmission, avoid communication conflicts, and improve the data processing efficiency and communication resource utilization of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker. This solves the technical problem of poor flexibility in establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios, and achieves the technical effect of improving the flexibility of establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios.

[0008] Optionally, upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration command, the command triggers a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of the built-in wireless communication module to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. Specifically, this includes: performing communication path detection on the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter to obtain the actual communication path characteristics between them, including the actual communication distance and building obstruction; performing signal quality testing on the wireless communication module based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands; parsing the channel parameter reconfiguration command to obtain the parameter type identifier bit of the operating parameters; and reconfiguring the operating parameters based on the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier bit to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the actual communication distance and building obstruction level obtained from the communication path detection between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter provide environmental parameter benchmarks for subsequent signal quality testing. This allows the wireless communication module to conduct targeted testing on different candidate communication frequency bands. The received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands, together with the parameter type identifier obtained from the channel parameter reconfiguration command parsing, form a dual decision basis for parameter reconfiguration. The parameter type identifier guides the selection of the reconfiguration type of the operating parameters, while the received signal strength determines the setting of specific parameter values. The two work together to ensure that the inverter data acquisition mode configured by the wireless communication module can adapt to the actual communication environment. This environment-aware adaptive configuration mechanism enables the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to automatically optimize communication parameters in complex installation environments, thereby improving the communication reliability and data acquisition success rate with the photovoltaic interface converter.

[0010] Optionally, signal quality testing is performed on the wireless communication module based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands. Specifically, this includes: scanning the wireless communication module at different frequency points to obtain the instantaneous received signal strength at each frequency point; performing distance attenuation compensation on the instantaneous received signal strength based on the actual communication distance to obtain the compensated signal strength at each frequency point; performing occlusion loss correction on the compensated signal strength based on the degree of building occlusion to obtain the corrected signal strength at each frequency point; sorting the different frequency points in descending order of corrected signal strength to obtain a frequency point sorting list; selecting the frequency bands containing multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list that meet a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold as multiple candidate communication frequency bands; and selecting the multiple corrected signal strengths corresponding to the multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list as the received signal strengths of the multiple candidate communication frequency bands.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the instantaneous received signal strength obtained by the wireless communication module scanning at different frequency points is processed by distance attenuation compensation based on the actual communication distance to obtain a compensated signal strength. This compensated signal strength is then combined with the degree of building obstruction for shading loss correction, forming a multi-dimensional signal quality assessment system. The sorting of the corrected signal strength generates a frequency point sorting list. This frequency point sorting list, combined with a screening mechanism based on a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold, accurately identifies multiple candidate communication frequency bands that meet communication quality requirements. The multiple corrected signal strengths corresponding to multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list serve as the received signal strengths of the candidate communication frequency bands, providing a quantitative basis for channel quality for subsequent parameter configuration. This step-by-step compensation and correction signal assessment method not only eliminates the interference of distance and shading factors on signal strength measurement, but also enables photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers to accurately assess the actually available communication frequency bands, significantly improving the accuracy of selecting the optimal communication frequency band in complex environments.

[0012] Optionally, the step of reconfiguring the operating parameters according to the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module specifically includes: determining the frequency point parameter, baud rate parameter, and communication protocol parameter from the operating parameters according to the parameter type identifier; obtaining a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database, and reconfiguring at least one parameter among the frequency point parameter, baud rate parameter, and communication protocol parameter according to the reconfiguration priority list to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. The reconfiguration priority list includes a first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the highest priority frequency point parameter, a second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the medium priority baud rate parameter, and a third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the lowest priority communication protocol parameter.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the parameter type identifier accurately identifies frequency parameters, baud rate parameters, and communication protocol parameters from the operating parameters. These three types of parameters are mapped to a reconfiguration priority list in the preset configuration database. The reconfiguration trigger condition for the frequency parameter (first parameter) has the highest priority, the reconfiguration trigger condition for the baud rate parameter (second parameter) has medium priority, and the reconfiguration trigger condition for the communication protocol parameter (third parameter) has the lowest priority. This hierarchical priority mechanism ensures that parameter reconfiguration is performed sequentially according to its impact on communication quality. Prioritizing the adjustment of frequency parameters ensures the stability of the basic communication link, secondary adjustments to baud rate parameters optimize data transmission efficiency, and final adjustments to communication protocol parameters achieve refined control of transmission reliability. Through this hierarchical parameter reconfiguration strategy, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker can quickly locate and resolve the root cause of communication problems, avoiding system instability caused by blindly adjusting all parameters.

[0014] Optionally, a reconfiguration priority list is retrieved from a preset configuration database, and the frequency point parameters are reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: retrieving the first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and executing the following trigger operations based on the first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the historical frequency point switching count of the wireless communication module; determining that the frequency point parameters need to be reconfigured when the historical frequency point switching count is greater than a preset switching threshold; obtaining the stable operating duration of the current frequency point of the wireless communication module; determining that the frequency point parameters do not need to be reconfigured when the stable operating duration is greater than a preset stable duration threshold and the historical frequency point switching count is less than a preset switching threshold; and determining that the frequency point parameters... When reconfiguration is required, the following iterative selection operation is performed starting from the current candidate communication frequency band, which has the highest ranking among multiple candidate communication frequency bands: The first received signal strength corresponding to the current candidate communication frequency band is determined from the received signal strength; when the first received signal strength meets a preset communication quality threshold, the current candidate communication frequency band is determined as the target communication frequency band, and the iterative selection operation ends; when the first received signal strength does not meet the preset communication quality threshold, the iterative selection operation is performed repeatedly until the target communication frequency band is determined or multiple candidate communication frequency bands are traversed, the operating frequency point of the target communication frequency band is obtained, and the operating frequency point is configured in the frequency control register of the wireless communication module.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the comparison between the historical frequency switching count and the preset switching threshold in the first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition, and the judgment between the stable operating time of the current frequency and the preset stable operating time threshold, form a dual triggering mechanism to avoid frequent and unnecessary frequency switching. When it is determined that reconfiguration is needed, an iterative selection operation is performed from multiple candidate communication frequency bands in order, so that the first received signal strength of each current candidate communication frequency band is matched and verified with the preset communication quality threshold. This step-by-step screening mechanism ensures that the selected target communication frequency band has the best communication quality. The operating frequency point of the target communication frequency band is directly configured into the frequency control register of the wireless communication module, realizing closed-loop control from channel assessment to parameter configuration. This frequency selection method based on dual assessment of historical stability and real-time quality not only ensures communication stability, but also switches to a better frequency point in a timely manner when channel conditions deteriorate, further improving the communication adaptability of photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers in dynamic environments.

[0016] Optionally, a reconfiguration priority list is retrieved from a preset configuration database, and the baud rate parameter is reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: retrieving the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and executing the following trigger operations according to the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the data transmission rate and data packet loss rate of the wireless communication module; determining that the baud rate parameter needs to be reconfigured when the data transmission rate is less than a preset rate threshold or the data packet loss rate is greater than a preset packet loss rate threshold; determining that the baud rate parameter does not need to be reconfigured when the data transmission rate is greater than a preset rate threshold and the data packet loss rate is less than a preset packet loss rate threshold; and determining that the baud rate parameter needs to be reconfigured when... During line reconfiguration, a second received signal strength is determined from the received signal strength; when the second received signal strength is greater than a first preset strength threshold, a high baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table in the preset configuration database, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the high baud rate configuration; or, when the second received signal strength is less than the first preset strength threshold but greater than the second preset strength threshold, a medium baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the medium baud rate configuration; or, when the second received signal strength is less than the second preset strength threshold, a low baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the low baud rate configuration.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition is determined by two indicators: the data transmission rate and the preset rate threshold, and the data packet loss rate and the preset packet loss rate threshold. This accurately identifies whether the baud rate parameter needs adjustment, avoiding misjudgments that may be caused by a single indicator. When reconfiguration is required, the second received signal strength is compared segmentally with the first and second preset strength thresholds, mapping the signal strength range to high, medium, and low baud rate configurations. This hierarchical mapping mechanism allows the baud rate parameter to dynamically match the current channel capacity. The standardized configuration parameters provided by the baud rate configuration table in the preset configuration database, combined with the real-time signal strength, achieve adaptive adjustment of the baud rate. Through this channel quality-based dynamic baud rate optimization strategy, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker can increase the data transmission rate to reduce transmission latency when channel conditions are good, and reduce the baud rate to ensure transmission reliability when channel conditions are poor, thereby achieving an optimal balance between transmission efficiency and reliability.

[0018] Optionally, a reconfiguration priority list is retrieved from a preset configuration database, and the communication protocol parameters are reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: retrieving the third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and performing the following triggering operations according to the third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the signal quality index and link interruption count of the wireless communication module; determining that the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured when the signal quality index is less than a preset quality threshold or the link interruption count is greater than a preset interruption threshold; determining that the communication protocol parameters do not need to be reconfigured when the signal quality index is greater than the preset quality threshold and the link interruption count is less than the preset interruption threshold; when it is determined that the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured, determining the third received signal strength from the received signal strength; performing fluctuation detection on the third received signal strength to determine the fluctuation range of the third received signal strength; when the fluctuation range is less than a preset fluctuation threshold, selecting a high-speed communication protocol from the communication protocol configuration table in the preset configuration database, and updating the communication protocol parameters using the high-speed communication protocol; or, when the fluctuation range is greater than a preset fluctuation threshold, selecting a reliable communication protocol from the communication protocol configuration table, and updating the communication protocol parameters using the reliable communication protocol.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition evaluates the adaptability of communication protocol parameters using two dimensions: signal quality index and link interruption count. The signal quality index reflects the stability of the current communication, while the link interruption count reflects the reliability of historical communication. The combination of these two provides a comprehensive protocol performance evaluation. The fluctuation range obtained from the third received signal strength fluctuation detection is compared with a preset fluctuation threshold to accurately determine the channel stability characteristics. When the fluctuation range is small, the selected high-speed communication protocol can fully utilize the stable channel to improve transmission efficiency. When the fluctuation range is large, the selected reliable communication protocol ensures data integrity by adding error correction and retransmission mechanisms. The matching of standardized protocol parameters provided by the communication protocol configuration table with real-time channel fluctuation characteristics enables intelligent protocol selection. This protocol adaptive mechanism based on channel stability allows the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to select the most suitable communication protocol under different channel conditions, ensuring both data transmission reliability and maximizing communication efficiency.

[0020] In a second aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising: one or more processors and a memory; the memory being coupled to the one or more processors, the memory being used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and the one or more processors invoking the computer instructions to cause the electronic device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0021] Thirdly, the present invention provides a computer program product containing instructions that, when the computer program product is run on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0022] Fourthly, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method described in the first aspect and any possible implementation thereof.

[0023] One or more technical solutions provided by this invention have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0024] 1. The wireless communication method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker provided by this invention involves a channel parameter reconfiguration command triggering the wireless communication module to perform a working parameter reconfiguration operation. This causes the wireless communication module to switch from the transformer area communication mode to the inverter data acquisition mode. This mode switching mechanism works in conjunction with the wireless connection request of the photovoltaic interface converter to ensure that after establishing a wireless connection link, the preset resource reuse mode can accurately schedule the inverter data acquisition mode to acquire the first inverter operating data of the photovoltaic inverter in the first time slot. The operation of storing the first inverter operating data in the local buffer and the switching of the wireless communication module back to the transformer area communication mode are time-coordinated, so that when the transformer area terminal sends a data request command, the wireless communication module is already in the transformer area communication mode and can immediately extract the target inverter operating data from the local buffer and complete the transmission in the second time slot. This combination of dual-mode switching and time-division multiplexing mechanism can achieve seamless connection between photovoltaic inverter data acquisition and transformer area terminal data transmission, avoid communication conflicts, and improve the data processing efficiency and communication resource utilization of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker.

[0025] 2. The wireless communication method for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers provided by this invention utilizes the actual communication distance and building obstruction level obtained through communication path detection between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter. This provides environmental parameter benchmarks for subsequent signal quality testing, enabling the wireless communication module to perform targeted testing on different candidate communication frequency bands. The received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands, together with the parameter type identifier obtained from the channel parameter reconfiguration command parsing, form a dual decision basis for parameter reconfiguration. The parameter type identifier guides the selection of the reconfiguration type for operating parameters, while the received signal strength determines the setting of specific parameter values. Together, they ensure that the inverter data acquisition mode configured by the wireless communication module can adapt to the actual communication environment. This environment-aware adaptive configuration mechanism allows the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker to automatically optimize communication parameters in complex installation environments, thereby improving the communication reliability and data acquisition success rate with the photovoltaic interface converter.

[0026] 3. The wireless communication method for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers provided by this invention involves the wireless communication module scanning and acquiring instantaneous received signal strengths at different frequency points. After distance attenuation compensation based on the actual communication distance, a compensated signal strength is obtained. This compensated signal strength is then combined with building shading levels for shading loss correction, forming a multi-dimensional signal quality assessment system. The sorting of the corrected signal strengths generates a frequency point sorting list. This list, combined with a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold filtering mechanism, accurately identifies multiple candidate communication frequency bands that meet communication quality requirements. The corrected signal strengths corresponding to multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list serve as the received signal strengths of the candidate communication frequency bands, providing a quantitative basis for channel quality in subsequent parameter configuration. This step-by-step compensation and correction signal assessment method not only eliminates interference from distance and shading factors on signal strength measurement but also enables photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers to accurately assess actually available communication frequency bands, significantly improving the accuracy of selecting the optimal communication frequency band in complex environments. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an architecture for a wireless communication system of a residential photovoltaic inverter in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The terminology used in the following embodiments of the present invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the specification and appended claims of the present invention, the singular expressions “a,” “an,” “the,” “the,” “the,” and “this” are intended to include the plural expressions as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in the present invention refers to any or all possible combinations comprising one or more of the listed items.

[0032] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as implying or suggesting relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature, and in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0033] This invention provides a wireless communication method for photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breakers, see reference. Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a wireless communication method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

[0034] Step S101: Upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration instruction, the channel parameter reconfiguration instruction triggers a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of the built-in wireless communication module to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module.

[0035] Step S102: Send a wireless connection request to the photovoltaic interface converter to request the establishment of a wireless connection link with the photovoltaic interface converter through the wireless communication module;

[0036] Step S103: When the wireless communication module and the photovoltaic interface converter have established a wireless connection link, the inverter data acquisition mode is scheduled to collect the first inverter operation data of the photovoltaic inverter in the first time slot using the preset resource reuse method. After storing the first inverter operation data in the local buffer, the wireless communication module returns to the substation communication mode, and the photovoltaic inverter and the photovoltaic interface converter are connected through the preset communication cable.

[0037] Step S104: When a data request instruction sent by the distribution area terminal is received through the wireless communication module, the target inverter operation data is extracted from the local buffer according to the data request instruction, and the target inverter operation data is sent to the distribution area terminal in the second time slot using the distribution area communication mode.

[0038] Among them, the channel parameter reconfiguration command refers to the control command sent by the management platform or local control unit of the photovoltaic grid-connected system to adjust the wireless communication parameters, such as data packets containing information including but not limited to parameter type, target value range, priority, etc.; the wireless communication module refers to the dual-mode radio frequency communication module integrated inside the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, such as a communication chip that supports both HPLC (power line carrier communication interface) and HRF (wireless radio frequency antenna, i.e., the aforementioned wireless communication module) modes; the operating parameters represent the set of configuration parameters that determine the operating characteristics of the wireless communication module, such as operating frequency, modulation method, transmit power, receive sensitivity, etc.; the inverter data acquisition mode refers to a dedicated operating mode of the wireless communication module, used to establish a connection with the photovoltaic interface converter and acquire the operating data of the photovoltaic inverter; the photovoltaic interface converter refers to the protocol conversion device connected between the photovoltaic inverter and the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, such as RS A 485-to-wireless interface adapter; a wireless connection link refers to the wireless communication channel established between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter; a preset resource multiplexing mode represents a predefined communication resource allocation strategy, such as time division multiplexing, frequency division multiplexing, or code division multiplexing; the first time slot refers to the time window allocated to the inverter for data acquisition, such as the first 100 milliseconds of each communication cycle; the first inverter operating data represents the real-time operating parameters collected from the photovoltaic inverter, such as DC input voltage, AC output power, operating temperature, fault status, etc.; the local buffer refers to the storage space inside the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker used for temporary data storage, for example, a capacity of 2MB. SRAM buffer, etc.; the area communication mode refers to the working mode of data interaction between the wireless communication module and the area terminal; the area terminal refers to the data acquisition and monitoring terminal of the distribution area, such as a concentrator or a fusion terminal; the data request command refers to the command sent by the area terminal to request the acquisition of photovoltaic inverter data; the target inverter operating data refers to the inverter data of a specific time period or a specific type selected according to the data request command; the second time slot refers to the time window allocated to the area communication, such as the last 100 milliseconds of each communication cycle; the preset communication cable refers to the wired connection between the photovoltaic inverter and the photovoltaic interface converter, such as an RS485 communication line or a CAN bus, etc.

[0039] This step is triggered when the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is in normal operation and communication performance needs optimization. Specifically, the main controller of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker continuously monitors communication quality indicators. When a communication anomaly is detected or a channel parameter reconfiguration command is received from the upper-level management system, the parameter adjustment function of the wireless communication module is activated, switching the original transformer area communication mode to the inverter data acquisition mode. This process includes, but is not limited to, modifying the operating frequency of the RF front-end, adjusting the modulation and demodulation parameters of the baseband processor, and updating the access control policy of the MAC layer (Media Access Control Layer). After the mode switch is completed, the wireless communication module sends a wireless connection request to the photovoltaic interface converter via broadcast or targeted transmission. The request message includes the device identifier, authentication information, and supported communication parameters. After receiving the wireless connection request, the photovoltaic interface converter performs authentication and parameter negotiation. Upon successful authentication, it returns a connection confirmation response, and the two parties complete a three-way handshake to establish a stable wireless connection link. After the link is established, the time-division multiplexing scheduler is activated. In the first time slot, the inverter data acquisition mode is activated, and a data acquisition command is sent to the photovoltaic interface converter via the wireless link. The photovoltaic interface converter reads real-time operating data from the photovoltaic inverter through a pre-set communication cable, including but not limited to DC-side voltage and current, AC-side power factor, MPPT (Maximum PowerPoint Tracking) operating point, alarm information, etc., and transmits it back to the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker via the wireless link. Upon receiving the data, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker performs CRC verification, data parsing, and format conversion, storing the processed first inverter operating data in a circular buffer queue in its local buffer according to timestamp order. After data storage is complete, the wireless communication module automatically switches back to the distribution area communication mode, preparing to respond to data requests from the distribution area terminal. When a data request instruction from the distribution area terminal is received in the second time slot, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker parses the request content, determines the type, time range, and priority of the required data, retrieves matching target inverter operating data from its local buffer, encapsulates it according to the distribution area communication protocol, and completes data transmission within the remaining time of the second time slot.

[0040] In some embodiments, channel parameter reconfiguration and dual-mode communication scheduling can be implemented in a variety of ways:

[0041] Optionally, a state machine-based mode switching approach is adopted. First, during system initialization, four operating states and their transition conditions are defined: Idle (IDLE) is the default state, where the wireless communication module is in low-power listening mode, only periodically checking for control commands; Configuration (CONFIG) is used to perform parameter update operations, including frequency setting, baud rate adjustment, and protocol stack reset; Acquisition (COLLECT) is specifically used to communicate with the photovoltaic interface converter and acquire inverter data; Transmission (TRANSMIT) is responsible for responding to data requests from the distribution station terminals. State transitions are triggered by events. Specifically, in the Idle state, the main controller polls the command register every 100ms. When the flag for the channel parameter reconfiguration instruction is detected, the state transition function StateMachine_Transit(IDLE,CONFIG) is executed. This function first saves the current state context, then loads the initialization parameters for the configuration state, including disabling RF transceiver, enabling parameter register write, and starting the configuration timer (with a 5-second timeout). In configuration mode, the predefined parameter update sequence is executed sequentially: read the parameter fields of the reconfiguration instruction → parse the parameter type and target value → write to the corresponding hardware register → verify the write result → update the software configuration table. For each completed parameter configuration, the configuration counter is decremented. When the counter reaches zero or the configuration timer times out, `StateMachine_Transit(CONFIG, COLLECT)` is executed to enter acquisition mode. After acquisition mode starts, a DMA channel (Direct Memory Access Channel) is first configured for data transfer, setting the source address to the wireless receive buffer, the target address to the inverter data parsing buffer, and the transmission length to 1024 bytes. Then, a data request frame is sent to the photovoltaic interface converter, waiting for the response data. After reception, the data is automatically stored via DMA. Finally, `StateMachine_Transit(COLLECT, TRANSMIT)` is executed. In transmission mode, the system listens for requests from the station terminals. Upon receiving a request, it queries the local cache and replies with data. After completion, it returns to the idle state, forming a complete state loop.

[0042] Optionally, an interrupt-driven real-time scheduling method is adopted, configuring multiple interrupt sources to achieve precise time slot control and task scheduling: First, a hardware timer Timer0 is configured to generate periodic interrupts, with an interrupt period of 200ms (one complete communication cycle). During timer initialization, the counter is set to the system clock frequency × 0.2, and automatic reload mode is enabled. The time slot allocation logic is implemented in the timer interrupt service routine (ISR): the first 100ms is the first time slot, and the last 100ms is the second time slot. The current time slot is determined by reading the current count value of the timer. At the beginning of the first time slot, the task flag Task_Flag_Collect = 1 is set to trigger the inverter data acquisition task. The external interrupt EXTI0 is configured to connect to the data ready pin of the wireless communication module. When a data request is received from the station terminal, the interrupt is triggered. The interrupt service routine sets Task_Flag_Respond = 1 and records the request arrival timestamp. The task scheduler is implemented in the main loop, processing task flags according to priority: the highest priority is for emergency alarms (priority 0), followed by data acquisition tasks (priority 1), and finally regular data transmission (priority 2). The DMA controller is configured in dual-buffered mode. DMA channel 1 is used for receiving data, with the source address set to the wireless module's receive FIFO register (address 0x40005000) and the destination address set to receive buffer A (address 0x20001000). After transmission, it automatically switches to buffer B (address 0x20002000), implementing ping-pong buffering. DMA channel 2 is used for sending data, configured in memory-to-peripheral mode. Each transmission is triggered by setting the DMA_EN bit in software. Upon completion of the transmission, an interrupt is generated to notify the CPU to proceed to the next step. Interrupt priority is configured using a nested vector interrupt controller (NVIC), setting the DMA interrupt priority to 1 (second highest), the timer interrupt priority to 2, and the external interrupt priority to 3 to ensure real-time data transmission.

[0043] Through the above steps, the channel parameter reconfiguration command triggers the wireless communication module to perform a working parameter reconfiguration operation, switching the wireless communication module from the transformer area communication mode to the inverter data acquisition mode. This mode switching mechanism works in conjunction with the wireless connection request of the photovoltaic interface converter to ensure that after the wireless connection link is established, the preset resource reuse mode can accurately schedule the inverter data acquisition mode to collect the first inverter operating data of the photovoltaic inverter in the first time slot. The operation of storing the first inverter operating data in the local buffer and the switching of the wireless communication module back to the transformer area communication mode are time-coordinated, so that when the transformer area terminal sends a data request command, the wireless communication module is already in the transformer area communication mode and can immediately retrieve the target inverter operating data from the local buffer and complete the transmission in the second time slot. This combination of dual-mode switching and time-division multiplexing mechanism can achieve seamless connection between photovoltaic inverter data acquisition and transformer area terminal data transmission, avoid communication conflicts, and improve the data processing efficiency and communication resource utilization of the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker. This solves the technical problem of poor flexibility in establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios, and achieves the technical effect of improving the flexibility of establishing communication links between indoor photovoltaic inverters and outdoor power grid terminals in existing building scenarios.

[0044] The entity performing the above steps can be a system or a device, such as a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, or a controller or processor in the device or system, or a standalone controller or processor, or other processing devices or processing units with similar processing functions, but is not limited to these.

[0045] In an optional embodiment, upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration command, the command triggers a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of the built-in wireless communication module to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. Specifically, this includes: performing communication path detection on the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter to obtain the actual communication path characteristics between them, including the actual communication distance and building obstruction level; performing signal quality testing on the wireless communication module based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands; parsing the channel parameter reconfiguration command to obtain the parameter type identifier bit of the operating parameters; and reconfiguring the operating parameters based on the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier bit to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module.

[0046] Among them, communication path detection refers to the process of detecting and analyzing the physical transmission path between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter, for example, by sending detection signals and analyzing echo characteristics; actual communication path characteristics represent the set of environmental factors affecting wireless signal propagation; actual communication distance is used to represent the straight-line distance or signal propagation path length between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter, for example, a range of 10 meters to 500 meters; building obstruction degree refers to the degree to which obstacles such as buildings and walls on the signal propagation path block the signal, for example, using a level of 0-10 to represent from no obstruction to complete obstruction; signal quality testing represents the process of evaluating the receiving performance of the wireless communication module in different frequency bands; candidate communication frequency bands refer to the frequency range that may be used to establish communication links, for example, the ISM band (Industrial, Scientific and Medical Band) such as 433MHz, 470-510MHz, and 2.4GHz; received signal strength represents the power level of the radio frequency signal received by the wireless communication module, for example, RS in dBm. SI value; Parameter type flag bit refers to the flag bit used in the channel parameter reconfiguration instruction to indicate which parameters need to be adjusted. For example, an 8-bit binary number can be used to represent the enable status of parameters such as frequency, baud rate, and power.

[0047] This step is triggered when the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker is installed for the first time or when the communication environment changes and communication parameters need to be reconfigured. Specifically, the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker first starts the communication path detection program, sending a series of probe signals of different power levels through the wireless communication module. After receiving the probe signals, the photovoltaic interface converter immediately returns an acknowledgment signal. The photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker calculates the actual communication distance based on the transmitted power, received power, and signal round-trip time. For example, the distance d is calculated using the free space path loss formula FSPL = 20log(d) + 20log(f) + 32.44. Simultaneously, by analyzing the multipath effect, delay spread, and frequency selective fading characteristics of the received signal, the degree of building shading is assessed. For example, when a significant multipath component is detected and the main path power attenuation exceeds 15dB, it is determined to be moderate shading (i.e., level 5). After obtaining the communication path characteristics, the signal quality testing phase begins. The wireless communication module sequentially switches to multiple predefined candidate communication frequency bands, sending test sequences and measuring the received signal strength within each band. Interference variations over different time periods are considered during the test. Each frequency band is tested at least 10 times, and the average value is taken. For example, the average RSSI measured is -65dBm in the 433MHz band, -70dBm in the 470MHz band, and -75dBm in the 2.4GHz band. Next, the channel parameter reconfiguration command is deeply analyzed, extracting the parameter type flag bits from the command header. For example, flag 0x07 indicates that the frequency point parameter (bit0), baud rate parameter (bit1), and communication protocol parameter (bit2) need to be adjusted simultaneously. Finally, taking into account the test results of the received signal strength and the indication of the parameter type flag, a parameter reconfiguration operation is performed. For example, when the 433MHz band signal is the strongest and the flag indicates that the frequency needs to be adjusted, the operating frequency is configured to 433.92MHz. At the same time, a baud rate of 19.2kbps is selected based on the signal strength of -65dBm, and the FSK modulation mode and forward error correction coding are configured to complete the comprehensive configuration of the inverter data acquisition mode.

[0048] In some embodiments, communication path detection and parameter optimization configuration can be implemented in a variety of ways:

[0049] Optionally, a machine learning-based path feature recognition method is adopted. First, during the training phase before system deployment, a large amount of signal feature sample data is collected to construct a training dataset containing 5000 records. Each record contains a 12-dimensional feature vector and a corresponding path feature label. The feature vector extraction process is as follows: Ten probe signals at different power levels (-10dBm to +20dBm, in 3dB steps) are sent, and the received signal strength at each power level is recorded, forming 10 sampling points for the power-intensity curve; the delay spread of the received signal is calculated, and multipath components are identified through correlation operations, recording the relative delay and power of the three strongest multipaths; frequency-selective fading is measured, scanning in 10kHz steps within a ±100kHz range, recording the channel gain at 21 frequency points. These raw measurements are normalized and mapped to the [0,1] interval to form a 12-dimensional feature vector. The label includes two outputs: communication distance is divided into 5 levels (0-50m, 50-100m, 100-200m, 200-500m, >500m), and occlusion level is divided into 4 levels (no occlusion, mild, moderate, severe). A Support Vector Machine (SVM) is used to train the classification model, with a Radial Basis Function (RBF) as the kernel function. The kernel parameter γ = 0.1, and the penalty coefficient C = 10. Parameters are optimized through 5-fold cross-validation, and the final model achieves a classification accuracy of 92% on the test set. After model training, the support vectors and decision function coefficients are quantized into fixed-point numbers, generating a model file of approximately 50KB stored in Flash (non-volatile memory). During actual detection, the same feature extraction process is executed, taking approximately 500ms. Then, the SVM prediction function is called to calculate the kernel function values ​​from the feature vectors to each support vector. The classification result is obtained through the decision function. The entire inference process takes less than 50ms, achieving fast and accurate path feature recognition.

[0050] Optionally, an adaptive spectrum sensing approach is adopted, configuring a dedicated spectrum monitoring module, including a wideband RF front-end and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processor. The monitoring process is as follows: The RF front-end is configured in scanning mode with a bandwidth of 20MHz, covering the 430-450MHz range. The receiver sensitivity is adjusted through a programmable gain amplifier (PGA) to ensure a noise floor detection capability of -100dBm. The analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples the intermediate frequency signal at a sampling rate of 40MSPS, acquiring 4096 sampling points each time. The FFT processor performs frequency domain transformation to obtain the power spectral density of 2048 frequency points. The power spectrum is smoothed, and a 5-point moving average is used to eliminate the influence of random noise. Then, an energy detection algorithm is executed: the detection threshold is set to the noise floor +6dB, and frequency points exceeding the threshold are marked as occupied. Consecutive occupied frequency points are merged into an occupied frequency band. The system maintains a spectrum occupancy database, updated using a sliding window method: retaining the 10 scan results within the most recent 60 seconds, the occupancy probability of each frequency point is calculated, and the occupancy probability = the number of times it is marked as occupied / the total number of scans. A spectrum occupancy map is generated based on the occupancy probability. Bands with an occupancy probability <10% are marked as idle, 10%-50% as lightly occupied, and >50% as heavily occupied. When selecting communication frequency bands, idle bands are prioritized, followed by lightly occupied bands with uneven occupancy time distribution (which can utilize idle time slots), while heavily occupied bands are avoided. The spectrum database is aged and updated every 5 minutes, deleting historical data older than 60 seconds to ensure the real-time nature of spectrum information. Through this dynamic spectrum sensing mechanism, the system can automatically avoid interference sources and select the cleanest frequency bands for communication.

[0051] In an optional embodiment, the wireless communication module is subjected to signal quality testing based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands. Specifically, this includes: scanning the wireless communication module at different frequency points to obtain the instantaneous received signal strength at each frequency point; performing distance attenuation compensation on the instantaneous received signal strength based on the actual communication distance to obtain the compensated signal strength at each frequency point; correcting the compensation signal strength for occlusion loss based on the degree of building obstruction to obtain the corrected signal strength at each frequency point; sorting the different frequency points in descending order of corrected signal strength to obtain a frequency point sorting list; selecting the frequency bands containing multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list that meet a preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold as multiple candidate communication frequency bands; and selecting the multiple corrected signal strengths corresponding to the multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list as the received signal strengths of the multiple candidate communication frequency bands.

[0052] Among them, frequency points refer to the specific frequency values ​​at which the wireless communication module operates, such as 433.05MHz, 433.92MHz, 434.79MHz, etc.; instantaneous received signal strength represents the signal power value measured at a specific moment, such as an RSSI of -68dBm at a certain moment; distance attenuation compensation refers to the correction calculation of signal strength based on propagation distance, used to eliminate the influence of distance factors; compensated signal strength represents the standardized signal strength value after distance compensation; obstruction loss correction is used to represent the signal strength adjustment based on the additional attenuation caused by building obstruction; corrected signal strength refers to the final signal strength evaluation value after considering both distance and obstruction factors; frequency point sorting list represents the sequence of frequency points arranged according to signal quality; preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold refers to the minimum signal-to-noise ratio requirement for judging whether the communication quality is acceptable, such as 10dB, etc.

[0053] This step is triggered when precise evaluation of communication quality across various frequency bands is needed to select the optimal operating frequency. Specifically, the wireless communication module first enters spectrum scanning mode, starting from the initial frequency of the candidate frequency band and increasing in fixed steps (e.g., 200kHz). At each frequency point, receiver parameters are configured and signal strength data is collected. During the scan, the module pauses at each frequency point for 100ms, sampling 50 times consecutively, recording the maximum, minimum, and average instantaneous received signal strength. For example, the instantaneous RSSI average value measured at 433.92MHz is -62dBm. After completing the full-band scan, distance attenuation compensation is performed based on the actual communication distance obtained in the aforementioned embodiment, using a modified Friis transmission formula: Compensated signal strength = Instantaneous signal strength + 20 × log10(Actual distance / Reference distance), where the reference distance is assumed to be 1 meter. For example, when the actual distance is 100 meters, a compensation of 40dB is required, compensating the -62dBm instantaneous strength to a normalized strength of -22dBm. Next, further adjustments are made based on the degree of building obstruction. Different obstruction levels correspond to different loss values: light obstruction (levels 1-3) results in an additional 5-10 dB attenuation, moderate obstruction (levels 4-6) in 15-25 dB attenuation, and severe obstruction (levels 7-9) in 30-50 dB attenuation. For example, in a moderate obstruction (level 5) environment, an additional 20 dB needs to be subtracted, correcting -22 dBm to -42 dBm. After completing the correction calculations for all frequency points, they are sorted from highest to lowest corrected signal strength to generate a frequency point sorting list, for example, 434.79 MHz (-38 dBm) > 433.92 MHz (-42 dBm) > 433.05 MHz (-45 dBm). Then, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each frequency point is calculated: SNR = corrected signal strength - noise floor, where the noise floor is obtained by measurement during periods without signal, with a typical value of -95 dBm. Frequency bands containing frequencies with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than a preset SNR threshold (e.g., 10 dB) are marked as candidate communication frequency bands. For example, a frequency with a corrected signal strength of -42 dBm has an SNR of 53 dB, which meets the requirements. Finally, these candidate frequency bands and their corresponding corrected signal strength values ​​are used as input data for subsequent parameter configuration.

[0054] In some embodiments, accurate signal quality assessment and frequency band selection can be achieved in a variety of ways:

[0055] Optionally, a multi-dimensional signal quality assessment method can be adopted to construct a comprehensive assessment system encompassing four dimensions: signal strength, bit error rate (BER), phase noise, and frequency offset. The specific implementation of the assessment process is as follows: First, signal strength is measured by continuously sampling 200 times at each frequency point, with a 5ms interval between each sampling. The average RSSI is calculated after removing the largest and smallest 10% outliers. Second, the BER is tested by sending 1000 known test sequences (128 bytes each). The receiver performs bit-level comparisons, counts the number of erroneous bits, and calculates BER = number of erroneous bits / (1000 × 128 × 8). Third, phase noise is assessed by measuring carrier phase jitter through the phase detector output of a phase-locked loop (PLL). Phase noise density is measured at 1kHz and 10kHz offset frequencies, requiring <-80dBc / Hz at 1kHz and <-90dBc / Hz at 10kHz. Fourth, frequency offset is detected by sending a single-tone signal. The receiver uses FFT to find the peak frequency and calculates the deviation from the nominal frequency, requiring a frequency offset <±2ppm. The four indicators are normalized and then weighted for calculation: Overall Quality Score = 0.4 × (RSSI + 100) / 40 + 0.3 × (1 - BER × 10000) + 0.2 × (1 - Phase Noise / Target Value) + 0.1 × (1 - Frequency Offset / Tolerance), with a score range of 0-100. After evaluating all candidate frequency bands, the frequency band with the highest overall score is selected. When the highest score is < 60, an alarm is triggered and manual intervention is requested.

[0056] Optionally, time series analysis is used for signal quality prediction. A circular buffer is maintained to store historical signal strength data, with a buffer size of 1440 sampling points (1 point per minute over 24 hours). The prediction algorithm is implemented as follows: First, the historical data is decomposed into trends using the STL (Season on a Land Trend Decomposition using Loess) algorithm to decompose the signal strength sequence into trend, seasonal, and random components. The trend component reflects long-term changes and is fitted using Locally Weighted Regression (LOESS) with a window size of 145 points (approximately 2.4 hours). The seasonal component reflects periodic changes with a period of 1440 minutes (24 hours), extracted using a moving average. The random component is the original sequence minus the trend and seasonal components. Linear extrapolation is used to predict the trend for the next 6 hours for the trend component, historical data from the same period is used directly for the seasonal component, and the random component is assumed to have zero mean. The predicted value = trend prediction + seasonal component + safety margin (-5dB). Short-term predictions are optimized using an exponential smoothing algorithm with a smoothing coefficient α = 0.3. The prediction formula is: S(t) = α × X(t) + (1-α) × S(t-1), where X(t) is the current observation value and S(t) is the smoothed value. The prediction model is updated every 5 minutes. When the prediction indicates that the signal quality will drop below the threshold within the next hour, the frequency band switching process is initiated in advance. This prediction mechanism transforms passive response into active adaptation, reducing the probability of communication interruption.

[0057] In an optional embodiment, the operating parameters are reconfigured according to the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. Specifically, this includes: determining the frequency point parameter, baud rate parameter, and communication protocol parameter from the operating parameters according to the parameter type identifier; obtaining a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database, and reconfiguring at least one parameter among the frequency point parameter, baud rate parameter, and communication protocol parameter according to the reconfiguration priority list to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. The reconfiguration priority list includes a first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the highest priority frequency point parameter, a second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the medium priority baud rate parameter, and a third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition with the lowest priority communication protocol parameter.

[0058] Among them, frequency parameters represent the operating frequency configuration of the wireless communication module, including but not limited to center frequency, channel bandwidth, frequency offset, etc.; baud rate parameters refer to the symbol rate configuration of data transmission, such as 9.6kbps, 19.2kbps, 115.2kbps, etc.; communication protocol parameters are used to represent the protocol configuration of the data link layer and network layer, including frame format, error correction coding, retransmission mechanism, etc.; preset configuration database represents a structured data storage system that stores various communication parameter configuration schemes; reconfiguration priority list refers to the configuration rule table that defines the adjustment order and triggering conditions of each parameter; the first parameter reconfiguration triggering condition represents the judgment rule for triggering frequency parameter adjustment; the second parameter reconfiguration triggering condition refers to the set of conditions for initiating baud rate parameter optimization; the third parameter reconfiguration triggering condition is used to represent the triggering logic for communication protocol parameter update.

[0059] This step is triggered when tiered parameter optimization based on the importance and impact of different parameters is required. Specifically, the parameter type identifier is first parsed, and the configuration requirements of each parameter are extracted through bitwise operations. For example, the binary representation of identifier 0x07 is 00000111, where bit 0 = 1 indicates that frequency parameters need to be configured, bit 1 = 1 indicates that baud rate parameters need to be configured, and bit 2 = 1 indicates that communication protocol parameters need to be configured. After identifying the parameter types that need to be configured, the preset configuration database is accessed. This database uses a hierarchical index structure, with the top level being the parameter category index, the second level being the priority index, and the third level being the specific configuration values. The reconfiguration priority list is read from the database. This list defines a strict parameter adjustment order: frequency parameters have the highest priority (priority value = 1) because the operating frequency directly determines whether a basic communication link can be established; baud rate parameters have medium priority (priority value = 2), affecting data transmission efficiency but not link connectivity; and communication protocol parameters have the lowest priority (priority value = 3), mainly affecting fine-tuning of transmission reliability and efficiency. Each priority level corresponds to a specific trigger condition. The first parameter reconfiguration trigger conditions include: frequent handover detection (more than 5 handovers within 30 minutes), severe signal quality degradation (RSSI drop exceeding 15dB), and sudden external interference (bit error rate suddenly increases to over 1%). The second parameter reconfiguration trigger conditions include: insufficient throughput (actual rate lower than 50% of theoretical value), abnormal packet loss rate (exceeding 0.5%), and excessive latency (average latency exceeding 100ms). The third parameter reconfiguration trigger conditions include: poor link stability (more than 3 interruptions within 1 hour), low protocol efficiency (effective data percentage less than 70%), and version compatibility issues. Each trigger condition is checked sequentially according to priority; when a condition is met, the corresponding parameter reconfiguration is executed. For example, first check the frequency parameters. If the current frequency is 433.92MHz but the signal quality degrades beyond a threshold, switch to 434.79MHz based on the frequency band evaluation results in step 3. After the frequency stabilizes, check the baud rate. If the current packet loss rate of 19.2kbps reaches 0.8%, reduce it to 9.6kbps. Finally, check the protocol parameters. If link interruptions are frequent, switch from a simple stop-and-wait protocol to a sliding window protocol with selective repeat. This layered and progressive configuration strategy ensures that key parameters are optimized first, avoiding system oscillations caused by adjusting multiple parameters simultaneously.

[0060] In some embodiments, intelligent multi-parameter collaborative configuration can be achieved in a variety of ways:

[0061] Optionally, a dynamic configuration approach based on a rule engine can be adopted to implement a lightweight rule engine, comprising three core components: a rule parser, an inference engine, and an executor. Rule definitions are stored in the IF-THEN format in a rule base, which uses a decision table structure and contains 100 predefined rules. The parameter dependency graph is represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG), where nodes represent parameters, edges represent dependencies, and edge weights represent the strength of influence (0-1.0). For example, a frequency parameter node has three outgoing edges: pointing to baud rate (weight 0.8), pointing to transmit power (weight 0.6), and pointing to frame length (weight 0.4). Rule engine execution flow: When the frequency switches from 433MHz to 2.4GHz, a breadth-first search is first performed in the dependency graph to find all affected parameter nodes; then, the rule base is queried to match rules with the condition "frequency = 2.4GHz", finding rule R1: "IF frequency = 2.4GHz THEN baud rate >= 250kbps AND modulation method = GF SKAND frequency hopping enable = TRUE"; the inference engine verifies the preconditions of the rule, and after confirming that they are met, the action part is executed, adjusting the baud rate to 250kbps, changing the modulation method to GFSK, and enabling frequency hopping; the executor writes these parameter changes to the hardware register and triggers the parameter verification process. Rule conflict resolution adopts a priority mechanism, with each rule having a priority attribute (1-10). Higher priority rules are executed first, and rules of the same priority are sorted according to the principle of specificity (the more specific the condition, the higher the priority).

[0062] Optionally, a parameter optimization strategy based on a genetic algorithm is adopted to implement an embedded genetic algorithm optimizer. The population size is set to 50, and the chromosome encoding uses binary encoding with a total length of 48 bits. The encoding scheme is as follows: frequency parameter 8 bits (256 frequency points to choose from), baud rate 6 bits (64 rates), transmit power 5 bits (32 power levels), modulation scheme 3 bits (8 modulation schemes), error correction code rate 3 bits (8 coding rates), frame length 8 bits (256 lengths), and other parameters totaling 15 bits. The fitness function is defined as: F = w1 × throughput / theoretical maximum value + w2 × (1 - bit error rate) + w3 × (1 - power consumption / maximum power consumption) + w4 × link stabilization time / observation time, where w1 = 0.4, w2 = 0.3, w3 = 0.1, and w4 = 0.2. Genetic operations are implemented as follows: Selection uses a roulette wheel method, where the probability of an individual being selected is proportional to its fitness; Crossover uses a two-point crossover method with a crossover probability of 0.8, randomly selecting two crossover points and exchanging genes in the middle; Mutation uses a bit flipping method with a mutation probability of 0.05, randomly selecting gene bits and inverting them. Optimization process: A hybrid strategy of partially random and partially empirical values ​​is used to initialize the population, ensuring diversity of initial solutions; during each generation, the fitness of all individuals is first calculated, requiring actual parameter configuration and a 10-second test to obtain performance metrics; then selection, crossover, and mutation are performed to generate a new generation; an elite retention strategy is employed, directly copying the 5 best individuals from the previous generation to the next generation; the termination condition is a continuous 10-generation improvement in optimal fitness of <1% or reaching the maximum generation count of 50; finally, the parameter configuration corresponding to the optimal individual is output. The entire optimization process takes approximately 15 minutes and is suitable for execution during system idle periods.

[0063] In an optional embodiment, a reconfiguration priority list is obtained from a preset configuration database, and the frequency point parameters are reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: obtaining a first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and performing the following triggering operations according to the first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the historical frequency point switching count of the wireless communication module; determining that the frequency point parameters need to be reconfigured when the historical frequency point switching count is greater than a preset switching threshold; obtaining the stable operating duration of the current frequency point of the wireless communication module; determining that the frequency point parameters do not need to be reconfigured when the stable operating duration is greater than a preset stable duration threshold and the historical frequency point switching count is less than a preset switching threshold; and determining that the frequency point parameters do not need to be reconfigured when the historical frequency point switching count is greater than a preset stable duration threshold. When frequency parameters need to be reconfigured, the following iterative selection operation is performed starting from the current candidate communication frequency band, which has the highest ranking among multiple candidate communication frequency bands: the first received signal strength corresponding to the current candidate communication frequency band is determined from the received signal strength; when the first received signal strength is determined to meet the preset communication quality threshold, the current candidate communication frequency band is determined as the target communication frequency band, and the iterative selection operation ends; when the first received signal strength is determined not to meet the preset communication quality threshold, the iterative selection operation is performed repeatedly until the target communication frequency band is determined or multiple candidate communication frequency bands are traversed, the operating frequency point of the target communication frequency band is obtained, and the operating frequency point is configured in the frequency control register of the wireless communication module.

[0064] Among them, the historical frequency switching count represents the cumulative number of times the wireless communication module changes its operating frequency within a specified time window; the preset switching threshold refers to the upper limit of the number of times to judge whether the frequency switching is too frequent, such as 5 times in 1 hour, 6 times in 1 hour, 12 times in 2 hours, etc.; the stable working duration is used to represent the length of time that the current frequency point can work continuously and normally; the preset stable duration threshold represents the minimum time requirement for judging the stable operation of the frequency point, such as 30 minutes, 50 minutes, 1 hour, etc.; the iterative selection operation refers to the cyclic process of evaluating candidate frequency bands one by one in priority order until a suitable frequency band is found; the preset communication quality threshold represents the standard for judging whether the signal quality meets the communication requirements, such as RSSI greater than -80dBm and signal-to-noise ratio greater than 15dB, etc.; the target communication frequency band represents the finally selected operating frequency band; the operating frequency point refers to the specific operating frequency value within the target frequency band; and the frequency control register represents the hardware register in the wireless communication module that stores the frequency configuration.

[0065] This step is triggered when a frequency-related communication problem is detected requiring frequency optimization. Specifically, firstly, the detailed rules for the first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition are extracted from the reconfiguration priority list, including the trigger threshold, judgment logic, and execution strategy. Then, the historical record buffer of the wireless communication module is accessed to count the frequency switching events in the past hour. Each switching record includes the switching time, source frequency, target frequency, and switching reason. For example, if the statistics show that there were 6 frequency switching events in the past hour, due to interference bursts (3 times), signal fading (2 times), and active optimization (1 time), the total number of 6 exceeds the preset switching threshold of 5, indicating that there is a problem with the current frequency selection strategy and reconfiguration is required. At the same time, the stability of the current frequency is checked. The timestamp of the last switch to the current frequency is extracted from the frequency switching log, and the time difference to date is calculated as the stable operating time. For example, if the current frequency is 433.92MHz and has been operating for 45 minutes, exceeding the preset stable operating time threshold of 30 minutes, it indicates that the frequency itself is stable. After comprehensive judgment, if there are frequent historical switching events but the current frequency is stable, the problem may be that the frequency selection algorithm is too sensitive, requiring adjustment of the switching strategy rather than immediate frequency switching. When a frequency reconfiguration is determined, the system initiates an iterative selection process, evaluating each frequency band from the frequency band ranking list generated in the aforementioned embodiments in descending order of signal strength. For the highest-ranked candidate frequency band (e.g., 434.79MHz, with a corrected signal strength of -38dBm), a complete channel quality assessment is performed: test data packets are sent and the bit error rate is calculated, end-to-end delay is measured, and channel capacity is calculated. If all indicators meet the preset communication quality thresholds (RSSI > -80dBm, BER < 10^-4, delay < 50ms), the frequency band is selected as the target communication frequency band, and its center frequency of 434.79MHz is extracted as the operating frequency. If the requirements are not met, the next candidate frequency band is evaluated until a suitable frequency band is found or all candidate frequency bands fail to meet the requirements. Finally, the selected operating frequency is written to the frequency control register, which is typically a 24-bit register. The high 16 bits store the integer frequency value, and the low 8 bits store the fractional part; for example, 0x1B2C9F represents 434.790MHz. After the write operation is completed, the wireless communication module automatically reinitializes the RF front end according to the new frequency point, including adjusting the local oscillator frequency, configuring the filter bandwidth, calibrating the power amplifier, etc., to complete the frequency point switching.

[0066] In some embodiments, intelligent frequency selection and smooth switching can be achieved in a variety of ways:

[0067] Optionally, a predictive frequency switching strategy is adopted to construct a channel quality predictor based on the ARIMA model. Model parameters are determined: The ARIMA(2,1,1) model is determined through autocorrelation function (ACF) and partial autocorrelation function (PACF) analysis, i.e., second-order autoregression, first-order differencing, and first-order moving average. Model training uses historical data from the last 7 days, with one sampling point per hour, for a total of 168 data points. Training process: First, the original RSSI sequence is tested for stationarity (ADF test). If it is non-stationary, differencing is performed. Then, the model parameters are estimated using the least squares method, obtaining autoregressive coefficients φ1 = 0.6, φ2 = 0.3, and moving average coefficient θ1 = -0.4. Model validation is performed by calculating the autocorrelation of the residuals to ensure that the residuals are white noise. Prediction execution: Prediction is run every 5 minutes, predicting signal quality changes 30 minutes in advance. When the predicted value is lower than the switching threshold of -85dBm, the pre-switching preparation process is initiated. Pre-switching preparations include: scanning candidate frequencies in advance and establishing a frequency quality ranking table; negotiating the switching timing with the photovoltaic interface converter and sending a frequency switching warning frame; preparing for parallel reception on two frequencies and establishing a backup link on the new frequency. During actual switching, a soft switching method is used: while maintaining communication on the original frequency, traffic is gradually migrated to the new frequency; a 10-second transition period is set, during which both frequencies operate simultaneously; after confirming the new frequency is stable, the resources of the original frequency are released. The switching decision also considers service status, performing the switching during idle data transmission intervals to avoid interrupting ongoing transmissions.

[0068] Optionally, a multi-frequency parallel detection method is adopted, configuring a dual-RF front-end architecture. The main RF front-end is used for normal communication, and the auxiliary RF front-end is used for background detection. The detection scheduling algorithm organizes the frequencies to be detected into a priority queue, with priorities determined based on historical performance and the last detection time. 10% of each communication cycle is allocated for detection, i.e., 20ms. The auxiliary RF rapidly switches frequencies within the detection time slot, staying at each frequency for 2ms, allowing for the detection of up to 10 frequencies. Detection content includes: signal strength measurement (sending detection requests and waiting for responses, measuring round-trip time); interference level assessment (measuring background noise and interference power during quiet periods); and channel occupancy statistics (monitoring for 100ms to calculate the channel busy / idle ratio). Detection results are stored in a frequency quality database. The data structure is a hash table, with the key being the frequency value and the value being a quality record structure containing fields such as RSSI, BER, delay, interference level, occupancy rate, and update timestamp. Database update strategy: A weighted average of new and historical values ​​is applied, with weighting coefficients decaying over time; data older than 24 hours has a weight of 0. Outlier filtering: if a new measurement deviates more than 20dB from the historical average, it is marked as an anomaly and a retest is triggered. During switching decisions, the latest quality assessment for each frequency point is retrieved directly from the database, and the frequency point with the highest overall score is selected, with a decision time of <1ms. Through a parallel probing mechanism, the system always monitors the real-time status of all candidate frequencies, achieving zero-latency optimal frequency switching.

[0069] In an optional embodiment, a reconfiguration priority list is obtained from a preset configuration database, and the baud rate parameter is reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: obtaining a second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and performing the following triggering operations according to the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the data transmission rate and data packet loss rate of the wireless communication module; determining that the baud rate parameter needs to be reconfigured when the data transmission rate is less than a preset rate threshold or the data packet loss rate is greater than a preset packet loss rate threshold; determining that the baud rate parameter does not need to be reconfigured when the data transmission rate is greater than a preset rate threshold and the data packet loss rate is less than a preset packet loss rate threshold; and determining the baud rate... When parameters need to be reconfigured, the second received signal strength is determined from the received signal strength; when the second received signal strength is greater than the first preset strength threshold, a high baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table in the preset configuration database, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the high baud rate configuration; or, when the second received signal strength is less than the first preset strength threshold but greater than the second preset strength threshold, a medium baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the medium baud rate configuration; or, when the second received signal strength is less than the second preset strength threshold, a low baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the low baud rate configuration.

[0070] Among them, data transmission rate represents the amount of data successfully transmitted per unit time, such as effective throughput measured in kbps or Mbps; data packet loss rate refers to the proportion of data packets lost during transmission to the total number of transmitted data packets; preset rate threshold is used to represent the minimum acceptable transmission rate requirement, such as 60% of the theoretical rate; preset packet loss rate threshold represents the maximum acceptable packet loss rate for communication quality, such as 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.5%; second received signal strength refers to the real-time signal strength measurement value of the current operating frequency band; first preset strength threshold represents the judgment standard for excellent signal quality, such as -60dBm; second preset strength threshold represents the minimum acceptable standard for signal quality, such as -85dBm; baud rate configuration table is a lookup table storing recommended baud rate settings under different signal conditions; high baud rate configuration represents high-speed transmission parameters suitable for high-quality channels, such as 115.2kbps; medium baud rate configuration represents transmission parameters that balance rate and reliability, such as 19.2kbps; low baud rate configuration represents low-speed transmission parameters that prioritize reliability, such as 4.8kbps.

[0071] When it is detected that the data transmission efficiency problem requires optimizing the baud rate parameter, this step is triggered. Specifically, first, the detailed parameters of the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition are read from the reconfiguration priority list, including the performance evaluation period (such as 5 minutes, etc.), the number of statistical samples (such as 1000 data packets, etc.), and the judgment threshold. Then, the performance monitoring module is started, and the data transmission situation is continuously statistically analyzed within the evaluation period: the number and bytes of successfully sent data packets are recorded, and the average transmission rate is calculated; at the same time, the number of data packets with sending failures, timeouts without confirmation, and checksum errors is recorded, and the packet loss rate is calculated. For example, if 1000 data packets with a total of 500KB of data are sent within 5 minutes and 950 are successfully received and confirmed, the effective transmission rate is 16.67 kbps (500KB×950 / 1000÷300 seconds), and the packet loss rate is 5%. The measurement result is compared with the preset threshold. Assuming that the theoretical rate of the current configuration is 19.2 kbps and the preset rate threshold is 60% of the theoretical value, that is, 11.52 kbps. Although the measured 16.67 kbps is higher than the threshold, the packet loss rate of 5% far exceeds the preset packet loss rate threshold of 0.5%. Therefore, it is determined that the baud rate needs to be reconfigured. After determining that reconfiguration is required, the system measures the current second received signal strength in real time. By continuously sampling 100 times and taking the average, a stable RSSI measurement value such as -68 dBm is obtained. Select a suitable baud rate configuration according to the interval where the signal strength is located: when RSSI > -60 dBm (the first preset strength threshold), the channel quality is excellent, and a high baud rate configuration such as 115.2 kbps is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and 8-PSK modulation, 1 / 2 coding rate, and short frame format are configured to pursue the highest transmission efficiency; when -85 dBm < RSSI < -60 dBm, the channel quality is medium, and a medium baud rate configuration such as 19.2 kbps is selected, and QPSK modulation, 2 / 3 coding rate, and standard frame format are configured to balance efficiency and reliability; when RSSI < -85 dBm (the second preset strength threshold), the channel quality is poor, and a low baud rate configuration such as 4.8 kbps is selected, and BPSK modulation, 1 / 3 coding rate, and short frame format with retransmission are configured to prioritize reliability. After selecting the new baud rate configuration, the relevant registers of the wireless communication module are updated, including the frequency division coefficient of the baud rate generator, the symbol mapping table of the modulator, the generating polynomial of the encoder, etc. After the update is completed, configuration verification is performed. A test sequence is sent and the actual transmission performance under the new configuration is confirmed. If the performance improvement is obvious, the new configuration is maintained; otherwise, it is rolled back to the original configuration and the failure reason is recorded.

[0072] In some embodiments, adaptive baud rate optimization can be achieved in various ways:

[0073] Optionally, a dynamic adjustment strategy based on link adaptation can be adopted to implement the complete link adaptation (LA) algorithm. Channel coherence time measurement: 100 pilot signals are continuously transmitted at 1ms intervals; the receiver calculates the correlation coefficient between adjacent pilot signals, and the time interval corresponding to when the correlation coefficient drops to 0.5 is the coherence time; based on the coherence time T... c Adjust the data packet length, packet length = min(T) c ×baud rate / 8, maximum packet length). Coherent bandwidth measurement: Transmit a swept frequency signal in 10kHz steps within a range of ±500kHz; measure the channel gain at each frequency point and calculate the frequency correlation function; coherent bandwidth B c Defined as the frequency range where the correlation coefficient is >0.5; according to B c Adjust the signal bandwidth and baud rate to ensure the signal bandwidth is <0.1×B. c To avoid frequency-selective fading, the pilot density is adaptive: when T... c When the fading time is less than 10ms (fast fading), the pilot interval is set to 5 symbols; when the fading time is less than 10ms... <T c When the fading time is <100ms (moderate fading), the pilot spacing is 10 symbols; when T c When the latency is >100ms (slow fading), the pilot interval is 20 symbols. Service type identification is achieved through Deep Packet Inspection (DPI): analyzing the length distribution, arrival interval, and burst characteristics of data packets; periodic small packets (<100 bytes, fixed interval) are identified as real-time monitoring data, and a low-latency mode is configured: long and short interleaving for small packets, and fast retransmission; large packet bursts (>1000 bytes, irregular) are identified as file transfers, and a high-throughput mode is configured: long and deep interleaving for large packets, and selective retransmission. Parameter adjustment is controlled by a state machine, defining three states: stable state, probe state, and adjustment state. In the stable state, the current configuration is maintained, and a performance evaluation is performed every 30 seconds; when the performance drops beyond a threshold, the probe state is entered, attempting to increase / decrease the baud rate by one level; based on the probe results, the adjustment state is entered, the new configuration is applied, and the performance is verified.

[0074] Optionally, a multi-level baud rate probing mechanism is adopted, with eight predefined baud rate levels: 2.4k, 4.8k, 9.6k, 19.2k, 38.4k, 57.6k, 115.2k, and 230.4kbps. The probing algorithm uses an improved hill-climbing method: record the current baud rate R_current and the corresponding performance metric P_current (defined as effective throughput × (1 - error rate)); probe upwards, temporarily switch to R_up = R_current × 2, test for 10 seconds, and obtain P_up; if P_up > P_current × 1.1 (improvement exceeding 10%), then R_current = R_up, and continue probing upwards; otherwise, probe downwards, R_down = R_current / 2, test for 10 seconds, and obtain P_down; if P_down > P_current, it indicates channel degradation, and the baud rate is reduced; if neither P_up nor P_down is better than P_current, maintain the current baud rate. Optimization and Improvement: A momentum factor is introduced; if three consecutive adjustments in the same direction show improvement, the next adjustment jumps two levels directly. A probe cooldown time is set, requiring a 60-second stabilization period after each adjustment before re-probing. Local optima are recorded; when consecutive probes show no improvement, the system reverts to the historical optimal configuration. Performance Testing Method: 1000 test packets are sent, and the number of successfully received packets and total transmission time are recorded. Effective throughput is calculated as: number of successful packets × packet length / total time. Simultaneously, CPU utilization is monitored to ensure that baud rate increases do not cause processing bottlenecks. Through this gradual probing, the system can quickly converge to the optimal baud rate under the current channel conditions.

[0075] In an optional embodiment, a reconfiguration priority list is obtained from a preset configuration database, and the communication protocol parameters are reconfigured according to the reconfiguration priority list. Specifically, this includes: obtaining a third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and performing the following triggering operations according to the third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition: obtaining the signal quality index and link interruption count of the wireless communication module; determining that the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured when the signal quality index is less than a preset quality threshold or the link interruption count is greater than a preset interruption threshold; determining that the communication protocol parameters do not need to be reconfigured when the signal quality index is greater than the preset quality threshold and the link interruption count is less than the preset interruption threshold; determining a third received signal strength from the received signal strength when the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured; performing fluctuation detection on the third received signal strength to determine the fluctuation range of the third received signal strength; selecting a high-speed communication protocol from the communication protocol configuration table in the preset configuration database when the fluctuation range is less than a preset fluctuation threshold, and updating the communication protocol parameters using the high-speed communication protocol; or, selecting a reliable communication protocol from the communication protocol configuration table when the fluctuation range is greater than a preset fluctuation threshold, and updating the communication protocol parameters using the reliable communication protocol.

[0076] Among them, signal quality indicators refer to quantitative parameters that comprehensively evaluate the quality of communication links, including but not limited to a comprehensive score of multiple dimensions such as signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, and signal stability; the number of link interruptions represents the number of events in which the communication link is completely interrupted within the statistical period; the preset quality threshold is used to represent the minimum acceptable standard for signal quality, such as a comprehensive score of 70 points; the preset interruption threshold represents the standard for judging link stability, such as no more than 2 interruptions per hour; the third received signal strength refers to the signal strength measurement value used for protocol selection decisions; fluctuation detection represents the process of analyzing the change of signal strength over time; fluctuation range refers to the difference between the maximum and minimum values ​​of signal strength within the measurement period; the preset fluctuation threshold represents the standard for judging channel stability, such as 10dB; the communication protocol configuration table represents the parameter set storing different protocol schemes; high-speed communication protocol refers to the protocol configuration that optimizes transmission efficiency, such as using selective repeat ARQ, large window, and low redundancy configuration; reliable communication protocol refers to the protocol configuration that optimizes transmission reliability, such as using hybrid ARQ, small window, and high redundancy configuration.

[0077] This step is triggered when a performance issue at the protocol level is detected that requires optimization of the communication protocol. Specifically, the third parameter, the reconfiguration trigger condition, is extracted from the reconfiguration priority list, including the weight coefficients and statistical duration of each quality assessment item. The signal quality index is calculated using a multi-dimensional comprehensive scoring method: signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) accounts for 40% of the weight (out of 40), bit error rate (BER) accounts for 30% (out of 30), latency jitter accounts for 20% (out of 20), and packet loss rate accounts for 10% (out of 10). For example, a measured SNR of 25dB corresponds to 35 points, a BER of 0.01% corresponds to 25 points, latency jitter of 5ms corresponds to 15 points, and packet loss rate of 0.1% corresponds to 8 points, for a total score of 83 points. Simultaneously, link interruption events are statistically analyzed, extracting interruption events from the connection log within the most recent hour, including link interruptions caused by physical layer synchronization failures, timeouts, and consecutive CRC errors. For example, the statistics show 3 interruptions occurring within 1 hour. Comparing the signal quality index (SMI) of 83 points with the preset quality threshold of 70 points, although the quality is acceptable, the three link interruptions exceed the preset interruption threshold of two, indicating that the current protocol configuration is insufficient in handling sudden interference and requires reconfiguration. After confirming the need for reconfiguration, third-party received signal strength data was continuously collected at 10 samples per second for one minute, resulting in 600 RSSI samples. Statistical analysis was performed on these samples: the average value was calculated to be -70 dBm, the standard deviation to be 3.5 dB, the maximum value to be -64 dBm, and the minimum value to be -78 dBm. The fluctuation range (maximum value - minimum value) was 14 dB, exceeding the preset fluctuation threshold of 10 dB, indicating significant channel fluctuations. Based on the fluctuation detection results, select the appropriate protocol configuration: When the fluctuation range is <10dB, the channel is relatively stable, so choose a high-speed communication protocol, configure a retransmission ARQ mechanism (only retransmitting erroneous data packets), set the sliding window size to 8, the forward error correction code rate to 3 / 4, and the long frame format (1024 bytes) to reduce protocol overhead and improve transmission efficiency; when the fluctuation range is >10dB, the channel is unstable, so choose a reliable communication protocol, configure a hybrid ARQ mechanism (combining forward error correction and retransmission), set the sliding window size to 2, the forward error correction code rate to 1 / 2, the short frame format (128 bytes), increase the interleaving depth, and enable diversity reception to ensure reliable transmission through added redundancy and protection mechanisms. After updating the protocol parameters, reinitialize the protocol stack, including updating the ARQ state machine, adjusting the buffer size, and resetting the sequence number counter. Then, perform protocol switching verification by sending probe messages to confirm that the other end has also completed the protocol update, establish a new protocol handshake, and ensure that the protocol parameters of both parties are consistent. After the switch is completed, continuously monitor the communication performance. If the number of link interruptions is significantly reduced and the throughput meets the requirements, maintain the new protocol configuration; otherwise, further adjust the protocol parameters or revert to the stable configuration.

[0078] In some embodiments, intelligent selection and dynamic adaptation of communication protocols can be achieved in a variety of ways:

[0079] Optionally, a protocol switching strategy based on scene recognition is adopted to implement a traffic feature analysis engine and a scene classifier. The feature extraction module monitors the multidimensional features of the data stream: packet length statistics, calculating the average packet length, packet length variance, and packet length distribution histogram (divided into 8 intervals); packet interval analysis, calculating the average interval, interval variance, and interval autocorrelation function; traffic pattern recognition, statistically analyzing burst duration, burst interval, average rate, and peak rate ratio. The scene classifier is based on a decision tree algorithm: the root node determines the average packet length; <100 bytes enters the small packet branch, >500 bytes enters the large packet branch; the small packet branch continues to determine the packet interval variance; variance <10ms is determined as periodic data collection, variance >100ms is determined as a burst alarm; the large packet branch determines burst characteristics; continuous transmission is determined as file download, intermittent bursts are determined as batch data upload. Predefined protocol templates are provided for each scenario: For periodic data acquisition, fixed time slot allocation, minimizing handshake overhead, and disabling retransmission (relying on the next cycle update) are used; for sudden alarm scenarios, priority queues, fast access, acknowledgment retransmission, and short timeout (100ms) are used; for file transfer scenarios, sliding windows (window size 32), selective retransmission, long timeout (1 second), and compression are enabled. Protocol switching process: Scenario identification is performed every 30 seconds based on traffic characteristics of the last 30 seconds; when a scenario change is detected, a protocol switching notification frame is first sent to the peer; after waiting for peer confirmation, the protocol is synchronously switched to the new protocol configuration; a 5-second transition period is set, during which the old and new protocols are compatible. Dynamic template optimization: Protocol performance metrics are recorded for each scenario; performance data is analyzed periodically to identify the optimal parameter combination; protocol templates are updated, and the improvement effect is verified through A / B testing.

[0080] Optionally, a protocol parameter self-learning mechanism is adopted to construct a reinforcement learning-based protocol optimizer. State space definition: Channel states are represented by a 4-dimensional vector (RSSI level, bit error rate level, latency level, packet loss rate level), with each dimension divided into 5 levels, totaling 625 states; protocol configurations are represented by a 5-dimensional vector (ARQ type, window size, timeout, retransmission count, frame length), defining 128 configuration combinations. Action space represents the adjustment actions of protocol parameters, including 15 actions such as increasing / decreasing the window, extending / shortening the timeout, and increasing / decreasing retransmissions. Reward function design: R = α × normalized throughput + β × (1 - latency / latency cap) + γ × (1 - packet loss rate) - δ × parameter change cost, where α = 0.4, β = 0.3, γ = 0.2, and δ = 0.1. Q-learning algorithm implementation: The Q-table is initialized to 0, with a size of 625×15; an ε-greedy strategy is used to select actions, with an initial ε value of 0.3, decaying by 0.99 every 1000 steps; the learning rate α = 0.1, and the discount factor γ = 0.95; the Q-value update formula is: Q(s,a) = Q(s,a) + α × (r + γ × max(Q(s',a')) - Q(s,a)). Online learning process: After each communication cycle, the current performance is evaluated to obtain a reward value; the next action is selected based on the current state and the Q-table; the action is executed, and protocol parameters are adjusted; the new state is observed, and the Q-table is updated. Offline optimization: Offline training is performed at 2 AM every day, using historical data replay; an experience replay buffer with a capacity of 10,000 experience records is used; batch training updates the Q-table to accelerate convergence. Through continuous learning, the system gradually masters the optimal protocol configuration strategy under different channel conditions.

[0081] It should be noted that the embodiments described above are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0082] By modularizing hardware and reusing software channels, a wireless communication link is constructed between a photovoltaic grid-connected microcircuit breaker, a photovoltaic interface converter, and an inverter. While retaining the original HPLC carrier communication, the circuit breaker's HRF wireless channel is reused to achieve long-distance data interaction.

[0083] This invention provides a wireless communication system for a residential photovoltaic inverter, see below. Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an architecture for a wireless communication system of a residential photovoltaic inverter in an embodiment of the present invention. The core modules of this architecture include:

[0084] 1. The hardware module composition and functions are shown in Table 1 below:

[0085] Table 1

[0086]

[0087] 2. Software channel multiplexing logic:

[0088] 1) Dual-mode module initialization:

[0089] After the circuit breaker is powered on, the HPLC channel automatically scans the power line carrier network of the distribution area (with the highest default priority to ensure communication with the grid side); the HRF channel is configured in distribution area communication mode by default, and its operating parameters (frequency / baud rate / communication protocol) can be modified through software to switch it to inverter data acquisition dedicated mode (without affecting the operation of the HPLC channel).

[0090] 2) Data interaction process:

[0091] Inverter data upload: Inverter → Interface converter 485 interface 1 → Interface converter wireless module → HRF channel of photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker → photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker; MCU of photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker → HPLC channel / HRF channel (can be dual-path to the substation terminal, but in this embodiment only the HRF channel is used in any case).

[0092] Control command issued: Substation terminal → HPLC channel of photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker → MCU of photovoltaic grid-connected miniature circuit breaker → HRF channel → wireless module of photovoltaic interface converter → 485 interface 1 → inverter.

[0093] 4G data upload: Inverter → Interface converter 485 interface 1 → MCU of photovoltaic interface converter → 485 interface 2 of photovoltaic interface converter → 4G acquisition stick.

[0094] 3. Key Technology Implementation Details

[0095] 1) Hardware connection solution: Inverter and interface converter: Hard-wired 485 cable via aviation plug (distance ≤ 5 meters, solving the problem of short-distance wiring); Interface converter and circuit breaker: Wireless communication distance ≥ 300 meters (line of sight), using AES-128 encryption to prevent signal interference (meeting power system safety requirements).

[0096] 2) Communication protocol adaptation: 485 link: adopts the inverter standard Modbus RTU protocol (9600bps, 8 data bits, 1 stop bit); HRF wireless link: custom protocol format (frame header + device address + data field + CRC check), data transmission rate 10kbps; HPLC link: follows the carrier communication protocol of Q / GDW11373-2018 "Functional Specification for Electricity User Electricity Consumption Information Collection System".

[0097] 3) Dual-mode communication parallel mechanism:

[0098] The circuit breaker MCU can schedule the HPLC and HRF channels in a time-division multiplexing manner: HPLC channel: responds to reading commands on demand and uploads data of the distribution area (high priority, to ensure grid monitoring); HRF channel: collects inverter data every 1 second (low priority, to avoid bandwidth contention).

[0099] The electronic device in the embodiments of this invention is described below from the perspective of hardware processing. (See attached document.) Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the physical device structure of an electronic device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0100] It should be noted that, Figure 3 The structure of the electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0101] like Figure 3 As shown, the electronic device includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 301, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in Read-Only Memory (ROM) 302 or a program loaded from storage portion 308 into Random Access Memory (RAM) 303, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. The RAM 303 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The CPU 301, ROM 302, and RAM 303 are interconnected via a bus 304. An Input / Output (I / O) interface 305 is also connected to the bus 304.

[0102] The following components are connected to I / O interface 305: input section 306 including audio input devices, push-button switches, etc.; output section 307 including a liquid crystal display (LCD) and audio output devices, indicator lights, etc.; storage section 308 including a hard disk, etc.; and communication section 309 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. Communication section 309 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. Drive 310 is also connected to I / O interface 305 as needed. Removable media 311, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., are installed on drive 310 as needed so that computer programs read from them can be installed into storage section 308 as needed.

[0103] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing computer programs for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 309, and / or installed from removable medium 311. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit (CPU) 301, it performs the various functions defined in the present invention.

[0104] It should be noted that specific examples of computer-readable storage media may include, but are not limited to: electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0105] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, program segment, or portion of code, which contains one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those shown in the drawings.

[0106] Specifically, the electronic device in this embodiment includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores a computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, it implements the method for monitoring the outer diameter of the cylindrical adjustable mold provided in the above embodiment.

[0107] In another aspect, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium, which may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments; or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device. The storage medium carries one or more computer programs that, when executed by a processor of the electronic device, cause the electronic device to implement the wireless communication method for the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker provided in the above embodiments.

[0108] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0109] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. This program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, it can include the processes described in the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as ROM or random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

Claims

1. A wireless communication method for a photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker, characterized in that, include: Upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration command, the command triggers a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of the built-in wireless communication module to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. Send a wireless connection request to the photovoltaic interface converter to request the establishment of a wireless connection link with the photovoltaic interface converter through the wireless communication module; When the wireless communication module and the photovoltaic interface converter have established the wireless connection link, the inverter data acquisition mode is scheduled to collect the first inverter operation data of the photovoltaic inverter in the first time slot using a preset resource reuse method. After the first inverter operation data is stored in the local buffer, the wireless communication module returns to the substation communication mode, and the photovoltaic inverter and the photovoltaic interface converter are connected through a preset communication cable. When a data request instruction is received from a distribution terminal via the wireless communication module, the target inverter operating data is extracted from the local buffer according to the data request instruction, and the target inverter operating data is sent to the distribution terminal in the second time slot using the distribution area communication mode.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Upon receiving a channel parameter reconfiguration command, the command triggers a reconfiguration operation on the operating parameters of the built-in wireless communication module to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. Specifically, this includes: Communication path detection is performed on the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter to obtain the actual communication path characteristics between the photovoltaic grid-connected circuit breaker and the photovoltaic interface converter. The communication path characteristics include the actual communication distance and the degree of building shading. The wireless communication module is subjected to signal quality testing based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands; The channel parameter reconfiguration command is parsed to obtain the parameter type identifier bit of the working parameters; The operating parameters are reconfigured based on the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of performing signal quality testing on the wireless communication module based on the actual communication path characteristics to obtain the received signal strength of multiple candidate communication frequency bands specifically includes: The wireless communication module is scanned at different frequency points to obtain the instantaneous received signal strength at each frequency point; The instantaneous received signal strength is compensated for by distance attenuation based on the actual communication distance to obtain the compensated signal strength at each frequency point; Based on the degree of building obstruction, the compensation signal strength is corrected for obstruction loss to obtain the corrected signal strength at each frequency point; The different frequency points are sorted in descending order of the modified signal strength to obtain a frequency point sorting list; The frequency bands containing multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list that meet the preset signal-to-noise ratio threshold are taken as the multiple candidate communication frequency bands. The corrected signal strengths corresponding to the multiple frequency points in the frequency point sorting list are used as the received signal strengths of the multiple candidate communication frequency bands.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The step of reconfiguring the operating parameters based on the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module specifically includes: The step of reconfiguring the operating parameters based on the received signal strength and the parameter type identifier to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module specifically includes: The frequency parameter, baud rate parameter, and communication protocol parameter are determined from the operating parameters based on the parameter type identifier bit. The system retrieves a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database and reconfigures at least one parameter among the frequency point parameter, the baud rate parameter, and the communication protocol parameter according to the reconfiguration priority list to configure the inverter data acquisition mode for the wireless communication module. The reconfiguration priority list includes a first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition for the frequency point parameter with the highest priority, a second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition for the baud rate parameter with medium priority, and a third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition for the communication protocol parameter with the lowest priority.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Retrieve a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database, and reconfigure the frequency point parameters according to the reconfiguration priority list, specifically including: The first parameter reconfiguration trigger condition is obtained from the reconfiguration priority list, and the following triggering operation is performed according to the first parameter reconfiguration trigger bar: Obtain the historical frequency switching count of the wireless communication module; When the number of historical frequency switching counts exceeds a preset switching threshold, it is determined that the frequency parameters need to be reconfigured. Obtain the stable operating duration of the current frequency point of the wireless communication module; When the stable working duration is greater than a preset stable duration threshold and the number of historical frequency point switching is less than the preset switching threshold, it is determined that the frequency point parameters do not need to be reconfigured. When it is determined that the frequency point parameters need to be reconfigured, the following iterative selection operation is performed starting from the current candidate communication frequency band, which has the highest ranking among the multiple candidate communication frequency bands: Determine the first received signal strength corresponding to the current candidate communication frequency band from the received signal strength; When it is determined that the strength of the first received signal meets the preset communication quality threshold, the current candidate communication frequency band is determined as the target communication frequency band, and the iterative selection operation ends; If the strength of the first received signal does not meet the preset communication quality threshold, the iterative selection operation is executed repeatedly until the target communication frequency band is determined or all candidate communication frequency bands have been traversed. Obtain the operating frequency point of the target communication frequency band and configure the operating frequency point into the frequency control register of the wireless communication module.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Retrieve a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database, and reconfigure the baud rate parameter according to the reconfiguration priority list, specifically including: Obtain the second parameter reconfiguration trigger condition from the reconfiguration priority list, and perform the following triggering operation according to the second parameter reconfiguration trigger bar: Obtain the data transmission rate and packet loss rate of the wireless communication module; When the data transmission rate is less than a preset rate threshold or the data packet loss rate is greater than a preset packet loss threshold, it is determined that the baud rate parameter needs to be reconfigured. When the data transmission rate is greater than the preset rate threshold and the data packet loss rate is less than the preset packet loss threshold, it is determined that the baud rate parameter does not need to be reconfigured. When it is determined that the baud rate parameter needs to be reconfigured, a second received signal strength is determined from the received signal strength; When the second received signal strength is greater than the first preset strength threshold, a high baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table of the preset configuration database, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the high baud rate configuration; or, When the strength of the second received signal is less than the first preset strength threshold but greater than the second preset strength threshold, a medium baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the medium baud rate configuration; or, When the second received signal strength is less than the second preset strength threshold, a low baud rate configuration is selected from the baud rate configuration table, and the baud rate parameter is updated using the low baud rate configuration.

7. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Retrieve a reconfiguration priority list from a preset configuration database, and reconfigure the communication protocol parameters according to the reconfiguration priority list, specifically including: The third parameter reconfiguration trigger condition is obtained from the reconfiguration priority list, and the following triggering operation is performed according to the third parameter reconfiguration trigger bar: Obtain the signal quality indicators and link interruption count of the wireless communication module; When the signal quality index is less than a preset quality threshold or the number of link interruptions is greater than a preset interruption threshold, it is determined that the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured. When the signal quality index is greater than the preset quality threshold and the number of link interruptions is less than the preset interruption threshold, it is determined that the communication protocol parameters do not need to be reconfigured. When it is determined that the communication protocol parameters need to be reconfigured, a third received signal strength is determined from the received signal strength; Fluctuation detection is performed on the strength of the third received signal to determine the fluctuation range of the strength of the third received signal; When the fluctuation range is less than a preset fluctuation threshold, a high-speed communication protocol is selected from the communication protocol configuration table of the preset configuration database, and the communication protocol parameters are updated using the high-speed communication protocol; or, When the fluctuation range exceeds the preset fluctuation threshold, a reliable communication protocol is selected from the communication protocol configuration table, and the communication protocol parameters are updated using the reliable communication protocol.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is coupled to the one or more processors, the memory is used to store computer program code, the computer program code including computer instructions, and the one or more processors call the computer instructions to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. A computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on an electronic device, the electronic device causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on an electronic device, it causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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