Abnormity processing method and device for remote radio unit, and storage medium
By acquiring the cell configuration parameters of the radio frequency remote unit and the signal reception status of the fiber optic interface, the source of the abnormal signal was identified and processed, thus resolving the problem of power amplifier module damage caused by radio frequency remote unit abnormalities and improving the maintainability of base station equipment.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- ZTE CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Abnormal signals in the radio frequency remote unit can damage the power amplifier module, resulting in high resource consumption and poor maintainability of the base station equipment.
By acquiring the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the fiber optic interface to determine the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal power of the baseband processing unit and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit. Combined with the signal reception status of the fiber optic interface, the source of the abnormal signal is determined and targeted processing is carried out.
Accurately identify the source of abnormal signals to avoid damage to the power amplifier module caused by malfunctions in the radio frequency remote unit, thereby improving the maintainability of base station equipment.
Smart Images
Figure CN121968161A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to an anomaly handling method, device, and storage medium for a radio frequency remote unit. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the number of existing base stations is also increasing. The radio frequency remote unit of the base station equipment can convert the baseband optical signal of the baseband processing unit into a radio frequency signal, and then amplify the radio frequency signal through the power amplifier module before transmitting it.
[0003] Since the power amplifier module needs to convert low-power signals into high-power signals, abnormal signals in the radio frequency remote unit will damage the power amplifier module, resulting in high resource consumption and poor maintainability of the base station equipment. Therefore, a solution is needed to handle abnormalities in the radio frequency remote unit in order to improve the maintainability of the equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a solution for handling anomalies in a radio frequency remote unit to improve the maintainability of the device.
[0005] A first aspect provides an anomaly handling method for a radio frequency remote unit (RFR), applied to the RFR, the method comprising: responding to an anomaly detection command for the RFR, acquiring cell configuration parameter information of a baseband processing unit corresponding to the RFR, and sending a preset continuous pulse signal to an optical fiber interface; determining a first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, and determining a first anomaly detection result for the RFR based on the first power and the rated power of the RFR; determining a second anomaly detection result for the RFR based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal; and processing anomalies existing in the RFR based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result.
[0006] In a second aspect, an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit is provided. The device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing programs or instructions executable on the processor, the programs or instructions, when executed by the processor, implementing the steps of the anomaly handling method for the radio frequency remote unit as described in the first aspect.
[0007] Thirdly, a readable storage medium is provided, on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the exception handling method for the radio frequency remote unit as described in the first aspect.
[0008] The embodiments of this application adopt the following technical solutions: In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface. Based on the cell configuration parameter information, the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit is determined, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined. Based on the signal reception status of the preset continuous pulse signal at the optical fiber interface, the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined, and the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit is processed based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result.
[0009] The above-described technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this application can achieve the following beneficial effects: In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be accurately handled, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment. Attached Figure Description
[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of an anomaly handling method for a radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of a radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart of another abnormality handling method for a radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware architecture of another radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0011] This specification provides an embodiment of a method, device, and storage medium for handling anomalies in a radio frequency remote unit.
[0012] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this specification, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this specification, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of this specification.
[0013] The inventive concept of this application is as follows: With the rapid development of mobile communication technology, the number of existing network base stations is also increasing. The radio frequency remote unit of the base station equipment can convert the baseband optical signal from the baseband processing unit into a radio frequency signal, and then amplify the radio frequency signal through the power amplifier module before transmission. Since the power amplifier module needs to convert low-power signals into high-power signals, if there is an abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit, it will cause damage to the power amplifier module, resulting in high resource consumption and poor maintainability of the base station equipment. Therefore, a solution is needed to handle the abnormalities in the radio frequency remote unit to improve the maintainability of the equipment. Therefore, this specification provides a technical solution to solve the above problems. In this solution, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit can be obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal can be sent to the optical fiber interface. According to the cell configuration parameter information, the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit is determined. According to the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined. According to the signal reception of the preset continuous pulse signal by the optical fiber interface, the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined. According to the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result, the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit is processed. In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be handled accurately, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment. For details, please refer to the following content.
[0014] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this specification, an anomaly handling method for a radio frequency remote unit is provided. This method is applied to a radio frequency remote unit, and the executing entity can be a server. The server can be a standalone server or a server cluster consisting of multiple servers. Specifically, the method may include the following steps: In S102, in response to the anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface.
[0015] The cell configuration parameter information may include physical signal power configuration parameters, cell antenna number parameters, cell configuration power parameters, etc.
[0016] In implementation, in such Figure 2 In the hardware architecture shown, an inter-system detection module can be configured in the operation and maintenance system between the core network and the baseband processing unit, and a test signal (TS) control module and an optical port detection module can be configured in the link of the remote radio unit (RRU).
[0017] Taking the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) as an example, the inter-system detection module can call the cell configuration parameter information of the ORAN's Building Baseband Unit (BBU) through the ORAN standard interface (such as the S1 interface).
[0018] In S104, based on the cell configuration parameter information, the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit is determined, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined.
[0019] The rated power of the RRU can be the maximum allowable power of the RRU.
[0020] In practice, the server can determine the first power of the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signal of the baseband processing unit by summing up the cell configuration parameters.
[0021] For example, since Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals divide the channel into several orthogonal sub-channels, converting high-speed data signals into parallel low-speed sub-data streams, which are then modulated onto each sub-channel for transmission, orthogonal signals can be separated at the receiving end using correlation techniques. This reduces mutual interference between sub-channels. Therefore, the server can accumulate the information-carrying subcarrier signals to obtain the OFDM signal. In other words, the server can determine the first power of the OFDM signal in the baseband processing unit by summing multiple subcarrier signals.
[0022] In S106, based on the signal reception status of the fiber optic interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined.
[0023] In implementation, the TS control module can be located at the digital intermediate frequency position of the transmit link in the RRU. The inter-system detection module can control the RRU to send a preset continuous wave signal (CW) to the fiber optic interface through the TS control module. The optical port detection module can obtain the signal reception status of the fiber optic interface in response to the preset continuous wave signal.
[0024] In S108, the abnormality existing in the radio frequency remote unit is processed according to the first abnormality detection result and / or the second abnormality detection result.
[0025] In implementation, the server can determine whether the BBU is abnormal based on the first anomaly detection result. Additionally, the server can determine whether the fiber optic interface is abnormal based on the second anomaly detection result, thus identifying the source of the abnormal signal. In this way, once the source of the abnormal signal is determined, the anomalies in the RF remote unit can be addressed in a targeted manner.
[0026] For example, if the server determines that there is an anomaly in the BBU based on the first anomaly detection result, it can issue a preset alarm message through the inter-system detection module to prompt the preset management to check the cell configuration parameter information of the BBU and the connection status between the BBU and the RRU.
[0027] In addition, if the server determines that there is an anomaly in the fiber optic interface based on the second anomaly detection result, it can issue a preset alarm message through the inter-system detection module to prompt the preset management to check the connection between the fiber optic interface and the RRU.
[0028] In this way, by introducing an inter-system detection module into the operation and maintenance interface, and a TS control module and an optical control detection module into the RRU, the source of the abnormal signal in the RRU can be determined by the first abnormal detection result obtained from the BBU abnormal detection and the second abnormal detection result determined by the signal reception of the optical fiber interface when the RRU is abnormal. This allows for rapid processing of the abnormality in the RRU and improves the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0029] This specification provides an embodiment of an anomaly handling method for a radio frequency remote unit. In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the method acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface, determines the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determines the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the preset continuous pulse signal at the optical fiber interface, and processes the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result. In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be accurately handled, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0030] In practical applications, the specific processing methods for handling the anomalies existing in the RF remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result in step S108 above can be varied. The following provides one optional processing method, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific process may include the following steps S1082 to S1084.
[0031] In S1082, the link power of the transmit link in the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and the third anomaly detection result is determined based on the link power.
[0032] In S1084, the abnormality existing in the radio frequency remote unit is processed based on the first abnormality detection result, the second abnormality detection result, and the third abnormality detection result.
[0033] In implementation, such as Figure 4 As shown, a power detection module can be configured in the transmit link of the RRU. The link power of the transmit link in the radio frequency remote unit can be obtained through the power detection module, and the third anomaly detection result can be determined based on the link power. The third anomaly detection result can be used to determine whether the source of the abnormal signal in the RRU is the RRU itself.
[0034] In practical applications, link power can include the peak signal power determined based on the in-phase and quadrature components sampled at points in the transmission link, and correspondingly, such as... Figure 3As shown, the processing method of handling the abnormality of the radio frequency remote unit based on the first abnormality detection result in step S108 above may also include the following step S1086.
[0035] In S1086, if the signal peak power is determined to be greater than the preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the data stream in the transmission link is shut down.
[0036] In implementation, the server can determine the peak signal power based on the sum of the squares of the in-phase and quadrature components at the sampling points in the transmission link. Where P can be the peak power of the signal, I can be the in-phase component, and Q can be the quadrature component.
[0037] If the signal peak power is determined to be greater than the preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the anomaly protection flag is valid, and the server can shut down the data stream in the transmission link (e.g., the server can shut down the data stream sent to the digital-to-analog converter DAC in the transmission link).
[0038] If the signal peak power is determined to be no greater than the preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the anomaly protection flag is invalid and the transmission link works normally.
[0039] In addition, when the abnormal protection flag is valid, the server can record the power alarm type and duration in the RRU's flash memory (such as flash), and report the corresponding flag to the operation and maintenance system.
[0040] In practical applications, link power can include the forward link power and the backward link power of the transmit link, correspondingly, such as Figure 3 As shown, the processing method of handling the abnormality of the radio frequency remote unit based on the first abnormality detection result in step S108 above may also include the following step S1088.
[0041] In S1088, if it is determined from the first anomaly detection result that the forward link power and / or backward link power are greater than the preset second power threshold, the link gain of the transmit link is adjusted.
[0042] In implementation, the power detection module can perform forward analog power detection on the RRU's transmit link and obtain the forward link power. If the detected forward link power is greater than the preset second power threshold, it can report an alarm to the operation and maintenance system and adjust the link gain of the transmit link to achieve the purpose of power reduction and protection of the power amplifier module.
[0043] Furthermore, if overpower still occurs after reducing the power, an alarm message to shut down the power amplifier module can be sent to the operation and maintenance system to protect the power amplifier module by disabling it. The server can also record the power alarm type and duration in the RRU's flash memory and report the corresponding identifier to the operation and maintenance system.
[0044] Similarly, the power detection module can also perform reverse simulated power detection. That is, the power detection module can also perform backward simulated power detection on the RRU's transmit link and obtain the backward link power. If the forward link power is detected to be greater than a preset second power threshold, an alarm can be reported to the operation and maintenance system, and the link gain of the transmit link can be adjusted. The server can also record the power alarm type and duration in the RRU's flash memory and report the corresponding identifier to the operation and maintenance system.
[0045] In practical applications, the specific processing methods for handling the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the second anomaly detection result in step S108 above can be varied. The following provides one optional processing method, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific process may include the following steps S10810.
[0046] In S10810, if the fiber optic interface is determined to be abnormal based on the second anomaly detection result, the baseband data is turned off.
[0047] The signal reception status may include one or more of the following: optical signal reception status, optical frame reception status, optical frame structure reception status, and signal decoding status.
[0048] In practice, after the TS control module sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the fiber optic interface, the optical port detection module can detect the optical signal reception, optical frame reception, optical frame structure reception, and signal decoding status of the fiber optic interface.
[0049] The optical signal reception status can include whether there is a loss of optical signal (LOS) or no optical signal input at the fiber optic interface. If the above situations exist, it indicates that there is a problem with the link between the fiber optic interface and the RRU, and data cannot be transmitted reliably.
[0050] Optical frame reception status can include whether there is optical frame loss (LOF) at the fiber optic interface.
[0051] The optical frame structure reception status can include the frame structure status of the optical frame, that is, due to factors such as clock asynchrony, frames in the transmission path may be incorrectly processed or lost, such as discontinuous superframe number (hfn) or discontinuous radio frame (bfn).
[0052] Signal decoding conditions can include abnormalities in the clock data recovery (CDR) of the deserializer (Serdes), where the CDR is used to extract the key parts of the clock and data from the received signal. An abnormality in the CDR may cause the data to be unable to be decoded correctly.
[0053] In addition, the optical signal reception status may also include the presence of the fiber optic interface module.
[0054] In this way, if the fiber optic interface is found to be abnormal based on the second anomaly detection result, the baseband data can be shut down to protect against abnormal signals. In addition, the server can also record the type and duration of the optical port alarm in the RRU's flash and report the corresponding identifier to the operation and maintenance system.
[0055] In addition, if the second anomaly detection result indicates that there is an anomaly in the fiber optic interface, the RRU side optical port loopback can be initiated. If the alarm disappears, the network management system can be notified that there is a problem with the RRU device. If the alarm does not disappear, the operation and maintenance system can be notified of the optical port anomaly alarm, prompting the user to check the fiber optic interface and whether the physical connection between the fiber optic interface and the RRU is intact, and to check whether the speed configuration of the fiber optic interface is correct.
[0056] In practical applications, the specific processing method for determining the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information in step S104 above can vary. One optional processing method is provided below, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific process may include the following steps S1042 to S1044.
[0057] In S1042, the power of each resource element in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit is determined based on the cell configuration parameter information.
[0058] In S1044, the power of each resource element is summed to obtain the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit.
[0059] In practical applications, the specific processing methods for handling the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result in step S108 above can be varied. One optional processing method is provided below, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific process may include the following steps, S10812.
[0060] In S10812, if it is determined from the first anomaly detection result that the first power is greater than the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit is adjusted.
[0061] In practical applications, the specific processing methods for handling the anomalies existing in the RF remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result in step S108 above can be varied. The following provides one optional processing method, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the specific process may include the following steps S10814 to S10816.
[0062] In S10814, the current of the power supply module of the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and the fourth anomaly detection result is determined based on the current of the power supply module and the rated current.
[0063] In S10816, the abnormality existing in the radio frequency remote unit is processed based on the first abnormality detection result, the second abnormality detection result, and the fourth abnormality detection result.
[0064] In practice, the specific processing method for handling the abnormality of the radio frequency remote unit based on the fourth abnormality detection result in step S10816 above can be varied. Here is another optional processing method, which may include the processing of step A1.
[0065] In A1, if the current of the power supply module is determined to be greater than the rated current based on the fourth anomaly detection result, the data stream in the transmission link is shut down and the current of the power supply module is adjusted.
[0066] In practice, the RRU can be powered by a power supply module (such as an external direct current (DC) power supply module). Since the voltage and current fluctuations of the power supply module during the power supply process can damage the power amplifier module, the current can be detected by a power detection module, and the fourth abnormality detection result can be determined based on the detected current and the rated current.
[0067] If the fourth anomaly detection result determines that the power supply module's current exceeds the rated current, the operation and maintenance system can identify the overcurrent alarm information and shut down the data stream in the transmission link (e.g., a server can shut down the data stream sent to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in the transmission link). Additionally, the operation and maintenance system can report a power supply anomaly to prompt the user to check if the power supply module is functioning correctly.
[0068] In addition, the server can be designed with an average overcurrent protection point based on the preset load capacity of the power supply module. When an overcurrent is reached, the power supply module can enter the protection mode.
[0069] Since the power amplifier module is the module in the RRU that transforms low power into high power, it is susceptible to damage from abnormal signals (such as abnormal signals from the upstream BBU, configuration errors, optical port interruptions, optical port bit errors, and abnormal signals in scenarios such as unstable voltage of the external power supply module). Furthermore, the RRU based on O-RAN has added the function of open fronthaul interface, which can be compatible with DU equipment from various equipment manufacturers. However, the compatibility mode of different systems further increases the probability of damage to the power amplifier module.
[0070] Therefore, by introducing an inter-system detection module into the operation and maintenance system, and introducing a TS control module, optical port detection, and power control module inside the RRU, abnormal signals received by the RRU can be recorded and reported to the inter-system detection module. In this way, based on the abnormal detection results (such as the first abnormal detection result, the second abnormal detection result, the third abnormal detection result, and the fourth abnormal detection result), it is possible to locate whether the abnormal signal in the RRU is introduced by the RRU equipment or the ORAN BBU. If the source of the introduction is determined, the abnormality in the RRU can be handled in a targeted manner to increase the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0071] This specification provides an embodiment of an anomaly handling method for a radio frequency remote unit. In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the method acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface, determines the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determines the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the preset continuous pulse signal at the optical fiber interface, and processes the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result. In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be accurately handled, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0072] In another embodiment, the above is a method for handling abnormalities in a radio frequency remote unit provided in the embodiments of this specification. Based on the same idea, the embodiments of this specification also provide an apparatus for handling abnormalities in a radio frequency remote unit, such as... Figure 5 As shown.
[0073] The anomaly handling device of the radio frequency remote unit includes: a data acquisition module 501, a first detection module 502, a second detection module 503, and an anomaly handling module 504, wherein: The data acquisition module 501 is used to respond to the abnormal detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, acquire the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, and send a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface. The first detection module 502 is used to determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit according to the cell configuration parameter information, and to determine the first abnormality detection result for the radio frequency remote unit according to the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit. The second detection module 503 is used to determine the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal. The anomaly handling module 504 is used to process the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result.
[0074] In this embodiment of the specification, the exception handling module 504 is used for: Obtain the link power of the transmit link in the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the third anomaly detection result based on the link power; Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the third anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0075] In the embodiments described in this specification, the link power includes the peak signal power determined based on the in-phase and quadrature components of the sampled points in the transmit link. The exception handling module 504 is used for: If the signal peak power is determined to be greater than a preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, then the data stream in the transmission link is shut down.
[0076] In the embodiments described in this specification, the link power includes the forward link power and the backward link power of the transmit link. The exception handling module 504 is used for: If the forward link power and / or the backward link power are determined to be greater than a preset second power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the link gain of the transmit link is adjusted.
[0077] In this embodiment of the specification, the exception handling module 504 is used for: If the fiber optic interface is determined to be faulty based on the second anomaly detection result, then baseband data is disabled.
[0078] In the embodiments of this specification, the signal reception status includes optical signal reception status, optical frame reception status, optical frame structure reception status, and signal decoding status.
[0079] In this embodiment of the specification, the first detection module 502 is used for: Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the power of each resource element in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit; The power of each resource element is summed to obtain the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal of the baseband processing unit.
[0080] In this embodiment of the specification, the exception handling module 504 is used for: If the first power is determined to be greater than the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit is adjusted.
[0081] In this embodiment of the specification, the exception handling module 504 is used for: Obtain the current of the power supply module of the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the fourth anomaly detection result based on the current of the power supply module and the rated current. Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the fourth anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0082] In this embodiment of the specification, the exception handling module 504 is used for: If the current of the power supply module is determined to be greater than the rated current based on the fourth anomaly detection result, the data stream in the transmission link is shut down, and the current of the power supply module is adjusted.
[0083] This specification provides an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit. In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, it acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface, determines the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determines the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the preset continuous pulse signal at the optical fiber interface, and processes the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result. In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be accurately handled, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0084] In another embodiment, based on the same idea, this specification also provides an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit, such as... Figure 6 As shown.
[0085] The fault handling device of the radio frequency remote unit can vary considerably depending on its configuration or performance. It may include one or more processors 601 and a memory 602, which may store one or more application programs or data. The memory 602 may be temporary or persistent storage. The application programs stored in the memory 602 may include one or more modules (not shown in the figures), each module including a series of computer-executable instructions for the fault handling device of the radio frequency remote unit. Furthermore, the processor 601 may be configured to communicate with the memory 602 and execute the series of computer-executable instructions in the memory 602 on the fault handling device of the radio frequency remote unit. The fault handling device of the radio frequency remote unit may also include one or more power supplies 603, one or more wired or wireless network interfaces 604, one or more input / output interfaces 606, and one or more keyboards 606.
[0086] Specifically, in this embodiment, the anomaly handling device of the radio frequency remote unit includes a memory and one or more programs, wherein one or more programs are stored in the memory, and one or more programs may include one or more modules, and each module may include a series of computer-executable instructions for the anomaly handling device of the radio frequency remote unit, and is configured to be executed by one or more processors. The one or more programs include computer-executable instructions for performing the following: In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface; Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determine the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit; Based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, a second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined; Based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0087] Optionally, processing the anomalies present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result includes: Obtain the link power of the transmit link in the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the third anomaly detection result based on the link power; Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the third anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0088] Optionally, the link power includes the peak signal power determined based on the in-phase and quadrature components of the sampled points in the transmit link. The step of processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the signal peak power is determined to be greater than a preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, then the data stream in the transmission link is shut down.
[0089] Optionally, the link power includes the forward link power and the backward link power of the transmit link. The step of processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the forward link power and / or the backward link power are determined to be greater than a preset second power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the link gain of the transmit link is adjusted.
[0090] Optionally, processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the second anomaly detection result includes: If the fiber optic interface is determined to be faulty based on the second anomaly detection result, then baseband data is disabled.
[0091] Optionally, the signal reception status includes optical signal reception status, optical frame reception status, optical frame structure reception status, and signal decoding status.
[0092] Optionally, determining the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information includes: Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the power of each resource element in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit; The power of each resource element is summed to obtain the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal of the baseband processing unit.
[0093] Optionally, processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the first power is determined to be greater than the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit is adjusted.
[0094] Optionally, processing the anomalies present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result includes: Obtain the current of the power supply module of the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the fourth anomaly detection result based on the current of the power supply module and the rated current. Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the fourth anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0095] Optionally, processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the fourth anomaly detection result includes: If the current of the power supply module is determined to be greater than the rated current based on the fourth anomaly detection result, the data stream in the transmission link is shut down, and the current of the power supply module is adjusted.
[0096] This specification provides an anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit. In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, it acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface, determines the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determines the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the preset continuous pulse signal at the optical fiber interface, and processes the anomaly existing in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result. In the event of an anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined by the first and second anomaly detection results. That is, the first and second anomaly detection results can be used to determine whether the abnormal signal in the radio frequency remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. In this way, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit can be accurately handled, avoiding damage to the power amplifier module caused by the anomaly in the radio frequency remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0097] Furthermore, based on the above Figures 1 to 4 The method shown in this specification, along with one or more embodiments, also provides a storage medium for storing computer-executable instruction information. In one specific embodiment, the storage medium can be a USB flash drive, optical disc, hard disk, etc. When the computer-executable instruction information stored in the storage medium is executed by a processor, it can achieve the following process: In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface; Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determine the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit; Based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, a second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined; Based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0098] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the above-described storage medium embodiment is basically similar to the method embodiment, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.
[0099] This specification provides a computer-readable storage medium that, in response to an anomaly detection command for a radio frequency (RF) remote unit, acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the RF remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the fiber optic interface, determines a first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines a first anomaly detection result for the RF remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the RF remote unit, determines a second anomaly detection result for the RF remote unit based on the signal reception of the preset continuous pulse signal at the fiber optic interface, and processes the anomaly present in the RF remote unit based on the first and / or second anomaly detection results. In the event of an anomaly in the RF remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined through the first and second anomaly detection results. Specifically, it can be determined whether the abnormal signal in the RF remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. This allows for accurate processing of the anomaly in the RF remote unit after determining the source, preventing damage to the amplifier module due to the anomaly and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0100] Furthermore, based on the above Figures 1 to 4 The method shown in this specification, along with one or more embodiments, also provides a computer program product including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following process: In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface; Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determine the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit; Based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, a second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined; Based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
[0101] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to mutually. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the above-described embodiment of a computer program product is relatively simple in description because it is fundamentally similar to the method embodiment; relevant parts can be referred to the description of the method embodiment.
[0102] This specification provides a computer program product that, in response to an anomaly detection command for a radio frequency (RF) remote unit, acquires cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the RF remote unit, sends a preset continuous pulse signal to the fiber optic interface, determines the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information, determines a first anomaly detection result for the RF remote unit based on the first power and the rated power of the RF remote unit, determines a second anomaly detection result for the RF remote unit based on the signal reception status of the fiber optic interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, and processes the anomaly present in the RF remote unit based on the first and / or second anomaly detection results. In the event of an anomaly in the RF remote unit, the source of the abnormal signal can be determined through the first and second anomaly detection results. Specifically, it can be determined whether the abnormal signal in the RF remote unit is introduced by the baseband processing unit or by the fiber optic interface. Thus, after determining the source of the abnormal signal, the anomaly present in the RF remote unit can be accurately processed, avoiding damage to the amplifier module due to the anomaly in the RF remote unit and improving the maintainability of the base station equipment.
[0103] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this specification. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired result. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired result. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are possible or may be advantageous.
[0104] In the 1990s, improvements to a technology could be clearly distinguished as either hardware improvements (e.g., improvements to the circuit structure of diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software improvements (improvements to the methodology). However, with technological advancements, many methodological improvements today can be considered direct improvements to the hardware circuit structure. Designers almost always obtain the corresponding hardware circuit structure by programming the improved methodology into the hardware circuit. Therefore, it cannot be said that a methodological improvement cannot be implemented using hardware physical modules. For example, a Programmable Logic Device (PLD) (such as a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) is such an integrated circuit whose logic function is determined by the user programming the device. Designers can program and "integrate" a digital system onto a PLD themselves, without needing chip manufacturers to design and manufacture dedicated integrated circuit chips. Furthermore, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing integrated circuit chips, this programming is mostly implemented using "logic compiler" software. Similar to the software compiler used in program development, the original code before compilation must also be written in a specific programming language, called a Hardware Description Language (HDL). There are many HDLs, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (Altera Hardware Description Language), Confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), Lava, Lola, MyHDL, PALASM, and RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language). Currently, the most commonly used are VHDL (Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog. Those skilled in the art should also understand that by simply performing some logic programming on the method flow using one of these hardware description languages and programming it into an integrated circuit, the hardware circuit implementing the logical method flow can be easily obtained.
[0105] The controller can be implemented in any suitable manner. For example, it can take the form of a microprocessor or processor and a computer-readable medium storing computer-readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro)processor, logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Examples of controllers include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, Atmel AT91SAM, Microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicon Labs C8051F320. A memory controller can also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. Those skilled in the art will also recognize that, in addition to implementing the controller in purely computer-readable program code form, the same functionality can be achieved by logically programming the method steps to make the controller take the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers. Therefore, such a controller can be considered a hardware component, and the means included therein for implementing various functions can also be considered as structures within the hardware component. Alternatively, the means for implementing various functions can be considered as both software modules implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.
[0106] For ease of description, the above apparatus is described by dividing it into various functional units. Of course, when implementing one or more embodiments of this specification, the functions of each unit can be implemented in one or more software and / or hardware.
[0107] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of this specification can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, one or more embodiments of this specification may take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, one or more embodiments of this specification may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0108] Embodiments in this specification are described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this specification. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable radio frequency remote unit's exception handling device to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable radio frequency remote unit's exception handling device, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.
[0109] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0110] Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiments of this specification can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, one or more embodiments of this specification may take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, one or more embodiments of this specification may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.
[0111] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments. In particular, the system embodiments are basically similar to the method embodiments, so the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.
[0112] The above description is merely an embodiment of this specification and is not intended to limit this specification. Various modifications and variations can be made to this specification by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this specification should be included within the scope of the claims of this specification.
Claims
1. A fault handling method for a radio frequency remote unit, applied to the radio frequency remote unit, the method comprising: In response to an anomaly detection command for the radio frequency remote unit, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit is obtained, and a preset continuous pulse signal is sent to the optical fiber interface; Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit, and based on the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit, determine the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit; Based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal, a second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit is determined; Based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result includes: Obtain the link power of the transmit link in the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the third anomaly detection result based on the link power; Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the third anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the link power includes the peak signal power determined based on the in-phase and quadrature components of the sampling points in the transmission link. The step of processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the signal peak power is determined to be greater than a preset first power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, then the data stream in the transmission link is shut down.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the link power includes the forward link power and the backward link power of the transmit link. The step of processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the forward link power and / or the backward link power are determined to be greater than a preset second power threshold based on the first anomaly detection result, the link gain of the transmit link is adjusted.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the second anomaly detection result includes: If the fiber optic interface is determined to be faulty based on the second anomaly detection result, then baseband data is disabled.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the signal reception status includes optical signal reception status, optical frame reception status, optical frame structure reception status, and signal decoding status.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein determining the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit based on the cell configuration parameter information comprises: Based on the cell configuration parameter information, determine the power of each resource element in the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit; The power of each resource element is summed to obtain the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexed signal of the baseband processing unit.
8. The method according to claim 7, wherein processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result includes: If the first power is determined to be greater than the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result, the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit is adjusted.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result includes: Obtain the current of the power supply module of the radio frequency remote unit, and determine the fourth anomaly detection result based on the current of the power supply module and the rated current. Based on the first anomaly detection result, the second anomaly detection result, and the fourth anomaly detection result, the anomalies existing in the radio frequency remote unit are processed.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein processing the anomaly present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the fourth anomaly detection result includes: If the current of the power supply module is determined to be greater than the rated current based on the fourth anomaly detection result, the data stream in the transmission link is shut down, and the current of the power supply module is adjusted.
11. An anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit, the device comprising: The instruction response module is used to respond to the abnormal detection instruction for the radio frequency remote unit, obtain the cell configuration parameter information of the baseband processing unit corresponding to the radio frequency remote unit, and send a preset continuous pulse signal to the optical fiber interface. The first detection module is used to determine the first power of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signal of the baseband processing unit according to the cell configuration parameter information, and to determine the first anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit according to the first power and the rated power of the radio frequency remote unit. The second detection module is used to determine the second anomaly detection result for the radio frequency remote unit based on the signal reception status of the optical fiber interface for the preset continuous pulse signal. An anomaly handling module is used to process anomalies present in the radio frequency remote unit based on the first anomaly detection result and / or the second anomaly detection result.
12. An anomaly handling device for a radio frequency remote unit, characterized in that, It includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a program or instructions that can run on the processor, the program or instructions being executed by the processor to implement the steps of the anomaly handling method of the radio frequency remote unit as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.
13. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The readable storage medium stores a program or instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the abnormal handling method for the radio frequency remote unit as described in any one of claims 1-10.
14. A computer program product, characterized in that, Includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the anomaly handling method for the radio frequency remote unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10.