Improved vehicle electronic system, related vehicle and related method

Abstract

A vehicle electronic system for monitoring the safety of a vehicle (1), the vehicle (1) comprising a battery assembly (11), the vehicle electronic system (21) comprising: a vehicle sensor system (31) comprising one or more sensors (32), each sensor being configured to generate and send a respective output indicative of a respective physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1); and a processing unit (41) configured to: receive and process each output generated and transmitted by said one or more sensors (32) in order to check, for each output, whether a respective predetermined condition is satisfied, said predetermined condition being associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11); and generating a warning signal if at least one of the predetermined conditions is satisfied.

Description

Improved vehicle electronic systems, related vehicles and related methods

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This patent application claims priority to Italian Patent Application No. 102023000018366, filed on 7 September 2023, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This invention relates to vehicle electronic systems, particularly vehicle electronic systems for monitoring vehicle safety, related vehicles, and related methods.

[0004] The present invention has found preferred, but not exclusive, applications in vehicles that include this vehicle electronic system. Such applications will be illustrated below by way of example. Background Technology

[0005] As is known, vehicles that include battery components, such as buses or light commercial vehicles (LCVs), face risks due to potential failures of the battery components.

[0006] Specifically, the battery assembly comprises one or more battery packs, each battery pack includes multiple modules, and each module includes multiple battery cells. An internal short circuit in a battery cell can trigger thermal runaway, a process in which an increase in temperature creates conditions that determine further increases in temperature. Therefore, thermal runaway is an example of positive feedback and can even lead to a thermal explosion, posing significant safety concerns.

[0007] Since thermal runaway is uncontrollable once it is triggered, it must be detected as quickly as possible to ensure vehicle safety, especially to get the occupants out of the vehicle before dangerous events such as thermal explosions occur.

[0008] To enhance safety, regulation ECE R100.3 sets stringent requirements to ensure the safety of vehicle occupants in the event of hazardous incidents such as thermal explosions.

[0009] Therefore, it is necessary to monitor vehicle safety to detect potential battery component failures, especially thermal runaway.

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to meet the aforementioned requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The aforementioned objective is achieved by the vehicle electronic system, vehicle, and method claimed in the appended claims. Attached Figure Description

[0012] To better understand the present invention, preferred embodiments are described below by way of non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0013] • Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vehicle according to the present invention; and

[0014] • Figure 2 is a block diagram of a vehicle electronic system according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Figure 1 schematically shows a vehicle 1 according to the present invention.

[0016] Vehicle 1 is of a known type and includes multiple walls 2, floor 3 and roof 4 configured to define the interior environment 5 of vehicle 1.

[0017] Conveniently, vehicle 1 includes at least one door 6, which communicates with the external environment of vehicle 1 and is configured to allow users of vehicle 1 to enter and exit vehicle 1.

[0018] Specifically, door 6 allows the user of the vehicle to enter vehicle 1, that is, to enter the interior environment 5 from the external environment of vehicle 1, and to leave vehicle 1, that is, to enter the external environment from the interior environment 5.

[0019] In the illustrated embodiment, vehicle 1 is a vehicle used for the mass transport of passengers, and in particular, vehicle 1 is a bus. However, it is clear that such a vehicle could also be a light commercial vehicle (LCV) or a heavy vehicle such as a truck.

[0020] Vehicle 1 includes multiple doors 6, each door communicating with the external environment of vehicle 1 and configured to allow passengers to enter (where passengers can sit) and / or exit the internal environment 5.

[0021] Conveniently, vehicle 1 is an electric or hybrid vehicle and includes a rechargeable energy storage system (REESS) configured to provide electrical power for the electric propulsion of vehicle 1.

[0022] The rechargeable energy storage system includes a battery assembly 11.

[0023] Conveniently, the battery assembly 11 is configured to be charged specifically to store electrical energy, and to be discharged specifically when electrical energy from components electrically connected to the rechargeable energy storage system is required.

[0024] In the illustrated embodiment, the battery assembly 11 is supported by the roof 4 of the vehicle 1 and is at least partially arranged outside the roof 4.

[0025] Conveniently, the battery assembly 11 includes at least one battery pack.

[0026] Specifically, the battery assembly 11 includes a single battery pack or multiple battery packs connected to each other. In the latter case, one battery pack is referred to as the "main battery pack" and the other battery pack is referred to as the "sub-battery pack".

[0027] Conveniently, each battery pack has a modular structure. In particular, each battery pack includes multiple modules, and each module includes multiple battery cells.

[0028] For example, battery assembly 11 includes five battery packs, each battery pack includes sixteen modules, and each module includes sixteen battery cells, for a total of 1280 battery cells.

[0029] An internal short circuit may occur in each battery cell, which could trigger thermal runaway, potentially leading to fire and / or explosion and / or smoke, thereby compromising the safety of vehicle 1.

[0030] Vehicle 1 includes a vehicle electronic system 21 for monitoring the safety of vehicle 1.

[0031] The vehicle electronic system 21 (FIG. 2) includes a vehicle sensor system 31, which includes one or more sensors 32, each of which is configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1.

[0032] Specifically, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes: a single sensor 32 configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1; or multiple sensors 32, wherein each sensor 32 is configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1. In the latter case, the sensor 32 is configured to generate and transmit corresponding outputs indicating the same physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 or different physical quantities associated with each other.

[0033] The vehicle sensor system 31 also includes a processing unit 41, which is configured to:

[0034] • Receive and process each output generated and transmitted by one or more of the aforementioned sensors 32 to check for satisfaction of a corresponding predetermined condition for each output, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11; and

[0035] • A warning signal is generated if at least one of these predetermined conditions is met.

[0036] Specifically, for each sensor 32, the processing unit 41 is configured to receive and process the corresponding output to check whether such output meets a corresponding predetermined condition associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11, and if such predetermined condition is met, generate a warning signal.

[0037] Conveniently:

[0038] • If the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a single sensor 32, the processing unit 41 is configured to generate a warning signal when the output of the sensor 32 meets a corresponding predetermined condition.

[0039] If the vehicle sensor system 31 includes multiple sensors 32, the processing unit 41 is configured to generate a warning signal when at least one output of one of the sensors 32 satisfies a corresponding predetermined condition. In other words, it is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal if one output of a sensor 32 satisfies a corresponding predetermined condition.

[0040] Conveniently, the processing unit 41 is the electronic control unit (ECU) of the vehicle 1, or a dedicated processing unit other than the electronic control unit.

[0041] Preferably, if the battery assembly 11 includes multiple battery packs connected to each other, namely a "main battery pack" and at least one "sub battery pack", then the "main battery pack" is configured to communicate directly with the processing unit 41, and each "sub battery pack" is configured to communicate directly with the "main battery pack" and indirectly with the processing unit 41 via the "main battery pack".

[0042] Preferably, the thermal event is thermal runaway, which may occur in the battery assembly 11 and may lead to dangerous events such as fire, explosion, or smoke in the vehicle 1.

[0043] Conveniently, for each output, the corresponding predetermined conditions are met in the case of a thermal event.

[0044] Specifically, the aforementioned predetermined conditions are defined such that they are not met under normal operation of the battery assembly 11, but are met in the event that the battery assembly fails due to a thermal event, particularly thermal runaway.

[0045] Conveniently, the aforementioned predetermined conditions are defined such that the corresponding time period has a duration sufficient to allow the occupants of vehicle 1 to safely evacuate vehicle 1 in the event of a thermal event in battery assembly 11. Specifically, such a time period has an initial moment and a final moment, wherein at the initial moment, the aforementioned predetermined conditions are satisfied, and at the final moment, a dangerous event occurs due to a thermal event such as a fire, explosion, or smoke in vehicle 1. Preferably, the duration of such a time period is greater than or equal to five minutes.

[0046] Preferably, one or more of the aforementioned sensors 32 include a pressure sensor 51, which is configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the pressure in the battery assembly 11.

[0047] In other words, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a sensor 32 that functions as a pressure sensor 51.

[0048] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 indicates the pressure within the battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0049] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a pressure sensor 51 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0050] Conveniently, the aforementioned predetermined conditions are met under the following circumstances:

[0051] • The output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 exceeds a corresponding predetermined threshold; and / or

[0052] • The output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0053] Specifically, the following three situations were distinguished.

[0054] In the first case, if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold, the aforementioned predetermined condition is met, regardless of the value of the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51. In other words, it is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold. The value of the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is irrelevant and therefore does not need to be considered for the purpose of checking the predetermined condition.

[0055] Conveniently, in the first case, the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is a pressure signal, the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined pressure value, and if the pressure signal is greater than such a predetermined value, the corresponding predetermined condition is met. Specifically, if the pressure in the battery assembly 11 exceeds the predetermined pressure value, the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Indeed, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0056] In the second case, if the output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold—that is, a derivative with respect to time—the aforementioned predetermined condition is satisfied, regardless of the value of the output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51. In other words, a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold is sufficient for processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal. The value of the output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 is irrelevant and therefore does not need to be considered for the purpose of checking the predetermined condition.

[0057] Conveniently, in the second case, the output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 is a pressure signal, and the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined pressure change value relative to time. A predetermined condition is satisfied if the time derivative of the pressure signal—that is, the rate of pressure change relative to time—is greater than such a predetermined value. Specifically, if the time derivative of the pressure in battery assembly 11 exceeds the predetermined pressure change value relative to time, processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Indeed, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the time derivative of the pressure in battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0058] In the third case, the aforementioned predetermined condition is met if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, and if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold—that is, a derivative with respect to time. In other words, a warning signal can only be generated by the processing unit 41 when both the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold and the time derivative of the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a value higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0059] Conveniently, the third case is a combination of the first and second cases. Specifically, the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal if the pressure in battery assembly 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure value and if the time derivative of the pressure in battery assembly 11 exceeds a predetermined pressure change value relative to time. In fact, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the pressure in battery assembly 11 tends to increase, and the time derivative of the pressure in battery assembly 11 tends to increase. The predetermined pressure value in the third case is not necessarily equal to the predetermined pressure value in the first case, and the predetermined pressure change value relative to time in the third case is not necessarily equal to the predetermined pressure change value relative to time in the second case. Conveniently, the predetermined pressure value in the third case is less than the predetermined pressure value in the first case, and the predetermined pressure change value relative to time in the third case is less than the predetermined pressure change value relative to time in the second case, because in the third case, both the predetermined pressure value and the predetermined pressure change value relative to time are considered, while in the first case only the predetermined pressure value is considered, and in the second case only the predetermined pressure change value relative to time is considered.

[0060] Conveniently, these three situations can be summarized by the following three propositions:

[0061] 1) The output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0062] 2) The output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0063] 3) The aforementioned predetermined conditions are met.

[0064] The following applies:

[0065] • Considering both the first and second cases together is equivalent to stating that proposition 3) has the same set of truth values ​​as the proposition formed by the logical disjunction (logical operator OR) – also known as inclusion disjunction – of propositions 1) and 2). In other words, proposition 3) has the same set of truth values ​​as proposition 1 OR or proposition 2).

[0066] • Consider the third case, which is equivalent to stating that proposition 3) has the same set of truth values ​​as the proposition formed by the logical conjunction (logical operator AND) of propositions 1) and 2). In other words, proposition 3) has the same set of truth values ​​as proposition 1) AND proposition 2).

[0067] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 include one or more gas sensors 61, each gas sensor being configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating the corresponding concentration of a corresponding gas in the battery assembly 11.

[0068] In other words, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one sensor 32 that serves as a gas sensor 61.

[0069] Conveniently, the output generated and sent by each gas sensor 61 indicates the corresponding concentration of the corresponding gas within the battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0070] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one gas sensor 61 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0071] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 include a volatile organic compound sensor 71, also known as a VOC sensor, which is configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11, and to satisfy the aforementioned predetermined condition if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0072] Specifically, an output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 with a value higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal.

[0073] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 indicates the concentration of volatile organic compounds within the battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0074] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a volatile organic compound sensor 71 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0075] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is the relative amount of volatile organic compounds, for example, in parts per million (ppm). A corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value for the relative amount of volatile organic compounds, also in ppm. If the relative amount of volatile organic compounds detected by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is greater than such a predetermined value, a corresponding predetermined condition is met. Specifically, if the relative amount of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 detected by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 exceeds the predetermined value, the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Indeed, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0076] Specifically, the corresponding predetermined threshold is defined as a predetermined value that allows the occupants of vehicle 1 to safely evacuate vehicle 1 in the event of a thermal event in battery assembly 11. Specifically, such a period has an initial moment and a final moment, wherein at the initial moment, the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 exceeds the corresponding predetermined threshold, and at the final moment, a hazardous event occurs due to a thermal event such as a fire, explosion, or smoke in vehicle 1. Preferably, the duration of such a period is greater than or equal to five minutes.

[0077] For example, the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of 600 ppm volatile organic compounds.

[0078] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 include a carbon monoxide sensor 72, also referred to as a CO (“carbon monoxide”) sensor, which is configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11, and to satisfy the aforementioned predetermined condition if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0079] Specifically, an output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 with a value higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal.

[0080] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 indicates the concentration of carbon monoxide within the battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0081] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a carbon monoxide sensor 72 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0082] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is the relative amount of carbon monoxide, for example, in parts per million (ppm). A corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value for the relative amount of carbon monoxide, also in ppm. If the relative amount of carbon monoxide detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is greater than such a predetermined value, a corresponding predetermined condition is met. Specifically, if the relative amount of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 exceeds the predetermined value, the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Indeed, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0083] Specifically, the corresponding predetermined threshold is defined as a predetermined value that allows the occupants of vehicle 1 to safely evacuate vehicle 1 in the event of a thermal event in battery assembly 11. Specifically, such a period has an initial moment and a final moment, wherein at the initial moment, the output generated and transmitted by carbon monoxide sensor 72 exceeds the corresponding predetermined threshold, and at the final moment, a hazardous event occurs due to a thermal event such as a fire, explosion, or smoke in vehicle 1. Preferably, the duration of such a period is greater than or equal to five minutes.

[0084] For example, the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value greater than or equal to 190 ppm of carbon monoxide.

[0085] Preferably, the aforementioned one or more gas sensors 61 include a smoke sensor 73, which is configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11, and to satisfy the aforementioned predetermined condition if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0086] Specifically, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal if the value is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0087] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 indicates the concentration of smoke within the battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0088] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes smoke sensors 73 for each battery pack of the battery assembly 11.

[0089] Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is the relative amount of smoke, for example, in parts per million (ppm). A corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value for the relative amount of smoke, also in ppm. If the relative amount of smoke detected by the smoke sensor 73 is greater than such a predetermined value, a corresponding predetermined condition is met. Specifically, if the relative amount of smoke in the battery assembly 11 detected by the smoke sensor 73 exceeds a predetermined value for the relative amount of smoke, the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Indeed, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0090] Specifically, the corresponding predetermined threshold is defined as a predetermined value that allows the occupants of vehicle 1 to safely evacuate vehicle 1 in the event of a thermal event in battery assembly 11. Specifically, such a period has an initial moment and a final moment, wherein at the initial moment, the output generated and transmitted by smoke sensor 73 exceeds the corresponding predetermined threshold, and at the final moment, a dangerous event occurs due to a thermal event such as a fire, explosion, or smoke in vehicle 1. Preferably, the duration of such a period is greater than or equal to five minutes.

[0091] For example, the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value greater than or equal to 300 ppm smoke.

[0092] Conveniently, the volatile organic compound sensor 71, the carbon monoxide sensor 72, and the smoke sensor 73 are different sensors or integrated into a single multi-gas sensor.

[0093] Preferably, if the battery assembly 11 comprises multiple battery packs connected to each other, namely a "main battery pack" and at least one "sub-battery pack", then each battery pack includes at least one sensor 32. Preferably, each battery pack includes at least one pressure sensor 51 and at least one gas sensor 61, and in particular, each battery pack preferably includes at least one volatile organic compound sensor 71, preferably at least one carbon monoxide sensor 72, and preferably at least one smoke sensor 73.

[0094] Optionally, the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 include at least one of the following:

[0095] • A temperature sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the temperature within the battery assembly 11, particularly the temperature within the modules of the battery assembly 11. Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a temperature sensor for each module of the battery assembly 11.

[0096] • A current sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the current in battery assembly 11, particularly the current in the battery packs of battery assembly 11. Preferably, vehicle sensor system 31 includes a current sensor for each battery pack of battery assembly 11.

[0097] • A voltage sensor configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the voltage in the battery assembly 11, particularly the voltage in the battery cells of the battery assembly 11. Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a voltage sensor for each battery cell of the battery assembly 11.

[0098] Preferably, the vehicle electronic system 21 further includes a notification device 81 configured to receive a warning signal generated by the processing unit 41 and generate a visual and / or auditory notification associated with the warning signal.

[0099] Specifically, the notification device 81 is configured to warn the occupants of vehicle 1 of potential hazards associated with vehicle 1 via visual and / or auditory notifications. Such hazards include, for example, an impending fire, explosion, or smoke in vehicle 1.

[0100] In the illustrated embodiment, visual and / or auditory notifications are useful to the driver and / or passengers of vehicle 1.

[0101] For example, the notification device 81 includes at least one of the following:

[0102] • A warning light is configured to generate a visual notification to the driver of vehicle 1. Conveniently, if a warning signal generated by processing unit 41 is received, the warning light illuminates to warn the driver of potential hazards related to vehicle 1.

[0103] • A display configured to generate visual notifications for the driver of vehicle 1. Conveniently, if a warning signal generated by processing unit 41 is received, the display shows a text message to warn the driver of potential hazards related to vehicle 1.

[0104] • One or more displays are configured to generate visual notifications for passengers of vehicle 1. Conveniently, if a warning signal generated by processing unit 41 is received, the aforementioned one or more displays display a text message to warn passengers of potential dangers related to vehicle 1.

[0105] • An auditory warning device is configured to generate an auditory notification for the driver of vehicle 1. Conveniently, if a warning signal generated by processing unit 41 is received, the auditory warning device emits an auditory signal to warn the driver of the vehicle of potential hazards related to vehicle 1.

[0106] • One or more auditory warning devices are configured to generate auditory notifications for passengers of vehicle 1. Conveniently, if a warning signal generated by processing unit 41 is received, the aforementioned one or more auditory warning devices emit an auditory signal to warn the driver of the vehicle of potential hazards related to vehicle 1.

[0107] The present invention also relates to a method for monitoring the safety of a vehicle 1, which includes a battery assembly 11 and a vehicle electronic system 21.

[0108] The method includes the following steps:

[0109] a) Each of the aforementioned one or more sensors 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and transmits a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1;

[0110] b) The processing unit 41 receives and processes each output generated and transmitted by one or more of the aforementioned sensors 32 to check whether a corresponding predetermined condition is met for each output, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11; and

[0111] c) If at least one of such predetermined conditions is met, a warning signal is generated by the processing unit 41.

[0112] Specifically:

[0113] • If the vehicle sensor system 31 includes a single sensor 32, then step c) is: if the output of sensor 32 meets the corresponding predetermined conditions, then the processing unit 41 generates a warning signal.

[0114] • If the vehicle sensor system 31 includes multiple sensors 32, then step c) is: if at least one output of sensor 32 among the multiple sensors 32 satisfies a corresponding predetermined condition, then a warning signal is generated by the processing unit 41. In other words, it is sufficient for the processing unit 41 to generate a warning signal if one output of sensor 32 satisfies the corresponding predetermined condition.

[0115] Preferably, step a) includes generating and transmitting an output indicating the pressure in the battery assembly 11 by the pressure sensor 51 of the vehicle sensor system 31.

[0116] Specifically, the output indicating the corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is an output indicating the pressure in the battery assembly 11, which is generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 of the sensor 32, which is the vehicle sensor system 31.

[0117] Preferably, the aforementioned predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor 51 is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

[0118] In particular, the three situations described above are distinguished.

[0119] Preferably, step a) includes generating and transmitting a corresponding output indicating the corresponding concentration of a corresponding gas in the battery assembly 11 by one or more gas sensors 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31.

[0120] Specifically, the output indicating the corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1 is an output indicating the corresponding concentration of the corresponding gas in the battery assembly 11, which is generated and transmitted by the corresponding gas sensor 61 of the sensor 32, which is the vehicle sensor system 31.

[0121] Preferably, step a) includes:

[0122] • The volatile organic compound sensor 71 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and transmits an output indicating the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11, and if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor 71 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, the aforementioned predetermined condition is met; and / or

[0123] • The carbon monoxide sensor 72 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and transmits an output indicating the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11, and if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, the aforementioned predetermined condition is met; and / or

[0124] • The smoke sensor 73 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and transmits an output indicating the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11, and if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, the aforementioned predetermined condition is satisfied.

[0125] In particular, at least one of the following applies:

[0126] • The output indicating the corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of vehicle 1 is an output indicating the corresponding concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the battery assembly 11, which is generated and transmitted by the VOC sensor 71, which is the gas sensor 61 of the vehicle sensor system 31. Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the VOC sensor 71 is the relative amount of VOCs, for example, in parts per million (ppm), and the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of the relative amount of VOCs, for example, in parts per million (ppm), and if the relative amount of VOCs detected by the VOC sensor 71 is greater than such a predetermined value, the corresponding predetermined condition is met. In fact, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of VOCs in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0127] • The output indicating the corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of vehicle 1 is an output indicating the corresponding concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11, which is generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 of the gas sensor 61, which is the vehicle sensor system 31. Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is the relative amount of carbon monoxide, for example in parts per million (ppm), and the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of the relative amount of carbon monoxide, for example in parts per million (ppm), and if the relative amount of carbon monoxide detected by the carbon monoxide sensor 72 is greater than such a predetermined value, the corresponding predetermined condition is met. In fact, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0128] • The output indicating the corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of vehicle 1 is an output indicating the corresponding concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11, which is generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 of the gas sensor 61, which is part of the vehicle sensor system 31. Conveniently, the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor 73 is the relative amount of smoke, for example in parts per million (ppm), and the corresponding predetermined threshold is a predetermined value of the relative amount of smoke, for example in parts per million (ppm), and if the relative amount of smoke detected by the smoke sensor 73 is greater than such a predetermined value, the corresponding predetermined condition is met. In fact, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0129] The following describes the operation of the vehicle electronic system 21 described above.

[0130] Each sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 generates and sends a corresponding output to the processing unit 41 indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1. For example, an output indicating the pressure in the battery assembly 11 generated and sent by the pressure sensor 51, a corresponding output indicating the concentration of a corresponding gas in the battery assembly 11 generated and sent by one or more gas sensors 61, and in particular, an output indicating the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 generated and sent by the volatile organic compound sensor 71, an output indicating the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 generated and sent by the carbon monoxide sensor 72, and an output indicating the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 generated and sent by the smoke sensor 73.

[0131] The processing unit 41 receives and processes each output generated and transmitted by one or more of the aforementioned sensors 32 in order to check whether a corresponding predetermined condition is met for each output, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11.

[0132] If at least one of these predetermined conditions is met, for example, if the output generated and transmitted by pressure sensor 51 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold, or if the output generated and transmitted by volatile organic compound sensor 71 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, or if the output generated and transmitted by carbon monoxide sensor 72 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, or if the output generated and transmitted by smoke sensor 73 is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold, then processing unit 41 generates a warning signal. Preferably, notification device 81 receives the warning signal generated by processing unit 41 and generates a visual and / or auditory notification associated with the warning signal.

[0133] In view of the foregoing, the advantages of the vehicle 1 and vehicle electronic system 21 according to the present invention are obvious.

[0134] In particular, the vehicle electronic system 21 allows for monitoring of the safety of the vehicle 1 by detecting potential failures of the battery assembly due to thermal events, particularly thermal runaway, which may occur in the battery assembly 11 and could lead to dangerous events such as fire, explosion, or smoke in the vehicle 1.

[0135] Each sensor 32 of the vehicle sensor system 31 is allowed to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1. In particular, the corresponding physical quantity changes in the event of a thermal event in the battery assembly 11.

[0136] The processing unit 41 is allowed to receive and process each output generated and transmitted by one or more of the aforementioned sensors 32, in order to check for the satisfaction of a corresponding predetermined condition for each output, wherein such predetermined condition is associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly 11. Specifically, such predetermined condition is satisfied when a corresponding physical quantity changes in the event of a thermal event of the battery assembly 11. Therefore, the vehicle sensor system 31 and the processing unit 41 together allow the detection of a thermal event of the battery assembly 11. If detected, i.e., if at least one such predetermined condition is satisfied, the processing unit 41 allows the generation of a warning signal. Specifically, such predetermined condition is defined such that the corresponding time period has a duration preferably greater than or equal to five minutes, so as to allow the occupants of vehicle 1 to safely evacuate vehicle 1 in the event of a thermal event of the battery assembly 11. Therefore, the vehicle electronic system 21 enables the occupants of vehicle 1 to evacuate the vehicle before a hazardous event such as a fire, explosion, or smoke occurs in vehicle 1.

[0137] The vehicle sensor system 31 may include a single sensor 32 or multiple sensors 32. In the latter case, the sensor 32 is configured to generate and transmit corresponding outputs indicating the same or different physical quantities associated with the battery assembly 11 of the vehicle 1, and one output of the sensor 32 is sufficient to generate a warning signal by the processing unit 41 if a corresponding predetermined condition is met. Therefore, the vehicle sensor system 31 is accurate and robust.

[0138] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one pressure sensor 61, which allows the detection of thermal events because, in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway, the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase, and the time derivative of the pressure in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase.

[0139] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one volatile organic compound sensor 71, which allows for the detection of thermal events, since the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway.

[0140] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one carbon monoxide sensor 72, which allows for the detection of thermal events, as the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway.

[0141] Preferably, the vehicle sensor system 31 includes at least one smoke sensor 73, which allows for the detection of thermal events, as the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly 11 tends to increase in the event of a thermal event such as thermal runaway.

[0142] Preferably, the vehicle electronic system 21 includes a notification device 81 that allows the generation of visual and / or auditory notifications associated with warning signals generated by the processing unit 41 to warn the occupants of the vehicle 1 of potential hazards related to the vehicle 1.

[0143] Finally, it is clear that modifications and variations can be made to the vehicle 1 and vehicle electronic system 21 according to the present invention; however, such modifications and variations do not depart from the scope of protection defined by the claims.

[0144] For example, vehicle 1 can be any type of vehicle including battery component 11, such as a light commercial vehicle (LCV) or a heavy vehicle such as a truck.

[0145] The aforementioned one or more sensors 32 may be of a different type than the sensor described.

Claims

1. A vehicle electronic system for monitoring the safety of a vehicle, the vehicle (1) including a battery assembly (11), the vehicle electronic system (21) comprising: • A vehicle sensor system (31), comprising one or more sensors (32), each configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1); and • A processing unit (41), configured to: ◦ receive and process each output generated and transmitted by the one or more sensors (32) to check for satisfaction of a corresponding predetermined condition associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11); and ◦ generate a warning signal if at least one of the predetermined conditions is satisfied, wherein the one or more sensors (32) includes a pressure sensor (51) configured to generate and transmit an output indicating pressure in the battery assembly (11), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) has a time derivative higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein, If the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold, the predetermined condition is satisfied.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The one or more sensors (32) include one or more gas sensors (61), each gas sensor being configured to generate and transmit a corresponding output indicating the corresponding concentration of a corresponding gas in the battery assembly (11).

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein, The one or more gas sensors (61) include a volatile organic compound sensor (71) configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly (11), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor (71) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

5. The system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein, The one or more gas sensors (61) include a carbon monoxide sensor (72) configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly (11), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor (72) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

6. The system according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein, The one or more gas sensors (61) include a smoke sensor (73) configured to generate and transmit an output indicating the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly (11), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor (73) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

7. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a notification device (81) configured to receive the warning signal generated by the processing unit (41) and generate a visual and / or auditory notification associated with the warning signal.

8. A vehicle comprising a vehicle electronic system (21) and a battery assembly (11) according to any one of the preceding claims.

9. A method for monitoring the safety of a vehicle (1), the vehicle (1) comprising a vehicle electronic system (21) and a battery assembly (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising the steps of: a) Each of the one or more sensors (32) of the vehicle sensor system (31) generates and transmits a corresponding output indicating a corresponding physical quantity associated with the battery assembly (11) of the vehicle (1); b) The processing unit (41) receives and processes each output generated and transmitted by the one or more sensors (32) to check for a corresponding predetermined condition for each output, the predetermined condition being associated with a thermal event of the battery assembly (11); and c) If at least one of the predetermined conditions is met, the processing unit (41) generates a warning signal.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, Step a) includes generating and transmitting an output indicating the pressure in the battery assembly (11) by the pressure sensor (51) of the vehicle sensor system (31).

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein, The predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the pressure sensor (51) is higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold and / or has a time derivative higher than the corresponding predetermined threshold.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein, Step a) includes generating and transmitting a corresponding output by one or more gas sensors (61) of the vehicle sensor system (31) indicating the corresponding concentration of the corresponding gas in the battery assembly (11).

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, Step a) includes: • Generating and transmitting an output indicating the concentration of volatile organic compounds in the battery assembly (11) by the volatile organic compound sensor (71) of the vehicle sensor system (31), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the volatile organic compound sensor (71) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold; and / or • Generating and transmitting an output indicating the concentration of carbon monoxide in the battery assembly (11) by the carbon monoxide sensor (72) of the vehicle sensor system (31), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the carbon monoxide sensor (72) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold; and / or • Generating and transmitting an output indicating the concentration of smoke in the battery assembly (11) by the smoke sensor (73) of the vehicle sensor system (31), wherein the predetermined condition is satisfied if the output generated and transmitted by the smoke sensor (73) is higher than a corresponding predetermined threshold.

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