Nurser type seeding method and special seeding machine thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of sowing, and relates to a nurse type sowing method which comprises the following steps: S1, mixing seeds, nutrient soil, sandy soil, a soil conditioner, a water-retaining agent and water to prepare pellets; s2, the outer surfaces of the pellets are covered with breathable films; s3, the pellets are planted in the land, and the upper surfaces of the pellets are flush with the surface of the land. The invention further relates to a special seeding machine which comprises a rack, and the rack is provided with a seed supply mechanism, a material supply mechanism, a seed pelleting machine, a film covering mechanism, a furrowing blade, a seed falling pipe and the like. The outer surfaces of the seed pellets are covered with the low-strength breathable films, the water retention and breathability requirements are met, the soil covering link is omitted during sowing, the upper surfaces of the pellets are flush with the earth surface, the problems of soil hardening and seedling jacking caused by head cover rainwater are solved from the mechanism, the emergence rate and the emergence uniformity under the conditions of severe saline-alkali soil and the like are remarkably increased, and the survival rate of seedlings is increased. And the operation cost of breaking the film to release seedlings and preventing hardening is reduced, and mechanization and standardization of the baby-nurse-type seeding method are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of sowing technology, and specifically relates to a nanny-style sowing method and its dedicated sowing machine. Background Technology

[0002] Saline-alkali land and desertified land are widely distributed in my country, covering a vast area. These special soils generally suffer from prominent problems such as poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, easy soil compaction, low crop germination rate, and severe seedling emergence. Especially in severely saline-alkali land (relatively heavy clay soil), if rainfall or irrigation occurs after sowing, the surface soil easily forms a dense and hard crust, making it difficult for tender seedlings to break through the soil layer and emerge smoothly. This leads to a series of problems such as missing seedlings, gaps in rows, and difficulty in ensuring seedling survival. Traditional sowing operations usually involve furrowing, covering with soil, and compaction as the core procedures. The seeds are buried deep in the soil layer, relying entirely on their own ability to break through the covering layer to emerge. However, under the dual constraints of physiological stress from the saline-alkali environment and physical obstacles from the soil compaction layer, the germination rate and uniformity of seed emergence are often difficult to guarantee, seriously affecting the stability of crop production and yield potential.

[0003] To effectively address and overcome the seedling emergence challenges under the aforementioned adverse conditions, the agricultural technology field has gradually explored and developed various technical approaches and solutions, including seed pelleting, functional seed coating technology, mulching cultivation, and innovative agronomic directions such as no-covering or shallow-covering sowing. However, most currently widely used sowing machinery is designed for conventional, untreated naked seeds or traditional dry-coated seeds, with deep burial as the default standard operating mode. This traditional machinery is ill-suited to the specific and advanced agronomic requirements of large-diameter wet pelleted seeds, microporous biodegradable low-strength coating materials, the requirement for pellets to be flush with the ground surface, and the need for real-time pelleting and simultaneous sowing. The lack of effective coordination and integration between agricultural machinery and agronomy hinders the efficient and large-scale mechanized application and promotion of many advanced cultivation techniques, thus limiting their practical effectiveness and benefits in saline-alkali and desertified land improvement and agricultural production. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a "nanny-style" sowing method and its dedicated seeder, which specifically solves the problem of seedling emergence obstacles in environments such as saline-alkali land and arid sandy land.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] The "nanny-style" seed-planting method includes the following steps: S1. Mix seeds, nutrient soil, sand, soil conditioner, water-retaining agent and water to make pellets; S2. A breathable film is covered on the outer surface of the pellets, and the breathable film has air pores. S3. Plant the pellets in the soil, making the top surface of the pellets flush with the surface of the soil.

[0007] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized, and the nutrient soil is humus soil.

[0008] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized, and the soil conditioner is desulfurized gypsum.

[0009] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized. The weight percentage of nutrient soil in the pellets is 25%, the weight percentage of sand is 50%, the weight percentage of soil conditioner is 3%, the weight percentage of water-retaining agent is 2%, and the weight percentage of water is 20%.

[0010] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized. The pellets are spherical or cylindrical with the air vents opening upwards, and the diameter of the pellets is 3-4 cm.

[0011] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized. The breathable membrane is made of a biodegradable material, the thickness of the breathable membrane is 0.004-0.006mm, and the diameter of the breathable pores is 8-10mm.

[0012] A specialized seeder, including a frame, is suitable for the aforementioned "nanny-style" sowing method. The frame is equipped with a seed supply mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a seed pelleting machine, a film covering mechanism, a furrowing shovel, a seed dropping tube, and a height limiting plate. The seed supply mechanism and the feeding mechanism are connected to the inlet of the seed pelleting machine, which is used to produce pellets. The outlet of the seed pelleting machine is connected to the inlet of the film covering mechanism, which is used to cover the outside of the pellets with a breathable film. The outlet of the film covering mechanism is connected to the seed dropping tube, which passes through the frame and extends downwards. The furrowing shovel is located at the bottom of the frame and in front of the seed dropping tube. The height limiting plate is located at the bottom of the frame and behind the seed dropping tube. The height limiting plate is made of flexible material and presses downwards against the ground.

[0013] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized by providing a pressing wheel on the frame. The pressing wheel is located at the bottom of the frame and behind the height limiting plate.

[0014] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized by providing a shaped screen at the discharge port of the seed pellet mill.

[0015] To better realize the present invention, the above structure is further optimized. The frame is a traction structure with a traction frame at the front end and wheels at the bottom. A pulse encoder is installed on the wheel. The pulse encoder is used to collect the rotation speed of the wheel. The pulse encoder is connected to the central controller. The central controller receives the rotation speed signal of the wheel and controls the wheels, seed supply mechanism, feeding mechanism, seed pelleting machine and film covering mechanism to operate synchronously.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention proposes a "nanny-style" sowing method and its dedicated seeder, which innovatively employs a technique of covering the seeds with a low-strength, permeable protective film. This film effectively retains moisture while ensuring good air permeability, preventing excessive liquid water loss and thus meeting the dual needs of seeds for water and oxygen during germination. In the actual sowing process, the traditional soil-covering step is eliminated, directly keeping the surface of the granular seeds flush with the soil surface. This design fundamentally changes the situation where traditional sowing is easily affected by rain or waterlogging, effectively preventing the problem of seeds failing to emerge due to surface soil compaction. This method and its dedicated machinery significantly improve the overall germination rate and uniformity of seeds in harsh, barren environments such as saline-alkali land and sandy soil. Simultaneously, it reduces the additional agricultural operations and manpower and material input required for subsequent film breaking, seedling release, and prevention of soil compaction, truly promoting the solid implementation of "nanny-style" sowing technology towards mechanization, standardization, and large-scale application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the special seeder in this invention; Figure 2 This is the circuit control diagram of the special seeder in this invention.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Frame; 2. Seed feeding mechanism; 201. Finger clamp seed meter; 3. Feeding mechanism; 301. Screw conveyor; 4. Seed pelleting machine; 5. Film covering mechanism; 6. Furrowing shovel; 7. Seed dropping tube; 701. Height limit plate; 8. Pressing wheel; 9. Shaping screen; 10. Traction frame; 11. Wheels; 12. Water tank; 13. Transmission box. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0021] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," "front end," "rear end," "head," "tail," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0022] In the description of this invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0023] Example 1: The nanny-style seeding method provided by this invention includes the following steps: S1. Mix seeds, nutrient soil, sand, soil conditioner, water-retaining agent and water and form into pellets through a seed pelleting machine. The pellets are spherical or cylindrical in shape, and the diameter of the pellets is preferably designed to be 3-4 cm.

[0024] S2. Cover the outer surface of the pellets with a breathable film made of biodegradable material. The thickness of the breathable film is 0.004-0.006mm. The breathable film has ventilation holes, which are generally located at the top with their openings facing upwards. This allows the seeds to grow normally after germination by passing through the ventilation holes, avoiding the film from affecting growth. The diameter of the ventilation holes is preferably 8-10mm, but can be adjusted according to different soil conditions. This achieves uniform thickness and undamaged coating of the pellets. The coating does not damage the moisture content and structure of the pellets, effectively maintaining moisture while ensuring good air permeability, and preventing excessive water loss in water-scarce soils.

[0025] When covering the outer surface of pellets with a film, either a wrapping method or a spray coating technique can be used. The wrapping method involves wrapping the pellets with a harmless, biodegradable film. The spray coating method involves spraying a layer of coating onto the outer surface of the pellets, which also prevents moisture loss from the pellets, leaving ventilation holes only at the top and bottom for seed growth. Both methods achieve the same technical objective. If the pellets are cylindrical, when using the wrapping method, the breathable film is only wrapped on the sides, with ventilation holes at the top and bottom, reducing the complexity of the coating mechanism.

[0026] S3. Finally, plant the pellets in saline-alkali land, sandy land, grassland, or other similar soils, ensuring the top surface of the pellets is flush with the soil surface. Since the pellets are not covered with soil, are not deeply buried, and have no protrusions, this process prevents seedling emergence from occurring in heavily saline-alkali soils due to soil crusting caused by rain / waterlogging.

[0027] In the specific implementation of this embodiment, the selected nutrient soil is humus soil rich in organic matter, and the soil conditioner is treated desulfurized gypsum. In addition, functional additives specifically for improving saline-alkali land, such as salt-resistant agents, can be added as needed. Regarding the composition ratio of the pellets, the nutrient soil accounts for 25% of the total mass, sand accounts for 50%, the soil conditioner accounts for 3%, the water-retaining agent accounts for 2%, and water accounts for 20%. By adopting a series of standardized process steps such as quantitative feeding, thorough mixing, and compaction, precise control of the weight ratio of the pellet raw materials can be achieved, ensuring that the overall moisture content of the pellets remains stable within the ideal range of 80% to 90% of the field maximum water holding capacity.

[0028] Example 2: like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the special seeder provided by this invention mainly consists of key components such as a frame 1, a seed supply mechanism 2, a feeding mechanism 3, a seed pelleting machine 4, a film covering mechanism 5, a furrowing shovel 6, a seed dropping tube 7, a height limiting plate 701, and a press wheel 8. These components work together to achieve efficient and precise pelleting seeding. The frame 1 serves as the main support and load-bearing body of the entire equipment, on which the seed supply mechanism 2 and the feeding mechanism 3 are arranged sequentially. They are responsible for the continuous and stable supply of seeds and the precise distribution of various seeding auxiliary materials, respectively. The core function of the seed supply mechanism 2 is to continuously and evenly output single seeds, providing a reliable seed source for subsequent pelleting. The top of this mechanism is equipped with a seed hopper made of transparent PC material, which facilitates real-time observation of the remaining seed quantity. The bottom of the hopper is connected to a finger-clamp seed metering device 201, whose housing is firmly fixed to the frame 1 with bolts to ensure stability during operation. The outlet of the finger-clamp seed metering device 201 is connected to the inlet of the seed pelleting machine 4 through a flexible hose to achieve smooth seed delivery.

[0029] The feeding mechanism 3 integrates multiple independent hoppers, including humus hopper, sand and gravel hopper, water-retaining agent hopper, and salt-resistant agent hopper (optional for saline-alkali land), as well as a water tank 12. Each hopper is equipped with a quantitative screw conveyor 301 at its bottom. These conveyors are driven by a variable frequency motor or gearbox, and the output weight of different materials can be precisely controlled by adjusting the speed, thereby achieving mixing according to a preset ratio. The water tank 12 contains a water pump connected to an atomizing nozzle. The nozzle extends into the forming chamber of the seed pellet mill 4. Through precise control of the water pump, water mist can be evenly sprayed onto the mixed materials to achieve the target moisture content, providing suitable humidity conditions for pellet forming.

[0030] The seeds supplied by the seed supply mechanism 2 and the mixture supplied by the material supply mechanism 3 enter the seed pelleting machine 4 to complete the pelleting process. The seed pelleting machine 4 can adopt different structural forms such as roll forming or extrusion forming, depending on actual needs; these are all relatively mature design solutions in existing technology. Inside the pelleting machine, the seeds and surrounding materials are tightly combined under mechanical action to form seed pellets with a certain strength. The formed pellets are discharged from the outlet of the seed pelleting machine 4 and then enter the coating mechanism 5. The coating mechanism 5 is recommended to use existing mature film wrapping technology or spraying technology. The purpose is to cover the outer surface of the pellets with a thin film to prevent moisture loss in water-scarce environments, leaving only ventilation holes at the top for seed growth, protecting the seeds and promoting germination. The outlet of the coating mechanism 5 is connected to the seed drop tube 7, which passes through the frame 1 and extends downwards. Its end is a flexible hose structure, and the outlet is kept at a certain distance from the ground to ensure that the pellets fall smoothly and accurately into the seed furrow.

[0031] A trenching shovel 6 is installed at the bottom of the frame 1 and in front of the seed-dropping tube 7. This trenching shovel features a contour-following design with a narrow body, approximately 4.5 cm wide, slightly larger than the diameter of the pellets, to create suitable trenches in the soil. The trenching shovel 6 is connected to the frame 1 via a spring-loaded telescopic mechanism, allowing it to automatically adjust its height according to ground undulations, maintaining contact with the ground and achieving automatic leveling. During operation, the trenching shovel primarily scrapes away surface soil without deep excavation, ensuring that the pellets falling from the seed-dropping tube 7 are roughly level with the ground surface.

[0032] At the bottom of the frame 1 and behind the seed drop tube 7, there is a height limiting plate 701. The height limiting plate 701 is made of flexible rubber and has a V-shaped structure with the opening facing forward. As the frame 1 moves, the bottom of the height limiting plate 701 deforms with the undulation of the ground and backfills the surrounding soil to the outside of the pellets, while pressing down some of the excessively high pellets to keep them level with the ground.

[0033] In addition, a pressing wheel 8 is provided at the bottom of the frame 1, behind the height limiting plate 701. The pressing wheel 8 is made of hollow rubber material, with a slightly concave wheel surface and a width of about 4 cm. The pressing wheel is connected to the frame through a spring telescopic mechanism, and its pressure can be adjusted as needed to ensure that the pellets are in close contact with the surrounding soil during the pressing process, without pressing the pellets too deeply into the soil, thus avoiding affecting seed germination.

[0034] A shaping screen 9 is also installed at the discharge port of the seed pelleting machine 4. This screen can further compress and shape the initially formed pellets, making them into a more regular cylindrical structure, which is beneficial for subsequent coating and sowing operations. In this embodiment, the frame 1 is designed as a towing structure, with a towing frame 10 at the front end, which can be connected to power machinery such as tractors. The bottom of the frame is equipped with wheels 11, and the front end is also equipped with a transmission box 13. The transmission box 13 is responsible for transmitting power to the wheels and other actuators, realizing the synchronous coordination of actions such as movement, pelleting, coating, and sowing. Meanwhile, a pulse encoder is installed on the wheel 11 to collect the rotation speed of the wheel 11. The transmission box 13 has a built-in central controller and control circuit. The pulse encoder is connected to the central controller for communication. The central controller receives the rotation speed signal of the wheel 11 and controls the wheel 11, seed supply mechanism 2, feeding mechanism 3, seed pelleting machine 4 and film covering mechanism 5 to move synchronously. When the operating speed changes, the central controller controls the motors of each component to respond and can automatically adjust the working rhythm of each link to keep the working rhythm consistent with the walking speed of the wheel 11, thereby ensuring accurate and uniform plant spacing and improving sowing quality and efficiency.

[0035] The work process is as follows: Parameter settings: pellet diameter 3.5cm, moisture content 85% of field maximum water holding capacity, film thickness 0.004mm, aperture 10mm, sowing spacing 16cm, and the upper surface of the pellet flush with the ground surface.

[0036] Materials: 25% humus, 50% sand, 2% water-retaining agent, 20% water; for saline-alkali land, add 3% desulfurized gypsum. Installation: Corn seeds are loaded into the seed supply bin, and other materials are loaded into the corresponding hoppers. The breathable film is rolled up and threaded through. Traction and movement: The tractor pulls the frame forward at a constant speed, and the ground wheels drive the entire machine to move; Seed supply: The seed feeder supplies seeds one by one, and the seeds fall into the center of the forming cylinder; Pelletizing: Material proportioning and conveying - atomization and water replenishment - tumbling and molding - 3.5cm pellet extrusion; Coating: The outer surface of the pellets is covered with a breathable film to form coated pellets; Sowing: Lightly scrape the ground surface with a shaped shovel - place the pellets - keep them level and even - lightly press to adhere, and the sowing is complete.

[0037] Effects: The pellets are uniform, the coating is intact, the sowing depth is precise, and there is no risk of seedling topspin due to crusting. It is suitable for seedling protection needs in saline-alkali soil, sandy soil, and other similar conditions.

[0038] In addition, pelleting and surface coating can also be done in the workshop. The finished pellets are placed in seedling trays, and then the seedling trays are put into the seeder, so that the seeder can complete the sowing of the seed pellets alone. This division of labor can also effectively reduce the load on the seeder by removing the pelleting and surface coating work.

[0039] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nanny-style sowing method, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix seeds, nutrient soil, sand, soil conditioner, water-retaining agent and water to make pellets; S2. Cover the outer surface of the pellet with a breathable film, and the breathable film has breathable holes; S3. Plant the pellets in the soil so that the upper surface of the pellets is flush with the surface of the soil.

2. The nanny-style sowing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nutrient soil is humus soil.

3. The nanny-style sowing method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The soil conditioner is desulfurized gypsum.

4. The nanny-style sowing method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The weight percentage of the nutrient soil in the pellets is 25%, the weight percentage of the sand is 50%, the weight percentage of the soil conditioner is 3%, the weight percentage of the water-retaining agent is 2%, and the weight percentage of the water is 20%.

5. The nanny-style sowing method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pellets are spherical or cylindrical in shape, with the air vents opening upwards, and the diameter of the pellets is 3-4 cm.

6. The nanny-style sowing method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The breathable membrane is made of a biodegradable material, the thickness of the breathable membrane is 0.004-0.006 mm, and the diameter of the breathable pores is 8-10 mm.

7. A dedicated seeder, including a frame, suitable for the "nanny-style" seeding method as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: The frame is equipped with a seed supply mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a seed pelleting machine, a film covering mechanism, a furrowing shovel, a seed dropping tube, and a height limiting plate. The seed supply mechanism and the feeding mechanism are connected to the inlet of the seed pelleting machine, which is used to produce pellets. The outlet of the seed pelleting machine is connected to the inlet of the film covering mechanism, which is used to cover the outside of the pellets with a breathable film. The outlet of the film covering mechanism is connected to the seed dropping tube, which passes through the frame and extends downward. The furrowing shovel is located at the bottom of the frame and in front of the seed dropping tube. The height limiting plate is located at the bottom of the frame and behind the seed dropping tube. The height limiting plate is made of flexible material and presses downward against the ground.

8. The special seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frame is also equipped with a pressing wheel, which is located at the bottom of the frame and behind the height limiting plate.

9. The special seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The seed pelleting machine is equipped with a shaped screen at its discharge port.

10. The special seeder according to claim 7, characterized in that: The frame is a traction structure with a traction frame at the front end and wheels at the bottom. A pulse encoder is installed on the wheel to collect the rotational speed of the wheel. The pulse encoder is communicatively connected to a central controller. The central controller receives the rotational speed signal of the wheel and controls the wheels, the seed supply mechanism, the feeding mechanism, the seed pelleting machine, and the film covering mechanism to operate synchronously.

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