High-precision laser cutting machine

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser cutting devices, and relates to a high-precision laser cutting machine which comprises a machine base, a laser cutting head fixedly connected with a first nut body arranged on a first lead screw of a first ball screw unit, a second ball screw unit and a pair of supporting assemblies. The second lead screw of the second ball screw unit is oppositely arranged above the first lead screw. The two supporting assemblies are oppositely arranged on the left side and the right side of the second nut body arranged on the second lead screw. Each supporting assembly comprises a sliding base and a self-lubricating sleeve part. The sliding base is matched with the machine base through a rail structure extending leftwards and rightwards. The two sliding seats are fixed to the second nut body through connecting rods respectively. The self-lubricating sleeve part comprises a shell and a self-lubricating sleeve body arranged in the shell, the first lead screw is sleeved with the self-lubricating sleeve body, and the shell is fixedly connected with the sliding base. According to the device, follow-up supporting can be carried out on the positions near the two sides of the nut body on the lead screw bearing the laser cutting head, and the rigidity of the lead screw in the running state can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser cutting device technology, and specifically relates to a high-precision laser cutting machine. Background Technology

[0002] High-precision laser cutting machines are high-end manufacturing equipment integrating laser optics, precision mechanics, CNC, and automation technologies. Their core function is to achieve micron-level precision non-contact material cutting using an extremely fine, high-energy laser beam. They are primarily used for precision machining of thin metals and non-metals where extremely high precision and edge quality are required. The performance of the transmission system (which carries the laser cutting head) directly affects processing accuracy, cut surface quality, and production efficiency. In existing technologies, laser cutting machines requiring long strokes and high operating speeds primarily employ two linear transmission methods: rack and pinion drives and ball screw drives. Rack and pinion drives offer advantages such as unrestricted stroke and allow for extremely high speeds, making them a common solution for large, high-speed CNC equipment. However, rack and pinion drives also have inherent drawbacks. The meshing of the gears and rack inevitably creates minute backlash, which cannot be completely eliminated even with backlash-eliminating structures. Consequently, during high-speed reciprocating motion, especially during frequent reversals and acceleration / deceleration, this micro-backlash can lead to vibration and impact, generating noise and affecting stability. Furthermore, transmission accuracy is also limited by the manufacturing and installation precision of the rack itself, making it difficult to achieve stable and reliable micron-level positioning, and its accuracy decays rapidly after long-term wear. Consequently, for precision cutting applications requiring precise contour control and high surface quality, the insufficient dynamic accuracy of rack and pinion drives becomes a major bottleneck. While ball screw drives, as a widely used and highly efficient precision transmission method, are not as capable as rack and pinion drives in terms of high-speed operation and long-stroke travel, they have significant advantages in achieving dynamic high-precision machining.

[0003] Currently, in applications demanding extended stroke, high operating speed, and high machining accuracy, ball screw drives are the most common linear transmission mechanism in laser cutting machines. However, as the axial length of the ball screw increases, its insufficient axial stiffness and vibration resistance become increasingly apparent, potentially leading to significant dynamic deformation of the screw lever and excessive head vibration. This makes it impossible to simultaneously meet the demands of high operating speed and high machining accuracy. Therefore, further increases in stroke and operating speed are inevitably limited for laser cutting machines requiring long stroke, high operating speed, and high machining accuracy. There is an urgent need to design a high-precision laser cutting machine that can improve the rigidity of the screw, thereby better balancing the requirements of long stroke, high (operating) speed, and high (machining) accuracy, enabling it to achieve micron-level precise machining control and maintain good machining stability during long stroke and high-speed operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a high-precision laser cutting machine that can provide follow-up support for the positions near both sides of the nut body on the lead screw carrying the laser cutting head, which helps to improve the rigidity of the lead screw during operation.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: a high-precision laser cutting machine, including a first ball screw unit fixedly mounted on the machine base, a laser cutting head fixedly connected to a nut body disposed on the screw of the first ball screw unit, a second ball screw unit fixedly mounted on the machine base, and a pair of support components.

[0006] The second ball screw unit has its second screw positioned above the first screw. Two support components are positioned opposite each other on the left and right sides of the nut body two mounted on the second screw.

[0007] Each support component includes a slide and a self-lubricating sleeve. The slide and the machine base are matched by a track structure extending to the left and right. The two slides are respectively fixed to the nut body two by connecting rods. The self-lubricating sleeve includes a housing and a self-lubricating sleeve body disposed within the housing. The self-lubricating sleeve body is sleeved on the lead screw one, and the housing and the slide are fixedly connected together.

[0008] Both the first and second ball screw units are connected to the control assembly of the high-precision laser cutting machine, enabling the control assembly to control the rotation of the two screws in a coordinated manner. This allows nut body one and nut body two to move synchronously in the left and right directions, supporting the support assembly to move relative to screw one simultaneously with nut body one. This allows the support assembly to provide real-time support for a section of the screw lever near the position of nut body one.

[0009] Optionally, the lower part of the slide is provided with a connecting arm one. The upper part of the housing of the self-lubricating sleeve is provided with a connecting arm two. The connecting arm one and the connecting arm two are connected together by a mating structure that can apply an elastic preload / elastic force in the vertical direction to the self-lubricating sleeve.

[0010] Optionally, the docking structure includes a connecting cylinder disposed at the lower part of the connecting arm, a pre-tensioning spring sleeved at the lower part of the connecting cylinder, and a frame body disposed at the upper part of the connecting arm.

[0011] The upper end of the connecting cylinder is provided with a threaded countersunk hole that matches the threaded rod section on the connecting arm, and the lower end is provided with a disc-shaped body.

[0012] The top plate of the frame body is provided with a through hole for the connecting cylinder to pass through, and the inner diameter of the through hole is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder.

[0013] The disc-shaped body is placed inside the cavity of the mold frame, with both ends of the preload spring contacting and matching the lower end face of the top plate and the upper end face of the disc-shaped body, respectively. By screwing on the upper part of the connecting cylinder to control the length of the threaded rod section screwed into the threaded countersunk hole, the initial compression degree of the preload spring can be adjusted and controlled, thereby achieving the adjustment and setting of the vertical preload applied to the self-lubricating sleeve.

[0014] Optionally, a tapered boss coaxial with the through hole is formed on the lower end face of the top plate. The small diameter end of the tapered boss faces downward. The outer diameter of the lower end of the tapered boss is smaller than the inner diameter of the preload spring, and the outer diameter of the upper end is larger than the inner diameter of the preload spring, so that the upper end of the preload spring can contact and match the annular conical surface of the tapered boss.

[0015] Optionally, an elastic sleeve is fitted in the middle of the connecting kit, and the elastic sleeve is kept in the state of being inserted into the through hole.

[0016] Optionally, it also includes a vibration-absorbing pad fixed on the upper surface of the top plate, and a double ring body disposed on the upper part of the vibration-absorbing pad.

[0017] The vibration-absorbing pad is made of elastic material and has a multi-stage axial hole at its center. The minimum inner diameter of the multi-stage axial hole is not less than the inner diameter of the first through hole.

[0018] The double-ring body includes an inner ring body, an outer ring body, and multiple elastic deformable bodies radially connected between the two ring bodies and distributed alternately around the circumference. The outer ring body is fixed at the upper port of the multi-stage shaft hole by multiple studs distributed alternately around the circumference, and the inner ring body is coaxially arranged with the through hole, and the inner diameter of the inner ring body is consistent with the outer diameter of the main body of the connecting cylinder.

[0019] During assembly, the connecting cylinder should pass through the inner diameter of the inner ring body and the through hole one sequentially from top to bottom, and the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring body should be in contact with and match the outer circumferential surface of the main body of the connecting cylinder.

[0020] Optionally, an inner wedge surface is formed on the vibration-absorbing pad at the upper port of the multi-stage shaft hole. Correspondingly, an outer wedge surface is formed at the lower edge of the outer ring body. The outer wedge surface can be inserted into the port of the inner wedge surface and establish a profile contact matching relationship.

[0021] The outer ring body is provided with multiple through holes three that correspond one-to-one with the studs, and the inner diameter of the through holes three is larger than the outer diameter of the studs.

[0022] Each stud is fitted with a spring, with both ends of the spring contacting the upper end face of the outer ring and the lower end face of the stud nut, respectively. This allows the spring to push against the outer ring, ensuring that the outer wedge surface and the inner wedge surface maintain a surface contact match.

[0023] Optionally, it also includes a cap fixed on the vibration-absorbing pad and capable of sealing the double ring body inside it. The cap has a shaft hole at its center that matches the connecting cylinder, and a sealing ring is provided between the shaft hole and the opposite circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder.

[0024] Optionally, the cap may be made of an elastic material with shock absorption and damping capabilities.

[0025] Optionally, a radially outwardly extending annular flange one is formed on the vibration-absorbing pad, and a radially outwardly extending annular flange two is formed at the lower end of the cap. The annular flange one and the annular flange two are arranged opposite each other and fixedly connected together.

[0026] A concave notch is formed at the root of the annular flange. The notch allows the annular flange to undergo elastic deformation relatively easily at its root.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The high-precision laser cutting machine involved in this application can provide follow-up support for the positions near the left and right sides of the nut body on the lead screw that carries the laser cutting head, which helps to improve the rigidity of the lead screw in the running state, suppress the degree of dynamic deformation of the lead screw, and thus suppress the excessive vibration of the laser cutting head. This helps the laser cutting machine to meet the practical needs of high operating speed and high processing accuracy while taking into account a larger stroke. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 1 at the connection point between the slide and the self-lubricating sleeve.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point I in the middle.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of Embodiment 2 at the connection point between the slide and the self-lubricating sleeve.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point II.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic cross-sectional view (front view) showing the relative positions of the vibration-absorbing pad, double ring, and cap in their separate state.

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the main view cross-sectional structure of the double-ring body.

[0035] Figure 8This is a top view of the double-ring structure.

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the main view cross-sectional structure of the vibration-absorbing pad.

[0037] Figure 10 This is a top view of the vibration-absorbing pad.

[0038] In the diagram: 100 Base; 200 First ball screw unit, 201 Screw 1, 202 Guide rod 1, 203 Nut body 1; 300 Laser cutting head; 400 Second ball screw unit, 401 Screw 2, 402 Guide rod 2, 403 Nut body 2, 404 Connecting rod; 500 Support assembly, 501 Slide, 5011 Connecting arm 1, 5012 Threaded rod segment, 5013 Spring-shaped sleeve, 502 Self-lubricating sleeve, 5021 Connecting arm 2; 10 Connecting cylinder, 11 Threaded countersunk hole, 12 Disc-shaped body, 13 Prismatic face; 20 Preload spring; Type 30 frame, Type 31 top plate, Type 311 through hole one, Type 312 conical boss; Type 40 elastic sleeve; Type 50 vibration damping pad, Type 51 multi-stage shaft hole, Type 511 through hole two, Type 52 annular flange one, Type 53 notch, Type 54 inner wedge surface; Type 60 double ring body, Type 61 inner ring body, Type 611 shaft hole one, Type 62 outer ring body, Type 621 through hole three, Type 622 stud, Type 623 spring component, Type 63 elastic deformable body, Type 64 outer wedge surface; Type 70 cap, Type 71 shaft hole two, Type 711 sealing ring, Type 72 annular flange two, Type 73 bolt component, Type 731 nut component, Type 74 pleated part. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, provided they do not affect the effectiveness or purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed herein. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0040] like Figures 1 to 10The high-precision laser cutting machine shown includes a first ball screw unit 200 fixedly mounted on a base 100, a laser cutting head 300 fixedly connected to a nut body 203 disposed on a lead screw 201 of the first ball screw unit 200, a second ball screw unit 400 fixedly mounted on the base 100, and a pair of support components 500. A second lead screw 401 on the second ball screw unit 400 is positioned directly above the lead screw 201. The two support components 500 are positioned on the left and right sides of the nut body 403 disposed on the lead screw 401. As is common knowledge, each of the two ball screw units also has guide rods (i.e., guide rod 202 and guide rod 402 in the figure) corresponding to the two nut bodies, which guide and constrain the movement direction of the two nut bodies.

[0041] As a conventional design, the base 100 can move along different tracks on the body of the laser cutting machine in multiple directions (such as front-back, left-right, and up-down directions), thereby sending the laser cutting head 300 to different positions in space, enabling processing operations in three-dimensional space. Based on the aforementioned conventional design, the first ball screw unit 200, which carries and drives the laser cutting head 300 to move directly (reciprocating axially), is fixedly mounted on the base 100. Under the drive of its corresponding matching motor, when the screw 201 rotates, it drives the nut body 203, which is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head 300, to move reciprocally relative to the screw 201 along the axial direction, enabling the laser cutting head 300 to move reciprocally in different directions in space. It should be emphasized that the detailed / specific mating structure between the first ball screw unit 200, the second ball screw unit 400 and the machine base 100, as well as the specific fixed connection structure between the laser cutting head 300 and the nut body 203, can all refer to existing technologies. The innovative aspect of this application is the use of a dual-screw mating configuration.

[0042] Each support assembly 500 includes a slide block 501 and a self-lubricating sleeve 502. The slide block 501 is matched with the base 100 via a track structure extending left and right. The two slide blocks 501 are respectively fixed to the second nut body 403 via multiple connecting rods 404, allowing the slide block 501 to be driven by the second nut body 403 and to reciprocate synchronously with the second nut body 403 relative to the second lead screw 401. The self-lubricating sleeve 502 includes a housing and a self-lubricating sleeve body fixed within the housing. The self-lubricating sleeve body is sleeved on the first lead screw 201, and the housing is fixedly connected to the slide block 501. The self-lubricating sleeve body is an existing component / component; after being sleeved on the first lead screw 201, it can move relative to the first lead screw 201 (simultaneously / synchronously with the first nut body 203), and its self-lubricating properties can significantly reduce the frictional resistance between its contact surface and the first lead screw 201.

[0043] Both the first ball screw unit 200 and the second ball screw unit 400 are connected to the control assembly of the high-precision laser cutting machine, so that the control assembly can control the rotation of the two screws (i.e., screw one 201 and screw two 401, the same below) in a coordinated manner, so that the nut body one 203 and the nut body two 403 can move synchronously (in the same direction and at the same speed) in the left and right directions, so as to support the support component 500 to move back and forth relative to the screw one 201 simultaneously with the nut body one 203, so that the support component 500 can support a section of the screw lever body on the screw one 201 near the position of the nut body one 203 in real time.

[0044] Because the lead screw 201 needs to have a longer stroke (i.e., the axial length of the lead screw 201 will increase based on the existing conventional design dimensions), in order to ensure that the support assembly 500 can move in tandem with the nut body 203 throughout the entire stroke, the lead screw 401 also needs to be configured with a longer length. This results in relatively poor axial rigidity of the lead screw 401, causing significant dynamic deformation, which may lead to excessive vibration of the lead screw 401 and the nut body 203. Therefore, to reduce the relatively increased axial length of the lead screw 401, which makes it prone to excessive vibration and may adversely affect the (stable and smooth) transmission performance of the lead screw 201 and the nut body 203, the following optimization design can be made.

[0045] like Figures 2 to 10As shown, a connecting arm 5011 is provided at the lower part of the slide block 501. A connecting arm 5021 is provided at the upper part of the housing of the self-lubricating sleeve 502. The connecting arm 5011 can be integrally formed with the slide block 501. The connecting arm 5021 can be integrally formed with the housing of the self-lubricating sleeve 502. A shaped hole can be formed on the connecting arm 5011, and the shaped hole corresponds to and matches the lead screw 401. Specifically, the lead screw 401 passes through the cavity of the shaped hole (in the left-right direction), and a large gap is formed between the outer peripheral surface of the lead screw 401 and the inner wall of the cavity, so that their opposing surfaces cannot contact each other. In this way, the support assembly 500, or the slide block 501, is only connected to the nut body 403 as a whole through the connecting rod 404, and there is no contact relationship between it and the lead screw 401. During the left and right movement of the slide block 501 relative to the lead screw 401, there is no contact frictional resistance between the two.

[0046] The first connecting arm 5011 and the second connecting arm 5021 are connected by a docking structure that can apply an elastic preload / elastic force in the vertical direction to the self-lubricating sleeve 502. Specifically, the docking structure includes a connecting cylinder 10 located at the lower part of the first connecting arm 5011, a preload spring 20 (or preload spring) sleeved at the lower part of the connecting cylinder 10, and a frame body 30 located at the upper part of the second connecting arm 5021.

[0047] The upper end of the connecting cylinder 10 is provided with a threaded countersunk hole 11 that matches the threaded rod segment 5012 on the connecting arm 5011, and the lower end is provided with a disc-shaped body 12. The threaded rod segment 5012 and the connecting arm 5011 are integrally formed, and a spring-shaped sleeve 5013 is fitted at the root of the threaded rod segment 5012. The outer diameter of the disc-shaped body 12 is significantly larger than the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder 10. The top plate 31 of the frame 30 is provided with a through hole 311 through which the connecting cylinder 10 (its body) passes vertically, and the inner diameter of the through hole 311 is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder 10.

[0048] The disc-shaped body 12 is placed inside the cavity of the mold frame 30, close to the bottom surface of the cavity, and the two ends of the preload spring 20 are respectively in contact with the lower end surface of the top plate 31 and the upper end surface of the disc-shaped body 12. By screwing the prismatic face 13 on the upper part of the connecting cylinder 10, the length of the threaded rod segment 5012 screwed into the threaded countersunk hole 11 can be controlled, thereby controlling the initial compression degree of the preload spring 20 and adjusting the range of the preload / pre-action force applied to the self-lubricating sleeve 502 in the vertical direction.

[0049] Because the vertical height of the frame 30 is less than the length / vertical height / axial length of the connecting cylinder 10, the disc-shaped body 12 is conveniently located inside the frame 30, and the body of the connecting cylinder 10 can pass through the through hole 311. Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the connecting cylinder 10 is configured as a split structure (such as an upper column and a lower column), and the two parts (such as the upper column and the lower column) are fixedly connected as a whole by a threaded structure and / or welding / bonding. The threaded countersunk hole 11 is provided on the upper end face of the upper column, and the disc-shaped body 12 is integrally formed on the lower end of the lower column. Matching threaded hole structures and threaded boss structures are provided between the opposite ends of the upper column and the lower column to fix the opposite ends of the two (i.e., the upper column and the lower column) together. The height / axial length of the lower column is less than the cavity height of the frame body 30.

[0050] The vibration caused by the dynamic deformation of the second lead screw 401 is transmitted to the second nut body 403, and then through the connecting rod 404 to the slide block 501, and from the slide block 501 to the connecting arm 5011. During the transmission process, the vibration energy is significantly weakened by the interference of the slide block 501 (causing the vertically downward transmission of vibration energy). Furthermore, when the vibration continues to be transmitted downward after reaching the connecting arm 5011, it is greatly absorbed and dissipated by interference from elastic preload and other forces, thereby suppressing / reducing the adverse effects of the vibration on the first lead screw 201.

[0051] A tapered boss 312, coaxial with the through hole 311, is formed on the lower end surface of the top plate 31. The small-diameter end of the tapered boss 312 faces downward. The outer diameter of the lower end of the tapered boss 312 is smaller than the inner diameter of the preload spring 20, and the outer diameter of the upper end is larger than the inner diameter of the preload spring 20. This allows the upper end of the preload spring 20 to contact and match the annular conical surface of the tapered boss 312. The aforementioned modification can improve the energy dissipation / vibration damping capability of the preload spring 20, that is, it can cause the axial energy of the preload spring 20 to deflect relative to (absolutely) the vertical direction (any rotation around a 360-degree angle), so that it can play an elastic energy dissipation role in multiple composite directions such as vertical and radial directions. At the same time, it can also cause significant relative friction between the upper part of the preload spring 20 and the contact surface of the tapered boss 312, resulting in a frictional energy dissipation / vibration damping process.

[0052] like Figure 2 , Figure 3As shown, an elastic sleeve 40 can be fitted onto the middle of the connecting kit 10, and the elastic sleeve 40 can be kept in the state of being inserted into the through hole 311. The elastic sleeve 40 and the connecting kit 10, and the elastic sleeve 40 and the through hole 311 are both formed with an interference fit relationship.

[0053] like Figures 4 to 10 As shown, a damping / elastic energy-absorbing structure composed of vibration-absorbing pads 50 and double rings 60 can be provided at the lower middle position of the top plate 31 of the frame body 30 and the connecting cylinder 10 to dissipate and absorb vibration energy, thereby further reducing the amount of vibration energy that can be transmitted to the self-lubricating sleeve 502, that is, reducing the adverse effects of vibration (energy / intensity) transmitted to the self-lubricating sleeve 502 on the lead screw 201.

[0054] After setting the preload spring 20 and the elastic sleeve 40, and setting the preload spring 20 and the damping / elastic energy absorption structure composed of the vibration absorption pad 50, the double ring body 60, etc., the vibration energy that may be transmitted to the self-lubricating sleeve 502 can be further dissipated / consumed by the elastic deformation of the material, thereby further weakening the adverse effects of the vibration energy from the second lead screw 401 on the first lead screw 201.

[0055] like Figures 4 to 10 As shown, a vibration-absorbing pad 50 is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the top plate 31, and a double ring body 60 is provided on the upper part of the vibration-absorbing pad 50.

[0056] The vibration-absorbing pad 50 is made of an elastic material and has a multi-stage axial hole 51 at its center. Preferably, the minimum inner diameter of the multi-stage axial hole 51 is significantly larger than the inner diameter of the first through hole 311. Multiple second through holes 511 are provided on the inner bottom surface of the multi-stage axial hole 51 (e.g., at the center) in an alternating circumferential arrangement. Correspondingly, the top plate 31 has multiple threaded countersunk holes that correspond one-to-one with the second through holes 511. An inner wedge surface 54 is formed on the vibration-absorbing pad 50 at the upper end of the multi-stage axial hole 51.

[0057] The vibration-absorbing pad 50 can be made of the following materials: Rubber with large elastic deformation and good vibration absorption, vibration isolation and buffering effects (natural rubber, nitrile rubber, chloroprene rubber, etc.). Temperature-resistant, aging-resistant, and shock-absorbing soft silicone; Polyurethane (PU) combines elasticity and strength, and has good vibration absorption. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) have a certain degree of elasticity and toughness, and can absorb vibration and resist impact. Lightweight, elastic, and shock-absorbing EVA foam; Porous structures dissipate energy during deformation, such as polyurethane foam and rubber sponge for vibration isolation and sound absorption.

[0058] The double-ring body 60 includes an inner ring body 61, an outer ring body 62, and a plurality of elastic deformable bodies 63 radially connected between the two ring bodies (i.e., the inner ring body 61 and the outer ring body 62, hereinafter the same) and distributed alternately around the circumference. The double-ring body 60 can be made of metal or elastic materials such as rubber, silicone, PU, ​​PE, and PP. When the double-ring body 60 is made of metal, the elastic deformable bodies 63 can be specifically thin plates (thickness within 4 mm, preferably within 2 mm), and the thin plates can be arranged parallel to the end faces of the double-ring body 60. Groove structures can be provided on the upper and lower end faces of the thin plates to form a wavy plate surface, thereby making its elastic deformation capacity in both radial and axial / vertical directions more prominent.

[0059] The inner ring 61 is coaxially arranged with the through hole 311, and its inner diameter (i.e., the inner diameter of the shaft hole 611 shown in the figure) is consistent with the outer diameter of the main body of the connecting cylinder 10. During assembly, the connecting cylinder 10 can pass through the shaft hole 611 and the through hole 311 of the inner ring 61 sequentially from top to bottom, and the inner circumferential surface of the inner ring 61 can contact and match with the outer circumferential surface of the main body of the connecting cylinder 10. The outer ring 62 is fixed at the upper port of the multi-stage shaft hole 51 by a plurality of studs 622 distributed circumferentially. Specifically, the outer ring 62 is provided with a plurality of through holes 621 corresponding to the studs 622, and the inner diameter of the through holes 621 is larger than the outer diameter of the studs 622. An outer wedge surface 64 is formed at the lower edge of the outer ring 62.

[0060] To increase the friction between the contact surfaces of the connecting cylinder 10 and the inner ring 61, the inner wall surface of the shaft hole 611 can be made into a rough frosted surface or an elastic rubber ring can be provided. In this way, the connecting cylinder 10 can transmit more axial / vertical vibrations to the inner ring 61, causing the elastic deformable body 63 to undergo elastic deformation to dissipate vibration energy. The elastic deformable body 63 is arranged radially, including cases where it is absolutely radial and cases where it is deviated from the absolute radial direction; the deviation angle can be controlled at approximately 6 degrees or approximately 3 degrees.

[0061] Each stud 622 is fitted with a spring member 623, and the two ends of the spring member 623 are respectively in contact with the upper end face of the outer ring body 62 and the lower end face of the nut of the stud 622, so that the spring member 623 can push the outer ring body 62 to make the outer wedge surface 64 and the inner wedge surface 54 maintain a surface contact matching state.

[0062] This allows for a one-to-one correspondence between the second through hole 511 and the third through hole 621, with the inner diameter of the third through hole 621 being larger than that of the second through hole 511. During assembly, the smooth cylindrical section of the stud 622 corresponds to both the third through hole 621 and the second through hole 511, and the inner circumferential surface of the second through hole 511 contacts and matches the outer circumferential surface of the smooth cylindrical section of the stud 622. The external threaded section of the stud 622 corresponds to and matches the countersunk thread structure provided on the top plate 31, thereby fixing and restricting the vibration-absorbing pad 50 to the top plate 31.

[0063] In the above-mentioned solution of this application, not only is the vibration-absorbing pad 50 used to absorb and dampen vibration (it can play a role in multiple directions such as axial and radial directions), but at least one type of (mechanical / physical) elastic deformation structure is also provided to absorb vibration and dissipate energy (mainly in the radial direction, and the friction energy dissipation between the wedge surfaces includes energy dissipation in the axial and radial directions), which can significantly reduce the vibration intensity (including radial vibration intensity and axial vibration intensity) transmitted to the top plate 31.

[0064] The connecting cylinder 10 contacts and matches the inner ring 61. When vibration transmitted to the connecting cylinder 10 causes the inner ring 61 to move radially, it can cause the elastic deformable body 63 to dissipate energy through elastic deformation, and / or simultaneously cause the outer ring 62 to move relative to the vibration-absorbing pad 50, while dissipating energy through friction between the two wedge surfaces (i.e., the inner wedge surface 54 and the outer wedge surface 64, hereinafter the same). Therefore, the difference between the inner diameter of the through hole 621 and the outer diameter of the smooth column section of the stud 622 needs to be sufficiently large. Both wedge surfaces can be annular wedge surfaces, see [reference]. Figure 9 , Figure 10 .

[0065] To prevent dust, such as Figure 4 middle Figure 10 The illustrated scheme also includes a cap 70 fixedly mounted on the vibration-absorbing pad 50 and capable of enclosing the double-ring body 60 within it. A second shaft hole 71, corresponding to and matching the connecting cylinder 10, is provided at the top center of the cap 70, and a sealing ring 711 is provided between the second shaft hole 71 and the opposing circumferential surfaces of the connecting cylinder 10. The cap 70 is made of an elastic material with vibration-absorbing and damping capabilities. Reference can be made to some of the materials listed above regarding the manufacturing materials of the vibration-absorbing pad 50, such as rubber, silicone, polyurethane (PU), EVA foam, polyurethane foam, rubber sponge, etc.

[0066] A radially outwardly extending annular flange 52 is formed on the upper part of the vibration-absorbing pad 50, and a corresponding radially outwardly extending annular flange 72 is formed at the lower end of the cap 70. The inner diameter at the lower end of the cap 70 is smaller than the inner diameter of the annular flange 52 (i.e., the inner diameter at the root). The annular flange 52 and the annular flange 72 are arranged vertically opposite each other and fixedly connected together. Specifically, multiple through-hole structures with vertically opposite orientations are provided on the two annular flanges, and these multiple through-hole structures are distributed alternately around the circumference, and bolts 73 are respectively provided on each of them. The screw of the bolt 73 can pass through the through-hole structures on the two annular flanges, and a nut 731 is provided at the exposed end to fix the two annular flanges together, that is, to fix the lower end of the cap 70 to the annular flange 52 of the vibration-absorbing pad 50. To facilitate elastic deformation of the annular flange 52 caused by the movement / vibration of the cap 70, a concave notch 53 can be formed at the root of the annular flange 52. The weak area formed by the notch 53 allows the annular flange 52 to undergo elastic deformation relatively easily at its root, thus playing an energy-dissipating and vibration-damping role. To further enhance the vibration-damping capability of the cap 70, a pleated portion 74 can be formed at the root of the cap cavity.

[0067] In summary, the high-precision laser cutting machine of this application has a base 100 that can move along a track in multiple directions on the machine body, thereby sending the laser cutting head 300 to different positions for processing in three-dimensional space. A first ball screw unit 200, which carries and drives the laser cutting head 300 in direct (reciprocating) motion, is fixedly mounted on the base 100. When the motor drives the lead screw 201 to rotate, it drives the nut body 203, which is fixedly connected to the laser cutting head 300, to reciprocate axially relative to the lead screw 201. During this process, a second ball screw unit 401, also fixedly mounted on the base 100 and located above the first ball screw unit 200, rotates synchronously with the lead screw 201 under the drive of its corresponding matching motor, driving the nut body 403 to reciprocate axially relative to the lead screw 401. Both ball screw units have motors equipped with encoders, enabling the two nut bodies (nut body 1 203 and nut body 2 403, hereinafter the same) to move synchronously in the same direction and at the same speed. Furthermore, the support components 500 fixedly connected to the left and right sides of nut body 2 403 provide follow-up support to the ball screw 201 during the movement of the two nut bodies relative to the screw. The follow-up support components 500 support a section of the ball screw 201 near the real-time position of nut body 203, suppressing the dynamic deformation of this section of the ball screw from reaching or approaching excessive degradation. This helps prevent excessive vibration of the laser cutting head 300, thereby improving the rigidity of the ball screw 201 (in operation). This allows it to better meet the performance requirements of long stroke, high (operating) speed, and high (machining) precision, enabling micron-level precise machining control and maintaining good machining stability during long stroke and high-speed movement. In summary, the support component 500 can suppress the more pronounced sagging in the middle region of the lead screw 201 due to its own weight when the lead screw 201 has a relatively longer axial length, and prevent the laser cutting head 300 from moving to the vicinity of the middle region of the lead screw 201 and causing excessive dynamic deformation. This effectively compensates for / improves the insufficient axial stiffness and vibration resistance of the lead screw 201 after its axial length is further increased. Therefore, this invention effectively overcomes some practical problems in the prior art and thus has high utilization value and practical significance.

[0068] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Many aspects of the present invention can be improved without departing from the overall concept. Those skilled in the art can modify or change the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision laser cutting machine, comprising a first ball screw unit (200) fixedly mounted on a base (100), and a laser cutting head (300) fixedly connected to a nut body (203) disposed on a screw (201) of the first ball screw unit (200); characterized in that: It also includes a second ball screw unit (400) fixed on the base (100), and a pair of support components (500). The second ball screw unit (400) has a second screw (401) positioned above the first screw (201); Two support components (500) are positioned opposite each other on the left and right sides of the nut body (403) mounted on the lead screw (401); Each support component (500) includes a slide (501) and a self-lubricating sleeve (502). The slide (501) and the base (100) are matched by a track structure that extends to the left and right; the two slides (501) are respectively fixed together with the nut body (403) by the connecting rod (404); The self-lubricating sleeve (502) includes a housing and a self-lubricating sleeve body disposed in the housing. The self-lubricating sleeve body is sleeved on the lead screw (201), and the housing is fixedly connected to the slide (501).

2. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slide (501) is provided with a connecting arm 1 (5011); the self-lubricating sleeve (502) is provided with a connecting arm 2 (5021); the connecting arm 1 (5011) and the connecting arm 2 (5021) are connected together by a docking structure that can apply an elastic force in the vertical direction to the self-lubricating sleeve (502).

3. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The docking structure includes a connecting cylinder (10) located at the lower part of the connecting arm one (5011), a pre-tensioning spring (20) sleeved at the lower part of the connecting cylinder (10), and a frame body (30) located at the upper part of the connecting arm two (5021). The upper end of the connecting cylinder (10) is provided with a threaded countersunk hole (11) that matches the threaded rod section (5012) on the connecting arm (5011), and the lower end is provided with a disc-shaped body (12). The top plate (31) of the frame body (30) is provided with a through hole (311) for the connecting cylinder (10) to pass through, and the inner diameter of the through hole (311) is larger than the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder (10); The disc-shaped body (12) is placed in the cavity of the mold frame body (30), and the two ends of the preload spring (20) are respectively in contact with the lower end face of the top plate (31) and the upper end face of the disc-shaped body (12).

4. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: A tapered boss (312) coaxial with the through hole (311) is formed on the lower end face of the top plate (31); the small diameter end of the tapered boss (312) faces downward; the upper end of the preload spring (20) is in contact with the annular tapered surface of the tapered boss (312).

5. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: An elastic sleeve (40) is fitted in the middle of the connecting kit (10), and the elastic sleeve (40) is kept in the state of being inserted into the through hole (311).

6. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a vibration-absorbing pad (50) fixed on the upper surface of the top plate (31), and a double ring body (60) on the upper part of the vibration-absorbing pad (50). The vibration damping pad (50) is made of elastic material and has a multi-stage shaft hole (51) with a minimum inner diameter not less than the inner diameter of the through hole (311). The double ring body (60) includes an inner ring body (61), an outer ring body (62), and a plurality of elastic deformable bodies (63) that are radially connected between the two ring bodies and distributed alternately around the circumference; the outer ring body (62) is fixed at the upper port of the multi-stage shaft hole (51) by a plurality of studs (622) distributed alternately around the circumference, and the inner ring body (61) is coaxially arranged with the through hole (311), and the inner diameter of the inner ring body (61) is consistent with the outer diameter of the connecting cylinder (10).

7. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: An inner wedge surface (54) is formed on the vibration damping pad (50) and at the upper port of the multi-stage shaft hole (51); an outer wedge surface (64) is formed at the lower edge of the outer ring body (62). The outer ring body (62) is provided with a plurality of through holes (621) that correspond to and match the stud (622), and the inner diameter of the through holes (621) is larger than the outer diameter of the stud (622); Springs (623) are fitted on studs (622), and the two ends of the springs (623) are in contact with the outer ring (62) and the nut of the stud (622) respectively, so that the springs (623) can push the outer ring (62) and make the outer wedge surface (64) and the inner wedge surface (54) maintain a contact matching state.

8. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: It also includes a cap (70) fixed on the vibration damping pad (50) and capable of sealing the double ring body (60) inside it; the cap (70) is provided with a shaft hole that matches the connecting cylinder (10), and a sealing ring (711) is provided between the shaft hole and the opposite circumferential surface of the connecting cylinder (10).

9. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The cap (70) is made of an elastic material with shock absorption and damping capabilities.

10. The high-precision laser cutting machine according to claim 8, characterized in that: The vibration damping pad (50) and the lower end of the cap (70) are respectively formed with radially outwardly extending annular flange one (52) and annular flange two (72), and the annular flange one (52) and annular flange two (72) are arranged opposite each other and fixedly connected together; a concave notch (53) is formed at the root of the annular flange one (52); the notch (53) allows the annular flange one (52) to undergo elastic deformation at its root position.

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