Wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation treatment system and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a real-time monitoring and intelligent separation treatment system for wellhead components. The real-time monitoring and intelligent separation treatment system comprises a pipeline module, a sand removal module, a sand storage module, a valve module, a control module and a connection module. The pipeline module is divided into air inlet, air outlet, liquid discharge, sand discharge, flushing and bypass independent lines; the desanding module comprises two groups of cyclone desanding units which are communicated with the sand storage module through a switchable line; the sand storage module is provided with two sand storage units capable of working alternately. The control module integrates a working condition identification unit, a monitoring acquisition unit, a control decision unit, an execution control unit and a feedback unit, controls the valve module according to sand-containing, flow and pressure signals, and realizes selective communication and automatic switching of each line. According to the system, dynamic matching and alternate operation of the cyclone desanding unit and the sand storage unit are realized, and continuous desanding is kept during sand storage, sand discharge and washing; the backflow and streaming risks are reduced through valve interlocking and a one-way circulation structure, and the continuity, stability and operation safety of a well mouth desanding system are improved through bypass self-adaptive switching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent energy equipment technology, specifically relating to a real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system and operation method for wellhead components. Background Technology

[0002] With the long-term operation of high-sand-content oil and gas wells and gas storage facilities, the operating conditions are characterized by large fluctuations in gas production, frequent changes in sand content, and alternating operation of gas injection and gas production. High-sand-content media components can easily cause erosion, wear, and blockage of subsequent pipelines and equipment during wellhead treatment. Therefore, installing a separation and desanding treatment device at the wellhead has become a standard technical means.

[0003] However, traditional wellhead separation and sand removal technology has the following main problems:

[0004] Existing wellhead desanding systems are mostly configured with a single cyclone desanding unit or a local desanding unit as the core. Their system structure and operation process are usually fixed. Functional pipelines such as air intake, exhaust and sand discharge lack independent division and unified coordination. The linkage between the system and the overall wellhead operating conditions is low. The start-up, shutdown and process switching of the desanding device mainly rely on manual experience or fixed operating parameters. It is difficult to respond in a timely manner to changes in wellhead production flow, sand concentration or fluid composition, resulting in a lag in the overall system response and insufficient desanding continuity and adaptability.

[0005] Meanwhile, the sand storage units of existing wellhead cyclone desandering systems are mostly single-tank structures or simple series connections, and the sand discharge operation relies on manual labor or fixed timed strategies. When the sand accumulation is too rapid or the sand discharge is not timely, problems such as sand overfilling, bottom flow obstruction, or decreased separation efficiency can easily occur, thereby affecting the stable operation of the cyclone desandering unit and even forcing the wellhead treatment system to shut down for treatment, making it difficult to meet the needs of continuous wellhead production.

[0006] Existing wellhead sand removal systems often experience problems such as underflow backflow, pressure fluctuations, and media backflow during sand storage unit switching, sand discharge, or flushing. In multi-branch switching scenarios, the lack of anti-backflow and valve interlocking structures can easily lead to short-term crossflow, misconnection, or flow interruption, resulting in unstable operation of the vortex sand removal unit and even safety risks such as equipment impact, valve damage, or reduced sand removal efficiency.

[0007] Existing wellhead desanding systems typically operate in a relatively simple manner, with parameters set primarily for specific design conditions. They lack the ability to dynamically identify and adaptively adjust based on real-time monitoring signals. When fluctuations occur in the sand content, flow rate, or phase ratio of the incoming flow, the system often fails to automatically identify these changes and match the corresponding operating mode, frequently requiring manual intervention or system reconfiguration. This makes it difficult to achieve dynamic matching and adaptive operation between the desanding and storage units. In some wellhead production conditions, the sand concentration in the incoming medium may be at a low level or in a phased decline. Under such conditions, maintaining the cyclone desanding module in operation not only increases system pressure drop and energy consumption but may also exacerbate equipment wear. Existing wellhead desanding systems generally lack an operational strategy that can automatically determine whether to activate the desanding module based on real-time sand content, making process optimization difficult under low sand content conditions. When desanding is not required or the sand content is below a safe threshold, the system continues to operate along the original desanding path, reducing operational efficiency and increasing unnecessary equipment burden. Existing technologies lack the ability to flexibly select operating paths under different sand content conditions, making it difficult to achieve adaptive control for process switching and bypass operation based on sand content, which is detrimental to the energy-saving operation and long-term stability of the wellhead system.

[0008] Therefore, existing wellhead desanding systems, under complex and variable operating conditions, still suffer from problems such as fixed operating paths, insufficient continuity of sand storage units, poor stability of process switching, and lack of dynamic identification and adaptive adjustment based on real-time sand content. This makes it difficult to achieve a reasonable match and efficient collaborative control between desanding and bypass operating modes, and fails to simultaneously meet the stable separation requirements under high sand content conditions and the energy-saving operation requirements under low sand content conditions. To address these technical deficiencies, there is an urgent need to invent a wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system with a clearly modular structure, independently switchable operating lines, real-time monitoring and intelligent control capabilities, and the ability to adaptively switch between desanding and bypass paths based on sand content. This would improve the continuity, stability, and operational safety of the wellhead processing system. Summary of the Invention

[0009] To address the shortcomings of existing wellhead cyclone desanding systems for high-sand-content oil and gas wells in terms of continuity, coordination, and adaptability, this invention proposes a real-time wellhead component monitoring and intelligent separation processing system and its operation method to solve the above problems.

[0010] This system modularizes functions such as air intake, exhaust, sand removal underflow, fluid discharge, sand removal, flushing, and bypass by setting up multiple independent operating lines. It also enables selective connection and disconnection of the lines through valve modules, achieving flexible connection and coordinated operation between functional units. This solves the problems of slow response, poor sand removal continuity, and untimely switching of sand storage units in traditional systems under complex wellhead conditions.

[0011] By employing the principle of cyclone separation, combined with the alternating switching mechanism of dual sand storage units and real-time sand storage monitoring, this system ensures that the system can continue to operate during the sand discharge or flushing of one of the sand storage units. It also automatically adjusts the operating route according to the sand storage status, realizing the adaptive control of the system. This significantly improves the continuity, stability and safety of the sand removal system under different sand concentrations, gas production fluctuations and injection-production alternation conditions.

[0012] The system uses a one-way valve in the line to limit the flow of the medium to the direction from the cyclone sand removal unit to the sand storage unit, so as to prevent the sand storage unit from backflowing and impacting the cyclone sand removal unit. It adopts an interlocking switching mechanism that first opens the backup line and then closes the current line to reduce the risk of flow interruption, crossflow and malfunction during the switching process, and improve the control reliability and operation safety of the continuous sand removal process.

[0013] By setting up an independent bypass line and combining real-time sand content monitoring results, the system can automatically switch to bypass operation mode when the sand content of the incoming flow is lower than the set threshold or when sand removal is not required. This reduces system pressure drop and energy consumption, reduces equipment wear, and achieves adaptive coordination between stable separation under high sand content conditions and energy-saving operation under low sand content conditions.

[0014] In summary, this invention achieves flexible combination and coordinated operation of functions such as air intake, exhaust, desanding underflow conveying, liquid discharge, sand discharge, flushing, and bypass through modular construction of multiple operating lines; it realizes continuous desanding without stopping and adaptive control of operating conditions by combining the cyclone separation principle, the alternating switching mechanism of dual sand storage units, and real-time sand storage monitoring; it effectively prevents backflow impact and reduces the risk of flow interruption, crossflow, and malfunction during switching by setting one-way valves and interlocking switching mechanisms on key lines; and it shuts down the desanding module under low sand content conditions and achieves direct conveying through the bypass line, thereby reducing system pressure drop and energy consumption and improving operational safety and reliability.

[0015] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0016] A real-time monitoring and intelligent separation system for wellhead components is characterized by comprising a pipeline module, a desanding module, a sand storage module, a valve module, a control module, and a connection module. The pipeline module includes an air intake pipeline unit, an exhaust pipeline unit, a fluid discharge pipeline unit, a sand discharge pipeline unit, a flushing pipeline unit, a bypass pipeline unit, a cyclone desanding pipeline unit I, and a cyclone desanding pipeline unit II. The desanding module is connected to the air intake pipeline and the exhaust pipeline, and selectively connected to the sand storage module via the valve module. The sand storage unit is connected to the fluid discharge pipeline unit, the sand discharge pipeline unit, and the flushing pipeline unit, respectively. The control module includes a condition identification unit, a monitoring and acquisition unit, a control decision unit, an execution control unit, and a feedback unit. The monitoring and acquisition unit is electrically connected to the control decision unit, and the control decision unit is electrically connected to the execution control unit. The execution control unit is connected to the valve module to drive valve action, and the feedback unit is electrically connected to the control decision unit to transmit valve status signals. The valve module is mounted on the pipeline module, and the connection module enables pipeline connections between the pipeline module and the desanding module and the sand storage module.

[0017] Furthermore, the sand removal module comprises a first cyclone sand removal unit, a second cyclone sand removal unit, and a replaceable cyclone sand removal unit. The first and second cyclone sand removal units are connected to an air inlet pipeline unit via an air inlet connection unit. The first and second cyclone sand removal units are respectively connected to the first and second sand storage units of the sand storage module via a pipeline module and a valve module. The sand storage module comprises a first and second sand storage unit; the first and second sand storage units are respectively connected to the drain pipeline unit, the sand discharge pipeline unit, and the flushing pipeline unit.

[0018] Furthermore, the valve module includes valve unit I, valve unit II, valve unit III, valve unit IV, valve unit V, valve unit VI, valve unit VII, valve unit VIII, valve unit IX, valve unit X, a flushing valve, a pipeline switching valve unit, a one-way flow valve I, and a one-way flow valve II. The monitoring and acquisition unit in the control module includes a sand content measuring instrument, a fluid content monitoring module, and a pressure monitoring module. The sand content measuring instrument is installed on the air intake pipeline unit and the first and second sand storage units. The fluid content monitoring module is installed on the air intake pipeline unit and the exhaust pipeline unit. The pressure monitoring module is installed on the inlet and outlet pipe sections of the sand removal module.

[0019] Furthermore, the monitoring and acquisition unit is electrically connected to the control and decision unit, and the working condition identification unit is electrically connected to the control and decision unit; the control and decision unit is electrically connected to the execution and control unit, and the execution and control unit is electrically connected to the valve module; the feedback unit is electrically connected to the valve module to acquire the valve opening / closing position signal, and the feedback unit is electrically connected to the control and decision unit to issue the valve opening / closing position signal and output the next valve action control signal when the preset conditions are met.

[0020] Furthermore, the connection module consists of an air inlet connection unit, an exhaust connection unit, a bottom flow port connection unit I, a bottom flow port connection unit II, a top flow port connection unit I, a top flow port connection unit II, a sand discharge connection unit I, a sand discharge connection unit II, a liquid discharge connection unit I, a liquid discharge connection unit II, an air inlet connection unit II, and an exhaust connection unit II.

[0021] Furthermore, the wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system, based on the interconnection of the pipeline module, sand removal module, sand storage module, valve module and control module, constitutes the following operating lines: the first operating line, the second operating line, the third operating line, the fourth operating line, the fifth operating line, the sixth operating line, the seventh operating line, the eighth operating line, the ninth operating line, the tenth operating line, the eleventh operating line and the twelfth operating line, respectively correspond to lines 1 to 12 marked in the attached drawings;

[0022] The first operating line consists of an air inlet pipeline unit, an air inlet connection unit, a sand content measuring instrument, a fluid content monitoring module, and a valve unit I. The first operating line is connected to the first cyclone sand removal unit through the air inlet connection unit. The sand content measuring instrument, the fluid content monitoring module, and the valve unit I are installed on the air inlet pipeline unit.

[0023] The second operating line consists of an exhaust pipeline unit, an exhaust connection unit, a sand content measuring instrument, a fluid content monitoring module, and a valve unit II. The second operating line is connected to the first cyclone sand removal unit through the exhaust connection unit. The sand content measuring instrument, the fluid content monitoring module, and the valve unit II are installed on the exhaust pipeline unit.

[0024] The third operating line consists of a bottom flow port connection unit I, a top flow port connection unit I, a cyclone desanding pipeline unit I, and a valve unit III. The first cyclone desanding unit is connected to the third operating line through the bottom flow port connection unit I, and the first sand storage unit is connected to the third operating line through the top flow port connection unit I. The valve unit III is installed on the cyclone desanding pipeline unit I.

[0025] The fourth operating line consists of a bottom flow port connection unit II, a top flow port connection unit II, a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II, and a valve unit IV. The second cyclone sand removal unit is connected to the fourth operating line through the bottom flow port connection unit II, and the second sand storage unit is connected to the fourth operating line through the top flow port connection unit II. The valve unit IV is installed on the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II.

[0026] The fifth operating line consists of a sand discharge connection unit I, a sand discharge pipeline unit, and a valve unit V. The first sand storage unit is connected to the fifth operating line through the sand discharge connection unit I, and the valve unit V is installed on the sand discharge pipeline unit.

[0027] The sixth operating line consists of a sand discharge connection unit II, a sand discharge pipeline unit, and a valve unit VI. The second sand storage unit is connected to the sixth operating line through the sand discharge connection unit II, and the valve unit VI is installed on the sand discharge pipeline unit.

[0028] The seventh operating line consists of a drainage connection unit I, a drainage pipeline unit, and a valve unit VII. The first sand storage unit is connected to the seventh operating line through the drainage connection unit I, and the valve unit VII is installed on the drainage pipeline unit.

[0029] The eighth operating line consists of a drainage connection unit II, a drainage pipeline unit, and a valve unit VIII. The second sand storage unit is connected to the eighth operating line through the drainage connection unit II, and the valve unit VIII is installed on the drainage pipeline unit.

[0030] The ninth operating line consists of an air inlet pipeline unit, an air inlet connection unit II, a sand content measuring instrument, a fluid content monitoring module, and a valve unit IX. The ninth operating line is connected to the second cyclone sand removal unit through the air inlet connection unit II. The sand content measuring instrument, the fluid content monitoring module, and the cyclone valve unit IX are installed on the air inlet pipeline unit.

[0031] The tenth operating line consists of an exhaust pipeline unit, an exhaust connection unit II, a sand content measuring instrument, a fluid content monitoring module, and a valve unit X. The tenth operating line is connected to the second cyclone sand removal unit through the exhaust connection unit II. The sand content measuring instrument, the fluid content monitoring module, and the valve unit X are installed on the exhaust pipeline unit.

[0032] The eleventh operating line consists of a flushing pipeline unit and a flushing valve. The flushing pipeline unit is connected to the sand removal module and the sand storage module, respectively, and the flushing valve is installed on the flushing pipeline unit.

[0033] The twelfth operating line consists of a bypass pipeline unit and a pipeline switching valve unit. The bypass pipeline unit is connected to the intake pipeline unit and the exhaust pipeline unit respectively, and the pipeline switching valve unit is installed on the bypass pipeline unit.

[0034] Furthermore, the third operating line is equipped with a one-way flow valve I in conjunction with valve unit III, and the fourth operating line is equipped with a one-way flow valve II in conjunction with valve unit IV. The one-way flow valve I and one-way flow valve II restrict the flow of the medium to the direction from the cyclone desanding unit to the corresponding sand storage unit. The valve unit III and valve unit IV form an interlocking switching structure, so that only one of the third and fourth operating lines is connected at any given time under the mining conditions. When the controller controls the switching between the third and fourth operating lines, it outputs control signals in the order of first opening the valve corresponding to the target operating line and then closing the valve corresponding to the current operating line, thereby switching the lines.

[0035] Furthermore, the sand content measuring instrument is respectively installed on the first sand storage unit and the second sand storage unit. The execution control unit is electrically connected to the valve unit III and the valve unit IV, so as to control the valve unit III and the valve unit IV to switch when the sand content measuring instrument in the first sand storage unit or the second sand storage unit detects that the sand content reaches or approaches the preset threshold. The feedback unit detects the valve opening and closing feedback signal, and the execution control unit outputs the next valve action signal after receiving the valve opening and closing feedback signal.

[0036] Furthermore, the pipeline switching valve unit is installed on the bypass pipeline unit, which is connected to the intake pipeline unit and the exhaust pipeline unit. The execution control unit is electrically connected to the pipeline switching valve unit and controls the valves on the intake pipeline unit, exhaust pipeline unit, liquid discharge pipeline unit, sand discharge pipeline unit, flushing pipeline unit, cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I, and cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II to close when the pipeline switching valve unit is open. When the sand content of the mixed gas is detected to be lower than the preset threshold, the control module causes the gas to bypass the sand removal module through the bypass pipeline unit and flow to the downstream pipeline.

[0037] Furthermore, the monitoring and acquisition unit includes sand content measuring instruments respectively installed on the first sand storage unit and the second sand storage unit; the sand content measuring instruments are electrically connected to the control decision unit of the control module, and the control decision unit is electrically connected to valve unit III and valve unit IV on the third and fourth operating lines respectively, so that when the sand content measuring instrument corresponding to the first sand storage unit or the second sand storage unit outputs an abnormal signal, the cyclone sand removal unit can be connected to another sand storage unit by switching the valves of the corresponding operating line.

[0038] Furthermore, the operating condition identification unit measures the sand content, water content, oil content, and gas content in the fluid in real time based on the sand content measuring instrument and fluid content monitoring module on the intake pipeline unit. When the measured sand content is lower than a preset threshold, it controls the bypass operation line to be opened and the operation line corresponding to the sand removal module to be closed. When the sand content or particle size change exceeds the preset threshold, the control decision unit outputs a replacement command when it detects that the sand concentration or particle size change exceeds the preset threshold, and replaces the operation of the single vortex sand removal cylinder with the alternating operation of the double vortex sand removal cylinder.

[0039] Furthermore, when in the production operation, the control decision unit determines that the sand storage module is in an abnormal state based on the signal from the sand content measuring instrument, and outputs an abnormal operation control command. First, it controls the valve module to switch between the third and fourth operating lines, and then controls the opening of the eleventh operating line to flush the sand storage module.

[0040] This invention provides a method for operating a wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system in three stages, including the following steps:

[0041] Ⅰ. Continuous Operation Method of Single-Swirl Sand Desander

[0042] S101: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone desanding unit through the first operating line, where a centrifugal cyclone is formed to separate the gas phase and the liquid-solid phase; the separated gas is discharged to the exhaust pipeline unit through the second operating line, and the liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit through the third operating line; the liquid phase entering the first sand storage unit is discharged through the seventh operating line, and the solid phase is deposited in the first sand storage unit and discharged through the corresponding sand discharge line;

[0043] S102: When the sand content measuring instrument detects that the sand content in the first sand storage unit is close to the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is switched from the first sand storage unit to the second sand storage unit, so that the second sand storage unit takes over the first sand storage unit to receive and store the liquid-solid phase; after the switch is completed, a flushing operation is performed on the first sand storage unit that has been taken out of operation, so that the flushed liquid-solid mixture is discharged through the corresponding discharge line; in the liquid-solid phase entering the second sand storage unit, the liquid phase is discharged through the eighth operating line, and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line;

[0044] S103: When the sand content measuring instrument detects that the sand content in the second sand storage unit reaches or approaches the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is controlled to switch from the second sand storage unit back to the first sand storage unit, so that the first sand storage unit takes over the work of the second sand storage unit again, and a flushing operation is performed on the second sand storage unit to realize the continuous sand removal operation of the single vortex sand removal cylinder under the production condition.

[0045] II. Alternating Operation Method of Double-Swirl Sand Desander

[0046] S201: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone desanding unit in operation through the first operating line to form a centrifugal strong cyclone separation between the liquid-solid phase and the gas phase. The separated gas flows out to the exhaust pipeline unit through the second operating line. The separated liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit through the third operating line, and the liquid phase is discharged through the seventh operating line.

[0047] S202: When sand content measuring instrument and fluid content monitoring module are used

[0048] When the concentration of solid phase, particle size or gas extraction rate in the gas-liquid-solid mixture reaches the preset switching conditions, the first cyclone desanding unit is taken out of the main separation mode and the second cyclone desanding unit is put into operation. The cyclone desanding unit is switched according to the monitoring results.

[0049] S203: After the cyclone desanding unit is switched, the gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the working second cyclone desanding unit through the ninth operating line for separation. The separated gas is discharged through the tenth operating line, and the separated liquid and solid phases enter the second sand storage unit through the fourth operating line. The liquid phase is discharged through the eighth operating line, and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line, realizing the alternating operation of the dual cyclone desanding cylinders under the production conditions, adapting to the desanding needs under different sand-containing conditions.

[0050] III. Bypass Operation Mode

[0051] S301: When the operating condition identification unit detects that the sand content of the incoming medium is lower than the preset threshold or is in a condition where sand removal is not required based on the sand content measuring instrument and fluid content monitoring module on the air intake pipeline unit, the control decision unit outputs a bypass operation command, executes the control unit to open the pipeline switching valve unit on the twelfth operating line, and controls the closing of the relevant valves on the air intake pipeline unit, exhaust pipeline unit, liquid discharge pipeline unit, sand discharge pipeline unit, flushing pipeline unit, cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I, and cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II, so that the incoming medium bypasses the sand removal module through the bypass pipeline unit and is transported to the downstream pipeline.

[0052] Compared with the prior art, the wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system provided by the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] (1) By setting up multiple independent operating lines and dividing them into functional modules, and cooperating with valve modules to achieve selective connection and disconnection of the lines, the processes of air intake, exhaust, liquid discharge, sand discharge and flushing are independent and can be controlled in a coordinated manner, thereby realizing rapid switching of system operating lines and multi-condition adaptation, thereby improving the overall response capability and operational stability of the wellhead sand removal system under the conditions of flow fluctuation and sand concentration change.

[0054] (2) By adopting a dual sand storage unit structure and combining an alternating switching mechanism and real-time sand storage monitoring, the system can continuously complete the sand removal operation through another sand storage unit during the sand discharge or flushing of any sand storage unit, thereby achieving continuous operation without stopping the machine, effectively reducing the risks of full sand, bottom flow obstruction and forced shutdown, and improving the continuity and reliability of the wellhead treatment system.

[0055] (3) By setting a one-way valve on the branch connecting the sand removal module and the sand storage module and combining it with the valve interlocking switching mechanism, the system can achieve backflow prevention, crossflow prevention and safe switching control of opening before closing during the operation line switching process, thereby improving the reliability and operational safety of the system switching process and reducing the risk of equipment impact and failure.

[0056] (4) By setting up an independent bypass line and combining the real-time sand content monitoring results, when the sand content of the incoming flow is lower than the set threshold or when sand removal is not required, the system can automatically switch to the bypass operation mode, so that the fluid bypasses the sand removal module and is directly transported, reducing the system pressure drop and energy consumption, reducing equipment wear, realizing the adaptive coordination between stable separation under high sand content conditions and energy-saving operation under low sand content conditions, and improving the overall economy and long-term operation stability of the system. Attached Figure Description

[0057] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.

[0058] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the location and connection relationships of each module in the device.

[0059] Figure 2 This is the operation circuit diagram of the single cyclone desander during the gas production stage.

[0060] Figure 3 Operation circuit diagram of the alternating operation mechanism of the dual cyclone desander in the gas production stage

[0061] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of valve interlocking and check valve arrangement between the third and fourth operating lines

[0062] Figure 5 Signal acquisition, decision-making, execution, feedback, closed-loop control block diagram of the control module

[0063] Figure 6 Flowchart of the single-cyclone desander operation mechanism during the gas production stage

[0064] Figure 7 Flowchart of the alternating operation mechanism of the dual-cyclone desander in the gas production stage

[0065] In the diagram, 1-pipeline module, 2-sand removal module, 3-sand storage module, 4-valve module, 5-control module, 6-connection module, 101-air inlet pipeline unit, 102-exhaust pipeline unit, 103-liquid drainage pipeline unit, 104-sand discharge pipeline unit, 105-flushing pipeline unit, 106-bypass pipeline unit, 107-cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I, 108-cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II, 2-1-first cyclone sand removal unit, 2-2-second cyclone sand removal unit, 2-3-replaceable cyclone sand removal unit 301-First sand storage unit, 302-Second sand storage unit, 4-1-Valve unit I, 4-2-Valve unit II, 4-3-Valve unit III, 4-4-Valve unit IV, 4-5-Valve unit V, 4-6-Valve unit VI, 4-7-Valve unit VII, 4-8-Valve unit VIII, 4-9-Valve unit IX, 4-10-Valve unit X, 4-11-Flush valve, 4-12-Pipeline switching valve unit, 4-13-One-way flow valve I, 4-14-One-way flow valve II, 501-Operating condition Identification unit, 502-Monitoring and acquisition unit, 503-Control and decision-making unit, 504-Execution control unit, 505-Feedback unit, 5021-Sand content measuring instrument, 5022-Fluid content monitoring module, 5023-Pressure monitoring module, 601-Inlet connection unit, 602-Exhaust connection unit, 603-1-Underflow port connection unit I, 603-2-Underflow port connection unit II, 604-1-Top flow port connection unit I, 604-2-Top flow port connection unit II, 605-Sand discharge connection unit I, 6 06-Sand discharge connection unit II, 607-Liquid discharge connection unit I, 608-Liquid discharge connection unit II, 609-Air intake connection unit II, 6010-Exhaust connection unit II, 7-First operating line, 8-Second operating line, 9-Third operating line, 10-Fourth operating line, 11-Fifth operating line, 12-Sixth operating line, 13-Seventh operating line, 14-Eighth operating line, 15-Ninth operating line, 16-Tenth operating line, 17-Eleventh operating line, 18-Twelfth operating line.

[0066] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. Detailed Implementation

[0067] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following:

[0068] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system provided in this embodiment includes a pipeline module 1, a sand removal module 2, a sand storage module 3, a valve module 4, a control module 5, and a connection module 6;

[0069] The pipeline module 1 includes an air intake pipeline unit 101, an exhaust pipeline unit 102, a liquid discharge pipeline unit 103, a sand discharge pipeline unit 104, a flushing pipeline unit 105, a bypass pipeline unit 106, a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I 107, and a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II 108.

[0070] The sand removal module 2 is connected to the air intake pipeline unit 101 and the exhaust pipeline unit 102, and is selectively connected to the sand storage module 3 through the valve module 4 to realize the cyclone sand removal operation under the gas extraction condition and the bypass transportation operation under the gas injection condition.

[0071] The sand storage module 3 is connected to the liquid discharge pipeline unit 103, the sand discharge pipeline unit 104, and the flushing pipeline unit 105 respectively to realize liquid phase discharge, solid phase discharge and tank flushing.

[0072] The control module 5 includes a working condition identification unit 501, a monitoring and acquisition unit 502, a control decision unit 503, an execution control unit 504, and a feedback unit 505. The monitoring and acquisition unit 502 acquires operating signals such as sand content, flow rate, and pressure; the control decision unit 503 outputs control commands based on the monitoring signals; the execution control unit 504 drives the valve module 4; and the feedback unit 505 acquires valve opening / closing signals and sends them back to the control decision unit 503, thereby achieving closed-loop control of the valve's operation.

[0073] The connection module 6 is used to connect the pipeline module 1 with the sand removal module 2 and the sand storage module 3, so that each module can form a switchable operating line.

[0074] like Figure 1 As shown, the sand removal module 2 consists of a first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1, a second cyclone sand removal unit 2-2, and a replaceable cyclone sand removal unit 2-3. The first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1 and the second cyclone sand removal unit 2-2 are respectively connected to the intake pipeline unit 101 through the intake connection unit 601 and the intake connection unit II 609, and are respectively connected to the exhaust pipeline unit 102 through the exhaust connection unit 602 and the exhaust connection unit II 6010.

[0075] The first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1 and the first sand storage unit 301 are connected through the underflow port connection unit I 603-1, the top flow port connection unit I 604-1, and the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I 107; the second cyclone sand removal unit 2-2 and the second sand storage unit 302 are connected through the underflow port connection unit II 603-2, the top flow port connection unit II 604-2, and the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II 108.

[0076] The sand storage module 3 consists of a first sand storage unit 301 and a second sand storage unit 302. The first sand storage unit 301 and the second sand storage unit 302 are respectively connected to the drain pipeline unit 103, the sand discharge pipeline unit 104 and the flushing pipeline unit 105.

[0077] With the above settings, the system can achieve corresponding connection between the cyclone desanding unit and the sand storage unit, and can switch the sand storage unit alternately under gas production conditions, thereby ensuring continuous desanding operation;

[0078] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment constructs twelve independent operating lines based on the interconnection of pipeline module 1, sand removal module 2, sand storage module 3, valve module 4 and control module 5, which correspond to lines 1 to 12 marked in the attached figure.

[0079] in:

[0080] The first operating line 7 is used for the air intake of the first cyclone desanding unit 2-1;

[0081] The second operating line 8 is used for exhausting the first cyclone desanding unit 2-1;

[0082] The third operating line 9 is used for conveying the underflow from the first cyclone desanding unit 2-1 to the first sand storage unit 301;

[0083] The fourth operating line 10 is used for conveying the underflow from the second cyclone desanding unit 2-2 to the second sand storage unit 302;

[0084] The fifth operating line 11 is used for sand discharge from the first sand storage unit 301;

[0085] The sixth operating line 12 is used for sand discharge from the second sand storage unit 302;

[0086] The seventh operating line 13 is used for draining the first sand storage unit 301;

[0087] The eighth operating line 14 is used for draining the second sand storage unit 302;

[0088] The ninth operating line 15 is used for the air intake of the second cyclone desanding unit 2-2;

[0089] The tenth operating line 16 is used for exhausting the second cyclone desanding unit 2-2;

[0090] Eleventh operating line 17 is used for system flushing;

[0091] The 12th operating line 18 is used for bypass operation;

[0092] Through the above-mentioned line division, this system modularizes and independently constructs the functions of air intake, exhaust, underflow conveying, liquid discharge, sand discharge, flushing and bypass, which facilitates the selective connection and disconnection of the lines through valve module 4 under different working conditions;

[0093] like Figure 4 As shown, the third operating line 9 is equipped with a one-way flow valve I 4-13, and the fourth operating line 10 is equipped with a one-way flow valve II 4-14, which are used to limit the medium to flow only in the direction from the cyclone sand removal unit 2 to the corresponding sand storage unit 3, thereby preventing the sand storage unit from backflowing and impacting the cyclone sand removal unit.

[0094] Valve unit Ⅲ 4-3 and valve unit Ⅳ 4-4 form an interlocking switching structure, so that only one of the third operating line 9 and the fourth operating line 10 is connected at any time under the mining condition;

[0095] When switching between the third operating line 9 and the fourth operating line 10, the control module 5 outputs control signals in the order of "first opening the valve corresponding to the target operating line, and then closing the valve corresponding to the current operating line". The interlocking relationship between valve unit III and valve unit IV can be implemented by the program, and the two valves are prohibited from being in the open state at any time to reduce the risk of flow interruption, cross-flow and malfunction during the switching process.

[0096] like Figure 2 As shown, the sand content measuring instrument 5021 is respectively installed on the first sand storage unit 301 and the second sand storage unit 302. The sand content measuring instrument 5021 sends the sand storage amount or sand content abnormal signal to the control decision unit 503. When the first sand storage unit 301 outputs an abnormal signal corresponding to the sand content measuring instrument 5021 (for example, the sand storage amount reaches a preset threshold or the underflow discharge is abnormal), the control decision unit 503 outputs a switching command, and the execution control unit 504 drives the valve unit III 4-3 and the valve unit IV 4-4 to switch, so that the underflow delivery of the cyclone sand removal unit switches from the first sand storage unit 301 to the second sand storage unit 302, so as to realize the sand storage unit switching without stopping. The same applies when switching in the opposite direction, switching from the second sand storage unit 302 to the first sand storage unit 301.

[0097] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, to ensure the safety and reliability of the interlock switching process, the feedback unit 505 collects the opening and closing feedback signals of valve unit Ⅲ4-3 and valve unit Ⅳ4-4 and transmits them back to the control decision unit 503.

[0098] The execution control unit 504 only outputs the next action signal to close the valve of the current operating line after receiving the target valve opening signal, thus forming a closed-loop control logic for valve action and avoiding flow interruption or crossflow caused by the valve not being in position.

[0099] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when the system detects that the sand content of the incoming medium is lower than the preset threshold or is in a condition where sand removal is not required, the operating condition identification unit 501 makes a judgment based on the real-time detection signal of the fluid content monitoring module 5022 on the air intake pipeline unit 101. The control decision unit 503 outputs a bypass operation command, and the execution control unit 504 controls the opening of the pipeline switching valve unit 4-12 on the bypass pipeline unit 106, and simultaneously controls the closing of the relevant valves on the air intake pipeline unit 101, the exhaust pipeline unit 102, the liquid discharge pipeline unit 103, the sand discharge pipeline unit 104, the flushing pipeline unit 105, the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I 107, and the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II 108, so that the gas in the gas injection stage is directly transported to the downstream through the twelfth operating line 18, reducing the system pressure drop and energy consumption.

[0100] When the system detects that the sand content of the incoming medium reaches the preset first threshold and is within the normal separation range, the gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1 through the first operating line 7 to form centrifugal cyclone separation. The separated gas enters the exhaust pipeline unit 102 through the second operating line 8, and the liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit 301 through the third operating line 9, realizing the normal sand removal operation mode.

[0101] The liquid phase in the first sand storage unit 301 is discharged through the seventh operating line 13, and the solid phase is discharged through the fifth operating line 11. When the sand content measuring instrument 5021 monitors that the sand storage amount in the first sand storage unit 301 is close to the threshold, the control module 5 outputs a switching command to open the valve unit IV 4-4 on the fourth operating line 10 in the order of opening first and closing later, and closes the valve unit III 4-3 on the third operating line 9 after the valve is fully opened, so that the liquid and solid phases enter the second sand storage unit 302 to take over the work.

[0102] After the switch is completed, the control module 5 controls the opening of the flushing valve 4-11 of the eleventh operating line 17 to flush the first sand storage unit 301 that has been taken out of operation. The flushed medium is discharged through the sand discharge line. When the sand storage amount of the second sand storage unit 302 reaches the threshold, the system switches back to the first sand storage unit 301 according to the same interlock switching logic, thereby realizing the continuous operation of the single vortex sand removal cylinder.

[0103] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 As shown, when the sand content measuring instrument 5021 and the fluid content monitoring module 5022 detect that the solid phase concentration of the incoming medium is higher than the preset second threshold or the particle size distribution changes abruptly, exceeding the optimal separation condition range of the single cyclone sand removal unit, the control decision unit 503 outputs a switching command to enter the alternating operation of the dual cyclone sand removal cylinder. The system can replace the replaceable cyclone sand removal unit 2-3 according to the monitoring results and switch the upstream inlet pipeline to the ninth operating line 15, so that the gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the second cyclone sand removal unit 2-2 for separation. The separated gas is discharged through the tenth operating line 16, the liquid-solid phase enters the second sand storage unit 302 through the fourth operating line 10, the liquid phase is discharged through the eighth operating line 14, and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line 12. By alternating operation of the dual cyclone units, different separation conditions can be quickly adapted when the sand content characteristics change abruptly, improving the continuity and adaptability of the system.

[0104] like Figure 4 As shown, when in the production operation, the control decision unit 503 determines, based on the signal from the sand content measuring instrument 5021, that the first sand storage unit 301 or the second sand storage unit 302 is abnormal (e.g., obstructed underflow, abnormal accumulation of sand, or poor sand discharge). It then outputs an abnormal operation control command. The control module 5 first controls the valve module 4 to switch the third operating line 9 and the fourth operating line 10, so that the underflow of the cyclone sand removal is delivered to another sand storage unit to ensure that the system continues to operate. Then, it controls the opening of the eleventh operating line 17 to flush the abnormal sand storage unit to remove the blockage and restore the function of the sand storage unit.

[0105] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, this invention provides an operation method for a real-time monitoring and intelligent separation system for wellhead components, comprising the following steps: I. Continuous operation method of a single cyclone desander S101: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone desander unit 2-1 via the first operation line 7, forming a centrifugal cyclone within the first cyclone desander unit 2-1 to achieve separation of the gas phase and the liquid-solid phase; the separated gas is discharged to the exhaust pipeline unit 102 via the second operation line 8, and the liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit 301 via the third operation line 9; the liquid phase entering the first sand storage unit 301 is discharged via the seventh operation line 13, and the solid phase is deposited within the first sand storage unit 301 and discharged via the corresponding sand discharge line;

[0106] S102: When the sand content measuring instrument 5021 detects that the amount of sand stored in the first sand storage unit 301 is close to the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is switched from the first sand storage unit 301 to the second sand storage unit 302, so that the second sand storage unit 302 takes over the first sand storage unit 301 to receive and store the liquid-solid phase; after the switch is completed, the first sand storage unit 301 that has been taken out of operation is flushed, so that the flushed liquid-solid mixture is discharged through the corresponding discharge line; the liquid phase entering the second sand storage unit 302 is discharged through the eighth operating line 14 and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line 12.

[0107] S103: When the sand content measuring instrument 5021 detects that the sand content in the second sand storage unit 302 reaches or approaches the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is controlled to switch from the second sand storage unit 302 back to the first sand storage unit 301, so that the first sand storage unit 301 takes over the work of the second sand storage unit 302 and performs a flushing operation on the second sand storage unit 302, so as to realize the continuous sand removal operation of the single vortex sand removal cylinder under the production condition;

[0108] II. Alternating operation method of dual cyclone sand removal cylinder S201: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1 in working state through the first operation line 7 to form a centrifugal strong cyclone separation of liquid-solid phase and gas phase. The separated gas flows out to the exhaust pipeline unit 102 through the second operation line 8. The separated liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit 301 through the third operation line 9. The liquid phase is discharged through the seventh operation line 13.

[0109] S202: When the sand content measuring instrument 5021 and the fluid content monitoring module 5022 detect that the solid phase concentration, particle size, or gas sampling rate in the gas-liquid-solid mixture reaches the preset switching conditions, the first cyclone sand removal unit 2-1 is deactivated from the main separation mode, and the second cyclone sand removal unit 2-2 is put into operation. The cyclone sand removal units are switched according to the monitoring results.

[0110] S203: After the cyclone desanding unit is switched, the gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the working second cyclone desanding unit 2-2 via the ninth operating line 15 for separation. The separated gas is discharged via the tenth operating line 16, and the separated liquid and solid phases enter the second sand storage unit 302 via the fourth operating line 10. The liquid phase is discharged via the eighth operating line 14, and the solid phase is discharged via the sixth operating line 12. This realizes the alternating operation of the dual cyclone desanding cylinders under the production conditions, adapting to the desanding requirements under different sand-containing conditions.

[0111] Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0112] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer" are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0113] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0114] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0115] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A real-time monitoring and intelligent separation system for wellhead components, characterized in that, It includes a pipeline module (1), a sand removal module (2), a sand storage module (3), a valve module (4), a control module (5), and a connection module (6); The pipeline module (1) includes an air intake pipeline unit (101), an exhaust pipeline unit (102), a liquid discharge pipeline unit (103), a sand discharge pipeline unit (104), a flushing pipeline unit (105), a bypass pipeline unit (106), a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I (107), and a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II (108); the sand removal module (2) is connected to the air intake pipeline (101) and the exhaust pipeline (102), and the sand removal module (2) is selectively connected to the sand storage module (3) through the valve module (4); The sand storage module (3) is connected to the drain pipeline unit (103), the sand discharge pipeline unit (104), and the flushing pipeline unit (105) respectively; the control module (5) includes a working condition identification unit (501), a monitoring and acquisition unit (502), a control decision unit (503), an execution control unit (504), and a feedback unit (505). The monitoring and acquisition unit (502) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (503), the control decision unit (503) is electrically connected to the execution control unit (504), the execution control unit (404) is connected to the valve module (4) to drive the valve to move, and the feedback unit (505) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (503) to return the valve status signal; the valve module (4) is set on the pipeline module (1), and the connection module (6) realizes the pipeline connection between the pipeline module (1) and the sand removal module (2) and the sand storage module (3).

2. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sand removal module (2) consists of a first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1), a second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2), and a replaceable cyclone sand removal unit (2-3). The first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) and the second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) are connected to the air intake pipeline unit (101) through the air intake connection unit (601). The first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) and the second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) are respectively connected to the first sand storage unit (301) and the second sand storage unit (302) of the sand storage module (3) through the pipeline module (1) and the valve module (4). The sand storage module (3) is composed of a first sand storage unit (301) and a second sand storage unit (302); the first sand storage unit (301) and the second sand storage unit (302) are respectively connected to the drain pipeline unit (103), the sand discharge pipeline unit (104) and the flushing pipeline unit (105); The valve module (4) includes valve unit I (4-1), valve unit II (4-2), valve unit III (4-3), valve unit IV (4-4), valve unit V (4-5), valve unit VI (4-6), valve unit VII (4-7), valve unit VIII (4-8), valve unit IX (4-9), valve unit X (4-10), flushing valve (4-11), pipeline switching valve unit (4-12), one-way flow valve I (4-13), and one-way flow valve II (4-14). The monitoring and acquisition unit (502) in the control module (5) includes a sand content measuring instrument (5021), a fluid content monitoring module (5022), and a pressure monitoring module (5023). The sand content measuring instrument (5021) is installed on the air intake pipeline unit (101), the first sand storage unit (301), and the second sand storage unit (302). The fluid content monitoring module (5022) is installed on the air intake pipeline unit (101) and the exhaust pipeline unit (102). The pressure monitoring module (5023) is installed on the inlet pipe section and the outlet pipe section of the sand removal module (2). The monitoring and acquisition unit (502) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (503), and the working condition identification unit (501) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (504); the control decision unit (503) is electrically connected to the execution control unit (504), and the execution control unit (506) is electrically connected to the valve module (4); the feedback unit (505) is electrically connected to the valve module (4) to acquire the valve opening / closing position signal, and the feedback unit (505) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (503) to issue the valve opening / closing position signal and output the next valve action control signal when the preset conditions are met; The connection module (6) consists of an air inlet connection unit (601), an exhaust connection unit (602), a bottom flow port connection unit I (603-1), a bottom flow port connection unit II (603-2), a top flow port connection unit I (604-1), a top flow port connection unit II (604-2), a sand discharge connection unit I (605), a sand discharge connection unit II (606), a liquid discharge connection unit I (607), a liquid discharge connection unit II (608), an air inlet connection unit II (609), and an exhaust connection unit II (6010).

3. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Based on the interconnection of the pipeline module (1), sand removal module (2), sand storage module (3), valve module (4) and control module (5), the following operating lines are formed: first operating line (7), second operating line (8), third operating line (9), fourth operating line (10), fifth operating line (11), sixth operating line (12), seventh operating line (13), eighth operating line (14), ninth operating line (15), tenth operating line (16), eleventh operating line (17) and twelfth operating line (18). The first operating line (7) consists of an air inlet pipeline unit (101), an air inlet connection unit (601), a sand content measuring instrument (5021), a fluid content monitoring module (5022), and a valve unit I (4-1). The first operating line (7) is connected to the first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) through the air inlet connection unit (601). The sand content measuring instrument (5021), the fluid content monitoring module (5022), and the valve unit I (4-1) are installed on the air inlet pipeline unit (101). The second operating line (8) consists of an exhaust pipeline unit (102), an exhaust connection unit (602), a sand content measuring instrument (5021), a fluid content monitoring module (5022), and a valve unit II (4-2). The second operating line (8) is connected to the first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) through the exhaust connection unit (602). The sand content measuring instrument (5021), the fluid content monitoring module (5022), and the valve unit II (4-2) are installed on the exhaust pipeline unit (102). The third operating line (9) consists of a bottom flow port connection unit I (603-1), a top flow port connection unit I (604-1), a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I (107), and a valve unit III (4-3). The first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) is connected to the third operating line (9) through the bottom flow port connection unit I (603), and the first sand storage unit (301) is connected to the third operating line (9) through the top flow port connection unit I (604-1). The valve unit III (4-3) is installed on the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I (107). The fourth operating line (10) consists of a bottom flow port connection unit II (603-2), a top flow port connection unit II (604-2), a cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II (108), and a valve unit IV (4-4). The second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) is connected to the fourth operating line (10) through the bottom flow port connection unit II (603-2), and the second sand storage unit (302) is connected to the fourth operating line (10) through the top flow port connection unit II (604-2). The valve unit IV (4-4) is installed on the cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II (108). The fifth operating line (11) consists of a sand discharge connection unit I (605), a sand discharge pipeline unit (104), and a valve unit V (4-5). The first sand storage unit (301) is connected to the fifth operating line (11) through the sand discharge connection unit I (605). The valve unit V (4-5) is installed on the sand discharge pipeline unit (104). The sixth operating line (12) consists of a sand discharge connection unit II (606), a sand discharge pipeline unit (104), and a valve unit VI (4-6). The second sand storage unit (302) is connected to the sixth operating line (12) through the sand discharge connection unit II (606). The valve unit VI (4-6) is installed on the sand discharge pipeline unit (104). The seventh operating line (13) consists of a drain connection unit I (607), a drain pipeline unit (103), and a valve unit VII (4-7). The first sand storage unit (301) is connected to the seventh operating line (13) through the drain connection unit I (607). The valve unit VII (4-7) is installed on the drain pipeline unit (103). The eighth operating line (14) consists of a drain connection unit II (608), a drain pipeline unit (103), and a valve unit VIII (4-8). The second sand storage unit (302) is connected to the eighth operating line (14) through the drain connection unit II (608). The valve unit VIII (4-8) is installed on the drain pipeline unit (103). The ninth operating line (15) consists of an air inlet pipeline unit (101), an air inlet connection unit II (609), a sand content measuring instrument (5021), a fluid content monitoring module (5022), and a valve unit IX (4-9). The ninth operating line (15) is connected to the second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) through the air inlet connection unit II (609). The sand content measuring instrument (5021), the fluid content monitoring module (5022), and the cyclone valve unit IX (4-9) are installed on the air inlet pipeline unit (101). The tenth operating line (16) consists of an exhaust pipeline unit (102), an exhaust connection unit II (6010), a sand content measuring instrument (5021), a fluid content monitoring module (5022), and a valve unit X (4-10). The tenth operating line (16) is connected to the second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) through the exhaust connection unit II (6010). The sand content measuring instrument (5021), the fluid content monitoring module (5022), and the valve unit X (4-10) are installed on the exhaust pipeline unit (102). The eleventh operating line (17) consists of a flushing pipeline unit (105) and a flushing valve (4-11). The flushing pipeline unit (105) is connected to the sand removal module (2) and the sand storage module (3) respectively. The flushing valve (4-11) is installed on the flushing pipeline unit (105). The twelfth operating line (18) consists of a bypass pipeline unit (106) and a pipeline switching valve unit (4-12). The bypass pipeline unit (106) is connected to the intake pipeline unit (101) and the exhaust pipeline unit (102) respectively. The pipeline switching valve unit (4-12) is installed on the bypass pipeline unit (106).

4. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The third operating line (9) is equipped with a one-way flow valve I (4-13) in conjunction with valve unit III (4-3), and the fourth operating line (10) is equipped with a one-way flow valve II (4-14) in conjunction with valve unit IV (4-4). The one-way flow valve I (4-13) and the one-way flow valve II (4-14) limit the medium to flow only in the direction from the cyclone desanding unit (2) to the corresponding sand storage unit (3). The valve unit III (4-3) and the valve unit IV (4-4) form an interlocking switching structure, so that only one of the third operating line (9) and the fourth operating line (10) is in a connected state at any time under the mining conditions. When the controller (501) controls the switching of the third operating line (9) and the fourth operating line (10), it outputs control signals in the order of first opening the valve corresponding to the target operating line and then closing the valve corresponding to the current operating line, thereby switching the line.

5. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The sand content measuring instrument (5021) is respectively installed on the first sand storage unit (301) and the second sand storage unit (302). The execution control unit (504) is electrically connected to the valve unit III (4-3) and the valve unit IV (4-4) so ​​that when the sand content measuring instrument (5021) of the first sand storage unit (301) or the second sand storage unit (302) detects that the sand content reaches or approaches the preset threshold, the execution control unit (504) controls the valve unit III (4-3) and the valve unit IV (4-4) to switch. The feedback unit (505) detects the valve opening and closing feedback signal. After receiving the valve opening and closing feedback signal, the execution control unit (504) outputs the next valve action signal.

6. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pipeline switching valve unit (4-12) is installed on the bypass pipeline unit (106). The bypass pipeline unit (106) is connected to the intake pipeline unit (101) and the exhaust pipeline unit (102). The execution control unit (504) is electrically connected to the pipeline switching valve unit (4-12) and controls the valves on the intake pipeline unit (101), exhaust pipeline unit (102), liquid discharge pipeline unit (103), sand discharge pipeline unit (104), flushing pipeline unit (105), cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I (107) and cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II (108) to close when the pipeline switching valve unit (4-12) is opened. When the sand content of the mixed gas is detected to be lower than the preset threshold, the control module (5) makes the gas bypass the sand removal module (2) through the bypass pipeline unit (106) and flow to the downstream pipeline.

7. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The monitoring and acquisition unit (502) includes a sand content measuring instrument (5021) respectively installed on the first sand storage unit (301) and the second sand storage unit (302); the sand content measuring instrument (5021) is electrically connected to the control decision unit (503) of the control module (5), and the control decision unit (503) is electrically connected to the valve unit III (4-3) and valve unit IV (4-4) on the third and fourth operating lines, respectively, so that when the sand content measuring instrument (5021) corresponding to the first sand storage unit or the second sand storage unit outputs an abnormal signal, the connection between the cyclone sand removal unit and the other sand storage unit is realized by switching the valve of the corresponding operating line.

8. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The operating condition identification unit (501) measures the sand content, water content, oil content and gas content in the fluid in real time based on the sand content measuring instrument (5021) and fluid content monitoring module (5022) on the air intake pipeline unit (101). When the measured sand content is lower than the preset threshold, it controls the opening of the bypass operation line (106) and closes the operation line corresponding to the sand removal module (2). When the sand content or particle size change exceeds the preset threshold, the control decision unit (503) outputs a replacement command when it detects that the sand concentration or particle size change exceeds the preset threshold, and changes the single vortex sand removal cylinder operation to the alternating operation of the double vortex sand removal cylinder.

9. The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When in the production condition, the control decision unit (503) judges that the sand storage module (3) is in an abnormal state based on the signal of the sand content measuring instrument (5021), outputs an abnormal condition control command, first controls the valve module (4) to switch the third operating line (9) and the fourth operating line (10), and then controls the opening of the eleventh operating line (17) to flush the sand storage module (3).

10. A method for operating a real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system for wellhead components, characterized in that: The wellhead component real-time monitoring and intelligent separation processing system according to any one of claims 1-9 includes the following steps: Ⅰ. Continuous Operation Method of Single-Swirl Sand Desander S101: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone desanding unit (2-1) through the first operating line (7), forming a centrifugal cyclone in the first cyclone desanding unit (2-1) to achieve separation of the gas phase and the liquid-solid phase; the separated gas is discharged to the exhaust pipeline unit (102) through the second operating line (8), and the liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit (301) through the third operating line (9); the liquid phase entering the first sand storage unit (301) is discharged through the seventh operating line (13), and the solid phase is deposited in the first sand storage unit (301) and discharged through the corresponding sand discharge line; S102: When the sand content measuring instrument (5021) detects that the amount of sand stored in the first sand storage unit (301) is close to the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is switched from the first sand storage unit (301) to the second sand storage unit (302), so that the second sand storage unit (302) takes over the first sand storage unit (301) to receive and store the liquid-solid phase; after the switch is completed, the first sand storage unit (301) that has been out of work is flushed, so that the flushed liquid-solid mixture is discharged through the corresponding discharge line; in the liquid-solid phase entering the second sand storage unit (302), the liquid phase is discharged through the eighth operating line (14), and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line (12); S103: When the sand content measuring instrument (5021) detects that the sand content in the second sand storage unit (302) reaches or approaches the preset threshold, the liquid-solid phase flow route is controlled to switch from the second sand storage unit (302) back to the first sand storage unit (301), so that the first sand storage unit (301) takes over the work of the second sand storage unit (302) again, and performs a flushing operation on the second sand storage unit (302) to realize the continuous sand removal operation of the single vortex sand removal cylinder under the production condition; II. Alternating Operation Method of Double-Swirl Sand Desander S201: The gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) in working state through the first operating line (7) to form a centrifugal strong cyclone separation of the liquid-solid phase and the gas phase. The separated gas flows out to the exhaust pipeline unit (102) through the second operating line (8). The separated liquid-solid phase enters the first sand storage unit (301) through the third operating line (9). The liquid phase is discharged through the seventh operating line (13). S202: When the sand content measuring instrument (5021) and the fluid content monitoring module (5022) monitor the solid phase concentration, particle size, or gas sampling rate in the gas-liquid-solid mixture and reach the preset switching conditions, the first cyclone sand removal unit (2-1) is deactivated from the main separation mode, and the second cyclone sand removal unit (2-2) is put into operation. The cyclone sand removal unit is switched according to the monitoring results. S203: After the cyclone desanding unit is switched, the gas-liquid-solid mixture enters the working second cyclone desanding unit (2-2) through the ninth operating line (15) for separation. The separated gas is discharged through the tenth operating line (16), and the separated liquid and solid phases enter the second sand storage unit (302) through the fourth operating line (10). The liquid phase is discharged through the eighth operating line (14), and the solid phase is discharged through the sixth operating line (12), realizing the alternating operation of the dual cyclone desanding cylinders under the mining conditions, adapting to the desanding requirements under different sand-containing conditions; III. Bypass Operation Mode S301: When the working condition identification unit (501) detects that the sand content of the incoming medium is lower than the preset threshold or is in a condition where sand removal is not required based on the sand content measuring instrument (5021) and fluid content monitoring module (5022) on the air intake pipeline unit (101), the control decision unit (503) outputs a bypass operation command, and the control unit (504) controls the opening of the pipeline switching valve unit (4-12) on the twelfth operating line (18), and controls the closing of the relevant valves on the air intake pipeline unit (101), exhaust pipeline unit (102), liquid discharge pipeline unit (103), sand discharge pipeline unit (104), flushing pipeline unit (105), cyclone sand removal pipeline unit I (107) and cyclone sand removal pipeline unit II (108), so that the incoming medium bypasses the sand removal module (2) through the bypass pipeline unit (106) and is transported to the downstream pipeline.

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