Top drive well drilling device and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, and provides a top drive well drilling device and method.The device comprises a drilling machine, a traveling crane system, a top drive and a catwalk; the traveling and hoisting system is mounted on the drilling machine; the top drive comprises a pulley assembly, and the pulley assembly comprises a fixed trolley body, a telescopic arm and a guide trolley body; the guiding vehicle body is slidably connected with the drilling machine. The two ends of the telescopic arm are rotationally connected with the end of the fixed vehicle body and the end of the guiding vehicle body. During top drive drilling, the fixed vehicle body is adjusted to a retraction position through the telescopic arm; during top drive drilling connection, the fixed vehicle body is adjusted to a drilling connection position through the telescopic arm; the catwalk is located on one side of the drilling machine and provided with a lifting mechanism. The lifting mechanism is located below the drill receiving position. According to the structure, miniaturization and lightweight design of the drilling machine is facilitated, mechanical equipment for mutual matching of the drill floor and the racking platform is reduced, the operation process is simplified, and the matching difficulty between the equipment is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of oil and gas drilling technology, and specifically relates to a top drive drilling device and method. Background Technology

[0002] The application of automated oil drilling rigs can improve drilling efficiency, reduce the labor intensity of oil workers, and lower the probability of dangerous accidents. Therefore, they are increasingly being used on onshore and offshore drilling platforms. Typically, the operation process of automated oil drilling rigs is similar to that of traditional drilling rigs. The driller controls various automated devices through a human-machine interface system to work together and replace human labor in completing various operations during the drilling process.

[0003] However, existing automated oil drilling rigs have the following problems:

[0004] (1) Currently, when automated drilling rigs connect single sections or columns, they need to use equipment such as top drive, iron drill, drilling platform robot / second-level platform robot and hydraulic lifting clamp in coordination.

[0005] (2) During drilling operations, drill pipe boxes, second-level platform manipulators are needed to assist in pipe laying and top drive, iron driller, and drilling platform manipulators to assist in connecting or disassembling the column, etc. The operation process is complex and the coordination between equipment is difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the above problems, this invention proposes a top-drive drilling device and method.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A top-drive drilling rig includes:

[0009] Drilling rig;

[0010] The traveling hoist system is installed on the drilling rig;

[0011] The top drive includes a trolley assembly, which includes a fixed body, a telescopic boom, and a guide body; the guide body is slidably connected to the drilling rig; and both ends of the telescopic boom are rotatably connected to the ends of the fixed body and the guide body, respectively.

[0012] During the top drive drilling, the fixed vehicle body is adjusted to the retracted position via the telescopic arm;

[0013] When the top drive is connected to the drill, the fixed vehicle body is adjusted to the connection position by means of the telescopic arm;

[0014] The catwalk, located on one side of the drilling rig, is equipped with a lifting mechanism;

[0015] The lifting mechanism is located below the drill bit receiving position.

[0016] Furthermore, in the trolley assembly, the telescopic arm includes an upper telescopic arm and a lower telescopic arm;

[0017] Both the upper telescopic arm and the lower telescopic arm are equipped with two vertical beams and one horizontal beam.

[0018] The two ends of the vertical beam are respectively hinged to the fixed vehicle body and the guide vehicle body;

[0019] The crossbeam is used to connect the two vertical beams to form an H-shaped structure.

[0020] Furthermore, a telescopic cylinder is hinged to one end of the vertical beam of the telescopic arm near the guide vehicle body;

[0021] The end of the telescopic cylinder away from the vertical beam of the telescopic arm is hinged to the guide vehicle body.

[0022] Furthermore, in the telescopic arm:

[0023] The telescopic boom has a first limiting plate and a support rod located on one side of the first limiting plate. The length of the support rod is adjustable, and one end is hinged to the vertical beam of the telescopic boom, while the other end is used to detachably connect to the support lug on the guide vehicle body in some working conditions.

[0024] In the guide vehicle body:

[0025] The surface of the guide vehicle body facing the fixed vehicle body is provided with a number of second limiting plates, and the second limiting plates on the guide vehicle body are offset from the first limiting plates on the telescopic beam;

[0026] The support ear plate is provided with at least two mounting holes, one for hinged connection with the telescopic cylinder and the other for detachable connection with the support rod.

[0027] Furthermore, several ranging sensors are installed on the fixed vehicle body.

[0028] Furthermore, guide components are installed on both sides of the guide vehicle body, and the guide components slide or roll in cooperation with the guide rails on the drilling rig.

[0029] Furthermore, in the top drive:

[0030] A reduction gearbox assembly is connected to the surface of the fixed vehicle body away from the guide vehicle body;

[0031] A lifting ring is installed on the gearbox assembly, and a balancing mechanism is provided on the lifting ring;

[0032] The end of the lifting ring furthest from the gearbox assembly is connected to the working end of the traveling crane system.

[0033] Furthermore, in the top drive:

[0034] The gearbox assembly is also equipped with symmetrical motors, which are located on one side of the lifting ring.

[0035] Furthermore, in the top drive:

[0036] Along the top drive drilling direction, starting from the bottom of the gearbox assembly, the rotary head assembly, internal blowout preventer, adapter and back clamp assembly are connected in sequence;

[0037] A lifting clamp is also provided directly below the back clamp assembly, and the lifting clamp is connected to a lifting ring, which is connected to the rotary head assembly.

[0038] A top-drive drilling method, applied to the aforementioned top-drive drilling apparatus, includes several working cycles, each working cycle comprising the following steps:

[0039] Transport the drill pipe to the drilling contact point;

[0040] The top drive is raised to the drilling position using a traveling hoist system;

[0041] The fixed car body is adjusted to the drilling position and the drill rod is connected by the telescopic arm of the top drive;

[0042] The fixed vehicle body is adjusted to the retracted position using the telescopic arm of the top drive;

[0043] The top drive is lowered to the drilling position of the oil well using a traveling crane system;

[0044] Drilling is performed by driving the drill pipe to the drilling position using a top drive, or by connecting the drill pipe to the drill pipe of the previous cycle.

[0045] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0046] 1. The top drive of the present invention uses a telescopic arm to adjust the retracted position and drill connection position of the fixed vehicle body, so that the top drive can perform downward drilling or connect to the tubing in the oil well in the retracted position. When it is necessary to lengthen the drill pipe in the oil well, the top drive can be moved to the drill connection position to perform drill connection operation. The whole process does not require a drill pipe box, a second-level platform robot to assist in pipe laying, or a drilling platform robot to assist in connecting or disassembling the drill string. This can significantly reduce the internal space of the derrick, which is conducive to the miniaturization and lightweight design of the drilling rig. The mechanical equipment that cooperates between the drilling platform and the second-level platform is also reduced, simplifying the operation process and reducing the difficulty of equipment coordination.

[0047] 2. When the drilling process of the present invention requires connecting a single section, the top drive can be extended forward to the drilling position and connected to the drill rod by means of the telescopic arm. Then the top drive can be retracted to the drilling position and connected to the previous section of drill rod. This eliminates the need for the additional work process of the drilling platform robot / secondary platform robot and hydraulic hoisting chuck required by the current automated drilling rig when connecting a single section or column.

[0048] Other features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the following description, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the invention. The objects and other advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description and the drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This diagram shows the top drive in the retracted position in the top drive drilling device of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 2 This diagram illustrates the top drive in the extended position of the top drive drilling apparatus of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 This is an isometric view of the front extension position of the trolley assembly in the top drive of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 4a A side view of the extended position of the trolley assembly in the top drive of the present invention is shown;

[0054] Figure 4b A schematic diagram of the support rod of the present invention is shown;

[0055] Figure 5 A front axonometric schematic diagram of the top drive of the present invention is shown;

[0056] Figure 6 A top view schematic diagram of the gearbox assembly in the top drive of the present invention is shown;

[0057] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the top drive rear is shown in the figure.

[0058] Figure 8 A top view of the top drive of the present invention mounted on a drilling rig is shown;

[0059] Figure 9 A front view of the gooseneck tube assembly in the top drive of the present invention is shown;

[0060] Figure 10 A top view of the gooseneck tube assembly in the top drive of the present invention is shown;

[0061] Figure 11 A flowchart of a top-drive drilling method according to the present invention is shown.

[0062] In the diagram: 101. Lifting ring; 102. Balancing mechanism; 103. Motor; 104. Internal blowout preventer; 105. Adapter; 106. Lifting ring; 107. Lifting clamp; 200. Gearbox assembly; 201. Gearbox body; 202. Guardrail; 300. Trolley assembly; 301. Fixed body; 302. Distance sensor; 303. Locking mechanism; 304. Locking lug; 305. Proximity switch; 306. Upper telescopic arm; 307. Lower telescopic arm; 308. 309. Limiting plate; 310. Support rod; 311. Telescopic cylinder; 312. Guide car body; 313. Guide assembly; 314. Second limiting plate; 315. Support ear plate; 400. Gooseneck tube assembly; 401. Integrated gooseneck tube; 402. Pipe punching bracket; 403. Pipe punching; 500. Rotary head assembly; 600. Back clamp assembly; 701. Drilling rig; 702. Traveling hoist system; 703. Top drive; 704. Drill rod; 705. Catwalk; 706. Lifting mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0063] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0064] A top-drive drilling rig, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a drilling rig 701, a traveling block system 702, a top drive 703, and a catwalk 705. The traveling block system 702 is mounted on the drilling rig 701 via pulleys and cables. The top drive 703 includes a pulley assembly 300, which comprises a fixed body 301, a telescopic boom, and a guide body 311. The guide body 311 is slidably connected to the drilling rig 701. The two ends of the telescopic boom are rotatably connected to the ends of the fixed body 301 and the guide body 311, respectively, forming a four-bar linkage. Therefore, when the top drive 703 is drilling, the fixed body 301 can be adjusted to the retracted position via the telescopic boom, where it can be used for downward drilling or to connect with the drill pipe 704 in the well. When the top drive 703 is engaging the drill string, the fixed body 301 is adjusted to the engagement position (extended position) via the telescopic boom, where it can engage the drill pipe 704. Additionally, catwalk 705, located on one side of drilling rig 701, can deliver drill rod 704 to drilling rig 701.

[0065] It should be noted that in the above-mentioned device, the top drive 703 is in the retracted position. It can be used for downward drilling or to connect with the drill pipe 704 in the oil well. When it is necessary to extend the drill pipe 704 in the oil well, the top drive 703 can be moved to the drill connection position for connection operations. Therefore, when connecting a single drill pipe 704 during drilling, the top drive 703 only needs to extend forward to the drill connection position and connect to the threaded part of the drill string female connector. Then, after being raised to the drilling platform, the top drive 703 is retracted to the retracted position and connected to the threaded part of the male connector. This eliminates the additional work process required by the current automated drilling rig 701 when connecting a single drill pipe or a drill string, which involves the coordination of the drilling platform robot / secondary platform robot and hydraulic lifting chuck. Furthermore, the drill pipe 704 can be a specially designed extended type, reducing the number of times a single drill pipe needs to be connected for the same drilling depth, thus increasing the drilling time ratio.

[0066] It should be further noted that the aforementioned top drive 703 is designed to be used with the 7000-meter drilling rig 701, and can meet the drilling requirements of ultra-deep wells up to 7000 meters. Furthermore, the top drive 703 can extend and retract in both directions, with a maximum extension distance exceeding 1700 mm, which can be adjusted as needed. During extension and retraction, the spindle axis of the top drive 703 remains vertical and moves only in the forward and backward directions.

[0067] like Figure 2 As shown, a lifting mechanism 706 is also installed at one end of the catwalk 705. This lifting mechanism is located directly below the drill bit receiving position and is a hydraulically driven linkage mechanism. After the catwalk 705 delivers the drill rod 704 to the lifting mechanism 706, the lifting mechanism 706 lifts it to keep it in a vertical position, after which the top drive 703 can receive the drill rod 704.

[0068] It should be noted that, as shown in the diagram, the top drive 703 is in the drill string connection position (extended position). During the drill string connection process, no drill pipe box, no second-level platform robot arm for pipe routing, and no drilling platform robot arm for tasks such as connecting or disassembling the standpipe are required. This significantly reduces the internal space of the derrick, which is beneficial for the miniaturization and lightweight design of the 701 drilling rig. The number of mechanical devices that cooperate between the drilling platform and the second-level platform is also reduced, simplifying the operation process and reducing the difficulty of coordinating equipment.

[0069] like Figure 3As shown, the trolley assembly 300 consists of a fixed body 301, a distance sensor 302, a locking mechanism 303, an upper telescopic arm 306, a lower telescopic arm 307, a telescopic cylinder 310, and a guide body 311. The fixed body 301 is connected to the rear of the gearbox assembly 200 by bolts or other means and reinforced with stiffeners. Two sets of distance sensors 302 are arranged on the middle crossbeam of the fixed body 301. The distance sensors 302 can be pull-wire type sensors, with pull rings connected to the telescopic arm or the guide body 311. The locking mechanism 303 is installed on the upper crossbeam of the fixed body 301. Locking lugs 304 are located on the fixed body 301 and the guide body 311 respectively, and three sets of proximity switches 305 are arranged near the locking lugs 304. Specifically, Figure 3 Near the left-side double ear plate is a proximity switch 305, which is used to detect whether the double ear plate and the single ear plate are coaxial and whether the pin of the locking mechanism 303 is extended into place.

[0070] It should be noted that the distance sensor 302 can measure the distance between the fixed vehicle body 301 and the guide vehicle body 311, thereby determining the position of the top drive 703.

[0071] It should be further explained that both the fixed vehicle body 301 and the guide vehicle body 311 are rectangular frame structures, and multiple horizontal tubes are set in the middle to improve the structural strength.

[0072] Both the upper telescopic boom 306 and the lower telescopic boom 307 are equipped with two vertical beams and one horizontal beam. The two ends of the vertical beams are hinged to the fixed vehicle body 301 and the guide vehicle body 311, respectively. The horizontal beam connects the two vertical beams, forming an H-shaped structure. Additionally, a telescopic cylinder 310 is hinged to one end of the vertical beam of the telescopic boom near the guide vehicle body 311. Figure 3 (There are four in the middle), and the end of the vertical beam away from the telescopic arm of the telescopic cylinder 310 is hinged to the guide vehicle body 311.

[0073] It should be noted that, in Figure 3 In this structure, the upper telescopic arm 306, the lower telescopic arm 307, the fixed body 301, and the guide body 311 form a four-bar linkage. The fixed body 301 can swing by the upper and lower telescopic arms, and the telescopic cylinder 310 can use hydraulic pressure to support the telescopic arms when the fixed body 301 moves to a certain position, thereby keeping the fixed body 301 in a fixed state. In addition, the guide body 311 is wider than the fixed body 301 and the support arm, and its overall structure is divided into front and rear layers. After the fixed body 301 reaches the retracted position, it and the telescopic arm can completely overlap with the front layer of the guide body 311.

[0074] In addition to using the telescopic hydraulic cylinder 310, other structures can be used to assist in the positioning of the fixed vehicle body 301, combined with... Figure 3 and Figure 4aIt can be seen that in some optional embodiments:

[0075] The telescopic boom has a first limiting plate 308 and a support rod 309 located on one side of the first limiting plate 308. The length of the support rod 309 is adjustable, and one end is hinged to the vertical beam of the telescopic boom. Meanwhile, in the guide body 311: a number of second limiting plates 313 are provided on the surface of the guide body 311 facing the fixed body 301. The second limiting plates 313 on the guide body 311 are offset from the first limiting plate 308 on the telescopic beam. A number of support ear plates 314 (corresponding to the number of support rods 309) are also provided on the horizontal tube in the middle of the guide body 311. The support ear plates 314 are provided with two mounting holes. One mounting hole is used for hinged connection with the telescopic cylinder 310, and the other mounting hole is used for detachable connection with the support rod 309.

[0076] It should be noted that the first limiting plate 308 and the second limiting plate 313 can prevent direct collision between the fixed vehicle body 301 and the guide vehicle body 311 when in the retracted position. Therefore, the first limiting plate 308 and the second limiting plate 313 are distributed at different positions on the fixed vehicle body 301 and the guide vehicle body 311 to ensure that they are staggered. In addition, when the telescopic cylinder 310 cannot provide hydraulic pressure, a support rod 309 can be used to support the telescopic arm; and in Figure 4b In the middle, the connectors at both ends of the support rod 309 are threaded to the middle rod and rotate in opposite directions, which allows for convenient stepless adjustment of the length of the support rod 309. There are nuts between the two connectors and the rod to lock the connectors after the length of the support rod 309 is adjusted.

[0077] In addition, guide components 312 are installed on both sides of the guide vehicle body 311. The guide components 312 slide or roll with the guide rails on the drilling rig 701. Specifically, four sets of guide components 312 are arranged on both sides of the guide vehicle body 311 to cooperate with the guide rails of the drilling rig 701. The guide components 312 can be sliding plates or roller structures, enabling the top drive 703 to move up and down along the guide rails and to transmit the counter-torque generated downhole during drilling to the derrick. The guide components 312 are fixedly connected to the connecting plate on the guide vehicle body 311 by pins.

[0078] It should be noted that the extension and retraction movements of the top drive 703 are controlled by a PLC program using a solenoid valve, which in turn controls the bidirectional stroke of the telescopic cylinder 310, thereby propelling the fixed carriage 301 and the top drive 703 forward together. The extension distance is detected by a distance sensor 302, which sends a signal back to the PLC system. The PLC system then controls the stroke of the telescopic cylinder 310 using a preset program. When the top drive 703 is in the retracted position, the limit plate is fully engaged, and the locking mechanism 303 locks the fixed carriage 301 and the guide carriage 311 securely. Before the top drive 703 is ready to extend, the locking mechanism 303 releases. The extension (drilling) / retraction position of the telescopic trolley and the locking / releasing position of the locking mechanism 303 are detected by three sets of proximity switches 305 near the locking lug 304.

[0079] In the top drive 703:

[0080] like Figure 5 As shown, a reduction gearbox assembly 200 is connected to the surface of the fixed vehicle body 301 away from the guide vehicle body 311. Figure 6 As shown, the gearbox assembly 200 consists of a housing 201, a main shaft, transmission gears, bearings, an inner sleeve, and a guardrail 202. The housing 201 has a wellhead center on its rear side and two protruding connecting blocks A on its front side. The guardrail 202 has a hinged window design opposite the connecting blocks. During transport of the top drive 703, these connecting blocks connect to the transport frame to secure the top drive 703.

[0081] It should be noted that the top drive 703 does not require disassembly of components such as guardrail 202 and trolley assembly 300 during transportation. During transportation, the ear plates of the transport frame pass through the openings in guardrail 202 and are connected to the housing 201 via pins. After the top drive 703 is transported to the drilling platform site, it is connected to the traveling crane system 702, and the transport frame can be removed to complete the installation of the top drive 703.

[0082] Combination Figure 7 It can be seen that a gooseneck assembly 400 is installed at the center of the wellhead of the housing 201. For example... Figure 8 and Figure 9As shown, a gooseneck assembly 400 is also installed above the gearbox assembly 200. This gooseneck assembly 400 consists of an integrated gooseneck 401, a punch bracket 402, and a punch 403. The punch bracket 402 is bolted to the top of the gearbox 201, and the integrated gooseneck 401 is bolted to the top of the punch bracket 402. The upper end of the punch 403 is threaded to the integrated gooseneck 401, and the lower end is threaded to the spindle. Furthermore, the integrated gooseneck 401 is integrally welded, eliminating the need for a central sealing connection compared to traditional gooseneck tubes. The direction of the gooseneck tube is determined by a specially designed three-dimensional curve, with its connection to the hose reel pointing vertically downwards. The slotted direction of the punch bracket 402 is towards the rear of the top drive 703.

[0083] exist Figure 5 In the gearbox assembly 200, a lifting ring 101 is mounted, and a balancing mechanism 102 is provided on the lifting ring 101. The end of the lifting ring 101 furthest from the gearbox assembly 200 is connected to the traveling hoist system 702. Additionally, symmetrical motors 103 are mounted on the gearbox assembly 200, located on one side of the lifting ring 101. The motors 103 can be two AC variable frequency motors, arranged symmetrically on the upper part of the gearbox assembly 200 relative to the rotation center of the top drive 703, slightly forward. See details... Figure 8 The motor 103 can be equipped with a primary gear, which, in conjunction with an intermediate gear, transmits power to the large gear of the main shaft. Furthermore, along the drilling direction of the top drive 703 (coinciding with the main shaft), starting from the bottom of the reduction gearbox assembly 200, the rotary head assembly 500, the internal blowout preventer 104, the adapter 105, and the back clamp assembly 600 are sequentially connected. A lifting clamp 107 is also located directly below the back clamp assembly 600, connected to a lifting ring 106, which in turn connects to the rotary head assembly 500.

[0084] It should be noted that the 300 trolley assembly at the rear of the aforementioned top drive 703 is heavier than a regular trolley, and it can be installed... Figure 6 On the two connecting blocks A on the front side, the layout of the motor 103 at the front brings the overall center of gravity of the top drive 703 closer to the spindle center axis, which helps to improve problems such as drill pipe 704 misalignment and wellhead wear caused by the unbalanced weight of the traditional top drive 703. The uniquely designed gooseneck assembly 400 used in this top drive 703 allows the mud channel to bypass the motor 103 and connect to the top drive 703 spindle from the front side of the top drive 703, and allows the flushing pipe 403 to be replaced from the rear side of the top drive 703.

[0085] It should be noted that, typically, the top drive 703 has the motor 103 positioned at the rear, with the punch 403 replaced at the front. This invention's top drive 703, to address the issue of the conventional top drive 703 being too heavy, adopts a front-mounted motor 103. Furthermore, to resolve the issue of the motor 103 interfering with the replacement of the punch 403, a specially designed gooseneck assembly 400 is used, enabling rear-side replacement of the punch 403.

[0086] like Figure 11 The image shows a top-drive drilling method applied to... Figures 1-10 A top-drive drilling apparatus, the method comprising several working cycles, each working cycle comprising the following steps:

[0087] S1: Transport drill pipe 704 to the drill receiving position.

[0088] S2: The top drive 703 is raised to the height of the drilling position by the traveling hoist system 702.

[0089] S3: Adjust the fixed car body 301 to the drilling position and connect the drill rod 704 using the telescopic arm of the top drive 703.

[0090] S4: Adjust the fixed body 301 to the retracted position using the telescopic arm of the top drive 703.

[0091] S5: The top drive 703 is lowered to the drilling position of the oil well via the traveling hoist system 702.

[0092] S6: The drill rod 704 is driven by the top drive 703 to drill in the drilling position, or the drill rod 704 is connected to the drill rod 704 of the previous cycle to drill.

[0093] Specifically, when drilling requires connecting a single drill pipe, the top drive 703 connects to one drill pipe 704 at a time for drilling. This drill pipe 704 is a specially designed extended drill pipe, with a length greater than that of a conventional drill pipe. While drilling a particular drill pipe 704 (denoted as pipe A), the surface pipe rack pushes the next drill pipe 704 (denoted as pipe B) to be connected onto the catwalk 705. The robotic arm of the catwalk 705 grips pipe B and lifts it to an upright position in front of the wellhead via the lifting mechanism 706. When pipe A is drilled, the slips are engaged, the drilling fluid circulation pump is stopped, and the back tongs of the top drive 703 are operated to release the top drive 703 from pipe A. The top drive 703 is then raised to a height higher than pipe B and extended forward to directly above pipe B. The top drive 703 is slowly lowered, and the back tongs of the top drive 703 are operated to engage, connecting the top drive 703 to pipe B. Then release the manipulator of the catwalk 705, raise the top drive 703 and retract it at a suitable height, moving rod B directly above rod A at the center of the wellhead. Slowly lower the top drive 703 and operate the hydraulic tongs or drill bit to connect rod B to rod A. Remove the slips, turn on the drilling fluid circulation pump, and continue drilling rod B.

[0094] During tripping operations, the top drive 703 pulls out one drill pipe 704 at a time. When lifting a drill pipe 704 (denoted as pipe C) using the jack 107, the lifting mechanism 706 of the catwalk 705 extends and stands upright in front of the wellhead. After pipe C is fully pulled out, the hydraulic tongs or a steel driller disconnects the threaded connection between pipe C and the drill pipe 704 below it (denoted as pipe D), extending the top drive 703 forward above the lifting mechanism 706. The top drive 703 is slowly lowered, placing pipe C into the lifting mechanism 706. Once the manipulator of the catwalk 705 has gripped pipe C, the jack 107 is released, and the top drive 703 is retracted. The lifting mechanism 706 moves pipe C to the surface and pushes it onto the pipe rack for storage. Simultaneously, the top drive 703 is lowered, and the jack 107 is used to secure pipe D, continuing tripping operations.

[0095] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A top-drive drilling device, characterized in that, include: Drilling rig (701); The traveling hoist system (702) is installed on the drilling rig (701); The top drive (703) includes a trolley assembly (300), which includes a fixed body (301), a telescopic arm, and a guide body (311); the guide body (311) is slidably connected to the drilling rig (701); the two ends of the telescopic arm are rotatably connected to the ends of the fixed body (301) and the guide body (311), respectively. When the top drive (703) drills in, the fixed vehicle body (301) is adjusted to the retracted position by means of the telescopic arm; When the top drive (703) is connected to the drill, the fixed vehicle body (301) is adjusted to the connection position by means of the telescopic arm; The catwalk (705) is located on one side of the drilling rig (701) and is equipped with a lifting mechanism (706); The lifting mechanism (706) is located below the drill bit receiving position.

2. The top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the trolley assembly (300), the telescopic arm includes an upper telescopic arm (306) and a lower telescopic arm (307); Both the upper telescopic arm (306) and the lower telescopic arm (307) are provided with two vertical beams and one horizontal beam; The two ends of the vertical beam are hinged to the fixed vehicle body (301) and the guide vehicle body (311) respectively; The crossbeam is used to connect the two vertical beams to form an H-shaped structure.

3. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that, The telescopic boom has a telescopic cylinder (310) hinged to one end of its vertical beam near the guide vehicle body (311); The end of the telescopic cylinder (310) away from the vertical beam of the telescopic arm is hinged to the guide vehicle body (311).

4. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that, In the telescopic arm: The telescopic arm is provided with a first limiting plate (308) and a support rod (309) located on one side of the first limiting plate (308); the length of the support rod (309) is adjustable, and one end is hinged to the vertical beam of the telescopic arm, and the other end is used to detachably connect to the support ear plate (314) on the guide vehicle body (311) in some working conditions. In the guide vehicle body (311): The guide vehicle body (311) has a plurality of second limiting plates (313) on its surface facing the fixed vehicle body (301), and the second limiting plates (313) on the guide vehicle body (311) are offset from the first limiting plates (308) on the telescopic beam; The support ear plate (314) is provided with at least two mounting holes, one mounting hole for hinge connection with the telescopic cylinder (310), and the other mounting hole for detachable connection with the support rod (309).

5. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, Several ranging sensors (302) are installed on the fixed vehicle body (301).

6. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guide body (311) has guide components (312) installed on both sides of its surface. The guide components (312) slide or roll with the guide rails on the drilling rig (701).

7. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the top drive (703): The surface of the fixed vehicle body (301) away from the guide vehicle body (311) is connected to the reduction gearbox assembly (200); A lifting ring (101) is installed on the gearbox assembly (200), and a balancing mechanism (102) is provided on the lifting ring (101); The end of the lifting ring (101) away from the gearbox assembly (200) is connected to the working end of the traveling hoist system (702).

8. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the top drive (703): The gearbox assembly (200) is also equipped with symmetrical motors (103), which are located on one side of the lifting ring (101).

9. A top-drive drilling apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that, In the top drive (703): Along the drilling direction of the top drive (703), starting from the bottom of the gearbox assembly (200), the rotary head assembly (500), the internal blowout preventer (104), the adapter (105) and the back clamp assembly (600) are connected in sequence; A lifting clamp (107) is also provided directly below the back clamp assembly (600), and the lifting clamp (107) is connected to a lifting ring (106), which is connected to the rotary head assembly (500).

10. A top drive drilling method, applied to a top drive drilling apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, It includes several work cycles, and any work cycle includes the following steps: The drill pipe (704) is delivered to the drill receiving position; The top drive (703) is raised to the height of the drilling position by the traveling hoist system (702); The fixed car body (301) is adjusted to the drilling position and the drill rod (704) is connected by the telescopic arm of the top drive (703); The fixed vehicle body (301) is adjusted to the retracted position by the telescopic arm of the top drive (703); The top drive (703) is lowered to the drilling position of the oil well via the traveling hoist system (702); The drill rod (704) is driven by the top drive (703) to drill at the drilling position, or the drill rod (704) is connected to the drill rod (704) of the previous cycle to drill.

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