Electromagnetic linear actuator

Abstract

The invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator for moving a lever in an axial direction relative to a support structure. The electromagnetic actuator comprises an excitation coil wound around a circumferential direction (C) perpendicular to the axial direction (A); a fixed core located at a first axial end of the coil and fixed to the support structure; the rod moving device comprises a rod moving core which is arranged at the second axial end of the coil and is used for being attached to the rod. The rod moving core moves between an open position when the coil is not energized and a closed position when the coil is energized. The open position and the closed position are spaced apart in the axial direction (A) by a rod displacement distance (dod). The electromagnetic actuator also includes a damping device including a damping core disposed between the fixed core and the rod moving core.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator. Background Technology

[0002] For example, Figure 17 As shown, the electromagnetic actuator 1000 is a device that converts electrical energy into mechanical motion using electromagnetic principles. A linear actuator produces linear motion, here along the axial direction A. Here, the rod 1300 is a long, thin bar designed to bear forces and transmit loads in the mechanical system. The rod 1300 is arranged within the electromagnetic actuator 1000 and is moved by the electromagnetic actuator along the axial direction A.

[0003] To move the lever 1300, the electromagnetic actuator includes an electromagnet generated by causing current to flow through a coil 1400. The coil 1400 is wound around a circumferential direction C, thereby, for example, around at least a portion of the lever 1300.

[0004] Coil 1300 generates a magnetic flux B. Magnetic flux density is typically represented by a vector field, denoted by the symbol B, and is a measure of the strength and direction of a magnetic field at a specific point. The generated magnetic flux B can interact with ferromagnetic materials (such as iron or steel), producing a force that can move these materials. Depending on the actuator design, the magnetic flux B attracts or repels the movable core 1100. This motion can be used to perform mechanical work, i.e., to move lever 1300. Therefore, an electromagnetic actuator can move, for example, the contacts of an electrical switch. Electromagnetic actuators can also be used for purposes such as moving valves, pressing buttons, or driving linear mechanisms.

[0005] Generally speaking, compared to other actuation devices, electromagnetic linear actuators offer advantages such as high precision and control, fast response time, high efficiency in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, smooth and continuous motion, low maintenance, quiet operation, and high force density. Depending on the application, electromagnetic actuators may need to meet further requirements.

[0006] For example, the requirements may involve the distance the rod moves, such as Figure 17 As shown, this distance is the distance between the open position when the coil is not energized and the closed position when the coil is energized. The distance the lever moves is, for example, predetermined. Therefore, it can be ensured that the switch contacts are sufficiently spaced in the open position.

[0007] Furthermore, considering external shocks, the shock resistance for maintaining the open position (i.e., when the coil is not energized) can be defined. As used herein, mechanical shock is a sudden and often extreme force or impact applied to an electromagnetic actuator. It typically involves a rapid change in velocity, i.e., acceleration, over a very short period of time, such as by moving the actuator from the open position to the closed position, causing stress and potential damage to components of the system. For example, switches such as high-voltage contactors must withstand mechanical shocks of up to 90 g. In other words, acceleration a under vibration conditions... shock = 90 g. To increase vibration resistance, the holding force used to keep the actuator in the open position can be increased, for example, by increasing the spring stiffness to push the actuator to the open position. For example, with mass m a The actuator is subjected to an impact force F shock = m a * a shock .

[0008] In addition, the actuator may be limited by weight and installation space requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0009] The object of this invention is to provide a solution for actuators that improves parameters such as rod travel distance, resistance, weight, and installation space. Simultaneously, the modifications should not significantly affect characteristics such as high precision and control, fast response time, high efficiency in converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, smooth and continuous motion, low maintenance, quiet operation, and high force density.

[0010] This objective is achieved through the independent claims. The dependent claims address advantageous embodiments.

[0011] Based on the overall aspects, as described above... Figure 17The actuator further includes a damping core disposed between a fixed core and a moving core within the coil. The damping core and the moving core at least partially form the armature. The damping core is movable between a stop position and a release position, the stop position and the release position being spaced apart by a damping distance in the axial direction. The damping core is subject to a holding force. This holding force is used to prevent the moving core from moving in the closed position when the coil is not energized, or to hold the damping core together with a predetermined force. This arrangement of two separate iron cores in the armature helps increase shock resistance. For example, the damping core can act as a stop for the moving core. When the coil is not energized, the holding force is used to prevent the moving core from moving in the closed position. According to another example, the damping core is combined with a holding force that is smaller than the impact force acting on the moving core, and therefore, the damping core can move freely under vibration conditions, and the moving core can be optimized for such vibration conditions. In general, in the release position, when the coil is energized, the damping core allows the moving core to move to the closed position. This helps to provide a predefined pole movement distance.

[0012] Furthermore, the damping distance is less than or equal to the rod travel distance. This helps optimize the holding force. More specifically, a damping distance less than the rod travel distance helps the gap between the damping core and the fixed core in the stopped position to be smaller than the gap between the rod travel core and the fixed core in the open position. This is beneficial for increasing the magnetic flux density between the damping core and the fixed core. Therefore, a higher magnetic force can be applied to the damping core without increasing the coil. This helps increase the holding force for absorbing shocks. Optionally, the holding force can be optimized to keep the damping core in contact with the rod travel core, and the holding force is less than the holding force that prevents the rod travel core from moving in the closed position when the coil is not energized. This helps optimize the magnetic flux and the coupling between the damping core and the fixed core. Therefore, a higher magnetic force can be applied to the armature without increasing the coil. This helps increase the holding force for absorbing shocks.

[0013] The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example using advantageous embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. The described embodiments are merely possible configurations; however, the various features described above may be provided independently of each other or may be omitted. Attached Figure Description

[0014] The accompanying drawings, incorporated in and forming part of the specification, illustrate several embodiments of the invention. These drawings, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are merely examples illustrating preferred and alternative ways of making and using the invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention solely to the illustrated and described embodiments. Furthermore, several aspects of the embodiments can be provided individually or in different combinations to form solutions according to the invention. Therefore, the embodiments described below can be considered individually or in any combination. The described embodiments are merely possible configurations, and it must be remembered that the various features described above can be provided independently of each other or can be omitted entirely in implementing the invention. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following more detailed description of various embodiments of the invention, in which the same reference numerals denote the same elements, wherein:

[0015] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the electromagnetic linear actuator in the open position according to the first example;

[0016] Figure 2 It is in a closed position. Figure 1 Electromagnetic linear actuator;

[0017] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The front view;

[0018] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 The front view;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the second example in the open position;

[0020] Figure 6 It is in a closed position. Figure 5 Electromagnetic linear actuator;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the electromagnetic linear actuator in the open position according to the third example;

[0022] Figure 8 It is in a closed position. Figure 7 Electromagnetic linear actuator;

[0023] Figure 9 yes Figure 7 The front view;

[0024] Figure 10 yes Figure 8 The front view;

[0025] Figure 11It is a cross-sectional perspective view of the electromagnetic linear actuator in the open position according to the fourth example;

[0026] Figure 12 It is in a closed position. Figure 11 Electromagnetic linear actuator;

[0027] Figure 13 yes Figure 11 The front view;

[0028] Figure 14 yes Figure 12 The front view;

[0029] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the electromagnetic linear actuator according to the fifth example in the open position;

[0030] Figure 16 It is in the open position. Figure 15 Electromagnetic linear actuator;

[0031] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of an electromagnetic linear actuator, and

[0032] Figure 18 yes Figure 11 A front view of the electromagnetic linear actuator in the open position during vibration. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The first aspect involves, for example Figure 5 The electromagnetic linear actuator shown is used to move rod 300 along the axial direction A relative to support structure 600. For a description of the electromagnetic linear actuator and rod, refer to the description above. In this document, support structure 600 refers to a frame or system designed to support components attached thereto, providing stability, strength, and support. It may form a housing around the components.

[0034] The electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect includes an excitation coil 400 wound around a circumferential direction C perpendicular to the axial direction A. A description of the coil 400 is given above. Specifically, the wire of the coil 400 is wound along the circumferential direction C. The coil 400 has multiple turns of wire. The magnetic flux B of the turns increases at the center of the coil 400. The coil 400 generating the magnetic flux B has two axial ends, also called magnetic poles, namely the north pole and the south pole. The magnetic flux B can be described by a vector field. In the coil 400, the magnetic flux B can be considered as being generated by… Figure 5 and 17 The first approximation is established by the parallel field vector indicated by the arrow in the figure.

[0035] The electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect includes a fixed core 500 located at a first axial end of coil 400 and fixed to a support structure 600. As used herein, the core is a piece of ferromagnetic material, such as iron or steel, placed inside the conductor of coil 400. This helps to enhance the magnetic flux B generated by the current flowing through the conductor. Fixed to the support structure 600 means that the fixed core 500 will not move relative to the support structure 600. Figure 5 As shown, the first axial end is, for example, near the North Pole, where the field line is 500 degrees away from the coil.

[0036] The electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect includes a rod-moving device, which includes a rod-moving core 100 disposed at a second axial end of a coil and attached to a rod. The rod-moving core, when the coil 400 is not energized, for example... Figure 1 , 3 The open positions shown in 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17, and the position when coil 400 is energized, for example... Figure 2 , 4 The lever moves between the closed positions shown in 1, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. As used herein, "movement" means that the lever moving core 100 can move between two different positions, namely, the open position and the closed position. In the open position, if the actuator is, for example, a switch, then the contacts connected to the lever, such as bridge contacts, can open or close the circuit. The second axial end is opposite to the first axial end and, for example, close to the south pole of the magnetic field lines entering the coil 500, as shown in 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Figure 5 and 15 As shown.

[0037] In the electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect, the open position and the closed position are spaced apart by a rod movement distance d_rod in the axial direction A, such as... Figure 6 and 16 As shown. The rod travel distance d_rod can be predefined, for example, by how much the switch contacts must move between the open and closed positions.

[0038] According to the first aspect, the electromagnetic actuator includes a damping device, with a damping core 200 disposed between a fixed core 500 and a moving core 100. In other words, the damping core 200 is arranged within the coil 400, i.e., the wire surrounds the damping core 200, and the core is arranged between opposing axial ends. As mentioned above, the magnetic flux B of the coil 400 is strongest inside the coil. It is noteworthy that the damping core 200 and the moving core 100 together form a movable part of the actuator. This movable part is commonly referred to as the armature, and its mass is m. a .

[0039] Considering that the electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect includes two movable parts, namely a rod-moving core 100 and a shock-absorbing core 200, the force subjected to impact can be reduced. Specifically, the rod-moving core 100 may have a mass m 100 and withstand impact force F shock = m 100 * a shock Furthermore, the damping core 200 can have a mass m 200 and withstand impact force F shock = m 200 *a shock In other words, by using mass m a Divided into m 100 and m 200 This can reduce m 100 It withstands the impact force. The shock-absorbing core 200 can move, while the rod-moving core 100 does not move due to vibration, such as... Figure 18 As shown. During normal operation, the damping core 200 m 200 And rod moving core 100 m 100 The combination of these components is used to operate the actuator during normal operation, to conduct magnetic flux and allow the actuator to move. In other words, the damping core 200 helps to receive momentum under vibration.

[0040] According to the first aspect, the damping core 200 moves between the stop position and the release position, for example, Figure 1 , 3 As shown in figures 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17, in the stop position, when coil 400 is not energized, the damping core 200 is held by a holding force, for example, as shown in figures 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17. Figure 2 , 4 As shown in figures 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16, in the released position, when coil 40 is energized, damping core 200 causes rod moving core 100 to move to the closed position. The holding force can be, for example, by... Figures 1 to 4 and the springs shown in 11 to 14 or as Figures 7 to 10 The permanent magnet shown is provided. The holding force helps to keep the damping core 200 in place. Figures 1 to 4 The stop position in the middle, or keep the shock absorber core 200 and Figures 7 to 11 The rod moving core 100 in the middle makes contact. Therefore, in Figures 7 to 14 In this solution, the holding force only needs to compensate for gravity and can be designed to be quite small. In cases of vibration, such as... Figure 18 As shown, the damping core 200 is in the released position, while the rod moving core 100 remains in the open position. In other words, in Figure 18 In the middle, the damping core 200 receives momentum under vibration.

[0041] According to the first embodiment, when the coil is not energized, vibration occurs, and the damping core 200 can prevent the rod from moving. Figures 1 to 4 As shown.

[0042] Optionally, according to Figures 7 to 11 In the second example shown, the damping core 200 is held by a retaining force F retain The holding force is lower than that of F. shock200 = m 200 * a shock The force generated by the impact. Furthermore, the moving core 100 is held by a retaining force F. hold The holding force is greater than that of F. shock100 = m 100 * a shock The force generated by the impact. Therefore, when the coil is not energized and vibration occurs, the damping core 200 moves to the release position, while the rod moving core 100 remains in the open position. By dividing the mass of the movable parts, F can be reduced. hold It is worth noting that choosing F... retain This ensures that when the coil is not energized and no vibration occurs, the damping core 200 and the rod moving core 100 are in contact. When the coil is energized to close the switch, the ratio F... shock100 + F shock200 A large, reduced magnetic force can move the rod-moving core to the open position.

[0043] In the electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect, the stop position and the release position are axially spaced apart by a damping distance d_shock, such as Figure 5 As shown. In other words, according to an example, the damping core and holding force thus define the spring force or the magnetic force of the permanent magnet, which is the force exerted by the spring when it is compressed or stretched from its natural length, or the attractive magnetic force of the permanent magnet. In the case of a spring, this force can be described by Hooke's Law, which states that the force exerted by the spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring from its equilibrium position. Similarly, this can be defined for a magnet or in relation to gravity. Here, the maximum displacement is the damping distance d_shock. In the case of a spring, the force F is expressed as F = -k * d_shock, where k is the spring constant, for example... Figures 1 to 4 The spring constant of the damping spring shown is or Figures 7 to 14 The spring constant of the retaining spring is shown. According to... Figures 1 to 4 The first example shown illustrates a spring force resisting an impact, which can be expressed in the unit of force, Newton (N). According to... Figures 7 to 14 The second example shown retains the spring's reaction to the impact. Considering the two movable cores, each with a reduced mass compared to an armature with only one movable core, the spring constant of the retaining spring can be reduced compared to an arrangement with only one core. Therefore, compared to an armature with a mass of m... 100 +m200 Compared to a movable core, the first aspect describes a core with a mass of m. 100 and m 200 The actuator with two movable cores helps optimize parameters in terms of low overall weight, high shock resistance, and large rod travel distance (d_rod). In particular, in the event of vibration, only one core needs to be held in place.

[0044] In the electromagnetic actuator according to the first aspect, the damping distance d_shock is less than or equal to the rod travel distance d_rod. According to the first example, the damping distance d_shock is smaller than the rod travel distance d_rod. As mentioned above, when the damping core 200 is arranged close to the fixed core 500 in the coil, the magnetic flux density increases. Therefore, compared to an armature consisting of only one core of the same mass, the reduced distance is advantageous for using a lighter coil because of the higher magnetic flux density. Thus, this arrangement is advantageous for moving the damping core 200, even if the damping core 200 is held in the stopped position with a greater holding force. Therefore, the actuator described with the first example of the first aspect further contributes to optimizing parameters in terms of low overall weight, high shock resistance, and large rod travel distance d_rod. According to the second example of the first aspect, with the holding force F hold In comparison, the holding force is smaller. In other words, the rod-moving core 100 is held in place due to vibration, while the damping core 200 can move due to vibration. Considering the reduced mass of the rod-moving core 100 compared to an armature consisting of only one core, parameters can be optimized. In all solutions, the damping core 200 is not connected to the rod, and the actuator remains in the open position. Therefore, compared to an armature consisting of only one core with a similar mass, an armature with two movable cores is advantageous in all solutions for using lighter coils, as the mass of the armature is separated and magnetic coupling can be increased. The arrangement according to the first example facilitates the movement of the damping core 200 using the rod-moving core 100, even though the rod-moving core 100 is held by a larger holding force. Therefore, the actuator described with the first aspect helps to optimize parameters in terms of low overall weight, high shock resistance, and large rod travel distance d_rod.

[0045] The second aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to aspect 1, wherein when the rod-moving core 100 is in the open position, the rod-moving core 100 is spaced apart from the damping core 200, the damping core 200 is spaced apart from the fixed core 500, and a holding force is used to prevent the rod-moving core 100 from moving in the closed position when the coil 400 is not energized. As used herein, the spaced-out objects have a measurable distance between them. They do not contact each other and are separated by a certain amount of space. For example, as... Figure 1 , 3 As shown in 5, 7 and 9, cores 100, 200 and 500 are spaced apart in the axial direction A.

[0046] The third aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, in which, when the rod moving core 100 is in the closed position, the rod moving core 100 contacts the damping core 200, and the damping core 200 contacts the fixed core 500. As used herein, the objects in contact are almost without distance between them. When they are in contact, they are in contact. Therefore, the objects are either very close with minimal gap or in direct contact. Figure 2 , 4 As shown in 6, 8 and 10 to 16, at least two of cores 100, 200 and 500 are in contact in the axial direction A.

[0047] The fourth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the damping core 200 and the fixed core 500 include flat surfaces extending perpendicular to the axial direction A for contacting each other when the damping core is in the released position. The magnetic flux density in the gap between these two opposing surfaces must be high enough to move the damping core via the coil. The flat surface perpendicular to the axial direction A facilitates the magnetic flux density in this region, allowing the damping core to move. Specifically, the flat surface is arranged in a central region within the coil 400. This central region is sufficiently spaced from the axial end of the coil 400, i.e., not within 10% of the total length of the coil 400 in the axial direction A as measured from its axial end. In this region, the magnetic flux density is higher than that near the axial end.

[0048] The fifth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein each of the damping core 200 and the rod moving core 100 includes a tapered surface chamfered in the axial direction A for contacting each other when the rod moving cores are in a closed position. For example, Figures 7 to 14 As shown, the damping core 200 and the rod moving core 100 have an arrangement similar to a conical clutch. This arrangement prevents magnetic flux from bypassing the rod moving core and helps to align the damping core 200 with the rod moving core 100 when moved to the closed position.

[0049] The sixth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the rod-moving device further includes a retaining spring 110. For example, as Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14 As shown, the retaining spring 110 is attached to the moving core 100 and the fixed core 500 of the rod. For Figures 1 to 4 When the coil is not energized, the retaining spring 110 helps to maintain the force pushing the lever movement core 100 in the open position. Therefore, the lever movement core 100 moves in the open position independently of the potential attractive force acting on the lever that holds the electromagnetic linear actuator in the closed position, and / or helps the lever movement core 100 remain in the open position in the event of vibration.

[0050] The seventh aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the damping device further includes force adjustment elements 210, 210'. For example... Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 11 to 14 As shown, the force adjustment element may include a force adjustment spring 210, which is attached to the damping core 200 and the fixing core 500. For example, as Figures 7 to 10 As shown, the force adjustment element may include a permanent magnet 210', which is, for example, disposed between the rod moving core 100 and the damping core 200. The force adjustment element facilitates pushing the damping core 200 with force. Therefore, according to the first example, the damping core 200 can be independent of... Figures 1 to 4 The installation orientation of the electromagnetic linear actuator serves as a stop, and / or, in the absence of vibration, Figures 7 to 14 The contact between the damping core 200 and the rod moving core is ensured, with the damping core specifically designed to receive momentum under vibration.

[0051] The eighth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to aspects 6 and 7, wherein the force adjusting spring 210 has a different spring stiffness than the retaining spring 110. In the case where the force adjusting spring 210 has a different spring stiffness than the retaining spring 110, for example... Figures 1 to 4 As shown, when coil 400 is energized, force-adjusting spring 210 assists in moving rod moving core 100 to contact damping core 200 in the stopped position. In this case, initially only one spring is active, and then the second spring engages when the first gap is overcome. The spring stiffnesses of the two springs are then added together. It is worth noting that spring 210 does not necessarily have to have a higher spring stiffness. Advantageously, spring 210 has a low or decreasing spring stiffness and a high preload. In this configuration, the magnetic flux density in coil 400 is increased, especially in the gap between damping core 200 and fixed core 500. This increased magnetic flux density facilitates the movement of rod moving core 100 and damping core 200 in the closed and released positions, respectively.

[0052] When the force adjustment spring 210 has a lower spring stiffness than the holding spring 110, the force adjustment spring 210 helps to ensure contact between the damping core 200 and the rod moving core 100.

[0053] According to the choice in the eighth aspect, the force adjustment spring 210 surrounds the retaining spring 110 in the circumferential direction C. Even though this arrangement requires some space for the force adjustment spring 210, and the force adjustment spring 210 reduces the coupling efficiency of the coil 400 considering the reduced cross-sectional area of ​​the damping core 200, the separation of the movable core still improves the overall parameters and thus helps to optimize the damping of the armature.

[0054] The ninth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the preceding aspects, wherein the damping core 200 includes a stationary core protrusion 220 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. The stationary core protrusion 220 helps to limit the movement of the damping core 200 in the direction of the stop position in the stop position. Therefore, the damping distance can be limited with high precision. Preferably, the stationary core protrusion 220 is shorter in the axial direction A than the length of the damping core 200 in the axial direction A. This helps to reduce the effect on the magnetic flux density in the coil near the central axis. Advantageously, the force adjusting spring 210 of aspect 7 is attached to the stationary core protrusion 220 of the damping core 200 and the fixed core 500. This is a particularly compact arrangement that helps to increase the magnetic flux density.

[0055] The tenth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the support structure 600 includes a stationary support protrusion 620 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. The stationary support protrusion 620, in a stopped position, restricts the movement of the damping core 200 in the direction of the stopped position such that the damping distance is less than the rod movement distance. Therefore, the damping distance can be limited with high precision. Preferably, the stationary support protrusion 620 is made of a non-ferromagnetic material so as not to affect, and in particular not to reduce, the magnetic flux density in the coil near the central axial axis.

[0056] The eleventh aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the damping core 200 is spaced apart from the rod 300. This facilitates independent movement of the damping core 200 and the rod 300. Advantageously, the damping core 200 includes a through-hole 212, and the rod 300 is guided in the through-hole. Even though this arrangement requires some space for the through-hole 212, which reduces the coupling efficiency of the coil 400 given the reduced cross-sectional area of ​​the damping core 200, the separation of the movable core still improves the overall parameters and thus helps to optimize the damping of the armature.

[0057] The twelfth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the support structure 600 includes a core guide portion 610. This core guide portion 610 facilitates the movement of the rod-moving core 100 along the axial direction A. Advantageously, the core guide portion 610 includes a recess, preferably a through-hole 612, and the rod-moving core 100 is guided within the through-hole 612. This is a particularly compact arrangement, which helps to increase the magnetic flux density. Additionally or alternatively, the core guide portion 610 of the support structure 600 comprises a ferromagnetic material.

[0058] The thirteenth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the fixed core 500 includes a rod guiding portion 512 for guiding the rod 300 to move along the axial direction A. Advantageously, the fixed core 500 includes a through-hole 512, and the rod 300 is guided in the through-hole 512. This is a particularly compact arrangement, which helps to increase the magnetic flux density. Preferably, the guiding portions discussed above, in particular the through-holes 212, 512, 612, are aligned with each other in the axial direction.

[0059] The fourteenth aspect relates to an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the foregoing aspects, further comprising a rod 300 attached to a rod movement core 100, wherein the rod 300 includes a limiting protrusion 310 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. The limiting protrusion 310 helps to limit the movement of the rod 300 in the open position in the direction of the open position. Therefore, the rod movement distance d_rod can be limited with high precision.

[0060] The fifteenth aspect relates to a switch for switching circuits, the switch comprising an electromagnetic linear actuator according to any of the preceding aspects. An electrical switch is a device for opening or closing a circuit, thereby controlling the current in the circuit. In particular, this switch is a high-voltage (HV) switch used in electric vehicles such as automobiles.

[0061] Now, referring to the accompanying drawings, and especially to... Figures 1 to 4 (First example) Figures 7 to 10 (Third example) and Figures 10 to 14 (Fourth example), a detailed explanation of the example.

[0062] Three examples ( Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14 An electromagnetic linear actuator moves a rod 300 relative to a support structure 600 along the axial direction A. An operating device (not shown), such as a contactor or valve, can be connected to the outer end 320 of the rod 300. The rod 300 may also include a limiting protrusion 310 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. For example, Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14 In the example shown, the annular ring forms a limiting protrusion 310.

[0063] All examples of electromagnetic actuators include an excitation coil 400 wound around a circumferential direction C perpendicular to the axial direction A, and a retaining core 500 located at a first axial end of the coil 400 and fixed to a support structure 600. The coil may include terminals 402 and 404 for controlling and actuating the coil. The retaining core 500 may include a rod guide portion 512 for guiding the rod 300 to move along the axial direction A. Figures 1 to 4 As shown in Figures 7 to 14, the rod guide portion 512 in the fixed core 500 is formed by a through hole, and the rod 300 is guided in the through hole.

[0064] Three examples ( Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14 The electromagnetic actuator includes a lever movement device comprising a lever movement core 100 disposed at a second axial end of a coil 400, and the lever movement core 100 being attached to the inner end 330 of a lever 300. The lever movement device also includes a retaining spring 110, which, when the coil is not energized, exerts a retaining force to push the lever movement core to an open position. Figures 1 to 4 As shown in Figures 7 to 14, the retaining spring 110 is attached to the moving rod core 100 and the fixed core 500. Specifically, the retaining spring 110 surrounds the rod 300 and is fixed in a central recess formed in the moving rod core 100 and a central recess formed in the fixed core 500.

[0065] The support structure 600 may include a core guide portion 610 for guiding the movement of the rod moving core 100 along the axial direction A. Specifically, the core guide portion 610, together with the rod guide portion 512 that fixes the core 500, facilitates precise movement of the rod 300 along the axial direction A. For example, as Figures 1 to 4 As shown in Figures 7 to 14, the core guide portion 610 includes a through-hole 612, and the rod-moving core 100 is guided within the through-hole 612. Even though not shown in the figures, the core guide portion 610 of the support structure 600 may include a ferromagnetic material, while the remainder of the support structure 600 may include a non-ferromagnetic material. The core guide portion 610 may be sandwiched between the support structure 600 and the outer shell portion of the coil 400. The support structure 600 may also include a stationary support protrusion 620 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. For example, Figures 1 to 4 In the example shown, the annular ring forms a static support protrusion 620.

[0066] Three examples ( Figures 1 to 4 The electromagnetic actuators of (7 to 14) include a damping device comprising a damping core 200 disposed between a fixed core 500 and a rod-moving core 100. Each of the damping core 200 and the fixed core 500 includes flat surfaces 214 and 514 extending perpendicular to the axial direction A. The flat surfaces 214 and 514 face each other and are located within the coil 400. In particular, the flat surfaces are arranged in the central region within the coil 400 in the axial direction A. The damping core 200 may also include a stationary core protrusion 220 extending in a radial direction R perpendicular to the axial direction A. For example, Figures 1 to 4 In the solution shown, the annular ring forms a stationary core protrusion 220. Furthermore, in... Figures 10 to 14 In the solution shown, the annular ring above the conical surface can form a stationary core protrusion 220. Furthermore, the damping core 200 can be spaced apart from the rod 300. For example, in... Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14In the solution shown, the damping core 200 includes a through hole 212, and the rod 300 is guided in the through hole 212.

[0067] Three examples ( Figures 1 to 4 and Figures 7 to 14 The rod moving core 100 can move between the open position when the coil 400 is not energized and the closed position when the coil 400 is energized.

[0068] Open location as follows Figure 1 , 3 As shown in numbers 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15. Specifically, in... Figure 1 , 3 In section 5, when the rod moving core 100 is in the open position, the rod moving core 100 is spaced apart from the shock-absorbing core 200, and the shock-absorbing core 200 is spaced apart from the fixed core 500. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 3 As further shown, the limiting protrusion 310 of the rod 300 limits the movement of the rod 300 and the rod moving core 100 attached thereto in the open position in the direction of the open position.

[0069] Closed position such as Figure 2 , 4 As shown in figures 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. Specifically, when the rod-moving core 100 is in the closed position, the rod-moving core 100 contacts or is as close as possible to the damping core 200, and the damping core 200 contacts the fixed core 500. (Illustrated) Figure 6 As shown, the open and closed positions are separated by a distance d_rod, which is the distance the rod has moved in the axial direction A.

[0070] Three examples ( Figures 1 to 4 The damping core 200 (and 7 to 14) can move between a stop position and a release position. The stop position and the release position are spaced apart by a damping distance d_shock in the axial direction A, as shown below. Figure 6 As shown.

[0071] Figure 1 , 3 Tables 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 show the damping core 200 in the stopped position. (As shown...) Figures 1 to 6 As shown, when the coil is not energized, the damping core 200 is held in place by a holding force that prevents the moving core 100 from moving in the closed position. In other words, the holding force is selected to be greater than the impact force acting on the electromagnetic actuator. The stationary support protrusion 620 restricts the movement of the damping core 200 in the direction of the stop position.

[0072] according to Figures 1 to 4In the first example shown, the damping device includes a force-adjusting spring 210, referred to in the first example as a damping spring 210, for pushing the damping core 200 with a damping force in the stop position. For example, the damping spring 210 is attached to the damping core 200, here the stationary core protrusion 220, and an annular ring formed at the fixed core 500. Specifically, in the first example, when the mass of the damping core 200 is equal to the mass of the rod-moving core 100, the combination of springs 210 and 110 has a higher spring stiffness than the holding spring 110 alone. An alternative spring stiffness can be defined based on the mass distribution between the two cores. Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the damping spring 210 surrounds the retaining spring 110 in the circumferential direction C. Furthermore, the stationary core protrusion 220 restricts the movement of the damping core 200 in the direction of the stop position. The spring force F = -k * d_shock reacts to the impact force F. shock200 = m 200 * a shock The impact, where k is the spring stiffness of the damping spring 210.

[0073] Figure 5 and 6 The second example in the text shows a more general solution to the first example.

[0074] according to Figures 7 to 14 The example shown includes a damping device comprising force adjustment elements, specifically a permanent magnet 210' and a force adjustment spring 210.

[0075] exist Figures 7 to 10 The following section discusses a third example with a permanent magnet 210'. As long as the vibration is below the magnetic force, the permanent magnet 210' uses a holding force to push the damping core 200 towards the rod moving core 100. Here, the magnetic force is short-range. For example, the permanent magnet 210' can be connected to either the rod moving core 100 or the damping core 200. Specifically, in the third example, the permanent magnet 210' ensures contact between the rod moving core 100 and the damping core 200 in the absence of vibration and releases the contact between the rod moving core 100 and the damping core 200 in the presence of vibration. Furthermore, even in the event of vibration, the holding spring 110 will also hold the rod moving core 100... shock100 =m 100 * a shock Keep it in the open position.

[0076] exist Figures 11 to 14 In section 18, a fourth example with a force-adjusting spring 210 was discussed. The force-adjusting spring 210 has a similar function to the permanent magnet 210' in the third example, specifically, the force-adjusting spring 210 is used to push the damping core 200 towards the rod-moving core 100 with a holding force. Specifically, in the fourth example, as... Figure 18As shown, in the absence of vibration, the force adjusting spring 210 ensures contact between the rod moving core 100 and the damping core 200, while in the presence of vibration, it releases the contact between the rod moving core 100 and the damping core 200. Furthermore, even in situations such as... Figure 18 Under the vibration conditions shown, the retaining spring 110 also holds the rod moving core 100 in the open position. Specifically, in the fourth example, the force adjusting spring 210 has a lower spring stiffness than the retaining spring 110. The springs must balance the force of gravity. Figures 11 to 14 As shown in Figure 18, the force adjusting spring 210 surrounds the retaining spring 110 in the circumferential direction C.

[0077] Figure 15 and Figure 16 The fifth example in the text shows a more general solution to the third and fourth examples.

[0078] According to the variations shown in the third and fourth examples, such as Figures 7 to 14 As shown, the damping core 200 may include a tapered surface 216, and the rod moving core 100 may include a tapered surface 116. The tapered surfaces 116 and 216 face each other and are chamfered in the axial direction A. This solution can also be applied to the first example. The tapered surfaces 116 and 216 are in contact with each other and help prevent magnetic flux from bypassing the rod moving core.

[0079] Figure 2 , 4 Figures 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 show the damping core 200 in the released position. In the released position, when the coil is energized, the damping core 200 enables the rod moving core 100 to move to the closed position.

[0080] Especially Figure 6 As shown, the damping distance can be less than the rod movement distance. Therefore, as Figure 5 As shown, compared with excluding the shock-absorbing core 200 Figure 11 In the solution shown, the magnetic flux density B between the damping core 200 and the fixed core 500 is increased compared to the magnetic flux density between the moving core 100 and the fixed core 500. This increased magnetic flux density helps the damping core 200, which is held by the holding force used to absorb vibration, to be moved by the coil 400 due to the increased magnetic flux density.

[0081] Especially Figure 15 and 16 As shown, the armature, which includes two cores, facilitates the holding of the spring 110 by keeping the rod-moving core 100 in the open position only, while the damping core 200 can move between the rod-moving core 100 and the fixed core 500 during vibration.

[0082] Figure label description

[0083] 10, 1000 electromagnetic actuators

[0084] 100-pole moving core

[0085] 110 retaining spring

[0086] 116 conical surface

[0087] 200 shock absorber core

[0088] 210 Force Adjustment Spring

[0089] 210 permanent magnet

[0090] 212 through hole

[0091] 214 flat surface

[0092] 216 conical surface

[0093] 220 stationary core protrusion

[0094] 300, 1300 strokes

[0095] 310 Restriction Protrusion

[0096] 320 external terminal

[0097] 330 inner end

[0098] 400, 1400 coils

[0099] 402, 404 terminal

[0100] 500 fixed core

[0101] 512 through hole

[0102] 514 flat surface

[0103] 600 support structure

[0104] 610 core boot section

[0105] 612 through hole

[0106] 620 Static Support Protrusion

Claims

1. An electromagnetic linear actuator (10) for moving a rod (300) relative to a support structure (600) along an axial direction (A), the electromagnetic actuator comprising: An excitation coil (400) is wound around a circumferential direction (C) perpendicular to the axial direction (A); A fixing core (500) located at the first axial end of the coil (400) and fixed to the support structure (600); The rod moving device includes a rod moving core (100) disposed at the second axial end of the coil (400) and for attachment to the rod (300). The rod moving core (100) moves between the open position when the coil (400) is not energized and the closed position when the coil (400) is energized. The open and closed positions are separated by a distance (d_rod) in the axial direction (A); The shock-absorbing device includes a shock-absorbing core (200) disposed between a fixed core (500) and a rod-moving core (100). The damping core (200) moves between a stop position and a release position. In the stop position, the damping core (200) is held by a holding force, and in the release position, the damping core (200) allows the rod moving core (100) to move to the closed position when the coil (400) is energized. The stop position and release position are separated by a damping distance (d_shock) in the axial direction (A); and The shock absorption distance (d_shock) is less than or equal to the rod movement distance (d_rod).

2. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to claim 1, wherein, When the rod moving core (100) is in the open position, the rod moving core (100) is spaced apart from the damping core (200) and the damping core (200) is spaced apart from the fixed core (500), and the holding force is used to prevent the rod moving core (100) from moving in the closed position when the coil (400) is not energized.

3. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, when the rod moving core (100) is in the closed position, the rod moving core (100) contacts the damping core (200) and the damping core (200) contacts the fixed core (500).

4. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The damping core (200) and the fixing core (500) include flat surfaces (214, 514) extending perpendicular to the axial direction (A) for contacting each other when the damping core (200) is in the released position. Optionally, the flat surfaces (214, 514) are arranged in the central region within the coil (400).

5. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10”) according to any one of the preceding claims, each of the damping core (200) and the rod moving core (100) includes a tapered surface (216, 116) chamfered in the axial direction (A) for contacting each other when the rod moving core (100) is in the closed position.

6. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The rod moving device further includes a retaining spring (110) for pushing the rod moving core (100) to the open position with a retaining force when the coil (400) is not energized. Optionally, the retaining spring (110) is attached to the rod moving core (100) and the fixing core (500).

7. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The damping device also includes force adjustment elements (210, 210') for forcefully pushing the damping core (200) in the direction of the moving core of the rod.

8. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10') according to claim 7, wherein, The force adjustment element includes at least one of a force adjustment spring (210) and a permanent magnet (210'), the force adjustment spring preferably being attached to the damping core (200) and the fixed core (500), the permanent magnet preferably being disposed between the rod moving core (100) and the damping core (200), the damping core (200) being used to receive momentum in the event of vibration.

9. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10') according to claims 6 to 8, wherein, The force adjusting spring (210) has a different spring stiffness than the retaining spring (110), and optionally, the force adjusting spring (210) surrounds the retaining spring (110) in the circumferential direction (C).

10. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10, 10') according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The damping core (200) includes a stationary core protrusion (220) extending in a radial direction (R) perpendicular to the axial direction (A), the stationary core protrusion (220) restricting the movement of the damping core (200) in the direction of the stop position, optionally wherein the force adjusting spring (210) of claim 8 is attached to the stationary core protrusion (220) and the fixing core (500) of the damping core.

11. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The support structure (600) includes a stationary support protrusion (620) extending in a radial direction (R) perpendicular to the axial direction (A), the stationary support protrusion (620) restricting the movement of the shock-absorbing core (200) in the direction of the stop position, such that the shock-absorbing distance (d_shock) is less than the rod movement distance (d_rod).

12. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The shock-absorbing core (200) is spaced apart from the rod (300). Optionally, the shock-absorbing core (200) includes a through hole (212), and the rod (300) is guided in the through hole (212).

13. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the support structure (600) includes a core guide portion (610) for guiding the rod moving core (100) to move along an axial direction (A), optionally wherein the core guide portion (610) includes a hole (612) and the rod moving core (100) is guided in the hole (612), optionally wherein the core guide portion (610) of the support structure (600) comprises a ferromagnetic material and / or The fixed core (500) includes a rod guide portion (512) for guiding the rod (300) to move along the axial direction (A). Optionally, the fixed core (500) includes a through hole (512) and the rod (300) is guided in the through hole (512).

14. The electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any one of the preceding claims further includes a rod (300) attached to the rod moving core (100), wherein the rod (300) includes a limiting protrusion (310) extending in a radial direction (R) perpendicular to the axial direction (A), the limiting protrusion (310) limiting the movement of the rod (300) in the direction of the open position in the open position.

15. A switch for switching circuits, the switch comprising an electromagnetic linear actuator (10) according to any of the preceding claims.

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