Strain monitoring system and optical cable construction technology

Abstract

The invention discloses a strain monitoring system and an optical cable construction technology, and belongs to the technical field of pipelines. According to the system, pump light and detection light are respectively emitted from two ends of a sensing optical cable, the pump light and the detection light generate Brillouin scattering, Brillouin scattering light is emitted from the sensing optical cable and enters an optical detector, the optical detector converts an optical signal into an electric signal and sends the electric signal to electronic equipment, and the electronic equipment sends the electric signal based on the electric signal. And determining the strain conditions of the pipeline body and the nearby soil body. Since one part of the sensing optical cable is laid on the surface of the pipeline and the other part of the sensing optical cable is located in the soil body near the pipeline, the optical signal received by the optical detector can reflect the stress condition of the pipeline body and the soil body near the pipeline body. The electronic equipment not only can determine the strain condition of the pipeline body, but also can determine the strain condition of the soil body near the pipeline based on the electric signal converted from the optical signal, so that the pipeline body and the soil body near the pipeline are jointly monitored, and the monitoring comprehensiveness is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of pipeline technology, and in particular to a strain monitoring system and an optical cable construction process. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, due to the long-distance laying of buried pipelines, the geological features and natural conditions along the pipeline routes are complex and harsh. Pipelines are frequently threatened by high-risk environments such as landslides, floods, earthquakes, mudslides, and collapses, which can easily cause overall displacement, localized deformation, or stress concentration, ultimately leading to pipeline buckling or creep, or even pipeline breakage and failure. Therefore, pipeline monitoring is necessary to maintain safe operation.

[0003] The relevant technologies only monitor the pipeline itself and do not monitor the surrounding soil. However, when the soil around the pipeline is subjected to stress and displacement, it will also affect the pipeline itself. In this case, the methods in the relevant technologies cannot detect it, so the monitoring is not comprehensive enough. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a strain monitoring system and optical cable construction process, which can improve the comprehensiveness of monitoring. The technical solution is as follows:

[0005] On the one hand, a strain monitoring system is provided, the system comprising a sensing optical cable, a photodetector and an electronic device connected in sequence;

[0006] The two ends of the sensing optical cable are set on the pipeline to be monitored. A part of the sensing optical cable is laid on the surface of the pipeline, and the other part is located in the soil near the pipeline. The sensing optical cable is used to receive the first detection light at one end and the pump light at the other end, and to obtain Brillouin scattered light.

[0007] The photodetector is disposed on one side of the pipe and is used to receive the Brillouin scattered light, convert the Brillouin scattered light into an electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to the electronic device.

[0008] The electronic device is used to receive the electrical signal and, based on the electrical signal, determine the strain of the pipeline and the soil nearby.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the system further includes: an optical switch and a circulator;

[0010] The optical switch is electrically connected to the first port of the circulator, the second port of the circulator is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable, and the third port of the circulator is electrically connected to the photodetector.

[0011] The optical switch is used to receive the second probe light and convert the second probe light into the pump light, which enters the first port of the circulator;

[0012] The circulator is used to emit the pump light from the second port, and the pump light enters the other end of the sensing optical cable;

[0013] The circulator is also used to receive the Brillouin scattered light through the second port, emit the Brillouin scattered light from the third port, and the Brillouin scattered light enters the photodetector.

[0014] In another possible implementation, the system further includes a laser and a coupler;

[0015] The laser, one end of the coupler, and the optical switch are electrically connected in sequence, and the other end of the coupler is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable.

[0016] The laser is used to emit detection light;

[0017] The coupler is used to split the probe light into a first probe light and a second probe light, and send the first probe light to the sensing optical cable and the second probe light to the optical switch.

[0018] In another possible implementation, the system further includes: an optical frequency modulator;

[0019] The other end of the coupler is electrically connected to one end of the optical frequency modulator, and the other end of the optical frequency modulator is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable.

[0020] The coupler is used to send the first probe light to the optical frequency modulator;

[0021] The optical frequency modulator is used to modulate the frequency of the first probe light and send the frequency-modulated first probe light to the sensing optical cable.

[0022] In another possible implementation, the system further includes: an optical amplifier;

[0023] The two ends of the optical amplifier are electrically connected to the optical switch and the first port of the circulator, respectively;

[0024] The optical switch is used to convert the second probe light into the pump light, and the pump light enters the optical amplifier;

[0025] The optical amplifier is used to amplify the signal of the pump light, and the amplified pump light enters the first port of the circulator.

[0026] On the other hand, a fiber optic cable construction process is provided for use in a strain monitoring system, the strain monitoring system including a sensing fiber optic cable, and the process includes:

[0027] Fix the beginning of the sensing optical cable at the beginning of the pipeline to be monitored;

[0028] Starting from the beginning of the pipe, at first preset distances, the portion of the sensing optical cable between the beginning and the target point is fixed on the surface of the pipe until the end of the pipe is reached, at which point the target point of the sensing optical cable is fixed.

[0029] Starting from the location of the soil at the end of the pipeline, at second preset distances, fix the portion of the sensing optical cable between the target point and the end in the soil until the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline is reached, and fix the end of the sensing optical cable at the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline.

[0030] In one possible implementation, fixing the beginning of the sensing optical cable at the beginning of the pipe to be monitored includes:

[0031] Viscoelastic tape and polyethylene cold-applied tape are adhered to the surface of the first end of the sensing optical cable;

[0032] The beginning of the sensing optical cable is fixed at the beginning of the pipe by a hose clamp.

[0033] In another possible implementation, the sensing optical cable is laid in the first direction, the second direction and the third direction, respectively, with the center of the pipe cross-section as the origin.

[0034] Wherein, the first direction is located directly above the origin, the angle formed by the first direction, the origin and the second direction is 120°, and the angle formed by the second direction, the origin and the third direction is 120°.

[0035] In another possible implementation, the sensing optical cable includes a tight-packed single-core optical cable, a loose-tube single-core optical cable, and reinforcing ribs.

[0036] In another possible implementation, the target point is the midpoint of the sensing optical cable, and the distance between the midpoint and the beginning of the sensing optical cable is equal to the distance between the midpoint and the end of the sensing optical cable.

[0037] On the other hand, an electronic device is provided, comprising a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the operations performed by the electronic device in the strain monitoring system.

[0038] On the other hand, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, wherein at least one piece of program code is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, the at least one piece of program code being loaded and executed by a processor to implement the operations performed by electronic devices in a strain monitoring system.

[0039] On the other hand, a computer program product is provided, which stores at least one piece of program code, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the operations performed by electronic devices in a strain monitoring system.

[0040] This application provides a strain monitoring system. Pump light and probe light are incident from both ends of a sensing optical cable. Brillouin scattering occurs within the sensing optical cable, and the scattered light exits and enters a photodetector. The photodetector converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then sent to an electronic device. Based on the received electrical signal, the electronic device determines the strain of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil. Since part of the sensing optical cable is laid on the pipeline surface and the other part is located in the soil near the pipeline, the optical signal received by the photodetector can reflect the stress on the pipeline body and the surrounding soil. Therefore, based on the electrical signal converted from the optical signal, the electronic device can determine not only the strain on the pipeline body but also the strain on the surrounding soil, thus enabling joint monitoring of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil and improving the comprehensiveness of the monitoring.

[0041] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and do not limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a strain monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of another strain monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an optical cable construction process provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a pipeline to be monitored provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 5 This is a front view of a pipeline to be monitored, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 6 This is a structural block diagram of a terminal provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0048] The reference numerals in the attached figures represent:

[0049] 10-Sensing optical cable, 11-Photodetector, 12-Electronic device, 13-Optical switch, 14-Circulator,

[0050] 15-Laser, 16-Coupled, 17-Optical frequency modulator, 18-Optical amplifier. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the technical solution and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below.

[0052] The terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc., used in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or means is not limited to the listed steps or means, but may optionally include steps or means not listed, or may optionally include other steps or means inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices.

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a strain monitoring system provided in an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 1 The system includes a sensing optical cable 10, a photodetector 11, and an electronic device 12 that are electrically connected in sequence.

[0054] The two ends of the sensing optical cable 10 are set on the pipeline to be monitored. A part of the sensing optical cable 10 is laid on the surface of the pipeline, and the other part is located in the soil near the pipeline. The sensing optical cable 10 is used to receive the first detection light at one end and the pump light at the other end, and to obtain Brillouin scattered light.

[0055] A photodetector 11 is located on one side of the pipe and is used to receive Brillouin scattered light, convert the Brillouin scattered light into an electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to an electronic device 12.

[0056] Electronic device 12 is used to receive electrical signals and, based on the electrical signals, determine the strain of the pipeline and the soil in its vicinity.

[0057] The electrical connection can be a cable connection or other connection methods, and this application embodiment does not specifically limit it.

[0058] In this embodiment, based on the BOTDA system (Brillouin time domain analysis technology), Brillouin scattering is generated in the sensing optical cable 10 by a pump light and probe light in a cross-beam manner, and the optical signal of the Brillouin scattered light is converted into an electrical signal. The electronic device 12 uses the electrical signal to jointly monitor the strain of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil.

[0059] The electronic device 12 can be provided as a terminal, or as both a terminal and a server; there is no specific limitation in this regard. If the electronic device 12 is provided as both a terminal and a server, the terminal and the server can be connected via a wireless or wired network.

[0060] If the electronic device 12 is provided as a terminal, the terminal determines the strain of the pipeline and the surrounding soil based on the electrical signal.

[0061] If the electronic device 12 is provided as a terminal and a server, the terminal sends electrical signals to the server, which determines the strain of the pipeline and the surrounding soil, and then returns the processing result to the terminal. Correspondingly, a target application is installed on the terminal to determine the strain of the pipeline and the surrounding soil, and the server is the backend server for the target application, providing background services for the target application.

[0062] The terminal is at least one of the following: tablet computer, desktop computer, PC (Personal Computer) device, mobile phone, intelligent voice interaction device, and vehicle terminal. The server is at least one of the following: a single server, a server cluster consisting of multiple servers, a cloud server, a cloud computing platform, and a virtualization center.

[0063] In this embodiment, a portion of the sensing optical cable 10 is laid on the surface of the pipe, while another portion is located in the soil near the pipe. The laying method can be as follows: the first end of the sensing optical cable 10 is fixed to the first end of the pipe; the portion from the first end of the sensing optical cable 10 to the target point is laid on the surface of the pipe; the portion from the target point to the last end of the sensing optical cable 10 is located in the soil near the pipe. Thus, the signal corresponding to the sensing optical cable 10 on the pipe surface can reflect the strain of the pipe body, and the signal corresponding to the sensing optical cable 10 in the soil can reflect the strain of the soil near the pipe. Therefore, the electronic device 12 can determine not only the strain on the pipe body but also the strain on the soil near the pipe, thereby enabling joint monitoring of the pipe body and its surrounding soil and improving the comprehensiveness of the monitoring.

[0064] The target point can be the midpoint or any other point near the midpoint; there is no specific limitation. If the target point is the midpoint, the distance from the midpoint to the beginning of the sensing optical cable 10 is equal to the distance from the midpoint to the end of the sensing optical cable 10. If the target point is any other point near the midpoint, the difference between the distance from this other point to the beginning of the sensing optical cable 10 and the distance from this other point to the end of the sensing optical cable 10 is within a preset difference range. For ease of distinction, the distance from this other point to the beginning of the sensing optical cable 10 is referred to as the first distance, and the distance from this other point to the end of the sensing optical cable 10 is referred to as the second distance. The difference between the first distance and the second distance must be within a preset difference range. The first distance can be greater than or less than the second distance, but the difference must be within the preset difference range. The specific construction process of the sensing optical cable 10 will be described in detail below and will not be repeated here.

[0065] In this embodiment of the application, the electronic device 12 can determine the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at different locations based on electrical signals, and display the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at different locations through a display interface. The magnitude of the stress is used to reflect the strain of the pipeline and the soil nearby.

[0066] The electronic device 12 can use a line graph to reflect the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at different locations. For example, if the length of the sensing optical cable 10 is 100m, the electronic device 12 can use a line graph to reflect the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 from 0 to 100m.

[0067] In one possible implementation, when the electronic device 12 displays the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at different locations, it marks the stress type corresponding to the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at that location, that is, it marks whether the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at that location is the stress on the pipe or the stress on the soil.

[0068] For example, if the target point is the midpoint and the pipe length is 50m, then the length of the sensing optical cable 10 is 100m. Then the electronic device 12 can mark the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 from 0 to 50m as the stress on the pipe from 0 to 50m, and the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 from 50 to 100m as the stress on the soil where the pipe from 50 to 0m is located.

[0069] Since the portion of the sensing optical cable 10 from its head to the target point is laid on the surface of the pipe, and the portion of the sensing optical cable 10 from the target point to its tail is located in the soil near the pipe, the signals from different positions of the sensing optical cable 10 at the same location of the pipe and the soil therein can reflect the stress on the pipe and the soil therein at the same location.

[0070] For example, if the target point is the midpoint and the pipe length is 50m, then the length of the sensing optical cable 10 is 100m. The position of the sensing optical cable 10 at a length of 10m corresponds to the pipe position when the pipe length is 10m, and the position of the sensing optical cable 10 at a length of 90m corresponds to the position of the soil where the pipe is located when the pipe length is 10m. In other words, the signals corresponding to the positions of the sensing optical cable at 10m and 90m can reflect the stress on the pipe position and the soil position when the pipe length is 10m.

[0071] Correspondingly, when the electronic device 12 indicates that the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 is the same as the stress on the soil where the pipeline is located, it can indicate which location on the pipeline is experiencing the stress. For example, if the stress at 10m of the sensing optical cable is the same as the stress at 10m of the pipeline, and the stress at 90m of the sensing optical cable is the same as the stress on the soil at 10m of the pipeline, then the electronic device 12 will display the stress on the soil at 10m of the pipeline at the location of the 90m sensing optical cable. This allows relevant personnel to visually observe the stress on the pipeline and the soil it is located in.

[0072] In one possible implementation, when the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at any location exceeds a preset stress value, the electronic device 12 can issue an early warning based on the pipe position corresponding to that location.

[0073] For example, if the stress at 10m and 90m of the sensing optical cable is greater than the preset stress value, since the stress at 10m and 90m of the sensing optical cable is the stress at 10m of the pipeline and the soil therein, the electronic device 12 can display a warning message that the pipeline and the soil therein are under greater stress at 10m of the pipeline.

[0074] For example, if the stress at 90m of the sensing optical cable is greater than the preset stress value, the electronic device 12 can display a warning message that the soil where the pipeline is located at 10m of the pipeline is under greater stress.

[0075] The warning method can be set and changed as needed. For example, the electronic device 12 can also provide sound and light warnings, send warning messages to preset terminals, or send call requests to preset terminals to notify the staff corresponding to the preset terminals.

[0076] In this embodiment, when the stress on the sensing optical cable 10 at any location exceeds a preset stress value, the electronic device 12 can further determine the stress range of the stress based on the stress on the sensing optical cable 10, determine the stress level corresponding to the stress range based on the correspondence between stress range and stress level, determine the warning method corresponding to the stress level based on the correspondence between stress level and warning method, and issue a warning according to the warning method corresponding to the stress level. Different stress ranges correspond to different stress levels, and different stress levels correspond to different warning methods.

[0077] For example, the electronic device 12 pre-divides three stress ranges: a first stress range, a second stress range, and a third stress range. The first stress range corresponds to a first stress level, and the first stress level corresponds to a first warning mode; the second stress range corresponds to a second stress level, and the second stress level corresponds to a second warning mode; the third stress range corresponds to a third stress level, and the third stress level corresponds to a third warning mode. The minimum value of the first stress range is a preset stress value, the maximum value of the first stress range is less than the minimum value of the second stress range, and the maximum value of the second stress range is less than the minimum value of the third stress range.

[0078] Alternatively, the electronic device 12 can determine the stress range of the sensing optical cable 10 based on the stress it receives, directly determine the warning method corresponding to the stress range, and issue a warning according to the warning method corresponding to the stress range.

[0079] In this embodiment, the Brillouin scattered light signal reflects not only the stress on the sensing optical cable 10, but also the temperature around the sensing optical cable 10. Correspondingly, the electronic device 12, based on the electrical signal, can also determine the temperature of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil. When the temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, the electronic device 12 issues an early warning.

[0080] The process by which electronic device 12 determines the temperature of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil, and the process by which electronic device 12 issues an early warning when the temperature exceeds the temperature threshold, are the same as the process by which electronic device 12 determines the strain and issues an early warning when the stress exceeds the preset stress value. These processes will not be repeated here.

[0081] In one possible implementation, see Figure 2 The system also includes: an optical switch 13 and a circulator 14;

[0082] The optical switch 13 is electrically connected to the first port of the circulator 14, the second port of the circulator 14 is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable 10, and the third port of the circulator 14 is electrically connected to the photodetector 11.

[0083] Optical switch 13 is used to receive the second probe light and convert the second probe light into pump light, which enters the first port of circulator 14.

[0084] Circulator 14 is used to emit pump light from the second port, and the pump light enters the other end of the sensing optical cable 10;

[0085] The circulator 14 is also used to receive Brillouin scattered light through the second port and emit Brillouin scattered light from the third port, and the Brillouin scattered light enters the photodetector 11.

[0086] In this embodiment, the optical switch 13 is a switch for generating pump light pulses. The optical switch 13 has a high extinction ratio, which helps to improve the high extinction ratio of the optical amplifier 18. The high peak power of the optical switch 13 helps to reduce the ASE noise (amplifier spontaneous emission noise) of the optical amplifier 18.

[0087] In one possible implementation, see [link to previous section] Figure 2 The system also includes: a laser 15 and a coupler 16;

[0088] One end of the laser 15 and the coupler 16 are electrically connected to the optical switch 13 in sequence, and the other end of the coupler 16 is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable 10.

[0089] Laser 15 is used to emit detection light;

[0090] Coupler 16 is used to split the probe light into a first probe light and a second probe light, and send the first probe light to the sensing optical cable 10 and the second probe light to the optical switch 13.

[0091] In this implementation, the probe light emitted by the laser 15 is split into a first probe light and a second probe light by the coupler 16. The two ends of the coupler 16 are connected to the optical switch 13 and the sensing optical cable 10, respectively. The second probe light enters the optical switch 13, and the first probe light enters the sensing optical cable 10.

[0092] The type of laser 15 can be set and changed as needed, and there is no specific limitation on it. For example, laser 15 can be a narrow bandwidth laser 15.

[0093] In this embodiment of the application, when the frequency of the first probe light meets the preset frequency, the coupler 16 can be directly connected to the sensing optical cable 10. In this case, the first probe light directly enters the sensing optical cable 10.

[0094] When the frequency of the first probe light does not meet the preset frequency, an optical frequency modulator 17 can be placed between the coupler 16 and the sensing optical cable 10 to adjust the frequency of the first probe light. Correspondingly, in one possible implementation, see [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 2 The system also includes: an optical frequency modulator 17;

[0095] The other end of the coupler 16 is electrically connected to one end of the optical frequency modulator 17, and the other end of the optical frequency modulator 17 is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable 10.

[0096] Coupler 16 is used to send the first probe light to optical frequency modulator 17;

[0097] The optical frequency modulator 17 is used to modulate the frequency of the first probe light and send the frequency-modulated first probe light to the sensing optical cable 10.

[0098] In this implementation, the two ends of the optical frequency modulator 17 are connected to the coupler 16 and the sensing optical cable 10, respectively. The coupler 16 first sends the first probe light to the optical frequency modulator 17, and the optical frequency modulator 17 modulates the frequency of the first probe light so that the frequency of the first probe light meets the condition. Then, the first probe light with the frequency meeting the condition is sent to the sensing optical cable 10.

[0099] It should be noted that by controlling the frequency shift, the position of the Brillouin gain spectrum of the pump light can be made to overlap with the wavelength of the first probe light, thus enabling distributed stimulated Brillouin scattering.

[0100] In this embodiment, the optical switch 13 converts the second probe light into pump light. When the signal strength of the pump light meets the preset signal strength, the optical switch 13 and the first port of the circulator 14 can be directly connected. In this case, the pump light directly enters the first port of the circulator 14.

[0101] When the pump light signal strength does not meet the preset signal strength, an optical amplifier 18 can be placed between the optical switch 13 and the circulator 14 to amplify the pump light signal strength. See also... Figure 2 The system also includes: an optical amplifier 18;

[0102] The two ends of the optical amplifier 18 are electrically connected to the optical switch 13 and the first port of the circulator 14, respectively;

[0103] Optical switch 13 is used to convert the second probe light into pump light, and the pump light enters optical amplifier 18;

[0104] Optical amplifier 18 is used to amplify the pump light signal, and the amplified pump light enters the first port of circulator 14.

[0105] In this implementation, the two ends of the optical amplifier 18 are connected to the optical switch 13 and the first port of the circulator 14, respectively. The optical switch 13 converts the second probe light into pump light. The pump light first enters the optical amplifier 18, and the signal of the pump light is amplified by the optical amplifier 18 so that the signal strength of the pump light meets the preset signal strength. Then, the pump light with the signal strength meeting the preset signal strength is sent to the first port of the circulator 14.

[0106] In the embodiments of this application, the optical amplifier 18 can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and greatly increase the relay length in the system. In terms of suppressing the nonlinear effects of optical fibers, the role of the optical amplifier 18 is irreplaceable.

[0107] This application provides a strain monitoring system. Pump light and probe light are incident from both ends of a sensing optical cable. Brillouin scattering occurs within the sensing optical cable, and the scattered light exits and enters a photodetector. The photodetector converts the received optical signal into an electrical signal, which is then sent to an electronic device. Based on the received electrical signal, the electronic device determines the strain of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil. Since part of the sensing optical cable is laid on the pipeline surface and the other part is located in the soil near the pipeline, the optical signal received by the photodetector can reflect the stress on the pipeline body and the surrounding soil. Therefore, based on the electrical signal converted from the optical signal, the electronic device can determine not only the strain on the pipeline body but also the strain on the surrounding soil, thus enabling joint monitoring of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil and improving the comprehensiveness of the monitoring.

[0108] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of an optical cable construction process provided in an embodiment of this application. This process is applied to the aforementioned strain monitoring system, which includes a sensing optical cable. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 3 The process includes:

[0109] Step 301: Fix the beginning of the sensing optical cable at the beginning of the pipeline to be monitored.

[0110] At the beginning of the conduit, the sensor fiber optic cable can be secured using a hose clamp. Before securing the cable with the hose clamp, viscoelastic tape and polyethylene cold-applied tape need to be applied to the surface of the cable. The specific process is as follows: first, apply viscoelastic tape to the surface of the cable; then, apply polyethylene cold-applied tape to the surface of the viscoelastic tape; finally, secure the cable end with the hose clamp.

[0111] The purpose of applying viscoelastic tape is to ensure complete saturation and a seamless connection between the tape and the sensing optical cable. However, simply applying viscoelastic tape during construction can easily lead to friction damage and exposure of the sensing optical cable. Furthermore, the sensing optical cable is prone to axial slippage after the viscoelastic tape is applied. To avoid these issues, polyethylene cold-applied tape is applied on top of the viscoelastic tape. The cross-section of the polyethylene cold-applied tape is larger than that of the viscoelastic tape. This protects the sensing optical cable and further reduces the likelihood of axial slippage of the viscoelastic tape.

[0112] The width of the viscoelastic tape can be set and changed as needed, and there is no specific limitation. For example, the width of the viscoelastic tape is 10cm.

[0113] Because BOTDA is sensitive to both temperature and strain, in order to eliminate errors caused by temperature changes, the sensing optical cable of this application includes a tight-packed single-core optical cable, a loose-tube single-core optical cable, and a reinforcing rib.

[0114] The purpose of the tight-buffered single-core optical cable is to monitor the strain value caused by the compression deformation of the optical cable, while the purpose of the loose-buffered single-core optical cable is to monitor the ambient temperature of the optical cable to fit the error value caused by temperature effects. The reinforcing ribs are soft fiber-like ribs. Using soft fiber-like ribs can reduce the sensitivity reduction caused by using steel wire reinforcing wires, and at the same time avoid the problem of excessive optical signal attenuation caused by the small-angle bending of rigid fiber-like ribs under pressure.

[0115] The outer sheath of the sensing optical cable is flat, which increases the bonding area with the tape. The outer sheath material is PE (Polyethylene), which provides a significant tensile effect.

[0116] Step 302: Starting from the beginning of the pipe, fix the portion of the sensing optical cable from the beginning to the target point on the surface of the pipe at first preset distances, until the end of the pipe is reached, and fix the target point of the sensing optical cable at the end of the pipe.

[0117] The target point can be the midpoint or any other point near the midpoint; there is no specific limitation. If the target point is the midpoint, the distance from the midpoint to the beginning of the sensing optical cable is equal to the distance from the midpoint to the end of the sensing optical cable. If the target point is any other point near the midpoint, the difference between the distance from this other point to the beginning of the sensing optical cable and the distance from this other point to the end of the sensing optical cable is within a preset difference range. For ease of distinction, the distance from this other point to the beginning of the sensing optical cable is referred to as the first distance, and the distance from this other point to the end of the sensing optical cable is referred to as the second distance. The difference between the first distance and the second distance must be within a preset difference range. The first distance can be greater than or less than the second distance, but the difference must be within the preset difference range. In this embodiment, only the example of the target point being the midpoint is used for illustration.

[0118] After fixing the beginning of the sensing optical cable at the first end of the pipeline, apply a horizontal tension force to the sensing optical cable using a tension gauge at a first preset distance from either the beginning of the cable or the first end of the pipeline. Under this tension, adhere viscoelastic tape to the surface of the sensing optical cable, and then adhere polyethylene cold-applied tape to the surface of the viscoelastic tape. Secure the sensing optical cable with a hose clamp. Repeat this process at the same first preset distance, applying another horizontal tension force to the sensing optical cable. Under this tension, apply viscoelastic tape and polyethylene cold-applied tape to the surface of the sensing optical cable in sequence, and then secure the cable with a hose clamp. Continue this process until the end of the pipeline is reached. At the end of the pipeline, lay the midpoint of the sensing optical cable, apply viscoelastic tape and polyethylene cold-applied tape to the surface of the cable, and then secure the midpoint with a hose clamp.

[0119] The first preset distance can be set and changed according to the accuracy of the strain monitoring system, and there is no specific limitation on it. For example, if the accuracy of the system is 3.2m, then the single-precision distance (3.2m) < the first preset distance < the double-precision distance (6.4m), and the first preset distance can be 4m, 5m or 6m.

[0120] The horizontal tension applied by the tension gauge can be set and changed according to a first preset distance, without being specifically limited to it. For example, if the first preset distance is 5m, without monitoring the strain caused by the contraction and release of the optical cable, straightening a 5m sensing optical cable with a PE outer sheath requires a tension of 8N. Therefore, the horizontal tension is 8N.

[0121] The number of hose clamps used at the beginning and end of the pipe can be the same as or different from the number of hose clamps used in the section between the beginning and end of the pipe; there is no specific limitation on this. For example, the number of hose clamps used at the beginning and end of the pipe is the same, 3 each, while the number of hose clamps used in the section between the beginning and end of the pipe is 1.

[0122] It's important to note that in related technologies for monitoring pipelines, optical cables are mostly laid at the 12 o'clock, 3 o'clock, and 9 o'clock positions. However, pipelines often undergo concave deformation, experiencing downward forces. Therefore, the optical cable laid at the 12 o'clock position will experience a contraction effect. If sufficient prestress is not applied to the cable during installation, the released strain cannot be accurately monitored. On the other hand, excessive prestress will result in a too-small tensile range for the optical cable, making it prone to reaching the upper limit of the monitoring range when large strains occur.

[0123] This application takes the center of the pipe cross-section as the origin, and lays sensing optical cables along the axial direction in the first direction, the second direction and the third direction of the origin respectively; wherein, the first direction is located directly above the origin, that is, the 12 o'clock direction, the angle formed by the first direction, the origin and the second direction is 120°, that is, the 4 o'clock direction, and the angle formed by the second direction, the origin and the third direction is 120°, that is, the 8 o'clock direction.

[0124] In addition to laying sensing optical cables at the 12 o'clock position, this application also lays sensing optical cables at the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions. This allows for monitoring both vertical downward compressive force and horizontal lateral compressive force, achieving comprehensive strain monitoring of the pipeline. See [link to relevant documentation]. Figure 4 .

[0125] Another point to note is that in related technologies, when installing optical cables on pipelines, the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer is grooved and laid, and finally, a silicon-based outer shell is placed over the optical cable. Other related technologies involve attaching strain gauges to the pipeline. This process involves first grinding and polishing the pipeline, then welding the sensor to the exposed steel pipe surface, and finally covering the sensor with a hard metal shell. It is evident that both of these methods damage the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer structure, introducing new safety hazards. Furthermore, traditional strain gauges have limited measurement distance, making it difficult to cover all potential hazard areas and easily creating measurement blind spots. Moreover, strain gauges require periodic on-site inspections during monitoring, making real-time monitoring impossible and failing to provide timely warnings of sudden deformation accidents.

[0126] The optical cable construction technology used in this application can lay optical cables on the surface of the pipeline without damaging the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer. This can ensure the service life of the optical cable and avoid axial slippage of the optical cable, thus enabling high-precision joint monitoring of the pipeline body and the surrounding soil.

[0127] This application involves attaching the same optical cable, in the same location, and using the same process to both the outer layer (anti-corrosion layer) and the inner wall (steel pipe surface) of the pipeline. Multiple tensile tests were conducted on the laid pipeline using a wide-plate tensile testing machine. The aim was to verify that, without damaging the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer structure, the strain values ​​monitored by the optical cable laid on the anti-corrosion layer surface were the same as those monitored by its attachment to the steel pipe body. Then, traditional strain gauges were sequentially connected along the optical cable laying direction, and the measurement results of the strain gauges and the optical cable were compared. The results showed consistency, indicating that this construction process can replace traditional strain monitoring devices to meet the high-precision monitoring requirements of pipelines.

[0128] Step 303: Starting from the location of the soil at the end of the pipeline, fix the portion of the sensing optical cable between the target point and the end of the pipeline in the soil at every second preset distance, until the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline is reached, and fix the end of the sensing optical cable at the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline.

[0129] Starting from the location of the soil at the end of the pipeline, the sensing optical cable is fixed by ground anchor at a second preset distance from the end of the pipeline. Then, the sensing optical cable is fixed by ground anchor at the second preset distance, and so on, until the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline is reached, where the end of the sensing optical cable is fixed.

[0130] The second preset distance can be set and changed as needed, and no specific limitation is made thereto.

[0131] In this embodiment, if no length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable, then the beginning and end of the sensing optical cable are the actual beginning and end of the sensing optical cable. If a certain length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable, then the beginning and end of the sensing optical cable are the beginning and end of the remaining sensing optical cable after the reserved length is reserved.

[0132] In one possible implementation, a first preset length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable at the beginning of the pipe; and a second preset length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable at the end of the pipe. This way, if the sensing optical cable at a later location is damaged, it can be repaired using the reserved sensing optical cable.

[0133] The first preset length and the second preset length can be the same or different; there is no specific limitation on this. For example, the first preset length and the second preset length can be the same, both being 5m. See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 The diagram shows that 5m of sensing optical cable is reserved at each end of the pipeline.

[0134] If a first preset length and a second preset length of sensing optical cable are reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable, then the beginning and end of the sensing optical cable mentioned in this application are the beginning and end of the remaining sensing optical cable after the first preset length and the second preset length of sensing optical cable are reserved.

[0135] For example, if the pipe length is 50m, the target point is the midpoint, and the first preset length and the second preset length are both 5m, then the length of the sensing optical cable is 110m. The beginning of the sensing optical cable is 5m away from the starting point, the midpoint is 55m away from the starting point, and the end is 110m away from the starting point.

[0136] In another possible implementation, a first preset length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the beginning of the sensing optical cable; a second preset length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the target point of the sensing optical cable; and a third preset length of sensing optical cable is reserved before fixing the end of the sensing optical cable.

[0137] The third preset length can be the same as or different from the first and second preset lengths, and no specific limitation is made in this regard.

[0138] Similarly, if a first preset length, a second preset length, and a third preset length of sensing optical cable are reserved before fixing the sensing optical cable, then the beginning and end of the sensing optical cable mentioned in this application are the beginning and end of the remaining sensing optical cable after reserving the first preset length, the second preset length, and the third preset length of sensing optical cable.

[0139] This application provides an optical cable construction process. Without damaging the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer, a portion of the sensing optical cable is laid on the pipeline surface, while another portion is located in the soil near the pipeline. In this way, the signals corresponding to the sensing optical cables can reflect not only the strain on the pipeline body but also the strain on the soil near the pipeline, thereby enabling joint monitoring of the pipeline body and its surrounding soil and improving the comprehensiveness of the monitoring.

[0140] In summary, the strain monitoring system and optical cable construction technology provided in this application can perform long-distance, all-round, and real-time strain monitoring of buried pipelines without damaging the pipeline's anti-corrosion layer. This can ensure the service life of the optical cable, prevent axial slippage of the optical cable, achieve high-precision joint monitoring of the pipeline body and its surrounding soil, and provide timely early warning of sudden accidents such as pipeline deformation caused by various geological disasters.

[0141] In some embodiments, the electronic device is provided as a terminal. (See reference) Figure 6 , Figure 6This illustration shows a structural block diagram of a terminal 600 provided in an exemplary embodiment of this application. The terminal 600 may be a portable mobile terminal, such as a smartphone, tablet computer, MP3 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer III), MP4 player (Moving Picture Experts Group Audio Layer IV), laptop computer, or desktop computer. The terminal 600 may also be referred to as a user device, portable terminal, laptop terminal, desktop terminal, or other names.

[0142] Typically, terminal 600 includes a processor 601 and a memory 602.

[0143] Processor 601 may include one or more processing cores, such as a quad-core processor, an octa-core processor, etc. Processor 601 may be implemented using at least one hardware form selected from DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). Processor 601 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), is used to process data in the wake-up state; the coprocessor is a low-power processor used to process data in the standby state. In some embodiments, processor 601 may integrate a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the screen. In some embodiments, processor 601 may also include an AI (Artificial Intelligence) processor, which is used to handle computational operations related to machine learning.

[0144] Memory 602 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. Memory 602 may also include high-speed random access memory and non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices or flash memory devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage media in memory 602 is used to store at least one piece of program code, which is executed by processor 601 to implement the operations performed by electronic devices in the strain monitoring system.

[0145] In some embodiments, the terminal 600 may optionally include a peripheral device interface 603 and at least one peripheral device. The processor 601, memory 602, and peripheral device interface 603 can be connected via a bus or signal line. Each peripheral device can be connected to the peripheral device interface 603 via a bus, signal line, or circuit board. Specifically, the peripheral device includes at least one of the following: a radio frequency circuit 604, a display screen 605, a camera assembly 606, an audio circuit 607, and a power supply 608.

[0146] Peripheral interface 603 can be used to connect at least one I / O (Input / Output) related peripheral device to processor 601 and memory 602. In some embodiments, processor 601, memory 602 and peripheral interface 603 are integrated on the same chip or circuit board; in some other embodiments, any one or two of processor 601, memory 602 and peripheral interface 603 can be implemented on separate chips or circuit boards, which is not limited in this embodiment.

[0147] The radio frequency (RF) circuit 604 is used to receive and transmit RF (Radio Frequency) signals, also known as electromagnetic signals. The RF circuit 604 communicates with communication networks and other communication devices via electromagnetic signals. The RF circuit 604 converts electrical signals into electromagnetic signals for transmission, or converts received electromagnetic signals back into electrical signals. Optionally, the RF circuit 604 includes: an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more amplifiers, a tuner, an oscillator, a digital signal processor, a codec chipset, a user identity module card, etc. The RF circuit 604 can communicate with other terminals through at least one wireless communication protocol. This wireless communication protocol includes, but is not limited to: the World Wide Web, metropolitan area networks, intranets, various generations of mobile communication networks (2G, 3G, 4G, and 5G), wireless local area networks, and / or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity) networks. In some embodiments, the RF circuit 604 may also include circuitry related to NFC (Near Field Communication), which is not limited in this application.

[0148] Display screen 605 is used to display a UI (User Interface). This UI may include graphics, text, icons, videos, and any combination thereof. When display screen 605 is a touch display screen, it also has the ability to collect touch signals on or above its surface. These touch signals can be input as control signals to processor 601 for processing. In this case, display screen 605 can also be used to provide virtual buttons and / or a virtual keyboard, also known as soft buttons and / or a soft keyboard. In some embodiments, there may be one display screen 605, disposed on the front panel of terminal 600; in other embodiments, there may be at least two display screens, disposed on different surfaces of terminal 600 or in a folded design; in other embodiments, display screen 605 may be a flexible display screen, disposed on a curved or folded surface of terminal 600. Furthermore, display screen 605 may be configured as a non-rectangular irregular shape, i.e., a non-rectangular screen. Display screen 605 may be made of materials such as LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) or OLED (Organic Light-Emitting Diode).

[0149] The camera assembly 606 is used to acquire images or videos. Optionally, the camera assembly 606 includes a front-facing camera and a rear-facing camera. Typically, the front-facing camera is located on the front panel of the terminal, and the rear-facing camera is located on the back of the terminal. In some embodiments, there are at least two rear-facing cameras, which are any one of a main camera, a depth-sensing camera, a wide-angle camera, and a telephoto camera, to achieve background blurring by fusion of the main camera and the depth-sensing camera, panoramic shooting by fusion of the main camera and the wide-angle camera, VR (Virtual Reality) shooting, or other fusion shooting functions. In some embodiments, the camera assembly 606 may also include a flash. The flash can be a single-color temperature flash or a dual-color temperature flash. A dual-color temperature flash refers to a combination of a warm light flash and a cool light flash, which can be used for light compensation at different color temperatures.

[0150] The audio circuit 607 may include a microphone and a speaker. The microphone is used to collect sound waves from the user and the environment, converting the sound waves into electrical signals that are input to the processor 601 for processing, or input to the radio frequency circuit 604 for voice communication. For stereo sound acquisition or noise reduction purposes, multiple microphones may be used, each located at a different part of the terminal 600. The microphone may also be an array microphone or an omnidirectional microphone. The speaker is used to convert the electrical signals from the processor 601 or the radio frequency circuit 604 into sound waves. The speaker may be a conventional diaphragm speaker or a piezoelectric ceramic speaker. When the speaker is a piezoelectric ceramic speaker, it can convert electrical signals not only into audible sound waves but also into inaudible sound waves for purposes such as distance measurement. In some embodiments, the audio circuit 607 may also include a headphone jack.

[0151] Power supply 608 is used to power the various components in terminal 600. Power supply 608 can be AC ​​power, DC power, a disposable battery, or a rechargeable battery. When power supply 608 includes a rechargeable battery, the rechargeable battery can be a wired rechargeable battery or a wireless rechargeable battery. A wired rechargeable battery is a battery that is charged via a wired line, and a wireless rechargeable battery is a battery that is charged via a wireless coil. The rechargeable battery can also be used to support fast charging technology.

[0152] In some embodiments, the terminal 600 further includes one or more sensors 609. The one or more sensors 609 include, but are not limited to, an accelerometer 610, a gyroscope 611, a pressure sensor 612, an optical sensor 613, and a proximity sensor 614.

[0153] Accelerometer 610 can detect the magnitude of acceleration along the three coordinate axes of a coordinate system established by terminal 600. For example, accelerometer 610 can be used to detect the components of gravitational acceleration along the three coordinate axes. Processor 601 can control display screen 605 to display the user interface in either a landscape or portrait view based on the gravitational acceleration signal acquired by accelerometer 610. Accelerometer 610 can also be used for games or for acquiring user motion data.

[0154] The gyroscope sensor 611 can detect the orientation and rotation angle of the terminal 600. The gyroscope sensor 611 can work in conjunction with the accelerometer sensor 610 to collect 3D motion data from the user on the terminal 600. Based on the data collected by the gyroscope sensor 611, the processor 601 can perform the following functions: motion sensing (e.g., changing the UI based on the user's tilt), image stabilization during shooting, game control, and inertial navigation.

[0155] The pressure sensor 612 can be disposed on the side bezel of the terminal 600 and / or the lower layer of the display screen 605. When the pressure sensor 612 is disposed on the side bezel of the terminal 600, it can detect the user's grip signal on the terminal 600, and the processor 601 can perform left / right hand recognition or quick operation based on the grip signal collected by the pressure sensor 612. When the pressure sensor 612 is disposed on the lower layer of the display screen 605, the processor 601 can control the operable controls on the UI interface based on the user's pressure operation on the display screen 605. The operable controls include at least one of button controls, scroll bar controls, icon controls, and menu controls.

[0156] An optical sensor 613 is used to collect ambient light intensity. In one embodiment, the processor 601 can control the display brightness of the display screen 605 based on the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 613. Specifically, when the ambient light intensity is high, the display brightness of the display screen 605 is increased; when the ambient light intensity is low, the display brightness of the display screen 605 is decreased. In another embodiment, the processor 601 can also dynamically adjust the shooting parameters of the camera assembly 606 based on the ambient light intensity collected by the optical sensor 613.

[0157] The proximity sensor 614, also known as a distance sensor, is typically mounted on the front panel of the terminal 600. The proximity sensor 614 is used to detect the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 600. In one embodiment, when the proximity sensor 614 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 600 is gradually decreasing, the processor 601 controls the display screen 605 to switch from a screen-on state to a screen-off state; when the proximity sensor 614 detects that the distance between the user and the front of the terminal 600 is gradually increasing, the processor 601 controls the display screen 605 to switch from a screen-off state to a screen-on state.

[0158] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 6 The structure shown does not constitute a limitation on terminal 600, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or use different component arrangements.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, which stores at least one piece of program code that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the operations performed by the electronic device in the above embodiments.

[0160] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, which stores at least one piece of program code that is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the operations performed by the electronic device in the above embodiments.

[0161] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps of the above embodiments can be implemented by hardware or by a program instructing related hardware. The program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, a disk, or an optical disk.

[0162] The above description is only for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to understand the technical solution of this application, and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A strain monitoring system, characterized in that, The system includes a sensing optical cable, a photodetector, and electronic equipment that are electrically connected in sequence. The two ends of the sensing optical cable are set on the pipeline to be monitored. A part of the sensing optical cable is laid on the surface of the pipeline, and the other part is located in the soil near the pipeline. The sensing optical cable is used to receive the first detection light at one end and the pump light at the other end, and to obtain Brillouin scattered light. The photodetector is disposed on one side of the pipe and is used to receive the Brillouin scattered light, convert the Brillouin scattered light into an electrical signal, and send the electrical signal to the electronic device. The electronic device is used to receive the electrical signal and, based on the electrical signal, determine the strain of the pipeline and the soil nearby.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The system also includes: an optical switch and a circulator; The optical switch is electrically connected to the first port of the circulator, the second port of the circulator is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable, and the third port of the circulator is electrically connected to the photodetector. The optical switch is used to receive the second probe light and convert the second probe light into the pump light, which enters the first port of the circulator; The circulator is used to emit the pump light from the second port, and the pump light enters the other end of the sensing optical cable; The circulator is also used to receive the Brillouin scattered light through the second port, emit the Brillouin scattered light from the third port, and the Brillouin scattered light enters the photodetector.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes: a laser and a coupler; The laser, one end of the coupler, and the optical switch are electrically connected in sequence, and the other end of the coupler is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable. The laser is used to emit detection light; The coupler is used to split the probe light into a first probe light and a second probe light, and send the first probe light to the sensing optical cable and the second probe light to the optical switch.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The system also includes: an optical frequency modulator; The other end of the coupler is electrically connected to one end of the optical frequency modulator, and the other end of the optical frequency modulator is electrically connected to the sensing optical cable. The coupler is used to send the first probe light to the optical frequency modulator; The optical frequency modulator is used to modulate the frequency of the first probe light and send the frequency-modulated first probe light to the sensing optical cable.

5. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system also includes: an optical amplifier; The two ends of the optical amplifier are electrically connected to the optical switch and the first port of the circulator, respectively; The optical switch is used to convert the second probe light into the pump light, and the pump light enters the optical amplifier; The optical amplifier is used to amplify the signal of the pump light, and the amplified pump light enters the first port of the circulator.

6. A fiber optic cable construction process, characterized in that, Applied to a strain monitoring system, the strain monitoring system including a sensing optical cable, the process includes: Fix the beginning of the sensing optical cable at the beginning of the pipeline to be monitored; Starting from the beginning of the pipe, at first preset distances, the portion of the sensing optical cable between the beginning and the target point is fixed on the surface of the pipe until the end of the pipe is reached, at which point the target point of the sensing optical cable is fixed. Starting from the location of the soil at the end of the pipeline, at second preset distances, fix the portion of the sensing optical cable between the target point and the end in the soil until the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline is reached, and fix the end of the sensing optical cable at the location of the soil at the beginning of the pipeline.

7. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The step of fixing the beginning end of the sensing optical cable at the beginning end of the pipeline to be monitored includes: Viscoelastic tape and polyethylene cold-applied tape are adhered to the surface of the first end of the sensing optical cable; The beginning of the sensing optical cable is fixed at the beginning of the pipe by a hose clamp.

8. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that, With the center of the pipe cross-section as the origin, the sensing optical cable is laid in the first direction, the second direction and the third direction of the origin respectively; Wherein, the first direction is located directly above the origin, the angle formed by the first direction, the origin and the second direction is 120°, and the angle formed by the second direction, the origin and the third direction is 120°.

9. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The sensing optical cable includes a tight-packed single-core optical cable, a loose-tube single-core optical cable, and reinforcing ribs.

10. The process according to claim 6, characterized in that, The target point is the midpoint of the sensing optical cable, and the distance between the midpoint and the beginning of the sensing optical cable is equal to the distance between the midpoint and the end of the sensing optical cable.

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