Construction method of hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cooling towers, and discloses a construction method of a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, which comprises the following steps: acquiring process parameters; an original point is selected on a tower bottom circle, a linear generatrix capable of generating a target hyperboloid in a rotating mode is accurately determined through a geometric construction method, construction logic is converted from curve arrangement on a curved surface to curved surface generation through a linear skeleton, fundamental simplification of a structural system is achieved, a spherical node structure does not need to be used, and the method is easy to implement and high in practicability. The steel consumption and the construction cost are remarkably reduced, meanwhile, rod piece machining and on-site installation are more convenient and faster, and the structural force transmission efficiency and the overall stability are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cooling tower technology, and specifically to a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower. Background Technology

[0002] Existing technologies typically define the hyperbolic shape of the cooling tower first, and then arrange a grid on its surface. This approach leads to the extension directions of multiple rods intersecting each other at the nodes in order to adapt to the curves of the surface. As a result, it is necessary to introduce large and complex ball joints as connector structures. This not only increases the amount of steel used, but also makes the processing, on-site positioning and welding of the rods extremely complicated. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, which solves the technical problems in the prior art, such as large steel consumption, complex processing, and inconvenient installation, caused by the misalignment of members at the nodes and the need to set heavy ball joints.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, comprising the following steps: Obtain the process parameters, including the diameter of the tower base circle, the height and diameter of the throat, and determine the horizontal plane corresponding to the tower top based on the tower top height; determine an origin on the tower base circle, and determine the straight generatrix at the origin using geometric construction methods; using the straight generatrix as a reference, rotate the straight generatrix around the central axis to construct the outline of the cooling tower body.

[0005] Beneficial effects: This method provides a way to construct hyperboloids based on straight generatrices. As a result, the foundation structure of a hyperboloid steel cooling tower can be a long straight bar. The bars on both sides of the splicing position of the two bars in the straight bar can be directly connected without the need to design node balls to solve the problem of misalignment of the bars on both sides. This simplifies the structure of the cooling tower, reduces construction costs, and makes the force transmission on the long straight bar more coherent and reliable, resulting in a more stable and reliable overall structure.

[0006] In one optional implementation, the step of determining the generatrix of a straight line by geometric construction includes: drawing the projection circle of the throat in the plane of the tower base; determining an origin on the tower base circle, drawing a tangent line to the projection circle at the origin, and determining the point of tangency; determining the connection point corresponding to the point of tangency at the throat; connecting the origin and the connection point, and extending the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower, and the resulting straight line segment is taken as the generatrix of the straight line.

[0007] Beneficial Effects: This paper proposes a geometric construction method that can uniquely and accurately determine a straight generatrix that can generate the target hyperboloid based on given process parameters, thus solving the core technical challenge of "how to construct a specified hyperboloid using long straight main members". Arranging the main tower members in a rotating array based on this generatrix ensures that all main members are straight lines, creating the necessary prerequisite for completely eliminating the traditional, cumbersome ball joints. This method guarantees that the constructed structure's shape strictly conforms to process dimensions and aerodynamic performance requirements, achieving a high degree of unity between the structural system and engineering function. Compared to 3D modeling methods that rely on complex curve equations and mesh generation, this method has clear steps, intuitive logic, and is easy to implement quickly in software, significantly lowering the design threshold and improving the reliability and versatility of the solution.

[0008] In an alternative implementation, the construction method further includes: determining multiple origins equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the base circle of the tower; and determining two straight line generatrices at each origin to jointly form a cooling tower grid frame composed of multiple straight line segments.

[0009] Beneficial Effects: By constructing from lines to surfaces, a single straight generatrix was successfully expanded into a complete three-dimensional tower mesh framework. Since every frame line is a straight generatrix, the entire tower structure can be constructed entirely of long, straight main members, thus laying the structural foundation for simplified nodes and reduced steel consumption. By equidistantly arranging the origins, the mesh framework is ensured to be uniformly distributed circumferentially, resulting in clear, symmetrical, and direct internal force transmission paths, enhanced structural integrity, and effective avoidance of localized stress concentrations. Simultaneously, the consistent generation logic and unified structural form of the members at each origin facilitate standardized design and production of the members, further improving construction efficiency and economy.

[0010] In one alternative implementation, each straight busbar corresponds to a long straight main bar; the intersection of the long straight main bars forms a cross node, and two adjacent long straight main bars are connected at the cross node by a piercing manner.

[0011] Beneficial effects: By adopting long, straight main members and intersecting joints, the traditional heavy ball joints are completely replaced, greatly simplifying the joint construction and significantly reducing the amount of steel used and manufacturing costs. At the same time, the force transmission path is direct and clear, improving the overall stiffness and stability of the structure, and making the processing and on-site installation of members simpler, thus improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0012] In one alternative embodiment, at least one of the two intersecting long straight rods has a locally enlarged diameter at the intersection node, and the shorter long straight rod is connected to the longer long straight rod with a larger diameter.

[0013] Beneficial effects: By locally reinforcing the members at the joints, the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and fatigue resistance of the joints are specifically improved with minimal weight loss. The thickened design increases the strength of the intersecting welds, improves welding conditions and stress diffusion, and further ensures the safety and reliability of critical connection parts.

[0014] In one alternative implementation, a cross plate is provided at the intersection node, through which the two long straight main rods are connected.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Introducing prefabricated cross-shaped plates as the core of the connection simplifies complex spatial intersecting welding into standard rod-plate butt joints, significantly reducing on-site welding difficulty and ensuring quality uniformity. This node type possesses extremely high strength and rigidity, can withstand complex stresses, and facilitates the standardization and industrialization of nodes.

[0016] In one alternative embodiment, horizontal bars are provided between multiple intersections at the same height, and the multiple horizontal bars at the same height together constitute at least a part of the reinforcing ring of the cooling tower body.

[0017] Beneficial effects: It provides strong circumferential constraints for the tower body with minimal circumferential material, and the horizontal bars are only set at the reinforcing rings, achieving functional integration, simplifying the structure, reducing costs, avoiding the setting of redundant bars, and optimizing material distribution.

[0018] In one alternative embodiment, the intersecting nodes at the same height constitute a node layer, and the cooling tower body includes multiple node layers along the height direction, with reinforcing rings spaced apart at the multiple node layers.

[0019] Beneficial effects: By strategically arranging reinforcing rings at intervals in key stress layers, an efficient spatial constraint grid is formed. This layout achieves the optimal ratio of overall tower stiffness to weight with optimal material distribution, not only controlling the overall deformation mode but also facilitating the division of clearly defined construction sections, thus improving installation accuracy and efficiency.

[0020] In one alternative embodiment, the horizontal bar and the two long straight bars intersecting above it together form a triangular frame. The triangular frame is provided with a triangular reinforcing member. The three vertices of the triangular reinforcing member are respectively connected to the center position of the two long straight bars between two adjacent nodes and the center position of the horizontal bar.

[0021] Beneficial effects: The triangular reinforcement precisely strengthens the large triangular opening area with minimal intervention, effectively preventing local out-of-plane buckling and vibration, and providing mid-span lateral support for the diagonal members, thus improving local and overall stability. Its simple construction facilitates standardized prefabrication and installation.

[0022] Secondly, the present invention also provides another method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, comprising the following steps: obtaining process parameters, including the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body, the diameter of the outer tower base circle, the height and diameter of the outer tower throat, and determining the horizontal plane corresponding to the tower top according to the tower top height; determining multiple origins equidistantly arranged along the circumference on the outer tower base circle, and determining two straight generatrices at each origin using a geometric drawing method to jointly form an outer cooling tower body grid frame composed of multiple straight line segments; and determining the inner tower frame line according to the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body.

[0023] Beneficial effects: This method provides a systematic and efficient construction logic, breaking down the complex design of a double-layer structure into clear, sequential steps by prioritizing the main layers and working from the outside in. Based on thickness parameters, the method accurately derives the inner layer from the outer layer, ensuring geometric accuracy, efficient design collaboration, and a clearer construction logic. This results in integrated, precise design and performance optimization of the double-layer tower structure.

[0024] In one optional implementation, the step of determining the generatrix of a straight line by geometric construction includes: drawing the projection circle of the outer tower throat onto the plane of the tower base; determining an origin on the outer tower base circle, drawing a tangent line to the projection circle at the origin, and determining the point of tangency; determining the connection point corresponding to the point of tangency at the outer tower throat; connecting the origin and the connection point, and extending the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower, and using the resulting straight line segment as the generatrix of the straight line.

[0025] Beneficial effects: A geometric construction method is proposed, which can uniquely and accurately determine a straight generatrix that can generate the outer tower frame structure based on given process parameters. The method has clear steps and is highly operable, laying a precise and reliable geometric foundation for the construction of the outer straight mesh.

[0026] In one optional implementation, determining the inner tower frame line based on the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body includes: obtaining the origin and vertex positions of the straight generatrix; determining the lower and upper endpoint positions of the corresponding frame line based on the origin and vertex positions of the straight generatrix; and connecting the lower and upper endpoints to obtain the frame line.

[0027] Beneficial effects: By using the simple rule of "two points and one line," the main load-bearing skeleton of the inner layer can be reconstructed efficiently and with high precision. This method has extremely low computational cost and ensures a strict correspondence between the inner and outer layer structures, fundamentally avoiding the geometric interference and mismatch problems that may occur with separate designs.

[0028] In one optional implementation, determining the lower end point position and the upper end point position includes: assuming the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body is X, then the lower end point is located at the origin position offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X, and the upper end point is located at the apex position offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X.

[0029] Beneficial effects: The core design parameter "thickness X" is directly and unambiguously converted into precise spatial coordinates. The rules are intuitive and easy to automate calculations, which greatly facilitates digital modeling and construction positioning.

[0030] In one optional implementation, each straight busbar corresponds to an outer long straight main rod, and each frame line corresponds to an inner long straight main rod; a connecting rod is provided between the inner long straight main rod and the corresponding outer long straight main rod.

[0031] Beneficial effects: By setting up systematic connecting rods, the two independent inner and outer grids are integrated into a collaborative composite space truss tube, which greatly improves the overall lateral stiffness, stability and torsional performance of the structure, and realizes the efficient design of activating the overall structural performance with a small amount of connecting material. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric drawing method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geometric drawing method according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a cooling tower structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another cooling tower structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a cross node structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of another cross node structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating another method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of a cooling tower mesh frame according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a partial schematic diagram of a cooling tower mesh frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 101. Base circle; 102. Throat; 1021. Projected circle; 103. Top of the tower; 1000 Cooling tower body; 1 long straight main rod; 11 short rods; 10 intersection nodes; 20 cross plate parts; 201 plate arm; 2 horizontal rods; 40 reinforcing rings; 30 triangular frames; 2000, Cooling tower body grid frame; 2001 Outer cooling tower body grid frame; 2002 Inner tower frame line; 2003 Connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0036] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0037] According to embodiments of the present invention, in one aspect, a method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower is provided, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes the following steps: S1. Obtain process parameters, including the diameter of the bottom circle 101, the height and diameter of the throat 102, and determine the horizontal plane corresponding to the top 103 based on the height of the top 103. S2, determine an origin on the base circle 101 of the tower, and determine the generatrix of the straight line at the origin using geometric construction method; S3, using the straight generatrix as a reference, rotate the straight generatrix around the central axis to construct the outline of the cooling tower body 1000.

[0038] Existing technologies typically define a hyperbola shape first and then arrange a grid on its surface. This approach leads to the extension directions of multiple rods intersecting each other at the nodes in order to adapt to the curves of the surface. As a result, it is necessary to introduce large and complex ball joints as connector structures. This not only increases the amount of steel used, but also makes the processing, on-site positioning and welding of the rods extremely complicated.

[0039] This invention achieves the construction of a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower by finding and determining a straight line that can be rotated to generate the target hyperboloid, namely the "straight line generatrix". This application uses the straight generatrix as the reference line for the tower body, transforming the entire structural design from "arranging curves on a curved surface" to "constructing a curved surface with straight lines as the skeleton." This simplifies the structural units; the core load-bearing skeleton of the hyperbolic cooling tower is no longer a curved skeleton spliced ​​together from numerous short members 11, but can be designed as a single, continuous, straight main member 1, or segmented long, straight main members 1 connected in straight lines to serve as the basic skeleton. This fundamentally eliminates the geometric prerequisite of needing ball joints due to misalignment of member axes.

[0040] Furthermore, when the upper and lower straight short bars are spliced ​​into a single long straight bar 1, they can be directly joined without any additional connecting nodes for straightening. In the circumferential direction, when the long straight bars 1 intersect, their axes naturally converge at a single point, making it possible to use a lightweight intersecting connection, thus completely replacing the bulky ball joint. This not only significantly reduces the amount of steel used and the cost of the joint itself, but also simplifies the processing and welding techniques.

[0041] The force transmission path in the long straight main bar 1 is continuous and direct, avoiding the complex stress caused by abrupt changes in direction at the ball joint. The internal force distribution is more uniform, and the overall stability, stiffness and load-bearing reliability of the structure are stronger.

[0042] During the processing, the cutting and splicing of the long straight main pole 1 is simpler and more precise, with lower equipment requirements, which reduces processing difficulty and cost. During on-site construction, the long straight main pole 1 is easy to measure, position and temporarily fix, and the construction difficulty and precision control requirements for butt welding or intersecting welding are low, which can improve installation speed and project quality.

[0043] This application provides a method for constructing a hyperboloid based on a straight generatrix. As a result, the foundation structure of a hyperboloid steel cooling tower can be a long straight rod. The short rods 11 on both sides of the splicing position of the two long straight main rods 1 can be directly connected without designing node balls to solve the problem of misalignment of the short rods 11 on both sides. This simplifies the structure of the cooling tower, reduces construction costs, and makes the force transmission on the long straight main rod 1 more coherent and reliable, resulting in a more stable and reliable overall structure.

[0044] This invention uses a unique and concise geometric construction method to accurately locate one such straight line. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 8 As shown, the steps for determining the generatrix of a straight line using geometric construction include: S21, draw the projection circle 1021 of the throat 102 in the plane of the tower bottom; S22, determine an origin on the base circle 101 of the tower, draw a tangent line to the projection circle 1021 at the origin, and determine the point of tangency; S23, determine the connection point corresponding to the tangent point at the throat 102; S24, connect the origin and the connection point, and extend the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower 103. The resulting straight line segment is used as the straight line generatrix.

[0045] In other words, the hyperboloid in this application has two families of straight lines, and the surface can be formed by sweeping any one of these lines around its axis of symmetry. Based on this principle, this method transforms the complex modeling problem of hyperbolic tower structures into a geometric construction problem of finding and locating a specific generatrix of one of these straight lines.

[0046] Construct a projection circle 1021 of the throat 102 onto the plane at the bottom of the tower. Project the circular outline of the throat 102 in three-dimensional space onto the horizontal reference plane at the bottom of the tower, establishing a two-dimensional geometric relationship between the upper and lower parts, and providing a reference for subsequent tangent drawing.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the throat 102 is the point where the diameter of the cooling tower body 1000 is the smallest. Therefore, the projection of the straight generatrix on the horizontal plane must pass through but not through the projection circle 1021. That is, the projection of the straight generatrix should be tangent to the projection circle 1021. Determine an origin A on the bottom circle 101 of the tower, and draw a tangent line to the projection circle 1021 at point A to determine the tangent point B. The tangent line AB is the partial projection of the straight generatrix on the horizontal plane.

[0048] Determine the connection point C corresponding to the tangent point B at the throat 102: That is, project the horizontal tangent point B vertically upwards onto the actual height plane of the throat 102, and you can obtain a point in space through which the generatrix of the straight line actually passes, thus obtaining point C. Point C is located on the actual circumference of the throat 102.

[0049] Connect the origin A and the connection point C. The two points determine a line, which gives the direction of the extension of the line generatrix. One end of the line generatrix is ​​located at the origin, which is determined by the origin, and the other end is located at the top of the tower 103. Therefore, the intersection of the line AC and the plane at the top of the tower 103 is the other end of the line generatrix.

[0050] Connect points A and C to obtain a straight line, and extend it upwards to intersect the plane at a height of 103 meters above the top of the tower at point D. The resulting straight line AD is the required generatrix.

[0051] This application provides a simple and practical method to uniquely and precisely derive a straight generatrix that can serve as the main structural skeleton of the tower from given process parameters. This solves the core problem of "how to construct a given hyperboloid with a straight line". The straight generatrix determined in this way provides a solution for the structural design of the entire cooling tower. The main load-bearing long straight main members 1 of the tower can be arranged according to the rotational array of this generatrix, thereby ensuring that all main members are long straight main members 1, creating the prerequisite for completely eliminating the bulky ball joints used to connect non-collinear short members 11.

[0052] The straight lines generated by this method have revolution bodies that strictly conform to the contour dimensions required by the process. This allows the steel structure grid constructed based on these straight lines to accurately approximate the designed shape, meet aerodynamic and cooling performance requirements, and achieve a balance between structural efficiency and engineering functionality.

[0053] Compared to complex 3D modeling methods based on curve equations and mesh generation, this method has clear steps, intuitive logic, and is easy to implement quickly in software, lowering the design threshold and improving the reliability and versatility of the design solution.

[0054] The construction of steel structure cooling towers requires a frame composed of a finite number of members. In one embodiment, such as... Figure 9 As shown, the construction method also includes: S31, determine multiple origins that are equidistant along the circumference on the base circle 101 of the tower; S32, at each origin point, two straight line generatrices are determined to jointly form a cooling tower body grid frame 2000 composed of multiple straight line segments.

[0055] This method achieves reasonable discretization of the continuous circular foundation by selecting multiple origins at equal intervals on the base circle 101. Each origin represents a main force support point and the starting point of a main grid.

[0056] like Figures 2-4 As shown, at each selected origin, using the same geometric construction method as in the above embodiments, or by rotating the constructed generatrix around the central axis, a generatrix extending clockwise and a generatrix extending counterclockwise can be determined. These two generatrixes are two different generatrixes passing through the origin and capable of generating the target hyperboloid. Once the generatrixes at all origins are determined, they intertwine in space, naturally forming a linear grid covering the entire hyperboloid. This constitutes the cooling tower grid framework 2000, composed of multiple linear segments.

[0057] This method bridges the gap between a theoretical straight generatrix and a three-dimensional tower grid framework, moving from a line to a surface. Since every frame line within the framework is a straight generatrix, i.e., all are straight lines, it is possible to create a tower structure entirely composed of long straight main members 1, thereby simplifying nodes and reducing steel consumption.

[0058] By arranging the origins at equal intervals, the various structures within the grid frame are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction, allowing for uniform force distribution internally. The load transfer path is clear, symmetrical, and direct. This results in good overall structural integrity and avoids localized stress concentration. Furthermore, the generation logic of the long straight main member 1 at each origin is completely identical, leading to a uniform structure and facilitating the standardized production of the short members 11 of the long straight main member 1.

[0059] Therefore, this method provides an feasible engineering solution. Through systematic discrete point layout and array generation, it creatively constructs a spatial grid framework composed entirely of long straight main rods 1 and precisely fitted with a hyperboloid. This provides a direct and ideal structural carrier for subsequent elimination of ball nodes, optimization of connections, and realization of structural lightweighting and efficient construction.

[0060] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, each straight generatrix corresponds to a long straight main rod 1; the intersection of the long straight main rods 1 forms a cross node 10, and two adjacent long straight main rods 1 are connected at the cross node 10 by a piercing method.

[0061] Since all long straight main members 1 are defined by "straight generatrices," they are truly straight lines in three-dimensional space. When two such long straight main members 1 intersect in space, their axes will precisely converge at a single point. This is fundamentally different from the situation in traditional hyperbolic steel cooling towers where adjacent members cannot naturally intersect due to axis misalignment. This geometric characteristic of "convergence at a common point" is the prerequisite and theoretical basis for abandoning complex spherical nodes and adopting simple intersecting connections, i.e., directly cutting and welding the ends of the members.

[0062] Intersecting connections are a mature and reliable rigid connection method for concurrent intersecting members in steel structures. In this scheme, since the long straight main member 1 intersects at the node, the geometric conditions for using intersecting welding are fully met. This involves cutting the end profile of one short member 11 to match the outer surface of another member and then directly welding it. This simplifies the node construction from a single, complex spherical node component.

[0063] This application eliminates the design, casting, machining, and installation stages of ball joints, greatly simplifying the joint construction and reducing the complexity of the structural system. The heavy ball joints themselves consume a large amount of steel; eliminating them directly reduces the total steel consumption of the structure, saving on material costs, casting costs, and machining costs. Simultaneously, it simplifies connections and reduces installation costs.

[0064] Force is directly transferred between the long straight main members 1 through intersecting welds, resulting in a short and clear path that avoids force diffusion and redistribution in the spherical joints, reducing unnecessary secondary stresses. The rigid joints formed by the intersecting welds enable more effective collaboration between members, improving the overall stiffness and stability of the structure. Members only require standard straight cutting and end intersecting line cutting, which can be efficiently completed using modern CNC cutting equipment, eliminating the need to manufacture and process complex spheres. During on-site construction, the long straight main members 1 are easy to hoist, position, and temporarily fix. Only conventional welding is required at the joints, eliminating the need to deal with the complex alignment problems of heavy spherical joints and multiple members, significantly improving construction efficiency and installation accuracy.

[0065] The cooling tower structure of this application consists of a long straight main rod 1, which can adopt the simplest and most efficient node connection method, and ultimately achieves the goals of lightweighting, low cost and convenient construction while ensuring structural safety and reliability.

[0066] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, at least one of the two intersecting long straight rods 1 has a locally enlarged diameter at the intersection node 10, and the shorter long straight rod 1 is connected to the longer long straight rod 1 with a larger diameter.

[0067] As the hub where internal forces of multiple members converge and transfer, the stress state of the node region is usually the most complex. By locally increasing the diameter of one or two members at the node, a node reinforcement zone can be created, which significantly increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the core area of ​​the node. This allows for targeted improvement of the node's load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and stability without significantly increasing the total weight of the tower.

[0068] By connecting a thinner member to a thicker member, the thicker member acts as the main load-bearing and force-transmitting component at the joint. When the thinner member is welded to the thicker section of the thicker member, the effective connection area is larger, resulting in stronger load transfer capacity. Simultaneously, the thicker section provides ample base material thickness and working space for welding, facilitating higher quality and stronger welded connections. Localized thickening design can also allow for smoother force diffusion from the thinner member to the larger cross-section member through a smooth transition in cross-section, significantly reducing peak stress and improving the fatigue performance of the joint.

[0069] Therefore, the increased local cross-section of the node significantly improves its strength and safety, comprehensively enhancing its tensile, compressive, shear, and bending resistance. The node has a higher safety margin, strengthening the overall structural reliability. The thickened section provides better welding conditions, making it easier to achieve full penetration welds, reducing the risk of welding defects, and making the node connection quality more controllable and reliable. The increased size of the node area provides a slightly larger tolerance range for the on-site connection and positioning of short members 11, reducing the difficulty of installation and adjustment.

[0070] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6 As shown, a cross plate 20 is set at the intersection node 10, and the two long straight main rods 1 are connected through the cross plate 20.

[0071] Between two long, straight main bars 1 that need to be connected, a separate, prefabricated cross plate 20 is introduced as the intermediate medium for connection and the core element for force transmission. The cross plate 20 is typically made of two intersecting steel plates, with its main body in a cross shape. The space between two adjacent plate arms 201 is specifically used to connect a short bar 11. In this way, the direct connection between short bars 11 is transformed into a standardized connection between short bars 11 and the cross plate 20. This design decomposes the complex problem of multi-bar spatial intersection at the node into several relatively simple "bar-plate connection" problems.

[0072] When the axial force of a member is transmitted to the cross plate welded to it, the force is transformed and redistributed within the plate. The core area of ​​the cross plate becomes the "hub" of internal forces, which can integrate the forces from short members 11 from different directions and then smoothly transmit them to other connected short members 11, making the force diffusion more complete, the stress distribution more uniform, and significantly reducing the local stress concentration effect at the ends of the members.

[0073] By using cross-plate welding, the operational difficulty and technical threshold of on-site welding are reduced, and the reliance on highly skilled welders is decreased. Furthermore, the cross-plate component 20 itself, as a solid steel plate, possesses extremely high in-plane stiffness and strength. The core area of ​​the node formed by it exhibits stronger resistance to compression, shear, bending, and torsion, and can withstand exceptionally complex composite stress states.

[0074] The cross plate 20 has a simple structure and is lightweight, allowing for standardized and mass prefabrication in a factory. The cross plate 20 provides a clear, physical connection reference for each short member 11. The ends of the short members 11 only require a flat cut, eliminating the need to cut complex spatial intersection lines, making installation and positioning more intuitive and forgiving.

[0075] In one embodiment, refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4A horizontal bar 2 is provided between multiple intersecting nodes 10 at the same height, and the multiple horizontal bars 2 at the same height together constitute at least a part of the reinforcing ring 40 of the cooling tower body 1000.

[0076] In the cooling tower body grid frame 2000 of this application, only the reinforcing ring 40 has a circumferential horizontal bar 2, and the horizontal bars 2 at other positions can be eliminated, further reducing the overall weight and production cost.

[0077] The cooling tower mesh frame 2000 of this application has a geometrically invariant system because the triangle formed by the long straight main bar 1 at the bottom, defined by two straight generatrices extending from the same origin, is a geometrically invariant system without redundant constraints. Furthermore, the nodes added to each layer above it are also geometrically invariant, ensuring the overall structure is geometrically unchanged and stable. Therefore, there is no need to set excessive horizontal bars 2 to constrain each layer, thereby further reducing the overall weight and production costs.

[0078] The reinforcing ring 40 itself is a horizontal annular truss or solid-web ring beam with enormous in-plane stiffness, capable of directly bearing and uniformly distributing local circumferential forces at that height. Therefore, the reinforcing ring 40 can resist the circumferential deformation of the cooling tower body 1000, maintaining the geometric stability of the tower. Simultaneously, the reinforcing ring 40 can constrain the radial displacement of the nodes. The horizontal bar 2 at the reinforcing ring 40 rigidly connects all nodes in the same ring, greatly limiting the radial displacement of the nodes, thereby suppressing necking or bulging deformation of the tower body at that height. This ensures the accuracy and stability of the structural geometry of the cooling tower body 1000.

[0079] Therefore, this application provides a horizontal bar 2 at the reinforcing ring 40. The horizontal bar 2, together with the long straight bar 1, forms a constraint triangle and constitutes at least a part of the reinforcing ring 40 of the cooling tower body 1000, further saving steel.

[0080] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, the intersecting nodes 10 at the same height constitute a node layer. The cooling tower body 1000 includes multiple node layers along the height direction, and reinforcing rings 40 are arranged at intervals in the multiple node layers. By concentrating the limited circumferential material on the key sections that contribute the most to the overall stiffness and stability, the waste caused by setting ineffective or inefficient members in secondary areas is avoided, thereby maximizing the stiffness / weight ratio of the entire tower and achieving lightweight tower structure.

[0081] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4As shown, the horizontal bar 2 and the two long straight bars 1 intersecting above it together form a triangular frame 30. The triangular frame 30 contains triangular reinforcing members, whose three vertices are connected to the center positions of the two long straight bars 1 between adjacent nodes and the center position of the horizontal bar 2, respectively. The triangular reinforcing members directly and effectively strengthen the local structure. They provide mid-span lateral support for the diagonal bars, improving their compressive stability and torsional stiffness of the overall structure.

[0082] Triangular stiffeners can also disrupt the conditions for low-frequency local vibration in large triangular areas, reducing the risk of harmful vortex-induced vibration or local resonance in the structure under wind action, making the stress distribution in the area more uniform and smooth, reducing stress concentration, and thus improving the fatigue life of the joint.

[0083] According to an embodiment of the present invention, in another aspect, combined with Figures 10-14 The illustrated embodiment also provides another method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, such as... Figure 10 As shown, it includes the following steps: S101, Obtain process parameters, including the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body 1000, the diameter of the outer tower bottom circle 101, the height and diameter of the outer tower throat 102, and determine the horizontal plane corresponding to the tower top 103 based on the height of the tower top 103. S102, On the outer tower bottom circle 101, multiple origins are determined at equal intervals along the circumference. At each origin, two straight generatrices are determined by geometric drawing method to jointly form the outer cooling tower body grid frame 2001 composed of multiple straight line segments. S103, Based on the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body 1000, determine the inner tower frame line 2002.

[0084] The above method can be used to construct the frame structure of a double-layer hyperbolic steel cooling tower. Based on the "master-slave generation" construction logic, the main body is the outer tower body, while the inner tower body is designed based on the constructed outer tower body.

[0085] The core geometric control surface of a double-layer cooling tower is its outer surface. Therefore, strictly following the method described in the first aspect, a linear grid framework for the outer tower is constructed based on the given outer tower parameters. This outer framework is the main load-bearing structure and also the benchmark defining the overall tower geometry.

[0086] Based on the accurate acquisition of the outer frame, the determination of the inner frame is achieved by the principle of equidistant offset of the thickness parameter.

[0087] This application decomposes the complex double-layer curved surface structure design into two logically clear sequential steps: first, the baseline shape, i.e., the outer tower structure, is determined; then, the inner tower structure is generated based on the thickness parameters of the double-layer cooling tower (1000mm). This avoids problems such as geometric inconsistencies and uneven thicknesses that may arise from designing the inner and outer layers independently, ensuring the geometric accuracy of the double-layer cavity, improving the uniformity of cooling airflow, and ensuring structural stability under stress.

[0088] Therefore, the inner framework does not require repeated geometric solutions; it can be automatically generated simply through coordinate offsets, resulting in rapid design speed. The inner and outer structures share identical topological logic, allowing the optimization results of the outer structure to be fully reused in the inner layer. This leads to a high degree of design standardization, reducing repetitive work and the probability of errors.

[0089] The uniformity of the inner and outer layer member types and the standardization of the node forms are highly beneficial for mass production and modular prefabrication in the factory. During on-site installation, the outer layer can be installed first as a stabilizing benchmark, followed by the installation of the inner layer and connecting rod 2003. The construction logic is clear and the sequence is reasonable.

[0090] In one embodiment, such as Figure 11 As shown, the steps for determining the generatrix of a straight line using geometric construction include: S201, draw the projection circle 1021 of the outer tower throat 102 in the bottom plane of the tower; S202, determine an origin on the outer tower bottom circle 101, draw a tangent line to the projection circle 1021 at the origin, and determine the point of tangency; S203, Determine the connection point corresponding to the tangent point at the throat 102 of the outer tower; S204, connect the origin and the connection point, and extend the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower 103. The resulting straight line segment is used as the straight line generatrix.

[0091] A hyperboloid is a ruled surface whose core geometric property lies in the existence of two families of straight lines, from which the surface can be formed by sweeping any one of these lines around its axis of symmetry. Based on this principle, this method transforms the complex problem of hyperboloid modeling into a geometric construction problem of finding and locating a specific generatrix of these straight lines.

[0092] Construct a projection circle 1021 of the outer tower throat 102 onto the plane at the bottom of the tower. Project the circular outline of the outer tower throat 102 in three-dimensional space onto the horizontal reference plane at the bottom of the tower, establishing a two-dimensional geometric relationship between the upper and lower parts, and providing a reference for subsequent tangent drawing.

[0093] The throat 102 of the outer tower is the point with the smallest diameter of the outer cooling tower body 1000. Therefore, the projection of the straight generatrix on the horizontal plane must pass through but not through the projection circle 1021. That is, the projection of the straight generatrix should be tangent to the projection circle 1021. Determine an origin A on the bottom circle 101 of the outer tower, and draw a tangent line to the projection circle 1021 at point A to determine the tangent point B. The tangent line AB is the partial projection of the straight generatrix on the horizontal plane.

[0094] Determine the connection point C corresponding to the tangent point B at the outer tower throat 102: Project the horizontal tangent point B vertically upwards onto the actual height plane of the outer tower throat 102, and you will obtain a point in space through which the straight generatrix actually passes, thus obtaining point C. Point C is located on the circumference of the actual outer tower throat 102.

[0095] Connect the origin A and the connection point C. The two points determine a line, which gives the direction of the extension of the line generatrix. One end of the line generatrix is ​​located at the origin, which is determined by the origin, and the other end is located at the top of the tower 103. Therefore, the intersection of the line AC and the plane at the top of the tower 103 is the other end of the line generatrix.

[0096] Connect points A and C to obtain a straight line, and extend it upwards to intersect the plane at height 103 of the tower top at vertex D. The resulting straight line AD is the required generatrix.

[0097] This application provides a simple and practical method to uniquely and precisely derive a straight generatrix that can serve as the main structural skeleton of the cooling tower from given process parameters. This solves the core problem of "how to construct a given hyperboloid with a straight line." The resulting straight generatrix provides a solution for the structural design of the entire cooling tower. The main load-bearing members of the tower can be arranged according to a rotating array based on this generatrix, thereby ensuring that all main members are long, straight main members 1, creating the prerequisite for completely eliminating the bulky ball joints used to connect non-collinear members.

[0098] The straight lines generated by this method have revolution bodies that strictly conform to the contour dimensions required by the process. This allows the steel structure grid constructed based on these straight lines to accurately approximate the designed shape, meet aerodynamic and cooling performance requirements, and achieve a balance between structural efficiency and engineering functionality.

[0099] Compared to complex 3D modeling methods based on curve equations and mesh generation, this method has clear steps, intuitive logic, and is easy to implement quickly in software, lowering the design threshold and improving the reliability and versatility of the design solution.

[0100] In one embodiment, such as Figure 12 As shown, the inner tower frame line 2002, determined based on the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body 1000, includes: S301, obtain the origin and vertex positions of the straight line generatrix; S302, based on the origin and vertex positions of the straight line generatrix, determine the lower and upper endpoint positions of the corresponding frame lines respectively; Among them, such as Figure 13 and Figure 14 As shown, determining the positions of the lower and upper endpoints includes: assuming the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body 1000 is X, then the lower endpoint A' is located at the origin position A offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X, and the upper endpoint D' is located at the apex position D offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X.

[0101] S303 connects the lower and upper endpoints to obtain the frame line.

[0102] This application defines the spatial attitude of the entire inner frame line by offsetting the two control endpoints at both ends of the straight busbar, namely the origin located at the bottom circle 101 of the outer tower and the vertex located at the top plane 103 of the tower.

[0103] After calculating the lower endpoint offset from the origin and the upper endpoint offset from the vertex of the inner frame line, these two points are directly connected to form a new spatial straight line. Therefore, this method reconstructs the main stress skeleton line of the inner layer with high precision using the simplest geometric elements and the lowest computational cost, cleverly avoiding the calculation of equidistant lines on complex curved surfaces.

[0104] The lower endpoint of the inner frame line is uniquely generated from the origin of the outer generatrix, and its upper endpoint is uniquely generated from the vertex of the outer generatrix. This strict point-to-point mapping relationship ensures that the generated inner frame lines and outer generatrixes are structurally completely corresponding and matched one-to-one. Since the inner lines are entirely derived from the outer lines through deterministic rules, any interference or mismatch that may occur between the inner and outer structures in three-dimensional space is fundamentally eliminated.

[0105] Generating the inner tower frame structure requires only a single offset calculation for a limited number of key points, followed by connection. This calculation is significantly faster than any method based on surface reconstruction or finite element mesh generation. The theoretical spatial coordinates of each inner node can be easily derived from the coordinates of the corresponding outer node, providing a unique, clear, and verifiable benchmark for on-site total station layout and installation positioning, greatly improving installation accuracy and efficiency.

[0106] like Figure 13 As shown, in one embodiment, each straight busbar corresponds to an outer long straight main rod 1, and each frame line corresponds to an inner long straight main rod 1; a connecting rod 2003 is provided between the inner long straight main rod 1 and the corresponding outer long straight main rod 1.

[0107] A simple inner and outer reticulated shell, without interconnection, has poor resistance to deformation and limited lateral stiffness under horizontal loads. The connecting rods 2003 establish connections between corresponding members in the inner and outer layers. These connecting rods 2003, working in conjunction with the inner and outer layer members, alter the force flow path and improve structural stability.

[0108] Although embodiments of the invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations all fall within the scope defined in this application.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain process parameters, including the diameter of the bottom circle of the tower, the height and diameter of the throat, and determine the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower based on the height of the top of the tower; A point is determined on the circle at the base of the tower, and the generatrix of a straight line is determined at the point using geometric construction. Using the straight generatrix as a reference, the straight generatrix is ​​rotated around the central axis to construct the outline of the cooling tower body.

2. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The steps for determining the generatrix of a straight line using geometric construction methods include: Draw the projection circle of the throat in the plane at the bottom of the tower; Determine an origin on the base circle of the tower, draw a tangent line to the projected circle at the origin, and determine the point of tangency. Determine the connection point corresponding to the tangent point at the throat; Connect the origin and the connection point, and extend the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower. The resulting straight line segment is used as the straight line generatrix.

3. The construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Multiple origin points are determined on the base circle of the tower and arranged equidistantly along the circumference. Two straight line generatrices are determined at each origin point to jointly form a cooling tower grid frame composed of multiple straight line segments.

4. The construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned straight generatrices corresponds to a long straight main rod; The intersection of the long straight main bars forms a cross node, and two adjacent long straight main bars are connected at the cross node by a piercing manner.

5. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, At least one of the two intersecting long straight rods has a locally enlarged diameter at the intersection node, and the shorter long straight rod is connected to the longer long straight rod with a larger diameter. And / or, a cross plate is provided at the intersection node, through which the two long straight main rods are connected.

6. The construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that, A horizontal bar is provided between multiple intersection nodes located at the same height, and the multiple horizontal bars at the same height together constitute at least a part of the reinforcing ring of the cooling tower body.

7. The construction method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The intersection nodes located at the same height constitute a node layer, and the cooling tower body includes multiple node layers along the height direction, with the reinforcing rings arranged at intervals in the multiple node layers; And / or, the horizontal bar and the two long straight bars intersecting above it together form a triangular frame, and a triangular reinforcing member is provided inside the triangular frame. The three vertices of the triangular reinforcing member are respectively connected to the center position of the two long straight bars between two adjacent nodes and the center position of the horizontal bar.

8. A method for constructing a hyperbolic steel structure cooling tower, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Obtain process parameters, including the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body, the diameter of the outer tower bottom circle, the height and diameter of the outer tower throat, and determine the horizontal plane corresponding to the tower top based on the tower top height; Multiple origin points are determined on the outer tower base circle and arranged equidistantly along the circumference. At each origin point, two straight generatrices are determined by geometric drawing method to jointly form an outer cooling tower grid frame composed of multiple straight line segments. The inner tower frame line is determined based on the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The steps for determining the generatrix of a straight line using geometric construction methods include: Draw the projection circle of the outer tower throat onto the bottom plane of the tower; Determine an origin on the outer tower base circle, draw a tangent line to the projected circle at the origin, and determine the point of tangency; Determine the connection point corresponding to the tangent point at the throat of the outer tower; Connect the origin and the connection point, and extend the line to the horizontal plane corresponding to the top of the tower. The resulting straight line segment is used as the straight line generatrix.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The inner tower frame line is determined based on the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower body, including: Obtain the origin and vertex positions of the generatrix; Based on the origin and vertex positions of the straight generatrix, the lower and upper endpoint positions of the corresponding frame lines are determined respectively. The frame line is obtained by connecting the lower endpoint and the upper endpoint.

11. The construction method according to claim 10, characterized in that, Determining the lower endpoint position and the upper endpoint position includes: Let the thickness of the double-layer cooling tower be X. Then the lower end point is located at the origin position offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X, and the upper end point is located at the apex position offset radially towards the center of the tower by a distance X.

12. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Each of the aforementioned straight busbars corresponds to an outer layer long straight main rod, and each of the aforementioned frame lines corresponds to an inner layer long straight main rod; A connecting rod is provided between the inner long straight main rod and the corresponding outer long straight main rod.

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