Damping mechanism for machine core machining
The shock absorption system, which combines spring damping components and arc-shaped elastic cantilever, along with a limiting and lifting mechanism, solves the problem of insufficient stability and precision in the machining of traditional shock absorption structures, achieving efficient shock absorption and equipment protection.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- FUJIAN ZHONGCHEN PRECISION MOVEMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-04-10
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Traditional shock absorption structures are difficult to meet the high-precision requirements in movement processing, and have problems such as poor low-frequency vibration isolation, easy creep, low reset accuracy, and insufficient stability, resulting in out-of-tolerance machining dimensions and damage to precision parts.
The main shock absorption system, which combines spring damping components with an arc-shaped elastic cantilever, along with a limiting and lifting mechanism, achieves all-round buffering of vertical and radial vibrations and provides rapid response protection under instantaneous impacts to avoid hard collisions.
It achieves efficient vibration reduction of the movement, improves processing accuracy and equipment stability, reduces the risk of damage to core components, and meets the high-precision requirements of movement processing.
Smart Images
Figure CN122007964A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of machine tool vibration reduction technology, specifically a vibration reduction mechanism for machine tool machining. Background Technology
[0002] Movement components (such as watch movements, miniature motor movements, and instrument movements) generally possess characteristics of precision structure, small size, poor rigidity, and susceptibility to vibration. In the milling, drilling, grinding, and assembly processes of movement components: Vibration of the machine tool itself, cutting tool vibration, and ground-transmitted vibration can directly lead to dimensional deviations and poor surface roughness. Vibration can also cause collisions and deformations of precision parts such as gears, shafts, and balance wheels inside the machine mechanism, affecting the accuracy and service life of the finished product. Traditional rubber pads and ordinary spring damping structures have problems such as poor low-frequency vibration isolation, easy creep, low reset accuracy, and insufficient stability, making it difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision machining.
[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dedicated shock absorption mechanism that has good shock absorption effect, accurate reset, high stability, and is compatible with precision movement processing. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a shock-absorbing mechanism for machining a movement, comprising a base and a support platform, wherein the support platform is used to connect to a machine tool, and a plurality of spring damping elements are connected between the support platform and the base, a central support column is provided at the bottom center of the support platform, and a plurality of arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are provided on the top surface of the base, wherein the plurality of arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central support column. The bottom of the central support column is set as a semi-circular structure, and its upper part is a frustum-shaped structure, which forms an arc transition connection with the bearing platform; the lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate, and the upper end is a free end, which is elastically contacted with the side wall of the central support column in an elastic pre-tightened state. When the central support column is subjected to load and vibrates or displaces, the arc-shaped elastic cantilever can absorb the impact energy through its own elastic deformation. Each side of the base is provided with a limiting support mechanism between itself and the support platform; when the support platform sinks at a speed exceeding the normal vibration speed due to an instantaneous impact load, the internal support component rises to support the support platform and limit its continued sinking.
[0006] Furthermore, the limiting and lifting mechanism includes a first cylinder, a lowering rod, a second cylinder, and a lifting rod. The first and second cylinders are both mounted on the top surface of the base. The lowering rod is slidably mounted on the first cylinder, with its top end connected to the support platform and its bottom end provided with a sealing block. An air vent is provided at the bottom of the first cylinder, and a vent pipe is connected between the first and second cylinders. The lifting rod is slidably mounted on the second cylinder, and its lower end is provided with a second sealing block. A baffle is rotatably provided at the connection between the vent pipe and the first cylinder, and a torsion spring is connected between the rotating shaft of the baffle and the inner wall of the vent pipe.
[0007] Furthermore, an arc-shaped lifting block is fixed to the top of the lifting rod, and an elastic buffer pad is fixed to the upper surface of the arc-shaped lifting block; a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the second cylinder, and a guide slider adapted to the guide groove is fixed to the side wall of the lifting rod, and the guide slider is slidably embedded in the guide groove.
[0008] Furthermore, the number of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever is four sets. The arc-shaped elastic cantilever is an arc-shaped curved plate structure. The lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever is connected to the base with a reinforcing rib to enhance the structural strength of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever and limit its maximum deformation.
[0009] Furthermore, a support is provided at the lower end of the base, and the base is movably assembled in the support. Each side end of the base has a relief opening at its bottom. Each side end of the support is connected to a connecting rod, and an arc-shaped buffer arm is slidably connected to the connecting rod. The curved part of the arc-shaped buffer arm is connected to the relief opening, and buffer springs are connected between both ends of the arc-shaped buffer arm and the support.
[0010] Furthermore, a fixed seat is provided above the support platform. The fixed seat is connected to the support platform by several support rods. Several leveling seats are movably distributed on the upper end of the fixed seat. The leveling seats are connected to the machine base. Several guide rods are provided at the bottom end of the leveling seats. The fixed seat has a corresponding sliding opening. The guide rod is slidably connected to the slider. A lead screw is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the leveling seat. An adjustment port corresponding to the lead screw is provided on the fixed seat. An adjustment sleeve is rotatably connected to the lower end of the adjustment port. The adjustment sleeve is threadedly connected to the lead screw.
[0011] Furthermore, an arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is fixed to the inner side of the free end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever. The inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is in contact with the side wall of the central support column, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner has several annular grooves. The annular grooves are filled with a flexible buffer adhesive layer, and the flexible buffer adhesive layer is in elastic contact with the side wall of the central support column.
[0012] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention provides a main shock absorption system that combines spring damping components with arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms to achieve all-round buffering of vertical and radial vibrations. The spring damping components effectively absorb conventional vertical vibrations, preventing vibrations from being transmitted upward to the machine base and mechanism. The four sets of arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are evenly distributed around the central support column, and together with the special structure of the central support column, they achieve precise buffering and limiting of radial vibrations, which can fully absorb radial impact energy and rebound stably.
[0013] The design of the limiting and lifting mechanism enables rapid response and effective protection against overload impacts. Under normal operating conditions, the mechanism does not interfere with the operation of the main shock absorption system. When the sinking speed far exceeds the normal vibration speed, the compressed air in the first cylinder experiences a sudden pressure increase due to the untimely exhaust of the air outlet. This pressure pushes open the vent pipe baffle and enters the second cylinder, propelling the lifting rod to quickly rise and lift the support platform, limiting its excessive sinking and preventing hard collisions between the core, the machine platform, and the base. Overall, this enhances the equipment's ability to cope with instantaneous impacts, handle emergencies such as tool switching, jamming, and heavy object impacts, and reduces the risk of damage to core components. Attached Figure Description
[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the support structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the base structure layout of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a front view of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the limiting and lifting mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle.
[0015] In the diagram, the components are: base-1, bearing platform-2, spring damping component-3, central support column-4, arc-shaped elastic cantilever-5, limiting and lifting mechanism-6, first cylinder-7, downward pressure rod-8, second cylinder-9, lifting rod-10, air outlet-11, vent pipe-12, baffle-13, support-14, relief port-15, connecting rod-16, arc-shaped buffer arm-17, buffer spring component-18, fixed seat-19, support rod-20, leveling seat-21, guide rod-22, lead screw-23, and adjusting sleeve-24. Detailed Implementation
[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0017] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, a shock-absorbing mechanism for machining a movement includes a base 1 and a support platform 2. The support platform 2 is used to connect to the machine tool. Several spring damping elements 3 are connected between the support platform 2 and the base 1, which are the basic elements for vertical shock absorption. A central support column 4 is provided at the bottom center of the support platform 2. Several arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms 5 are provided on the top surface of the base 1. The multiple arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms 5 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central support column 4. The bottom of the central support column 4 is designed as a semi-circular structure, while its upper part is a frustoconical structure, forming an arc transition connection with the bearing platform 2. The lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate, while the upper end is a free end, elastically contacting the side wall of the central support column 4 in an elastically pre-tightened state. When the central support column 4 is subjected to load and vibrates or displaces, the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 can absorb the impact energy through its own elastic deformation. A reinforcing rib connects the lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 to the base 1. The design of the reinforcing rib not only increases the overall structural strength of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5, but more importantly, it physically limits the maximum deformation of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5. This prevents the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 from undergoing permanent plastic deformation (i.e., being bent beyond recovery) under overload conditions, ensuring that the shock absorption mechanism can be reused.
[0018] The central support column 4 has a special shape, with a semi-circular structure at the bottom and a frustoconical structure at the top, which can perfectly match the arc contour of the arc elastic cantilever 5. This ensures that the free end of the arc elastic cantilever 5 and the side wall of the central support column 4 always maintain full and tight elastic contact, avoiding contact point displacement or uneven force. In addition, the arc transition connection with the bearing platform 2 can further disperse the pressure transmitted by the bearing platform 2, prevent the central support column 4 from breaking due to stress concentration at the connection with the bearing platform 2, and at the same time reduce energy loss during vibration transmission and extend the service life of the components.
[0019] The curved plate structure gives it excellent elastic deformation capability. Compared with the straight arm structure, the curved structure can withstand greater radial compression, fully absorb impact energy during deformation, and has more stable rebound performance, making it less prone to plastic deformation. The curved design of the upper free end can perfectly fit with the frustum-shaped upper part and semi-circular bottom of the central support column 4, ensuring that the two are in contact in an elastic pre-tightened state. No matter what slight deviation the central support column 4 may have, it can achieve full contact and uniform force distribution. The four sets of curved structures are evenly distributed around the central support column 4 to form a symmetrical force structure, which can ensure the force balance around the central support column 4, avoid the tilting of the bearing platform 2 caused by excessive force on one side, and at the same time achieve buffering and limiting of multi-directional radial vibration.
[0020] When the bearing platform 2 is subjected to load and vibrates or undergoes radial displacement, the central support column 4 will simultaneously undergo a slight offset, compressing the circumferential arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 and causing the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 to undergo elastic deformation. Utilizing the elastic rebound characteristics of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 itself, it absorbs radial impact energy during the deformation process and generates a reverse elastic force, pulling the central support column 4 (and the bearing platform 2) back to the equilibrium position, thereby achieving the buffering and limiting of radial vibration and preventing the bearing platform 2 from undergoing large-scale offset.
[0021] Each side of the base 1 is provided with a limiting support mechanism 6 between it and the support platform 2. When the support platform 2 sinks at a speed exceeding the normal vibration speed due to an instantaneous impact load, the internal support component rises to support the support platform 2 and restrict its continued sinking.
[0022] In this embodiment, the limiting and lifting mechanism 6 includes a first cylinder 7, a pressing rod 8, a second cylinder 9, and a lifting rod 10. The first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9 are both mounted on the top surface of the base 1. The pressing rod 8 is slidably mounted on the first cylinder 7. The top end of the pressing rod 8 is connected to the support platform 2, and a sealing block is provided at the bottom end. An air vent 11 is opened at the bottom of the first cylinder 7. A vent pipe 12 is connected between the first cylinder 7 and the second cylinder 9. The lifting rod 10 is slidably mounted on the second cylinder 9, and a second sealing block is provided at its lower end. A baffle 13 is rotatably provided at the connection between the vent pipe 12 and the first cylinder 7. A torsion spring is connected between the rotating shaft of the baffle 13 and the inner wall of the vent pipe 12.
[0023] When the movement manufacturing generates normal vibrations, causing the support platform 2 to sink slightly, the support platform 2 drives the pressure rod 8 to slide downwards synchronously. The sealing block at the bottom of the pressure rod 8 moves down accordingly, compressing the air inside the first cylinder 7. At this time, the compressed air can be slowly discharged through the air outlet 11 at the bottom of the first cylinder 7. The air pressure inside the first cylinder 7 remains stable and will not generate enough pressure to push the baffle 13 to rotate (the torsion spring keeps the baffle 13 in the initial state of closing the vent pipe 12). There is no change in air pressure inside the second cylinder 9, and the lifting rod 10 remains stationary, which does not affect the normal operation of the main shock absorption system.
[0024] When the movement encounters a sudden impact load (such as tool jamming or heavy object impact), causing the support platform 2 to sink at a speed far exceeding the normal vibration speed, the pressure rod 8 slides down rapidly with the support platform 2, instantly compressing the air inside the first cylinder 7. Due to the excessively fast sinking speed, the air outlet 11 at the bottom of the first cylinder 7 cannot expel all the compressed air in time, causing the air pressure inside the first cylinder 7 to rise sharply. The high-pressure air overcomes the preload of the torsion spring and pushes open the baffle 13 at the connection between the vent pipe 12 and the first cylinder 7, allowing the compressed air to quickly enter the second cylinder 9 through the vent pipe 12. The high-pressure air entering the second cylinder 9 acts on the second sealing block at the lower end of the lifting rod 10, pushing the lifting rod 10 to slide upward. The arc-shaped lifting block at the top of the lifting rod 10 rises rapidly and contacts the bottom of the support platform 2, providing support for the support platform 2, limiting its continued sinking, and preventing the support platform 2 (and the upper mechanism and movement) from having a hard collision with the base 1, thus protecting the core components from damage.
[0025] In this embodiment, an arc-shaped lifting block is fixed at the top of the lifting rod 10, and an elastic buffer pad is fixed on the upper surface of the arc-shaped lifting block; a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the second cylinder 9, and a guide slider adapted to the guide groove is fixed on the side wall of the lifting rod 10, and the guide slider is slidably embedded in the guide groove. The arc-shaped lifting block conforms to the shape of the bottom of the support platform 2, which can ensure that the force is evenly distributed during lifting and avoid local stress concentration; the elastic buffer pad can absorb the impact force at the moment of lifting, reduce the secondary vibration generated during the lifting process, and at the same time avoid hard contact between metals and prevent wear on the bottom of the support platform 2.
[0026] In this embodiment, a support 14 is provided at the lower end of the base 1. The base 1 is movably assembled in the support 14. Each side end of the base 1 has a relief opening 15. Each side end of the support 14 is connected to a connecting rod 16. An arc-shaped buffer arm 17 is slidably connected to the connecting rod 16. The bent part of the arc-shaped buffer arm 17 is connected to the relief opening 15. Both ends of the arc-shaped buffer arm 17 are connected to the support 14 with buffer spring members 18.
[0027] When the instantaneous impact load is too large, the impact force is transmitted to the base 1, causing a slight displacement of the base 1 within the support 14. The base 1 then causes the arc-shaped buffer arm 17 to deform (compress or stretch), causing its side end to slide along the connecting rod 16. The curved portion of the arc-shaped buffer arm 17 deforms within the relief opening 15, simultaneously stretching or compressing the buffer springs 18 at both ends. The buffer springs 18 undergo elastic deformation, converting the displacement energy of the base 1 into their own elastic potential energy. The arc-shaped buffer arm 17 further absorbs the impact energy through its own deformation, thereby weakening the impact of the enormous impact force on the entire mechanism and preventing damage to core components such as the base 1 and the support platform 2 due to excessive macroscopic displacement. In this embodiment, a fixed seat 19 is provided above the support platform 2. The fixed seat 19 is connected to the support platform 2 by several support rods 20. Several leveling seats 21 are movably distributed at the upper end of the fixed seat 19. The leveling seats 21 are connected to the machine tool. Several guide rods 22 are provided at the bottom end of the leveling seats 21. The fixed seat 19 has a corresponding sliding opening. The guide rods 22 are slidably connected to the slider. The bottom end of the leveling seat 21 is rotatably connected to the lead screw 23. The fixed seat 19 has an adjustment port corresponding to the lead screw 23. The lower end of the adjustment port is rotatably connected to the adjustment sleeve 24. The adjustment sleeve 24 is threadedly connected to the lead screw 23.
[0028] Because the machining of the movement requires extremely high levelness of the machine tool, if the machine tool tilts during installation or use, it can be leveled by adjusting the leveling seat 21: rotate the adjusting sleeve 24 at the lower end of the adjusting port of the fixed seat 19. The adjusting sleeve 24 engages with the lead screw 23. Since the guide rod 22 restricts the rotation of the leveling seat 21, the lead screw 23 will move vertically up and down with the rotation of the adjusting sleeve 24, thereby driving the leveling seat 21 to move up and down. By adjusting the height of multiple leveling seats 21 respectively, the levelness of the machine tool can be adjusted, eliminating tilting caused by installation errors or unevenness of the machine tool mounting surface. In this embodiment, an arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is fixed to the inner side of the free end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5. The inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is in contact with the side wall of the central support column 4, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is provided with several annular grooves. The annular grooves are filled with a flexible buffer adhesive layer, and the flexible buffer adhesive layer is in elastic contact with the side wall of the central support column 4.
[0029] The arc-shaped wear-resistant liner on the inner side of the free end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 has an inner diameter that fits against the side wall of the central support column 4, which can reduce the frictional loss between the central support column 4 and the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5 and extend the service life of both. The annular groove on the inner arc surface of the liner is filled with a flexible buffer adhesive layer, which on the one hand achieves soft contact between the metal and the flexible material, eliminating the small vibrations generated by hard friction, and on the other hand can further absorb the small impacts between the central support column 4 and the arc-shaped elastic cantilever 5, improve the fineness of shock absorption, and avoid the small vibrations affecting the machining accuracy of the movement.
[0030] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing, characterized in that: It includes a base and a support platform. The support platform is used to connect to the machine tool. Several spring damping elements are connected between the support platform and the base. A central support column is provided at the bottom center of the support platform. Several arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are provided on the top surface of the base. The multiple arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central support column. The bottom of the central support column is set as a semi-circular structure, and its upper part is a frustum-shaped structure, which forms an arc transition connection with the bearing platform; the lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever is fixed to the upper surface of the base plate, and the upper end is a free end, which is elastically contacted with the side wall of the central support column in an elastic pre-tightened state. When the central support column is subjected to load and vibrates or displaces, the arc-shaped elastic cantilever can absorb the impact energy through its own elastic deformation. Each side of the base is provided with a limiting support mechanism between itself and the support platform; when the support platform sinks at a speed exceeding the normal vibration speed due to an instantaneous impact load, the internal support component rises to support the support platform and limit its continued sinking.
2. The shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting and lifting mechanism includes a first cylinder, a lowering rod, a second cylinder, and a lifting rod. The first and second cylinders are both mounted on the top surface of the base. The lowering rod is slidably mounted on the first cylinder, with its top end connected to the support platform and its bottom end equipped with a sealing block. The bottom of the first cylinder has an air vent. A vent pipe connects the first and second cylinders. The lifting rod is slidably mounted on the second cylinder, and its lower end is equipped with a second sealing block. A baffle is rotatably mounted at the connection between the vent pipe and the first cylinder, and a torsion spring is connected between the pivot of the baffle and the inner wall of the vent pipe.
3. The shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 2, characterized in that: An arc-shaped lifting block is fixed to the top of the lifting rod, and an elastic buffer pad is fixed to the upper surface of the arc-shaped lifting block; a guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the second cylinder, and a guide slider adapted to the guide groove is fixed to the side wall of the lifting rod, and the guide slider is slidably embedded in the guide groove.
4. The shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms is four sets. The arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms are arc-shaped curved plate-like structures. The lower end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms is connected to the base with reinforcing ribs to enhance the structural strength of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever arms and limit their maximum deformation.
5. A shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base is provided with a support at its lower end, and the base is movably assembled in the support. Each side end of the base has a relief opening at its bottom. Each side end of the support is connected to a connecting rod, and an arc-shaped buffer arm is slidably connected to the connecting rod. The curved part of the arc-shaped buffer arm is connected to the relief opening, and buffer springs are connected between both ends of the arc-shaped buffer arm and the support.
6. The shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixed base is provided above the support platform. The fixed base is connected to the support platform by several support rods. Several leveling seats are movably distributed on the upper end of the fixed base. The leveling seats are connected to the machine base. Several guide rods are provided at the bottom end of the leveling seats. The fixed base has corresponding sliding openings. The guide rods are slidably connected to the slider. A lead screw is rotatably connected to the bottom end of the leveling seat. An adjustment port corresponding to the lead screw is provided on the fixed base. An adjustment sleeve is rotatably connected to the lower end of the adjustment port. The adjustment sleeve is threadedly connected to the lead screw.
7. The shock-absorbing mechanism for movement processing according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is fixed to the inner side of the free end of the arc-shaped elastic cantilever. The inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner is in contact with the side wall of the central support column, and the inner arc surface of the arc-shaped wear-resistant liner has several annular grooves. The annular grooves are filled with a flexible buffer adhesive layer, and the flexible buffer adhesive layer is in elastic contact with the side wall of the central support column.