Urban road drainage system based on sponge city concept
By introducing rainwater inspection wells, permeable pavement structures, and multi-layer filtration layers into urban road drainage systems, the problem of easy clogging in traditional drainage systems has been solved, achieving efficient purification and orderly discharge of rainwater, and improving the system's adaptability and reliability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY GUANGZHOU ENG GRP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
Smart Images
Figure CN122013872A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of road drainage technology, and more specifically, to an urban road drainage system based on the concept of sponge cities. Background Technology
[0002] A sponge city refers to a city that, like a sponge, has good "elasticity" in adapting to environmental changes and responding to natural disasters. When it rains, it absorbs, stores, infiltrates, and purifies water, and when needed, it releases and utilizes the stored water, thereby improving the utilization rate of rainwater. Currently, traditional urban road drainage systems mainly adopt gray infrastructure, which is centered on facilities such as rainwater inlets, pipes, and pumping stations. The goal is to quickly and centrally discharge rainwater away from the city. This terminal centralized and rapid discharge model faces enormous pressure in the face of extreme weather and cannot utilize rainwater for resource recovery or control pollution. It is no longer able to meet the requirements of modern urban sustainable development. In addition, the filter layers or screens installed in the system, while effectively intercepting pollutants, are also at risk of clogging themselves. Especially when the pollutant concentration is high at the beginning of rainfall, traditional fixed-pore screens are easily and quickly clogged by suspended matter, which not only reduces filtration efficiency but also hinders drainage, forms a bottleneck, and affects the drainage capacity of the system during critical periods. Therefore, a city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge city is proposed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0003] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, this application provides an urban road drainage system based on the concept of sponge city to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solution: a city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge city, comprising a road body, a rainwater inspection well in the middle of the road body, a foundation cushion layer, a thick graded crushed stone layer, a geotextile filter layer, a thick sand layer, a thick planting soil layer, and a permeable layer. The foundation cushion layer is topped with a thick graded crushed stone layer, the thick graded crushed stone layer is topped with a geotextile filter layer, the geotextile filter layer is topped with a thick sand layer, the thick sand layer is topped with a thick planting soil layer, the thick planting soil layer is topped with a permeable layer, a crushed stone blind ditch is buried in the thick graded crushed stone layer, and the crushed stone blind ditch is connected to the rainwater inspection well through a diversion pipe.
[0005] Preferably, a permeable pavement structure is provided on one side of the sidewalk area of the road body. The permeable pavement structure includes a permeable surface layer, a leveling sand filter layer, and a permeable base layer. The bottom of the permeable surface layer is covered with a leveling sand filter layer, and the bottom of the leveling sand filter layer is covered with a permeable base layer.
[0006] Preferably, a flow guide pipe is provided below the permeable base layer, and a permeable groove is formed on the top surface of the flow guide pipe. The flow guide pipe is connected to the gravel blind ditch.
[0007] Preferably, the rainwater inspection well includes a well shaft, a well cover, an activated carbon adsorption plate, and a fall protection net. The well cover is provided at the top of the well shaft, the activated carbon adsorption plate is provided at the bottom of the well cover, and the fall protection net is provided on the side of the activated carbon adsorption plate away from the well cover.
[0008] Preferably, the bottom two sides of the rainwater inspection well are connected to a rainwater pipe network, and the bottom two sides of the anti-fall net are provided with fixing rings. The bottom of the fixing ring is connected to a pull rope, and the end of the pull rope away from the fixing ring is connected to a filter bucket. The filter bucket is set at the bottom of the rainwater inspection well, and a circular groove is provided on the side of the filter bucket near the inlet of the rainwater pipe network.
[0009] Preferably, a liquid level sensor is installed in the gravel blind drain, and a filter screen mechanism is installed at the connection between the gravel blind drain and the guide pipe. The filter screen mechanism includes a connecting frame, filter strips, movable groove, extension plate, spring and inclined surface. Filter strips are arranged on the inner wall of the connecting frame, and multiple sets of filter strips are combined to form a filter structure. A movable groove is provided on one side of the filter strip.
[0010] Preferably, the inner cavity of the movable groove is fitted with an extension plate, one end of which extends to the outside of the movable groove. The extension plate is slidably connected to the movable groove. Springs are arranged and connected to the inner wall of the movable groove. The end of the spring away from the inner wall of the movable groove is connected to the extension plate. The surface of the extension plate away from the spring is provided with an inclined surface.
[0011] Preferably, a waterproof and seepage-proof layer is also laid between the thick graded crushed stone layer and the base layer, and the edge of the waterproof and seepage-proof layer extends upward.
[0012] Preferably, the thick-graded crushed stone layer is a water storage layer, and the thick-graded crushed stone layer is laid with scattered river pebbles.
[0013] Preferably, the top surface of the permeable base layer of the permeable pavement structure is provided with a transverse slope, the slope direction pointing towards the gravel blind ditch.
[0014] The technical effects and advantages of this application are as follows: Compared with existing technologies, this urban road drainage system based on the concept of sponge cities allows rainwater accumulated in a thick graded crushed stone layer to flow into the buried crushed stone blind drains when rainfall is heavy. Finally, the rainwater is discharged into the rainwater inspection wells in an organized manner through the diversion pipes. The geotextile filter layer, thick sand layer and thick planting soil layer can effectively remove pollutants from the rainwater. The thick graded crushed stone layer provides significant water storage capacity to reduce runoff peaks, while the combination of crushed stone blind drains and diversion pipes ensures the orderly and rapid drainage of infiltrated rainwater, controlling rainwater runoff and non-point source pollution from the source.
[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this urban road drainage system based on the concept of sponge cities uses closely arranged filter slats to filter impurities. When the water pressure increases, such as when the water level rises, the water flow pushes the inclined surface of the extension plate to overcome the spring resistance and retract the movable groove, increasing the gap between the filter slats and accelerating water flow. The liquid level sensor provides the data foundation for intelligent monitoring of the system. It can perform fine filtration at low flow rates and automatically expand the water flow cross-section to prevent blockage at high flow rates. Thus, while ensuring the filtration effect, it ensures the unobstructed drainage channel under any operating conditions, improving the system's adaptability and reliability. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the rainwater inspection well structure in this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the well shaft and the fall protection net in this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the permeable pavement structure of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the filter mechanism structure of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the connecting frame and the filter strip in this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the filter strips and the extension plate in this application.
[0017] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Road body; 101. Foundation subbase; 102. Thick graded crushed stone layer; 103. Geotextile filter layer; 104. Thick sand layer; 105. Thick topsoil layer; 106. Permeable layer; 2. Rainwater inspection well; 201. Well shaft; 202. Well cover; 203. Activated carbon adsorption board; 204. Fall protection net; 3. Crushed stone blind drain; 4. Drainage pipe; 5. Permeable pavement structure; 501. 502. Permeable surface layer; 503. Leveling sand filter layer; 504. Permeable base layer; 6. Drainage pipe; 7. Permeable trough; 8. Rainwater pipe network; 9. Fixing pull ring; 10. Pull rope; 11. Filter barrel; 12. Circular groove; 13. Liquid level sensor; 14. Filter screen mechanism; 15. Connecting frame; 16. Filter strips; 17. Movable groove; 18. Extension plate; 19. Spring; 20. Inclined surface; 21. Waterproof and seepage-proof layer. Detailed Implementation
[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application. Example 1
[0019] As attached Figures 1 to 7 The urban road drainage system shown includes a road body 1, a rainwater inspection well 2 in the middle of the road body 1, a foundation cushion layer 101, a thick graded crushed stone layer 102, a geotextile filter layer 103, a thick sand layer 104, a thick planting soil layer 105, and a permeable layer 106. The thick graded crushed stone layer 102 is laid on top of the foundation cushion layer 101, the geotextile filter layer 103 is laid on top of the thick graded crushed stone layer 102, the thick sand layer 104 is laid on top of the geotextile filter layer 103, the thick planting soil layer 105 is laid on top of the thick sand layer 104, and the permeable layer 106 is laid on top of the thick planting soil layer 105. A crushed stone blind ditch 3 is buried in the thick graded crushed stone layer 102, and the crushed stone blind ditch 3 is connected to the rainwater inspection well 2 through a diversion pipe 4.
[0020] In this process, rainwater is first absorbed and infiltrated by the thick topsoil layer 105, and then initially purified by the planted vegetation. Next, the rainwater passes through the thick sand layer 104, achieving uniform water distribution and filtering out some fine particles. Then, the rainwater passes through the geotextile filter layer 103, where fine silt is effectively intercepted, preventing blockage in the lower layers. The purified rainwater then enters the water storage space formed by the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 for temporary storage and continues to infiltrate and replenish groundwater. When rainfall is heavy, the rainwater accumulates in the thick graded crushed stone layer 102. Rainwater from 02 flows into the buried gravel blind ditch 3 and is eventually discharged into the rainwater inspection well 2 through the diversion pipe 4. The geotextile filter layer 103, the thick sand layer 104, and the thick planting soil layer 105 can effectively remove pollutants from the rainwater. The thick graded gravel layer 102 provides significant water storage capacity to reduce runoff peaks. The combination of gravel blind ditch 3 and diversion pipe 4 ensures the orderly and rapid drainage of infiltrated rainwater, controlling rainwater runoff and non-point source pollution at the source. Example 2
[0021] Based on Example 1, the solution in Example 1 will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific working method, such as... Figures 1 to 7 As shown below, see details: As a preferred embodiment, a permeable pavement structure 5 is provided on one side of the sidewalk area of the road body 1. The permeable pavement structure 5 includes a permeable surface layer 501, a leveling sand filter layer 502, and a permeable base layer 503. The leveling sand filter layer 502 is laid at the bottom of the permeable surface layer 501, and the permeable base layer 503 is laid at the bottom of the leveling sand filter layer 502. The permeable surface layer 501 is a permeable brick. Rainwater falling on the sidewalk area can directly infiltrate through the permeable brick. After further filtration and diversion by the leveling sand filter layer 502, the rainwater enters the permeable base layer 503. The permeable base layer 503 has high porosity, which allows rainwater to quickly infiltrate to the roadbed or be discharged laterally into adjacent drainage facilities, reducing the generation of surface runoff. Its multi-layer structure ensures the structural strength and permeability durability of the road surface.
[0022] In a preferred embodiment, a drainage pipe 6 is installed below the permeable base layer 503. A permeable groove 7 is formed on the top surface of the drainage pipe 6. The drainage pipe 6 is connected to the gravel drainage ditch 3. When the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration rate of the permeable pavement structure 5, some rainwater converges at the bottom of the permeable base layer 503 and enters the drainage pipe 6 through the permeable groove 7. The drainage pipe 6 collects this rainwater that cannot infiltrate in time and directs it to the gravel drainage ditch 3, thereby entering the main drainage system. As a key guarantee facility for permeable pavement, the drainage pipe 6 can effectively collect and drain excess infiltrated rainwater, preventing it from saturating and accumulating in the pavement structure layer and affecting the stability of the roadbed. The permeable groove 7 on its top improves the water intake efficiency and ensures the reliability of rainwater collection.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the rainwater inspection well 2 includes a well shaft 201, a well cover 202, an activated carbon adsorption plate 203, and a fall-prevention net 204. The well cover 202 is provided on the top of the well shaft 201, and the activated carbon adsorption plate 203 is provided at the bottom of the well cover 202. The fall-prevention net 204 is provided on the side of the activated carbon adsorption plate 203 away from the well cover 202. Rainwater from the diversion pipe 4 enters the well shaft 201 of the rainwater inspection well 2. During the discharge process, the water flow and air will pass through the activated carbon adsorption plate 203, which can adsorb odors in water vapor or airflow. The fall-prevention net 204 forms a safety barrier to prevent people or large objects from falling into the bottom of the well.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment, rainwater inspection well 2 is connected to rainwater pipe network 8 on both sides of its bottom. The bottom of the fall prevention net 204 is provided with fixing rings 9 on both sides. The bottom of the fixing rings 9 is connected to a pull rope 10. The end of the pull rope 10 away from the fixing rings 9 is connected to a filter bucket 11. The filter bucket 11 is located at the bottom of the rainwater inspection well 2. A circular groove 12 is provided on the side of the filter bucket 11 near the inlet of the rainwater pipe network 8. Rainwater in the inspection well eventually flows into the filter bucket 11 at the bottom. The filter bucket 11 finally intercepts and settles the mud, sand and floating objects in it. During maintenance, the filter bucket 11 can be lifted and cleaned by pulling the pull rope 10.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment, a liquid level sensor 13 is installed inside the gravel blind drain 3, and a filter screen mechanism 14 is installed at the connection between the gravel blind drain 3 and the guide pipe 4. The filter screen mechanism 14 includes a connecting frame 15, filter strips 16, a movable groove 17, an extension plate 18, a spring 19, and an inclined surface 20. Filter strips 16 are arranged on the inner wall of the connecting frame 15. Multiple sets of filter strips 16 are combined and arranged to form a filter structure. A movable groove 17 is provided on one side of the filter strips 16. The liquid level sensor 13 monitors the water level in the gravel blind drain 3 in real time. Before the water flows into the guide pipe 4, it must pass through the filter screen mechanism 14. Under normal flow conditions, the filter strips 16 are closely arranged to filter impurities.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment, an extension plate 18 is embedded in the inner cavity of the movable groove 17. One end of the extension plate 18 extends to the outside of the movable groove 17 and is slidably connected to the movable groove 17. Springs 19 are arranged and connected to the inner wall of the movable groove 17. The end of the spring 19 away from the inner wall of the movable groove 17 is connected to the extension plate 18. An inclined surface 20 is provided on the side surface of the extension plate 18 away from the spring 19. When the water pressure increases, such as when the water level rises, the water flow pushes the inclined surface 20 of the extension plate 18 to overcome the resistance of the spring 19 and retract into the movable groove 17, thereby increasing the gap between the filter plates 16 and accelerating the flow of water. The liquid level sensor 13 provides a data basis for realizing intelligent monitoring of the system. Fine filtration is achieved at low flow rates, and the cross-sectional area of water flow is automatically expanded at high flow rates to prevent blockage. Thus, while ensuring the filtration effect, the drainage channel is kept unobstructed under any working condition, improving the adaptability and reliability of the system.
[0027] In a preferred embodiment, a waterproof and seepage-proof layer 21 is also laid between the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 and the foundation cushion layer 101, and the edge of the waterproof and seepage-proof layer 21 extends upward. The waterproof and seepage-proof layer 21 acts as a water barrier to prevent rainwater accumulated in the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 from seeping downward. Its upward-extending edge forms a water storage tray structure, which confines the rainwater within the designed water storage space. It can ensure that the rainwater is effectively stored in the water storage layer for subsequent slow infiltration or drainage, without unnecessary losses or negative impacts, thus enhancing the applicability of the drainage system under different geological conditions.
[0028] In a preferred embodiment, the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 is a water storage layer. The thick graded crushed stone layer 102 is laid with scattered river pebbles. The thick graded crushed stone layer 102, which is made of scattered river pebbles, has a large number of irregular and well-connected gaps between its particles. These gaps constitute the main rainwater storage space, i.e., the water storage layer, and can ensure the smooth flow of water.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment, the top surface of the permeable base layer 503 of the permeable pavement structure 5 is provided with a transverse slope pointing towards the gravel blind drain 3. The transverse slope provided on the top surface of the permeable base layer 503 guides the rainwater flowing horizontally in this layer to converge towards the gravel blind drain 3 if the rainwater does not infiltrate completely. This allows the rainwater to enter the underground drainage system more efficiently, avoiding disorderly flow or local stagnation of rainwater in the permeable base layer 503. This significantly improves the efficiency of coordinated drainage and ensures that rainwater can be quickly collected and transferred.
[0030] The working process of this application is as follows: First, rainwater is absorbed and infiltrated by the thick planting soil layer 105, and initially purified by the planted plants. Then, the rainwater passes through the thick sand layer 104, achieving uniform water distribution and filtering some fine particles. Next, the rainwater passes through the geotextile filter layer 103, where fine silt is effectively intercepted to prevent blockage in the lower layers. The purified rainwater enters the water storage space formed by the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 for temporary storage and continues to infiltrate and replenish groundwater. When the rainfall is heavy, the rainwater accumulated in the thick graded crushed stone layer 102 flows into the buried crushed stone blind ditch 3, and finally is discharged into the rainwater inspection well 2 in an organized manner through the diversion pipe 4. The geotextile filter layer 103, the thick sand layer 104, and the thick planting soil layer 105 can effectively remove pollutants from the rainwater. The stone layer 102 provides significant water storage capacity to reduce runoff peaks, while the combination of the gravel blind ditch 3 and the diversion pipe 4 ensures the orderly and rapid drainage of infiltrated rainwater, controlling rainwater runoff and non-point source pollution at the source. When the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration rate of the permeable pavement structure 5, some rainwater converges at the bottom of the permeable base layer 503 and enters the diversion blind pipe 6 through the permeable trough 7. The diversion blind pipe 6 collects and directs the rainwater that fails to infiltrate in time to the gravel blind ditch 3, thereby entering the main drainage system. As a key guarantee facility for permeable pavement, the diversion blind pipe 6 can effectively collect and drain infiltrated rainwater, preventing it from saturating and accumulating in the pavement structure layer and affecting the stability of the roadbed. The permeable trough 7 opened on its top improves the water intake efficiency and ensures the reliability of rainwater collection. Multiple filter strips 16 are arranged to form a filter structure. A movable groove 17 is provided on one side of the filter strips 16. The liquid level sensor 13 monitors the water level in the gravel blind ditch 3 in real time. Before entering the guide pipe 4, the water flow needs to pass through the filter screen mechanism 14. Under normal flow conditions, the filter strips 16 are closely arranged to filter impurities. When the water pressure increases, such as when the water level rises, the water flow pushes the inclined surface 20 of the extension plate 18 to overcome the resistance of the spring 19 and retract into the movable groove 17, which increases the gap between the filter strips 16 and speeds up the water flow. The liquid level sensor 13 provides a data basis for realizing intelligent monitoring of the system. Fine filtration is achieved at low flow rates, and the water flow cross-section is automatically expanded at high flow rates to prevent blockage. Thus, while ensuring the filtration effect, the drainage channel is kept unobstructed under any working conditions, improving the system's adaptability and reliability.
Claims
1. A city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge city, comprising a road body (1), characterized in that: The road body (1) is provided with a rainwater inspection well (2) in the middle, a foundation cushion layer (101), a thick graded crushed stone layer (102), a geotextile filter layer (103), a thick sand layer (104), a thick planting soil layer (105), and a permeable layer (106). The foundation cushion layer (101) is topped with a thick graded crushed stone layer (102), the thick graded crushed stone layer (102) is topped with a geotextile filter layer (103), the geotextile filter layer (103) is topped with a thick sand layer (104), the thick sand layer (104) is topped with a thick planting soil layer (105), the thick planting soil layer (105) is topped with a permeable layer (106), and a crushed stone blind ditch (3) is buried in the thick graded crushed stone layer (102).
2. The urban road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gravel blind drain (3) and the rainwater inspection well (2) are connected by a diversion pipe (4) to a sidewalk area of the road body (1). A permeable pavement structure (5) is provided. The permeable pavement structure (5) includes a permeable surface layer (501), a leveling sand filter layer (502) and a permeable base layer (503). The bottom of the permeable surface layer (501) is covered with a leveling sand filter layer (502), and the bottom of the leveling sand filter layer (502) is covered with a permeable base layer (503).
3. The urban road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 2, characterized in that: A flow guide pipe (6) is provided below the permeable base layer (503), and a permeable groove (7) is provided on the top surface of the flow guide pipe (6). The flow guide pipe (6) is connected to the gravel blind ditch (3).
4. A city road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 2, characterized in that: The rainwater inspection well (2) includes a well shaft (201), a well cover (202), an activated carbon adsorption plate (203), and a fall protection net (204). The well shaft (201) is provided with a well cover (202) at the top, and an activated carbon adsorption plate (203) is provided at the bottom of the well cover (202). A fall protection net (204) is provided on the side of the activated carbon adsorption plate (203) away from the well cover (202).
5. A city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge cities according to claim 4, characterized in that: The bottom two sides of the rainwater inspection well (2) are connected to the rainwater pipe network (8). The bottom two sides of the anti-fall net (204) are provided with fixed pull rings (9). The bottom of the fixed pull ring (9) is connected to the pull rope (10). The end of the pull rope (10) away from the fixed pull ring (9) is connected to the filter bucket (11). The filter bucket (11) is located at the bottom of the rainwater inspection well (2), and a circular groove (12) is provided on the side of the filter bucket (11) near the inlet of the rainwater pipe network (8).
6. A city road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 2, characterized in that: A liquid level sensor (13) is installed in the gravel blind ditch (3). A filter screen mechanism (14) is installed at the connection between the gravel blind ditch (3) and the guide pipe (4). The filter screen mechanism (14) includes a connecting frame (15), filter strips (16), movable groove (17), extension plate (18), spring (19) and inclined surface (20). Filter strips (16) are arranged on the inner wall of the connecting frame (15). Multiple sets of filter strips (16) are combined to form a filter structure. Movable groove (17) is provided on one side of the filter strips (16).
7. A city road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 6, characterized in that: An extension plate (18) is embedded in the inner cavity of the movable groove (17). One end of the extension plate (18) extends to the outside of the movable groove (17). The extension plate (18) is slidably connected to the movable groove (17). Springs (19) are arranged and connected to the inner wall of the movable groove (17). One end of the spring (19) away from the inner wall of the movable groove (17) is connected to the extension plate (18). An inclined surface (20) is provided on the side surface of the extension plate (18) away from the spring (19).
8. A city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge city according to claim 1, characterized in that: A waterproof and seepage-proof layer (21) is also laid between the thick graded crushed stone layer (102) and the base cushion layer (101), and the edge of the waterproof and seepage-proof layer (21) extends upward.
9. A city road drainage system based on the sponge city concept according to claim 8, characterized in that: The thick-graded crushed stone layer (102) is a water storage layer, and the thick-graded crushed stone layer (102) is laid with scattered river pebbles.
10. A city road drainage system based on the concept of sponge cities according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top surface of the permeable base layer (503) of the permeable pavement structure (5) is provided with a transverse slope, and the slope direction is towards the direction of the gravel blind ditch (3).