Formwork for deformation joint between double concrete beams and supporting structure of formwork

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cast-in-place concrete construction of constructional engineering, in particular to a deformation joint formwork between concrete double beams and a supporting structure of the formwork. The deformation joint formwork is formed by hermetically and slidably connecting a first spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate, a second spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate, a first sliding side fence and a second sliding side fence, a main body with a spacing regulation and control space is defined, and a spacing control system is arranged in the spacing regulation and control space; the matched supporting structure comprises a supporting rod, a positioning and clamping mechanism and a connecting mechanism, and the deformation joint formwork can be stably fixed between double-beam to-be-poured areas. The distance control system can regulate and control the thickness of the formwork in the early strength increasing stage after initial setting and before final setting of double-beam concrete, so that a demolding gap is formed between the formwork and a beam body. Rapid and smooth demolding of the formwork can be achieved, damage to corners of a beam body and scrapping of the formwork are avoided, a large amount of demolding agent does not need to be brushed, the deformation joint forming quality is guaranteed, the construction efficiency is improved, the formwork turnover life is prolonged, and the construction comprehensive cost is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cast-in-place concrete construction technology, specifically a formwork and supporting structure for expansion joints between concrete double beams. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of cast-in-place concrete structures, the formation of expansion joints between double beams is a crucial step in ensuring the structural performance and deformation adaptability. During construction, specialized expansion joint templates, in conjunction with supporting structures, are used for positioning and fixation before the concrete pouring of the double beams. Once the concrete reaches the required strength, the templates are removed. Currently, expansion joint templates used in double-beam construction often employ a supporting structure consisting of support rods, positioning and clamping mechanisms, and connecting mechanisms for positioning and installation. The supporting structure is fixed to the bottom or side templates of the beam to be poured via the positioning and clamping mechanisms, and then detachably fixed to the expansion joint template via the connecting mechanisms. This ensures the verticality, centering accuracy, and structural rigidity of the expansion joint template during concrete pouring. The structural design, ease of demolding, controllability, and reusability of the expansion joint template directly affect the forming quality of the expansion joint, the structural integrity of the concrete beam, on-site construction efficiency, and overall project cost.

[0003] Existing formwork for expansion joints between concrete double beams is mostly a fixed, integral structure. The thickness of the formwork cannot be dynamically adjusted according to the construction progress. From the completion of concrete pouring to the demolding stage, the formwork surface remains in close contact with the concrete beam for a long time, which easily leads to the formwork and concrete sticking together. This not only greatly increases the difficulty of subsequent demolding operations, but also easily causes damage to the beam corners and deformation of the formwork during demolding. At the same time, in order to reduce the difficulty of demolding, a large amount of release agent needs to be applied to the surface of the formwork, which increases construction costs and is also prone to affecting the long-term durability of the structure due to the release agent contaminating the concrete. Therefore, in view of the above situation, there is an urgent need to develop a formwork and its supporting structure for expansion joints between concrete double beams to overcome the shortcomings in current practical applications. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a formwork template and its supporting structure for expansion joints between concrete double beams, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A formwork for expansion joints between two concrete beams, including expansion joint formwork;

[0007] The expansion joint template is composed of a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two. The sides of the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two are respectively provided with sliding side enclosure one and sliding side enclosure two. The spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two are connected in a sealed sliding connection through the sliding side enclosure one and the sliding side enclosure two.

[0008] The spacing adjustment opening and closing plate one, the spacing adjustment opening and closing plate two, the sliding side enclosure one and the sliding side enclosure two enclose a spacing control space, and a spacing control system is provided in the spacing control space.

[0009] The spacing control system is used to adjust the thickness of the expansion joint template during the early strength growth stage after the initial setting and before the final setting of the double beam concrete, based on the construction environment conditions and the properties of the concrete, so as to form a gap between the expansion joint template and the double beam, thereby enabling rapid demolding.

[0010] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes: a detection controller, which is fixedly installed on the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate and is signal-connected to the spacing control system.

[0011] As a further aspect of the present invention: the spacing control system includes:

[0012] An adjustment state control chamber is located within the spacing adjustment space and is connected to the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates respectively via multiple pull-back adjustment springs.

[0013] The limit adjustment baffle assembly consists of two sets.

[0014] Among them, the two sets of limit adjustment baffles are fixedly connected to the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates, respectively, and are located on both sides of the adjustment state control chamber.

[0015] And a spacing adjustment component, which is connected to the adjustment state control chamber and is detachably connected to the limit adjustment baffle group;

[0016] The spacing adjustment component is used to adjust the spacing between the first spacing adjustment opening and closing plate and the second spacing adjustment opening and closing plate.

[0017] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes: a support groove, the support groove being formed on the adjustment state control chamber, and the number of the support grooves being equal to the number of the pull-back adjustment springs;

[0018] The pullback adjusting spring is located within the support groove.

[0019] As a further aspect of the present invention: the spacing adjustment component includes:

[0020] The telescopic control chamber is a plurality of such chambers, which are evenly distributed within the adjustment state control chamber.

[0021] Each of the telescopic control chambers has a telescopic rod slidably installed at both ends;

[0022] Each of the telescopic rods is provided with a state control notch, and the depth of the notch on the multiple state control notches is different;

[0023] And an asynchronous drive unit, which is located in the telescopic control chamber and connected to the telescopic rod, for driving the telescopic rod to perform telescopic movement.

[0024] As a further aspect of the present invention: the asynchronous drive unit includes:

[0025] A sliding chamber is provided in the telescopic control chamber, wherein each telescopic control chamber is provided with two sliding chambers, and a limiting protrusion is provided between the two sliding chambers;

[0026] A limiting slider is slidably installed inside the sliding chamber and fixedly connected to the telescopic rod;

[0027] A telescopic opening is provided at the end of the telescopic control chamber and is connected to the sliding chamber. A limit protrusion is provided at the telescopic opening.

[0028] And a power component, which is connected to the limiting slider, and the power component is used to push the limiting slider to move between the limiting protrusion one and the limiting protrusion two.

[0029] As a further aspect of the present invention: each of the telescopic rods is provided with a smooth initial placement part, and when the maximum distance between the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates is reached, the limit adjustment baffle group contacts the smooth initial placement part.

[0030] As a further embodiment of the present invention: sliding support compartments are provided on both sides of the adjustment state control compartment, and a sliding seat is fixedly installed in the sliding support compartment, and the sliding seat is slidably connected to the telescopic rod.

[0031] As a further aspect of the present invention, it also includes: a pressure detector, which is fixedly installed on the state control gap;

[0032] And a cover plate, which is detachably mounted on the adjustment state control chamber.

[0033] A support structure for supporting the above-mentioned concrete double beam expansion joint formwork includes at least two support rods arranged parallel to the axial direction of the beam to be poured, a positioning and clamping mechanism disposed at both ends of each support rod, and a connecting mechanism.

[0034] The positioning and clamping mechanism can clamp and fix the edge of the bottom template or side template of the beam to be poured, and the connecting mechanism is used to detachably and fix the expansion joint template to the support rod.

[0035] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] By using the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate one and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate two in conjunction with the sliding side enclosure one and the sliding side enclosure two, an adjustable template body is formed. With the help of the spacing control system, the overall thickness of the expansion joint template can be precisely controlled in the early strength growth stage after the initial setting of the double beam concrete and before the final setting. This creates a uniform demolding gap between the template surface and the concrete beam in the initial setting state, effectively preventing the template from sticking and biting into the concrete. This solves the core problems of traditional template demolding difficulties, beam corner damage, and easy deformation and scrapping of the template.

[0037] The detection controller can accurately predict the initial setting time and determine the timing and amount of adjustment by combining parameters such as concrete setting state, construction environment temperature and humidity, concrete grade and mix ratio. The accuracy of the adjustment action is ensured by the dual judgment of time and mechanical properties. At the same time, the coordinated cooperation of the pull-back adjustment spring, the limit adjustment baffle group and the spacing control component can ensure that the two spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates remain parallel during the adjustment process, ensuring that the forming width of the expansion joint is uniform and consistent throughout the entire height range, and the deviation is controlled within the allowable range of the specification.

[0038] This formwork system achieves smooth demolding without the need for extensive application of release agent to the slab surface. This reduces material and labor costs associated with release agent and avoids the problem of release agent seeping into and contaminating the concrete, thus affecting structural durability. Furthermore, the core components of both the formwork body and the supporting structure can be reused, further reducing construction costs.

[0039] The template adopts a sealed sliding structure, which can prevent cement slurry from seeping into the spacing control space during concrete pouring and causing component jamming. The adjustment state control chamber is equipped with a removable sealing cover, which facilitates daily inspection and maintenance of core components such as internal spacing control components and power components. At the same time, the telescopic rod is equipped with a double-support sliding support structure, which can effectively resist vibration and radial load during construction, ensure long-term stable operation of components, and greatly improve the turnover and reuse life of the template.

[0040] The supporting structure can be quickly fixed to the bottom formwork or side formwork edge of the beam to be poured through the positioning and clamping mechanism. It can be quickly and detachably connected to the expansion joint formwork through the connecting mechanism. The installation and positioning are convenient, and the demolding operation can be carried out step by step in an orderly manner, which greatly improves the on-site construction efficiency and is suitable for the construction needs of double beam expansion joints of different specifications. Attached Figure Description

[0041] Figure 1 This is a partial structural diagram of the expansion joint template in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spacing adjustment space in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the state control chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 4 This is a top view of the spacing adjustment space in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the second spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the state control gap in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 7 This is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of the state control chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the sliding support clamp in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the telescopic control chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the distribution of power components in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the telescopic control chamber in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] In the diagram: 1-Expansion joint template, 2-Spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate one, 3-Detection controller, 4-Spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate two, 5-Sliding side enclosure one, 6-Sliding side enclosure two, 7-Spacing adjustment space, 8-Adjustment state control chamber, 9-Limit adjustment baffle group, 10-Cover plate, 11-Sliding support clamp, 12-Telescopic rod, 13-Slide seat, 14-Retracting adjustment spring, 15-State control notch, 16-Pressure detector, 17-Smooth initial placement part, 18-Support groove, 19-Telescopic control chamber, 20-Telescopic opening, 21-Sliding chamber, 22-Limit slider, 23-Limit protrusion one, 24-Limit protrusion two, 25-Power component. Detailed Implementation

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0054] The specific implementation of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-11 The present invention provides a concrete double beam expansion joint template 1, which includes a support structure for fixing the expansion joint template 1 between the double beams.

[0056] The expansion joint template 1 is composed of a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 1 2 and a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 2 4. The sides of the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 2 4 are respectively provided with a sliding side enclosure 1 5 and a sliding side enclosure 2 6. The spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate 2 4 are connected in a sealed sliding connection through the sliding side enclosure 1 5 and the sliding side enclosure 2 6.

[0057] Among them, the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 1 2, the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 4, the sliding side enclosure 1 5 and the sliding side enclosure 2 6 enclose and form a spacing control space 7, and a spacing control system is provided in the spacing control space 7.

[0058] The spacing control system is used to adjust the thickness of the expansion joint template 1 during the early strength growth stage after the initial setting and before the final setting of the double beam concrete, according to the construction environment conditions and the properties of the concrete, so as to form a gap between the expansion joint template 1 and the double beam, thereby achieving rapid demolding in the future.

[0059] Please see Figure 1It also includes: a detection controller 3, which is fixedly installed on the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 and is connected to the spacing control system signal.

[0060] Before pouring concrete for the double-beam expansion joint, the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 1 (2) and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 (4) are first assembled by sliding side enclosure 1 (5) and sliding side enclosure 2 (6) to form an integral expansion joint template body. The sliding side enclosure 2 (6) can adopt a U-shaped groove sealing structure that matches the side of the sliding side enclosure 1 (5). The inner groove wall of the U-shaped groove sealing structure is embedded with a continuous EPDM rubber sealing strip. The sealing strip is interference-fitted with the side of the sliding side enclosure 1 (5) with an interference amount of 0.3mm-0.5mm. This ensures full-height sealing during sliding, completely preventing cement slurry from seeping into the spacing adjustment space, and controlling the sliding friction resistance within a reasonable range. The fit gap between the U-shaped groove and the side of the sliding side enclosure 1 (5) is controlled at 0.1mm-0.2mm. The length of the groove is completely consistent with the design height of the sliding side enclosure 1 (5), ensuring sliding guidance accuracy and sealing reliability throughout the entire height range. This ensures the overall airtightness of the spacing adjustment space 7, preventing cement slurry from seeping into the spacing adjustment space 7 during concrete pouring and causing component jamming, while also providing precise sliding guidance for adjusting the spacing of the opening and closing plates.

[0061] After assembly, the expansion joint template 1 is positioned and fixed in the design position of the double beam area to be poured using the matching support structure, ensuring that the verticality and centering accuracy of the template meet the relevant requirements of the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structures" GB50204, and then the double beam concrete pouring operation is carried out.

[0062] After the concrete is poured, the plasticity of the concrete is still within the controllable range until the initial setting stage. At this time, the detection controller 3 can receive real-time data from the concrete setting state sensor and the formwork side pressure sensor deployed on site. It can also access parameters such as temperature and humidity of the on-site construction environment, concrete mix ratio and grade.

[0063] The concrete initial setting time prediction algorithm and adjustment calculation model are as follows: The detection controller pre-stores the benchmark values ​​of concrete initial setting time under the corresponding cement type, admixture type, and water-cement ratio parameters in the "Specification for Mix Proportion Design of Ordinary Concrete" JGJ55 and "Code for Construction of Concrete Structures" GB50666. At the same time, the benchmark values ​​are corrected based on real-time ambient temperature and humidity data. The correction formula adopts a piecewise nonlinear model, as detailed below:

[0064] (1) Normal temperature range (5℃≤T) 环 ≤35℃): A linear correction formula is used:

[0065] T 修 =T 基×(1+0.03×(20-T 环 ));

[0066] Among them, T 修 T is the revised initial setting time prediction. 基 T is the baseline initial setting time. 环 Real-time ambient temperature at the site (unit: °C);

[0067] (2) Low temperature section (0℃≤T 环 <5℃): Using the exponential correction formula:

[0068] T 修 =T 基 ×e^(0.06×(20-T 环 ));

[0069] This formula is derived based on the Arrhenius hydration reaction kinetic equation and is applicable to natural low-temperature environments where no winter construction heating and curing measures are taken.

[0070] (3) High temperature range (T) 环 >35℃): Logarithmic correction formula is used:

[0071] T 修 =T 基 ×(1-0.015×ln(T 环 -20));

[0072] This formula was developed with reference to the "Technical Specification for Construction of Concrete in High-Temperature Environments" JGJ / T388-2016;

[0073] (4) T 环 <0℃ Condition: At this temperature, winter construction measures (such as heating and curing, adding antifreeze) are required for the concrete. The monitoring controller will calculate based on the actual curing temperature and admixture dosage, calling the corresponding baseline value. When T... 环 When the temperature is above 45℃, cooling measures should be taken before pouring concrete.

[0074] The detection controller uses the corrected initial setting prediction time as a benchmark and sets the adjustment action preparation time point 15-30 minutes in advance. At the same time, it connects to the real-time data of the template side pressure sensor. When the side pressure drops to 30%-40% of the peak side pressure during the pouring process, it determines that the concrete has entered the initial setting plasticity control range and officially triggers the adjustment action. The accuracy of the adjustment timing is ensured by the dual judgment of time and mechanical properties, avoiding premature adjustment that leads to concrete deformation and delayed adjustment that prevents the demolding gap from forming.

[0075] The calculation model for the template thickness retraction adjustment is: Δh = Δs × k, where Δh is the required retraction adjustment on one side of the template, Δs is the design demolding gap on one side (the conventional value range is 2mm-5mm, which can be adjusted according to the concrete grade and template height), and k is the adjustment safety factor (the value is 1.1-1.3, and the higher the concrete grade and the lower the ambient temperature, the greater the safety factor). The overall template thickness adjustment is the sum of the retraction adjustment on both sides, and the difference between the initial maximum thickness of the template and the minimum thickness after adjustment shall not exceed 10% of the design expansion joint width, ensuring that the deviation of the expansion joint forming width is controlled within the allowable range of ±3mm in the "Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Concrete Structures" GB50204.

[0076] Based on the common concrete initial setting time prediction algorithm in the construction field, precise control commands are sent to the spacing control system to achieve dynamic and precise control of the thickness of the expansion joint formwork 1. This enables a uniform demolding gap to be formed between the formwork surface and the concrete beam in the initial setting state. This completely solves the industry pain points in the existing technology, such as difficulty in demolding caused by the bonding and interlocking of the expansion joint formwork and the concrete, damage to the edges and corners of the beam, and deformation and scrapping of the formwork. At the same time, there is no need to apply a large amount of release agent to the formwork surface, which reduces construction costs and avoids the problem of release agent contaminating the concrete and affecting the structural durability.

[0077] The detection controller 3 uses an STM32 series embedded microcontroller as the core control unit, and is equipped with a touch screen, data storage module and wireless communication module. It can interact with the BIM management system and intelligent monitoring terminal at the construction site to realize remote control and full-process monitoring of construction status, ensuring the operability and intelligence level of the solution.

[0078] In addition, in this embodiment, the support structure used to support the expansion joint formwork 1 between the above-mentioned concrete double beams is a conventional expansion joint formwork 1 support structure in the field of cast-in-place concrete construction. The support structure includes at least two support rods arranged parallel to the axis of the beam to be poured. Both ends of the support rods are provided with positioning and clamping components for fixing and clamping the bottom formwork or side formwork edge of the beam to be poured. The expansion joint formwork 1 and the support rods are fixedly connected by detachable connecting components.

[0079] The support rod is made of steel pipe or square steel rod with sufficient bending strength, which is common in this field. The positioning and clamping components are common clamps such as adjustable C-clamps and quick clamps, which are common in this field. The detachable connecting components are standard detachable connecting parts such as bolted connections, matching angle steel connecting plates, buckles or pins, which are common in this field.

[0080] During on-site construction, the support rod is first symmetrically fixed to the design position of the bottom formwork or side formwork of the double beam to be poured using the positioning clamping components at both ends. Then, the corresponding edge of the aforementioned expansion joint formwork 1 is firmly connected to the support rod using the detachable connecting components, thus completing the positioning and support of the expansion joint formwork 1 and ensuring that the expansion joint formwork 1 maintains the designed centered position and verticality during concrete pouring. After the poured concrete reaches the demolding strength required by the specifications, the detachable connecting components and the positioning clamping components are released in sequence, and the support structure and expansion joint formwork 1 can be removed separately. The components of the support structure can be reused after cleaning.

[0081] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 The spacing control system includes:

[0082] The adjustment state control chamber 8 is located within the spacing adjustment space 7 and is connected to the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 4 respectively through multiple pull-back adjustment springs 14.

[0083] Limit adjustment baffle group 9, the number of which is two groups;

[0084] Among them, the two sets of limit adjustment baffle groups 9 are fixedly connected to the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate one 2 and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate two 4 respectively, and are located on both sides of the adjustment state control chamber 8.

[0085] And a spacing adjustment component, which is connected to the adjustment state control chamber 8 and is detachably connected to the limit adjustment baffle group 9;

[0086] The spacing adjustment component is used to adjust the spacing between the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 4.

[0087] It also includes: a support groove 18, which is formed on the adjustment state control chamber 8, and the number of the support grooves 18 is equal to the number of the pull-back adjustment springs 14;

[0088] The pullback adjusting spring 14 is located within the support groove 18.

[0089] Both the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates can be cold-rolled from Q355B low-alloy high-strength structural steel, with a plate thickness of 4mm-8mm. After shot blasting and rust removal, the plate surface is coated with an epoxy resin release protective layer with a coating thickness of not less than 80μm. It has sufficient structural rigidity, deformation resistance and anti-adhesion performance, and is suitable for the long-term turnover use requirements of cast-in-place concrete construction in building engineering.

[0090] The adjustment control chamber 8, serving as the mounting base for the spacing adjustment component, is centrally located within the spacing adjustment space 7. Its two sides are elastically connected to the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening / closing plates 2 and 4 respectively, via multiple sets of pull-back adjusting springs 14 evenly arranged along the template height direction. One end of the pull-back adjusting spring 14 is welded to the inner wall of the opening / closing plate via a spring fixing seat, while the other end is limited and installed within a corresponding support groove 18 on the surface of the adjustment control chamber 8 (or two sleeves can be used in a telescopic manner to fit onto the pull-back adjusting spring 14, providing more stable support for the adjustment control chamber 8). (Without going into too much detail), the pull-back adjusting spring 14 is made of 60Si2Mn spring steel, with a spring stiffness range of 5N / mm-15N / mm. The preload of a single spring is not less than 100N, and the sum of the total preload of all springs is greater than the maximum adhesion force between the formwork and the concrete during the initial setting stage of the concrete, ensuring that the spring can smoothly pull the opening and closing plate to complete the retraction action. Multiple sets of pull-back adjusting springs 14 are symmetrically arranged at equal intervals along the height direction of the formwork, and the spacing between two adjacent sets of springs is not greater than 500mm, ensuring that the tension is evenly distributed throughout the entire height range of the opening and closing plate, and avoiding skewing and jamming during the retraction of the opening and closing plate. The support groove 18 adopts a cylindrical sink structure that matches the outer diameter of the pull-back adjusting spring 14. The bottom of the groove can be integrally formed with a spring positioning post of a certain length, which can provide radial and axial double limit for the pull-back adjusting spring 14, preventing the spring from bending radially or moving axially during the extension and retraction process. This ensures that the direction of the spring tension is always coaxial with the direction of the opening and closing plate spacing adjustment, effectively resisting the high-frequency vibration load generated by the vibration operation during concrete pouring, and preventing the component from loosening and failing.

[0091] Two sets of limit adjustment baffles 9 are fixed to the inner walls of the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates 2 and 4 respectively, and are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the adjustment state control chamber 8. One end of the limit adjustment baffle 9 is fastened to the inner wall of the opening and closing plate by high-strength bolts, and the other end forms a separable push-fit with the telescopic end of the spacing control component. When the spacing control component extends outward, its telescopic end cooperates with the limit adjustment baffle 9 on the corresponding side to limit the maximum retraction distance between the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates 2 and 4. Under the pulling action of the pull adjustment spring 14, a precise demolding gap can be formed between the expansion joint template 1 and the concrete during the initial setting stage of the concrete. Meanwhile, the telescopic ends of the spacing adjustment components at other non-limiting points retract inward, completely disengaging from the limit adjustment baffle group 9. This prevents the pull-back adjustment spring 14 from pulling the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 4 inward to move smoothly, ultimately achieving a precise reduction in the overall thickness of the template. Through the coordinated action of rigid limiting and elastic retraction, unidirectional precise retraction control of the template spacing is achieved. At the same time, the structure of multiple symmetrically arranged pull-back adjustment springs 14 and limit adjustment baffle group 9 ensures that the opening and closing plates remain parallel during adjustment, avoiding problems such as unilateral tilting and sliding jamming. This ensures that the forming width of the expansion joint is uniform throughout the entire height range, meeting design and specification requirements.

[0092] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 The spacing adjustment component includes:

[0093] The telescopic control chamber 19 is a plurality of such telescopic control chambers 19, which are evenly distributed within the adjustment state control chamber 8.

[0094] Each of the telescopic control chambers 19 has a telescopic rod 12 slidably installed at both ends;

[0095] Each of the telescopic rods 12 is provided with a state control notch 15, and the depth of the notch on the multiple state control notches 15 is different.

[0096] And an asynchronous drive unit, which is located in the telescopic control chamber 19 and connected to the telescopic rod 12, for driving the telescopic rod 12 to perform telescopic movement.

[0097] The asynchronous drive unit includes:

[0098] Sliding chamber 21, the sliding chamber 21 is opened in the telescopic control chamber 19, wherein each telescopic control chamber 19 is provided with two sliding chambers 21, and a limit protrusion 23 is provided between the two sliding chambers 21;

[0099] A limiting slider 22 is slidably installed in the sliding chamber 21 and fixedly connected to the telescopic rod 12.

[0100] Telescopic opening 20, the telescopic opening 20 is opened at the end of the telescopic control chamber 19 and communicates with the sliding chamber 21, and the telescopic opening 20 is provided with a limit protrusion 24;

[0101] And a power component 25, which is connected to the limiting slider 22, and the power component 25 is used to push the limiting slider 22 to move between the limiting protrusion 1 23 and the limiting protrusion 24.

[0102] The telescopic control chambers 19 are evenly distributed at equal intervals along the height direction of the adjustment state control chamber 8. Each telescopic control chamber 19 is equipped with two independent telescopic drive units, which drive the telescopic rods 12 on both sides to perform independent telescopic movements, enabling independent adjustment and multi-point synchronous control of the opening and closing plates on the left and right sides of the template. Each telescopic control chamber 19 has two coaxial sliding chambers 21 symmetrically arranged inside. The two sliding chambers 21 are separated by an integrally formed limiting protrusion 1 23. A limiting slider 22 is slidably installed inside the sliding chamber 21. The limiting slider 22 is integrally formed and connected to the inner end of the telescopic rod 12. Both ends of the telescopic control chamber 19 have telescopic openings 20 that are coaxially connected to the sliding chambers 21. The inner end of the telescopic opening 20 is integrally formed with a limiting protrusion 24. The limiting protrusion 1 23 and the limiting protrusion 24 together constitute the sliding stroke limiting structure of the limiting slider 22, which can accurately limit the telescopic stroke of the telescopic rod 12 within the design range, preventing the telescopic rod 12 from overextending and causing the component to fall off and fail.

[0103] The power component 25 can be an electromagnet. By switching the current on and off and changing the direction of the current in the electromagnet, the magnetic attraction direction can be changed, thereby realizing the extension and retraction of the telescopic rod 12. Alternatively, it can be a miniature electric push rod, hydraulic push rod, or pneumatic push rod commonly used in the construction industry. Its cylinder end is fixed to the inner end of the sliding chamber 21, and the push rod end is fastened to the limiting slider 22 by bolts. It can push the limiting slider 22 to slide smoothly along the axial direction in the sliding chamber 21, thereby driving the telescopic rod 12 to extend or retract along the telescopic opening 20. Each telescopic rod Two symmetrically arranged state adjustment notches 15 are opened on the rod body of 12. The depth of the state adjustment notches 15 on different telescopic rods 12 is different, which corresponds to different push stroke positions. (At the same time, since the state adjustment notch 15 moves quickly to the limit adjustment baffle group 9, the pulling action of the pull adjustment spring 14 can make the spacing fine adjustment opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine adjustment opening and closing plate 2 4 move quickly instead of slowly, so as to avoid the situation of "squeezing while yielding" and the adhesion of cement slurry to the template surface).

[0104] The specific control logic of the asynchronous drive unit is as follows: the detection controller matches the telescopic rod 12 corresponding to the notch depth according to the calculated retraction adjustment amount required by the expansion joint template 1, and controls the power component 25 at the corresponding point to drive the telescopic rod 12 to extend, so that the horizontal plate of the limit adjustment baffle group 9 is precisely inserted into the state control notch 15 at the corresponding depth, and completes the limit of the maximum retraction distance at that point; the power component 25 at other non-limit points drives the telescopic rod 12 to retract into the telescopic control chamber 19, completely detaching from the contact with the limit adjustment baffle group 9, without any retraction obstruction;

[0105] When the power component 25 adopts an electromagnet structure, the magnetic attraction stroke of the electromagnet is consistent with the designed extension stroke of the telescopic rod 12, and the rated thrust is not less than 200N. The detection controller controls the current on and off and the current magnitude of the electromagnet through PWM pulse signals to achieve precise control of the extension stroke of the telescopic rod 12. When the power component 25 adopts a miniature electric push rod, the stroke control accuracy of the electric push rod is not less than ±0.1mm, and the rated thrust is not less than 300N. The extension position of the telescopic rod 12 is fed back in real time through the built-in stroke encoder, forming a closed-loop control with the detection controller.

[0106] When the telescopic rod 12 extends, the state control notches 15 at different depths can form different pushing strokes with the limit adjustment baffle group 9. According to the input parameters (cement type, admixture type, water-cement ratio, and ambient temperature, etc.), it can be ensured that the template can form a uniform demolding gap. At the same time, a stroke detection sensor can be installed in the state control notch 15 to collect the telescopic stroke data of the telescopic rod 12 in real time and feed it back to the detection controller 3 to form a closed-loop control, further improving the adjustment accuracy and ensuring that the forming size of the expansion joint meets the design and specification requirements.

[0107] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figures 1-11 Each of the telescopic rods 12 is provided with a smooth initial placement part 17. When the maximum distance is between the first spacing adjustment opening and closing plate 2 and the second spacing adjustment opening and closing plate 4, the limit adjustment baffle group 9 contacts the smooth initial placement part 17.

[0108] The two sides of the adjustment state control chamber 8 are also provided with sliding support clamping chambers 11, and a slide block 13 is fixedly installed in the sliding support clamping chamber 11. The slide block 13 is slidably connected to the telescopic rod 12.

[0109] It also includes: a pressure detector 16, which is fixedly installed on the state control notch 15;

[0110] And a cover plate 10, which is detachably mounted on the adjustment state control chamber 8.

[0111] When the expansion joint template 1 is in its initial installation state and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 1 2 and the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate 2 4 reach the maximum design spacing, the end of the limit adjustment baffle group 9 contacts the smooth initial placement part 17 on the telescopic rod 12. The smooth initial placement part 17 adopts a cylindrical surface structure with a surface polishing treatment and its surface roughness is no greater than Ra1.6μm. This ensures that the limit adjustment baffle group 9 and the telescopic rod 12 have a low-friction sliding contact during the initial stage of template installation, avoiding installation jamming. At the same time, it provides a unified benchmark for the initial positioning of the telescopic rod 12, ensuring that the initial installation positions of each group of telescopic rods 12 are consistent and ensuring the uniformity of the initial thickness of the template (at this time, the expansion joint template 1 is at its maximum thickness).

[0112] On both sides of the adjustment control chamber 8, corresponding to the position of each telescopic rod 12, a sliding support clamp 11 is integrally formed. A slide seat 13 is installed in the sliding support clamp 11 by bolts. The slide seat 13 is made of self-lubricating polytetrafluoroethylene material or copper-based oil-impregnated bearing material. The telescopic rod 12 passes through the inner hole of the slide seat 13 to form a high-precision sliding fit. The slide seat 13 can provide radial sliding support for the telescopic rod 12 with two fulcrums. It forms a stable two-point support structure with the sliding fit at the telescopic port 20, which greatly improves the bending load capacity of the telescopic rod 12. It can effectively resist the radial load transmitted by the side pressure of concrete, avoid the telescopic rod 12 from bending deformation and jamming failure during the telescopic process, and ensure the smoothness and long-term stability of the telescopic movement.

[0113] A pressure detector 16 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the state control gap 15. The pressure detector 16 adopts a miniature piezoresistive pressure sensor, which can collect the contact pressure data during the process of the telescopic rod 12 pushing the limit adjustment baffle group 9 in real time, and transmit the data to the detection controller 3 in real time. The contact state between the expansion joint template 1 and the concrete can be accurately judged through the pressure data, ensuring that the demolding gap is fully formed and greatly improving the reliability of the demolding operation.

[0114] The top of the regulating control chamber 8 is provided with an inspection opening. The cover plate 10 is detachably installed at the inspection opening using hexagonal bolts. The mating surface between the cover plate 10 and the inspection opening is provided with an aging-resistant nitrile rubber sealing gasket, which can ensure the overall sealing of the spacing adjustment space 7 and prevent cement slurry, dust and other impurities from entering the regulating control chamber 8 and causing component contamination or jamming. At the same time, the detachable cover plate 10 structure allows construction personnel to easily carry out daily inspection, maintenance and replacement of components such as the power component 25, pressure detector 16, and telescopic rod 12 inside the control chamber, which greatly improves the turnover service life of the template and can adapt to the harsh working environment of dusty and humid construction sites, further improving the engineering practicality and economy of this solution.

[0115] It should be noted that, in this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "sliding," "rotating," "fixed," and "equipped" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to welded connections, bolted connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0116] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A formwork for an expansion joint between two concrete beams, comprising an expansion joint formwork, characterized in that: The expansion joint template is composed of a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and a spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two. The sides of the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two are respectively provided with sliding side enclosure one and sliding side enclosure two. The spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate one and the spacing fine-adjustment opening and closing plate two are connected in a sealed sliding connection through the sliding side enclosure one and the sliding side enclosure two. The spacing adjustment opening and closing plate one, the spacing adjustment opening and closing plate two, the sliding side enclosure one and the sliding side enclosure two enclose a spacing control space, and a spacing control system is provided in the spacing control space. The spacing control system is used to adjust the thickness of the expansion joint template during the early strength growth stage after the initial setting and before the final setting of the double beam concrete, based on the construction environment conditions and the properties of the concrete, so as to form a gap between the expansion joint template and the double beam, thereby enabling rapid demolding.

2. The formwork for the expansion joint between concrete double beams according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A detection controller is fixedly installed on the spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plate and is connected to the spacing control system.

3. The formwork for the expansion joint between concrete double beams according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing control system includes: An adjustment state control chamber is located within the spacing adjustment space and is connected to the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates respectively via multiple pull-back adjustment springs. The limit adjustment baffle assembly consists of two sets. Among them, the two sets of limit adjustment baffles are fixedly connected to the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates, respectively, and are located on both sides of the adjustment state control chamber. And a spacing adjustment component, which is connected to the adjustment state control chamber and is detachably connected to the limit adjustment baffle group; The spacing adjustment component is used to adjust the spacing between the first spacing adjustment opening and closing plate and the second spacing adjustment opening and closing plate.

4. The formwork for the expansion joint between concrete double beams according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: Support grooves are formed on the adjustment state control chamber, and the number of support grooves is equal to the number of pull-back adjustment springs; The pullback adjusting spring is located within the support groove.

5. The formwork for expansion joints between concrete double beams according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The spacing adjustment component includes: The telescopic control chamber is a plurality of such chambers, which are evenly distributed within the adjustment state control chamber. Each of the telescopic control chambers has a telescopic rod slidably installed at both ends; Each of the telescopic rods is provided with a state control notch, and the depth of the notch on the multiple state control notches is different; And an asynchronous drive unit, which is located in the telescopic control chamber and connected to the telescopic rod, for driving the telescopic rod to perform telescopic movement.

6. The formwork for the expansion joint between two concrete beams according to claim 5, characterized in that, The asynchronous drive unit includes: A sliding chamber is provided in the telescopic control chamber, wherein each telescopic control chamber is provided with two sliding chambers, and a limiting protrusion is provided between the two sliding chambers; A limiting slider is slidably installed inside the sliding chamber and fixedly connected to the telescopic rod; A telescopic opening is provided at the end of the telescopic control chamber and is connected to the sliding chamber. A limit protrusion is provided at the telescopic opening. And a power component, which is connected to the limiting slider, and the power component is used to push the limiting slider to move between the limiting protrusion one and the limiting protrusion two.

7. The formwork for the expansion joint between two concrete beams according to claim 5, characterized in that, Each of the telescopic rods is provided with a smooth initial placement part. When the maximum distance between the first and second spacing fine-tuning opening and closing plates is reached, the limit adjustment baffle group contacts the smooth initial placement part.

8. The formwork for the expansion joint between concrete double beams according to claim 7, characterized in that, The adjustment state control chamber is also provided with sliding support compartments on both sides. A sliding base is fixedly installed in the sliding support compartment, and the sliding base is slidably connected to the telescopic rod.

9. The formwork for the expansion joint between two concrete beams according to claim 7, characterized in that, Also includes: A pressure detector, which is fixedly installed on the state control gap; And a cover plate, which is detachably mounted on the adjustment state control chamber.

10. A support structure for supporting the formwork for the expansion joint between concrete double beams as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It includes at least two support rods arranged parallel to the axis of the beam to be poured, positioning and clamping components disposed at both ends of each support rod, and connecting components; The positioning and clamping component can clamp and fix the edge of the bottom template or side template of the beam to be poured, and the connecting component is used to detachably and fix the expansion joint template to the support rod.

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