Migration protection method for rock soil immovable cultural relics

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of cultural relic protection, and discloses a rock soil immovable cultural relic migration protection method which comprises the following steps: S1, reinforcing a new site foundation; s2, cleaning and preprocessing an original address; s3, high-precision data acquisition; s4, carrying out islanding excavation on the periphery of the original site, so that the to-be-migrated site forms an independent islanding; s5, carrying out block cutting on the island, and carrying out box body reinforcement on the partitioned site body to form a whole steel frame pouring jacket; and S6, bottom supporting structure construction and hanging beam installation are conducted at the bottom of the steel frame pouring jacket, so that the ruin body is separated from the lower immature soil layer, and a hanging stress system is formed. The problem that loose and heterogeneous earthen ruins are prone to being broken during migration is solved, hydraulic softening and dust blockage of pores are avoided through waterless cutting and synchronous dust collection, the structural integrity of the ruins in the whole process of separation, reinforcement and hoisting is ensured in combination with a steel-slurry-soil composite supporting bottom layer formed through bottom jumping construction, and the construction efficiency is improved. And the perfectness ratio of the body is obviously improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of cultural relic protection technology, and in particular to a method for the relocation and protection of immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil. Background Technology

[0004] Currently, some technical solutions have been implemented for the relocation and protection of immovable cultural relics, but each has its own limitations: 1. Relocation techniques for large rammed earth and dam-type sites: For example, the "Construction Method for Large-Block Segmentation, Replacement, and Relocation Protection of Engineering Sites" disclosed in prior art document CN113846869B involves horizontal relocation using a traction device after setting up a densely packed steel pipe slide and steel plate tray at the bottom of the site. This method is suitable for rammed earth sites with a certain overall strength, but for more loosely structured and heterogeneous fill sites, the replacement structure construction is difficult. Furthermore, this method focuses on horizontal movement and is not suitable for scenarios requiring segmented hoisting and transportation to accommodate urban road restrictions.

[0005] 2. Lifting and relocation techniques for large, independent cultural relic components: For example, the "Construction method for rapid overall relocation of large cultural relic sculptures" disclosed in prior art document CN112192984A uses a base and anti-tipping frame for overall lifting. This method is highly efficient, but it is mainly suitable for sculptural cultural relics with independent foundations and relatively solid structures. For earthen sites that are closely integrated with the original soil layer and require bottom cutting and separation, there is a lack of effective cutting and bottom support techniques.

[0006] 3. Cutting and casing techniques for stone or masonry structures: For example, the "Cutting, Protecting, and Relocating Techniques for Ancient Seawall Sites" disclosed in prior art CN117248759A uses wire saw cutting combined with steel casing for overall extraction and hoisting. While the cutting and casing reinforcement approach of this method is valuable, it primarily targets stone seawalls. Applying the cutting and reinforcement techniques directly to loose soil sites can easily lead to broken cut surfaces and overall disintegration. Furthermore, it does not detail precise bottom separation and rigid support techniques.

[0007] 4. For the overall packaging and relocation technology of underground structures: For example, the "Construction Method for Overall Separation, Relocation and Protection of Ancient Tomb Chambers" disclosed in prior art CN113338662A uses external packaging and reinforcement, and the installation of tracks for jacking and relocation. This method is suitable for tomb structures with internal spaces, but for solid earthen sites, the packaged structure is enormous, making it difficult to meet the size and weight restrictions for urban road transportation. Furthermore, long-distance jacking and relocation requires specific site conditions and is extremely costly.

[0008] In summary, existing relocation and conservation technologies primarily focus on movable artifacts, stone components, or specific types of sites with relatively good integrity. For the large number of newly discovered rock and soil sites situated in loose and heterogeneous strata such as mixed fill and plain fill, existing technologies generally have the following shortcomings: (1) Lack of effective non-destructive cutting and segmentation technology: Traditional mechanical excavation or cutting can easily cause the loose site to crack and collapse, resulting in the loss of historical information.

[0009] (2) Lack of reliable rigid reinforcement and support system: It is difficult to form a stable and uniformly stressed separation layer and hoisting support system at the bottom of the loose site, and the relocation process is risky.

[0010] (3) Insufficient process control precision: In key links such as hoisting, transportation and positioning, there is a lack of real-time high-precision monitoring and control of force, attitude and positioning, which makes it impossible to quantify and ensure safety.

[0011] (4) Lack of systematic technology: It has failed to form an integrated solution for the entire process from data retention, scientific segmentation, rigid reinforcement, precise replacement to intelligent hoisting and precise positioning, making it difficult to meet the multiple constraints of "tight schedule", "strict protection" and "feasible transportation" at the same time.

[0012] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a relocation and protection method specifically for immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil, especially suitable for sites in loose strata. This method should enable precise segmentation, rigid overall reinforcement, stable bottom support, intelligent process monitoring, and accurate placement and connection. Under the policy of "archaeological pre-construction," this method would provide an efficient, reliable, and complete technical solution to resolve the conflict between major engineering projects and the emergency protection of newly discovered underground cultural relics. Summary of the Invention

[0013] To address the technical problems mentioned in the background section, this invention provides a method for the relocation and protection of immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil.

[0014] This invention employs the following technical solution: a method for the relocation and protection of immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil, comprising the following steps: S1. Reinforcement of the foundation at the new site; S2. On-site cleanup and pretreatment; S3, High-precision data acquisition; S4. The original site was excavated to create an isolated island around it, making the site to be relocated an independent island; S5. The isolated island is divided into sections, and the sectioned site is reinforced with a box to form a steel frame box. S6. Construction of the bottom support structure and installation of the lifting beam are carried out at the bottom of the steel frame box to separate the site body from the lower soil layer and form a lifting force system. S7. The archaeological site blocks are hoisted and transported using the aforementioned lifting beam; S8. Transport the site blocks to the new site and connect them in place; S9. Integrate backfill protection with display.

[0015] Furthermore, step S1 includes: based on the original burial elevation of the site, pre-setting a support beam trench at the new site, and pre-embedding I-beam positioning components in the support beam trench according to the planned position, controlling the pre-embedding positioning error to be ≤2mm.

[0016] Furthermore, step S2 includes: cleaning the surface of the site with a neutral chemical reagent with a pH value of 7-8; and temporarily supporting the unstable soil around the site using φ50mm steel pipe scaffolding combined with wire mesh.

[0017] Furthermore, step S3 includes: A 3D scanner was used to obtain a complete 3D model of the site; Drones were used for oblique photography, and RTK positioning technology was combined to mark the key coordinates of the site; A fixed-focus camera was used to capture the detailed textures of the archaeological site; Create a digital archive containing the aforementioned 3D model, planar coordinates, and detailed images.

[0018] Furthermore, step S4 includes: conducting the island-like excavation at a distance of 0.2 to 1.0 meters outside the boundary of the site, using a combination of mechanical preliminary excavation and manual fine finishing.

[0019] Furthermore, step S5 includes: S5a. The island is cut into sections using a diamond wire saw without water. Directional wheels are installed on both sides of the cutting line to guide the saw wire, and an industrial vacuum cleaner is used to collect the cutting dust simultaneously. The section size is determined based on the lifting equipment capacity and urban road transport restrictions. During normal transport, the section width does not exceed 3 meters. S5b. Weld channel steel to form a casing frame, and fill the gap between the casing frame and the site body with wooden boards from the inside out, pour in plaster slurry, and lay a non-woven fabric isolation layer. After the plaster slurry solidifies, the site body and the steel frame casing are combined into a solid whole.

[0020] Furthermore, step S6 includes: S6a. Using a Luoyang shovel, horizontal excavation is carried out from the bottom of the site, and a laser level is used to calibrate the direction, controlling the horizontal error to ≤1mm. Square steel is inserted into the channel formed by the excavation, and grouting holes are reserved on the square steel. Cement mortar is injected into the inside of the square steel and the pores between the square steel and the soil through the grouting holes to form a rigid support base. This process is repeated for jump-driving construction until the entire support base structure is completed. S6b. Based on the weight of the site blocks, calculate and select I-beams, and build a grid-shaped lifting beam under the supporting structure; use CNC synchronous jacks to lift the I-beams to be tightly fitted with the supporting structure and weld them, with the weld grade not lower than Grade 1.

[0021] Furthermore, steps S7 and S8 include: During hoisting and transportation, tension sensors are installed at the hoisting points of the lifting beam to monitor the force at each hoisting point in real time, and attitude detection sensors are installed on the side wall of the casing to control the tilt angle to ≤3°. During the placement and connection, a total station is used to monitor the coordinates of the four corners of the site block in real time to control the placement error to ≤2mm. The site block is then hoisted into the pre-set support beam trench at the new site. After the I-beam lifting beam is precisely connected with the pre-embedded positioning parts, fine stone concrete is poured to form an integral foundation.

[0022] Furthermore, step S9 includes: removing temporary reinforcement components and backfilling the site; using a 3D scanning device to collect data on the new site area to establish a digital archive of the new site after relocation; and designing a display based on the digital archive.

[0023] Furthermore, for sites with sandy soil layers, after step S4, a process of reinforcing the sidewalls and bottom of the isolated island with cement-water glass double-liquid grout is also included; for sites with expansive soil layers, after step S4, a process of laying geotextile on the sidewalls of the isolated island and sprinkling water for curing to form a moisture-retaining layer is also included.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The proposed method for relocating and protecting immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil integrates core technologies such as "high-precision data acquisition and digital archiving," "diamond wire saw directional waterless cutting and dust control," "rigid support with Luoyang shovel and laser calibration," "intelligent hoisting and transportation with real-time sensor monitoring," and "precise positioning and connection guided by total station." This forms a complete and controllable integrated technical system, achieving significant beneficial technical effects: First, it solves the problem of easily broken structures during the relocation of loose and heterogeneous soil sites. Waterless cutting and simultaneous dust extraction prevent hydraulic softening and dust clogging of pores. Combined with the steel-mortar-soil composite support layer formed by bottom tapping construction, it ensures the structural integrity of the site throughout the separation, reinforcement, and hoisting process, significantly improving the integrity rate of the site and maximizing the preservation of the original structure and historical information of the cultural relics. Second, it achieves full-chain quantitative control and dynamic optimization of the relocation process, utilizing tension sensors and attitude detection sensors to monitor hoisting forces and tilting. The method involves real-time monitoring and adjustment of the oblique angle, combined with laser level and total station to control the support direction and positioning coordinates with millimeter-level precision, greatly improving operational safety and reliability and minimizing construction risks. Furthermore, this method demonstrates excellent engineering adaptability and economy. Through a scientific block-based strategy, it dynamically adapts to crane capacity and urban road transport limitations. Rigid reinforcement and support structure design balance strength and lightweighting. The entire process is clear, highly operable, and can effectively meet the tight schedule requirements of major construction projects. Finally, this method integrates cultural relic protection and sustainable utilization. The established high-precision digital archive of "3D model + coordinates + texture" provides a permanent data foundation for subsequent research, virtual restoration, and display. Post-positioning backfilling protection or display design makes the relocation not only a successful physical transport but also a new starting point for the revitalization and inheritance of cultural heritage, providing reliable technical support for coordinating urban construction and cultural relic protection under the "archaeological pre-positioning" policy. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method for relocating and protecting immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil proposed in this invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the site being cut into sections in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 For the present invention Figure 2 Cross-sectional view at cc in the middle; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the basic plan structure of the new site of the ruins in this invention; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view at point aa; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 4 Cross-sectional view at point bb; Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of waterless cutting of the archaeological site in this invention; Figure 8 This is a top view of a single box structure of the archaeological site in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal elevation of a single box structure of the archaeological site in this invention; Figure 10 This is a longitudinal elevation view of a single box structure of the archaeological site in this invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the installation of the I-beam suspension beam at the site in this invention; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the I-beam suspension beam installation at the site in this invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the installation plan of the I-beam suspension beam at the site in this invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the reinforcement of the new site of the relic according to the present invention; Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram of the site cleaning process in this invention; Figure 16 This is a photograph taken when the invention is used to protect the outside of the archaeological site. Figure 17 These are actual photos taken during the support construction after the site body was cut; Figure 18 This is a real-life photograph taken after the foundation support work was completed following the cutting of the archaeological site. Figure 19 This is a real-life photo taken during the overall hoisting of the site, based on the present invention.

[0026] Explanation of key symbols: 1a. Site body, 1b. New site, 2. Foundation of new site, 3. Concrete cushion layer, 4. Support beam trench, 5. Embedded I-beam positioning component, 6. Channel steel, 7. Steel frame box, 8. Square steel, 9. I-beam hanging beam, 10. I-beam main beam, 11. I-beam secondary beam, 12. Diamond wire saw, 13. Directional wheel, 14. CNC synchronous jack, 15. Attitude detection sensor, 16. Wooden board, 17. Cutting seam, 18. M10 cement mortar, 19. Installation groove, 20. Precast concrete pad block, 21. Steel plate, 22. Residual soil column. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] It should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0029] The core of the method for relocating and protecting immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil disclosed in this invention lies in providing a systematic, highly operable process that maximizes the protection of cultural relic information. The technical solution of this invention will be described in detail below through two specific embodiments.

[0030] Example 1: Relocation and preservation project of Furnace Site No. 2 at the former site of the Qing Dynasty Baochuan Bureau This embodiment focuses on the No. 2 furnace site of the former Qing Dynasty Baochuan Bureau, located in the city center. The site itself (1a) measures 12.6m east-west, 5.2m north-south, and 1.2m high, primarily composed of silty clay, and is a typical immovable cultural relic made of rock and soil. Its large scale presented numerous challenges for its relocation, including difficulties in separation, high risks during hoisting, limited road transport, challenges in deformation control, and complex positioning and calibration. The method of this invention successfully completed its relocation and protection.

[0031] S1. Reinforcement of the foundation of the new site.

[0032] First, based on the original burial elevation of the original site 1a and the planned location of the new site 1b, earthwork was excavated to the designed depth. The foundation bearing layer was compacted to ensure that the foundation bearing capacity meets the long-term stability requirements of the relocated site 1a. Then, the concrete cushion layer 3 and the new site foundation 2 were constructed sequentially. Crucially, before pouring the new site foundation 2, I-beam positioning components 5 were pre-embedded strictly according to the planned layout of the secondary I-beams 11 and the main I-beams 10, and a total station was used to assist in positioning to ensure that the positioning error of all pre-embedded components was controlled within 2mm, laying the foundation for the precise placement of the subsequent site 1a blocks.

[0033] S2. On-site cleanup and pretreatment.

[0034] The surface of site 1a was meticulously cleaned manually to remove loose soil and historical contaminants. During the cleaning process, neutral chemical reagents with a pH between 7 and 8 were used as an auxiliary cleaning agent, effectively avoiding potential corrosion of site 1a by strong acids or alkalis. Simultaneously, to prevent the collapse of unstable soil surrounding site 1a during subsequent operations, a temporary support system consisting of φ50mm steel pipe scaffolding and wire mesh was erected around the excavation boundary of site 1a.

[0035] S3, High-precision data acquisition.

[0036] To ensure the complete preservation of historical information about the cultural relics and to support future research and digital display, comprehensive data collection was conducted in this step. A Faro 3D scanner (0.1mm scanning accuracy) was used to perform intensive scanning of the surface of site 1a, obtaining a high-precision 3D point cloud model. Simultaneously, a DJI Phantom 4 RTK drone was used at a height of 30 meters to perform grid-like oblique photography of site 1a and its surrounding environment. RTK technology was used to correct the image coordinates and accurately mark key coordinates such as corner points of site 1a. In addition, a Canon 5D Mark IV fixed-focus camera was used to capture close-up images of the detailed textures of the surface of site 1a. Finally, all data was integrated to establish a complete digital archive containing a 3D model, planar coordinates, and detailed images.

[0037] S4. Excavation to isolate the original site from the surrounding area.

[0038] To separate the main body of the site 1a from the original soil, a combination of mechanical preliminary excavation and manual fine finishing was employed. A small excavator was used to conduct preliminary excavation 0.2m outside the boundary of the main body of site 1a, to a depth of 1.5m. Subsequently, workers used small tools to finely finish the trench sidewalls, ultimately creating an independent "island" of site 1a with dimensions of approximately 13m east-west length, 5.6m north-south width, and 1.7m height. Because the soil layer consisted of relatively stable silty clay, vertical excavation was used without slope protection.

[0039] S5. Segmented cutting and box reinforcement.

[0040] Given the massive size of the site 1a, which cannot meet the width restrictions of urban roads (typically no more than 3m), it needs to be divided into sections.

[0041] S5a. Segmented Cutting: Based on calculations of the on-site crane capacity (maximum lifting capacity 500t) and transportation route (limited to 6m width during brief nighttime road closures), the site 1a was scientifically cut into three segments. A diamond wire saw 12 was used for waterless cutting. Before cutting, directional wheels 13 were installed on both sides of the pre-set cutting line to ensure the saw wire ran along the designed path. The cutting speed was controlled at 6cm / min, and the width of the cutting kerf 17 was controlled at 8mm. During the cutting process, a high-powered industrial vacuum cleaner was used to collect dust simultaneously along the cutting kerf 17, effectively protecting the porous structure of the site 1a and improving the working environment.

[0042] S5b, Box Reinforcement: For each section of the cut site body 1a, a steel frame box 7, slightly larger than the site body 1a, is constructed using channel steel 6. In the gap between the steel frame box 7 and the soil of the site body 1a, 18mm thick wooden boards 16 are filled sequentially from the inside out, followed by the injection of a grout made of high-strength plaster powder (water-cement ratio 0.7). Polyester fiber non-woven fabric is then laid between the plaster grout and the site body 1a for isolation and protection. After the plaster grout has cured for 24 hours, the site body 1a and the external steel frame box 7 are combined into a strong and dense whole.

[0043] S6. Construction of the supporting structure and installation of the lifting beam.

[0044] S6a. Construction of the Support Structure: This is the core step in achieving the safe separation of the site body 1a from the subsoil layer. Using a φ100mm Luoyang shovel, the reinforced site body 1a block is excavated horizontally from its bottom. During the excavation process, a laser level is used to calibrate the direction, ensuring a horizontal error of ≤1mm to prevent uneven excavation that could cause cracking of the site body 1a due to uneven stress. After each channel is completed, the bottom soil is repaired and leveled, and a 100mm×100mm square steel 8 is inserted, with a 1cm diameter grouting hole pre-drilled on the upper side of the square steel 8. Then, M10 cement mortar 18 is injected into the square steel 8 and into the pores between it and the surrounding soil through the grouting hole, forming a solid "steel-grout-soil" composite support unit. This process is repeated using a "skip-and-pump" method until a continuous rigid support layer is formed at the bottom of the entire site body 1a block.

[0045] S6b. Installation of the lifting beam: Based on the total weight (approximately 120t) of block 1a of the site (including the reinforcing steel frame cascade 7), structural calculations were performed, and 55a# I-beams (Q355 material) were selected as the load-bearing beams. First, a 0.8m wide and 1.2m high installation trench 19 was excavated manually below the bottom support using the tunneling method. After the bottom of the installation trench 19 was leveled, wooden pads and short steel pipes were placed in sequence as sliding tracks to allow the I-beam main beam 10 to be inserted into the predetermined position, ensuring that the length of both ends of the I-beam main beam 10 extending beyond the square steel 8 bottom support was not less than 0.1m. After the I-beam main beam 10 was in place, steel plates 21, precast concrete pads 20, and CNC synchronous jacks 14 were placed sequentially from bottom to top at both ends and the bottom of the middle section of each I-beam main beam 10. Three CNC synchronous jacks 14 are used to simultaneously lift the I-beam main beam 10 until it is tightly fitted to the bottom of the upper square steel 8, and the joint between the I-beam main beam 10 and the square steel 8 is immediately welded and fixed. This method is used to gradually complete the installation, lifting, and welding of all I-beam main beams 10 from the center outwards. After all the I-beam main beams 10 are stably supported, the remaining soil columns 22 between the I-beam main beams 10 are gradually removed. Finally, the secondary I-beam beams 11 are welded at the designed positions to form a stable "well"-shaped I-beam suspension beam system 9, with all welds of grade no lower than Grade 1.

[0046] S7. Lifting and transportation.

[0047] Tension sensors with a range of 0-100t and an accuracy of ±0.5% were installed at the four lifting points of the I-beam lifting beam 9 to monitor and adjust the force balance at each lifting point in real time (deviation ≤5%). Attitude detection sensors 15 were installed on the upper side wall of the steel frame casing 7 to monitor the tilt angle during lifting and transportation in real time. During this lifting operation, the maximum tilt angle detected was 2.5°, strictly less than the safety limit of 3°. Heavy-duty flatbed trucks were used for transportation, with the speed controlled at 8km / h. Nighttime transportation routes were planned in advance, and temporary road closures were implemented to address the overwidth issue. Smooth driving was maintained throughout the journey, avoiding sudden braking.

[0048] S8. New site in place and connected.

[0049] After transporting the original site block 1a to the new site 1b, the coordinates of the four corners of the block were monitored in real time using a Leica TS60 total station (accuracy ±1mm). By fine-tuning the crane to control the coordinate error within 2mm, the block was slowly lowered, ensuring that the I-beam lifting beam 9 at the bottom of the block accurately landed in the pre-embedded support groove 4 on the new site foundation 2, with a final positioning error of only 1.5mm. Subsequently, formwork was erected, and C30 fine aggregate concrete was poured into the gap between the bottom of the original site block 1a and the new site foundation 2. An immersion vibrator was used to compact the concrete, firmly connecting the original site block 1a and the new site foundation 2 into a single unit.

[0050] S9. Integration of backfill protection and display.

[0051] After the fine aggregate concrete reached 70% of its design strength, the six sets of channel steel boxes and temporary reinforcement components such as plaster were carefully removed from top to bottom. The third section of the site, 1a (the disassembled site section), which had been separated due to cutting, was then backfilled in situ to restore its overall shape. Finally, a 3D scanner was used again to collect data on the final state of the new site area 1b, creating a digital archive of the relocated site. According to the plan, the final site section 1a will be displayed using a combination of ground cover protection and partial display windows, along with an interpretive system, achieving a fusion of preservation and public cultural experience.

[0052] Example 2: Relocation and Conservation Project of Liao Dynasty Well at Zhongxinli Site This embodiment uses a Liao Dynasty well of outstanding cultural value discovered in the central area of ​​the Fangcheng Historical and Cultural District in Shenyang as the object of protection, demonstrating the applicability of the method of the present invention to small, deeply buried rock and soil cultural relics. The well is an earthen pit structure, about 2.5m deep and about 1m in diameter, with alternating layers of miscellaneous fill and silt, making its structure fragile.

[0053] S1-S3: Referring to Example 1, complete the foundation reinforcement of the new site 1b, the original site cleaning and high-precision three-dimensional data acquisition, and establish a digital archive of the ancient well.

[0054] S4. Excavation to isolate the original site from the surrounding area.

[0055] Around the outer wall of the ancient well, meticulous manual excavation was carried out to form a cylindrical "island" with a diameter of about 1.4m and a depth of about 2.7m, providing space for subsequent reinforcement.

[0056] S5. Segmented cutting and box reinforcement.

[0057] Because the ancient well is relatively small and has a cylindrical structure, it was not vertically cut in this study and was treated as a single piece.

[0058] S5b, Box Reinforcement: A cylindrical steel frame box 7 is constructed using channel steel 6 and steel plates. The space between the outer wall of the ancient well and the inner wall of the steel frame box 7 is tightly filled with a mixture of wooden boards 16 and gypsum, and then isolated with non-woven fabric to form an integral reinforcement structure.

[0059] S6. Construction of the supporting structure and installation of the lifting beam.

[0060] S6a. Construction of the bottom support structure: Due to the large depth of the ancient well, a small Luoyang shovel was used to excavate from the bottom of the well in a ring shape around the perimeter, insert eight sections of arc-shaped square steel and grout them to form a ring-shaped bottom support structure in sections.

[0061] S6b, Installation of the lifting beam: Based on the total weight of the ancient well and the steel frame casing 7 (approximately 15t), small I-beams are selected to weld a "well"-shaped I-beam lifting beam 9 below the supporting structure. The installation process also uses jacks to lift and weld the beam in place.

[0062] S7. Lifting and transportation.

[0063] During hoisting, tension and attitude sensors are installed on the I-beam lifting beam 9 for synchronous monitoring. Due to its small size and flexible transportation process, strict speed limits are imposed and smooth routes are selected.

[0064] S8. New site in place and connected.

[0065] With the assistance of a total station, the ancient well was precisely hoisted into the pre-designed concrete base at the new site 1b of the ruins, with the error controlled within 2mm, and then micro-expansion concrete was poured to fix it.

[0066] S9. Integration of backfill protection and display.

[0067] The temporary upper steel structure was dismantled, and the wellhead was protectively restored. Based on its digital model, augmented reality (AR) technology is planned to be used in future cultural tourism projects for virtual display, vividly recreating the historical scene of the ancient well.

[0068] The beneficial effects of the present invention have been fully verified in the above embodiments: 1. High integrity rate: Through waterless cutting and rigid support technology, the fragile earthen site did not suffer structural damage during relocation, and key historical information was well preserved.

[0069] 2. Controllable process: The intelligent sensor system enables quantitative monitoring and dynamic adjustment of the hoisting and transportation process, greatly improving safety.

[0070] 3. High adaptability: The method can be flexibly adjusted according to the size of the site (such as large furnace sites and small ancient wells) and the geological conditions (such as clay in Example 1 and miscellaneous fill in Example 2), and has high universality.

[0071] 4. Cultural Continuity: The integration of digital archives and display design makes the relocation not just a physical transfer, but also the starting point for the permanent preservation and re-dissemination of cultural information.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for relocating and protecting immovable cultural relics made of rock and soil, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Reinforcement of the foundation at the new site; S2. On-site cleanup and pretreatment; S3, High-precision data acquisition; S4. The original site was excavated to create an isolated island around it, making the site to be relocated an independent island; S5. The isolated island is divided into sections, and the sectioned site is reinforced with a box to form a steel frame box. S6. Construction of the bottom support structure and installation of the lifting beam are carried out at the bottom of the steel frame box to separate the site body from the lower soil layer and form a lifting force system. S7. The archaeological site blocks are hoisted and transported using the aforementioned lifting beam; S8. Transport the site blocks to the new site and connect them in place; S9. Integrate backfill protection with display.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S1 includes: based on the original burial elevation of the site, pre-setting a support beam trench at the new site, and pre-embedding I-beam positioning components in the support beam trench according to the planned position, controlling the pre-embedding positioning error to be ≤2mm.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S2 includes: cleaning the surface of the site with a neutral chemical reagent with a pH value of 7-8; and temporarily supporting the unstable soil around the site with φ50mm steel pipe scaffolding combined with wire mesh.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S3 includes: A 3D scanner was used to obtain a complete 3D model of the site; Drones were used for oblique photography, and RTK positioning technology was combined to mark the key coordinates of the site; A fixed-focus camera was used to capture the detailed textures of the archaeological site; Create a digital archive containing the aforementioned 3D model, planar coordinates, and detailed images.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S4 includes: conducting the island-like excavation by combining mechanical preliminary excavation with manual fine finishing at a distance of 0.2 to 1.0 meters outside the boundary of the site.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S5 includes: S5a. The island is cut into sections using a diamond wire saw without water. Directional wheels are installed on both sides of the cutting line to guide the saw wire, and an industrial vacuum cleaner is used to collect the cutting dust simultaneously. The section size is determined based on the lifting equipment capacity and urban road transport restrictions. During normal transport, the section width does not exceed 3 meters. S5b. Weld channel steel to form a casing frame, and fill the gap between the casing frame and the site body with wooden boards from the inside out, pour in plaster slurry, and lay a non-woven fabric isolation layer. After the plaster slurry solidifies, the site body and the steel frame casing are combined into a solid whole.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S6 includes: S6a. Using a Luoyang shovel, horizontal excavation is carried out from the bottom of the site, and a laser level is used to calibrate the direction, controlling the horizontal error to ≤1mm. Square steel is inserted into the channel formed by the excavation, and grouting holes are reserved on the square steel. Cement mortar is injected into the inside of the square steel and the pores between the square steel and the soil through the grouting holes to form a rigid support base. This process is repeated for jump-driving construction until the entire support base structure is completed. S6b. Based on the weight of the site blocks, calculate and select I-beams, and build a grid-shaped lifting beam under the supporting structure; use CNC synchronous jacks to lift the I-beams to be tightly fitted with the supporting structure and weld them, with the weld grade not lower than Grade 1.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Steps S7 and S8 include: During hoisting and transportation, tension sensors are installed at the hoisting points of the lifting beam to monitor the force at each hoisting point in real time, and attitude detection sensors are installed on the side wall of the casing to control the tilt angle to ≤3°. During the placement and connection, a total station is used to monitor the coordinates of the four corners of the site block in real time to control the placement error to ≤2mm. The site block is then hoisted into the pre-set support beam trench at the new site. After the I-beam lifting beam is precisely connected with the pre-embedded positioning parts, fine stone concrete is poured to form an integral foundation.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step S9 includes: removing temporary reinforcement components and backfilling the site; using 3D scanning equipment to collect data on the new site area to establish a digital archive of the new site after relocation; and designing a display based on the digital archive.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, For sites with sandy soil layers, after step S4, a process of reinforcing the sidewalls and bottom of the isolated island with cement-water glass double-liquid grout is also included; for sites with expansive soil layers, after step S4, a process of laying geotextile on the sidewalls of the isolated island and sprinkling water for curing to form a moisture-retaining layer is also included.

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