Drilling blowout prevention device, early warning method and blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion, an early warning method and a blowout prevention method, and belongs to the field of coal mine safety. The device comprises a drilling machine, a blowout prevention structure, a drilling gas emission monitoring module, a drilling state monitoring module, a mine micro-seismic monitoring system and a response module. The drilling state monitoring module comprises a footage speed sensor, a torque sensor and a rotating speed sensor, and the drilling state monitoring module is assembled at the driving end of a drill rod; the drilling gas emission monitoring module comprises a gas concentration sensor and a gas flow sensor, and the drilling gas emission monitoring module is assembled on an exhaust device; the response module is in signal connection with the drilling machine, the drilling gas emission monitoring module, the drilling state monitoring module, the mine micro-seismic monitoring system and the deslagging device. Meanwhile, the invention discloses a drilling blowout prevention method of the device. According to the method, the hole spraying risk can be accurately pre-warned in advance, intelligent and efficient prevention and control are achieved, and construction safety is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of coal mine safety, and particularly relates to a borehole blowout prevention device, early warning method and blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion. Background Technology

[0002] During drilling operations in high-gas and outburst-prone coal seams underground, blowouts are extremely destructive dynamic phenomena. When the gas or stress state within the borehole changes drastically, a large amount of coal dust and gas can be ejected instantaneously. This not only seriously threatens the lives of personnel on site and damages drilling equipment, but can also trigger secondary gas exceedances or even explosions, severely hindering safe and efficient coal mine production. Therefore, blowout preventers must be installed at the borehole opening for protection during drilling operations. Current technologies for preventing borehole blowouts mainly fall into two categories: one is the more commonly used passive response blowout prevention technology, which involves connecting to a gas extraction system to extract gas emitted from the borehole and receiving coal slag emitted from the borehole through a coal slag collector. This method has a delayed response and a fixed extraction flow rate, making it unable to adaptively adjust to different blowout intensities and thus has poor applicability. The other is the intelligent blowout prevention device, which is developed with the advancement of mine intelligence. This device determines the borehole blowout based on the gas emission rate and performs gas extraction within the borehole to prevent gas exceedances. However, this type of device has a high false alarm rate due to its single judgment basis and delayed early warning.

[0003] In summary, the existing technological system exhibits a coexistence of "lagging passive response" and "disconnection from proactive early warning." The fundamental problem lies in the failure to construct a systematic solution that integrates real-time fusion of multi-dimensional precursor information, intelligent risk identification, and coordinated control of blowout prevention and extraction equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the aforementioned problems and overcomes the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion, comprising a drilling rig, a blowout prevention structure, a borehole gas emission monitoring module, a drilling status monitoring module, a mine micro-vibration monitoring system, and a response module. The drilling rig is equipped with a drill rod, and the blowout prevention structure includes a slag storage device, a slag discharge device, and a drainage device; the main body of the blowout prevention structure is a four-way structure, with the two horizontal ends of the four-way structure connected to the drilling rig and the borehole respectively, and the two vertical ends of the four-way structure being an exhaust port and a slag discharge port respectively; the exhaust port is connected to the exhaust device through an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust device is equipped with a pressure reducing valve; the slag discharge port is connected to the slag discharge device. The drilling status monitoring module includes a drilling speed sensor, a torque sensor, and a rotation speed sensor, and is mounted on the drive end of the drill pipe; the borehole gas emission monitoring module includes a gas concentration sensor and a gas flow sensor, and is mounted on the exhaust device. The response module is connected to the drilling rig, the borehole gas emission monitoring module, the drilling status monitoring module, the mine micro-vibration monitoring system, the slag discharge device, the exhaust device, the pressure reducing valve, and the slag storage device, respectively.

[0005] Preferably, the slag storage device is equipped with a stirring device and a weighing device inside. The power input end of the stirring device is connected to the power output end of the slag discharge device through a bevel gear set. A protective cover is provided on the outside of the bevel gear set. The protective cover is fixedly connected to the housing of the slag discharge device, and the protective cover and the rotating shaft of the stirring device are in a rotating fit. The weighing device includes a pressure-bearing guide slope, a support pipe, and a pressure sensor. The pressure-bearing guide slope is located directly below the inlet of the slag storage device, and the pressure sensor is sandwiched between the pressure-bearing guide slope and the support pipe. Data is transmitted to the response module via a data cable.

[0006] Preferably, the slag discharge device is an explosion-proof spiral slag discharge structure, including an explosion-proof motor, a slag discharge channel, and a slag discharge spiral. The slag discharge channel is welded and fixed to the slag discharge port of the main body of the blowout-proof structure, and the slag discharge channel is connected to the interior of the slag storage device. The explosion-proof motor is mounted on the upper power input port of the slag discharge device, and the slag discharge spiral is coaxially disposed inside the slag discharge channel. The upper end of the slag discharge spiral is connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor, and the explosion-proof motor is signal-connected to the response module.

[0007] Preferably, the response module includes a data processing unit, an adaptive learning unit, and a control unit.

[0008] Another objective of this invention is to provide a blowout prevention early warning method based on multi-source information fusion. The method uses the aforementioned multi-source information fusion-based borehole blowout prevention device to collect mine microseismic parameters, borehole parameters, and external borehole parameters to determine the risk level of the blowout. The mine micro-seismic parameters are the energy of micro-seismic events within the warning range, the frequency of micro-seismic events, and the straight-line distance between the micro-seismic events and the drilling point; the in-hole parameters are the drilling speed and rotation torque of the drill rod; and the out-of-hole parameters are the volume concentration of gas emitted from the borehole, the absolute gas emission flow rate, and the coal slag discharge rate. The risk level warning for the nozzle is divided into three levels: attention level, alert level, and alarm level. The warning range includes a first warning range and a second warning range; the first warning range is an annular area with a radius of 100-300m centered on the drilling site; the second warning range is within a circular area with a radius of 100m centered on the drilling site. The second warning area has a radius of 100m. The level of concern is defined as follows: within the first warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 10% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 3 ~10 4 J; The borehole parameters exhibit irregular fluctuations, with the fluctuation amplitude exceeding 15% of the statistical fluctuation threshold; The gas volume concentration or absolute gas outburst flow rate shows an upward trend for more than 5 minutes, and the upward rate exceeds 10% of the statistical baseline rate during the previous normal drilling process; The historical statistical activity level of the microseismic events is the average daily frequency of microseismic events in mines within the corresponding warning range during a quarter when there is no construction disturbance or geological structural change. The statistical fluctuation threshold is three times the standard deviation of the drill pipe advance speed and rotation torque monitoring data during the normal drilling phase. The statistical fluctuation threshold is three times the standard deviation of the drill rod advance speed and rotation torque data continuously collected before drilling construction / drilling stage. The data collection period is 30 minutes before normal drilling of a single hole, and the sampling frequency is 1 time / second. After removing outliers, the standard deviation is calculated and the threshold is determined.

[0009] The warning level is defined as follows: within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 20% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 4 ~10 5 J; The drill pipe's drilling speed variation exceeds the statistical baseline value during previous normal drilling by more than 20%; the peak rotational torque exceeds the peak value of normal drilling torque by more than 20%; the gas volume concentration or absolute outflow rate shows a pulsed increase, with the peak value exceeding the warning threshold for the attention level more than 5 times; the gas volume concentration or absolute outflow rate shows an upward trend for more than 10 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeds the statistical baseline rate during previous normal drilling by more than 20%; the amount of slag discharged per unit time in the slag storage device exceeds the peak value of conventional drilling by more than 20%. The statistical baseline value during the normal drilling process is the average drill rod advance rate of the first 10 minutes of normal drilling in the current drilling section, excluding monitoring data under abnormal conditions. The normal drilling torque peak value is the maximum torque value of the borehole before reaching the current depth under the same coal seam, drilling depth, and drilling rig parameters, and excludes torque data from abnormal working conditions such as top drill bit, drill bit sticking, and jamming. The peak value of conventional drilling is the maximum mass of coal slag discharged per minute monitored by the slag storage device during the normal drilling stage under the same coal seam, drilling depth, and drilling rig parameters. The alarm level is defined as follows: within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is higher than 30% of historical statistical activity levels, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 5 ~10 6J; The drill pipe exhibits typical dynamic abnormalities, including drill bit jacking, drill bit seizing, and jamming; the volume concentration of gas or the absolute gas outflow rate shows an upward trend for more than 20 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeds 30% of the statistical baseline rate during the previous normal drilling process; the slag storage device detects that the slag discharge status is interrupted.

[0010] The irregular fluctuations refer to the deviation of the drill pipe advance speed and rotation torque monitoring values ​​from the statistical fluctuation threshold, and the data changes without a fixed trend or periodicity, with the fluctuation amplitude of five consecutive sampling points exceeding the threshold by 50%. The pulse-like rise refers to the phenomenon where the gas concentration / absolute gas outflow rate rises to above the warning threshold for the concern level within a short period of time (≤30s), and then falls back, and this process is repeated. The interruption of coal slag discharge status refers to a situation where the weighing device and flow monitoring device of the slag storage device do not detect coal slag discharge for 10 consecutive seconds, and the slag discharge device is operating normally.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a borehole blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion, employing the above-mentioned borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion and the above-mentioned blowout prevention early warning method based on multi-source information fusion, comprising the following steps: Step 1: Install a mine microseismic monitoring system in the drilling area of ​​the coal mine, wherein the monitoring range of the mine microseismic monitoring system covers at least one drilling point; Step 2: Connect the main body of the blowout preventer to the drilling rig and the borehole respectively. Assemble the drilling status monitoring module on the drive end of the drill rod. Seal the main body of the blowout preventer with the borehole opening. Assemble the main body of the blowout preventer with the drilling rig. Connect the response module to the drilling rig, the borehole gas emission monitoring module, the drilling status monitoring module, the mine micro-vibration monitoring system, the slag removal device, the exhaust device, the pressure reducing valve, and the slag storage device respectively. Complete the device debugging. Step 3: Start the drilling rig to carry out drilling construction, and start the borehole gas emission monitoring module, drilling status monitoring module, and mine micro-vibration monitoring system. The borehole gas emission monitoring module, drilling status monitoring module, and mine micro-vibration monitoring system collect multi-source real-time parameters. Step 4: The response module receives real-time parameters from multiple sources and processes the data to determine the risk level of the blowhole. If a blowhole risk is determined, a warning signal and action control command of the corresponding level are issued; if no blowhole risk is determined, monitoring continues and normal construction status is maintained. Step 5: Based on the risk warning level of the blowout, the response module sends a graded linkage control command to the exhaust device and the slag removal device, simultaneously opening the gas extraction auxiliary channel to increase the gas extraction volume, adjusting the slag removal speed of the slag removal device to increase the slag removal volume, and opening the blowout buffer box to form a blowout buffer zone, thereby achieving graded blowout prevention and control. Step 6: The response module verifies the treatment effect in real time. If all multi-source real-time parameters drop below the corresponding warning level threshold, the on-site construction conditions are restored to normal drilling standards, and the drilling rig is restarted to continue drilling. If the parameters do not return to the threshold, the corresponding level of blowout prevention measures are continuously implemented. Step 7: Repeat steps 3 to 6 until the current drilling is completed, thus completing the blowout protection for the entire drilling cycle.

[0012] Preferably, the anti-spraying measures corresponding to the graded linkage control command in step 5 are: Attention-level warning: Issues an audible and visual warning, displays a yellow warning light, increases the opening degree of the solenoid valve in the exhaust device's extraction channel from 10% to 30%, and cancels the adjustment value 5 minutes after the warning is lifted; Alert Level Warning: Issue an upgraded audible and visual warning, display a yellow warning light, and issue a voice prompt to construction personnel to pay attention to the warning. The opening degree of the solenoid valve in the exhaust device extraction channel is increased from 30% to 50%. The explosion-proof motor controlling the slag discharge device increases its speed by 20% to increase the slag discharge rate. The adjustment value is canceled 10 minutes after the warning is lifted. Alarm-level warning: Issues the highest level audible and visual warning, displays a red warning light, and issues a voice prompt to construction personnel to handle the borehole, sends a stop drilling command to the drilling rig, increases the opening degree of the solenoid valve of the exhaust device extraction channel to 100%, controls the explosion-proof motor of the slag discharge device to run at the rated maximum speed, maximizes the slag discharge rate, until the parameters return to normal or a work stoppage is implemented.

[0013] Preferably, the nozzle risk level identification in step 4 is determined by the data processing unit of the response module based on the changing trend, mutation magnitude and causal relationship characteristics of multiple source parameters. If a single parameter is abnormal and does not reach the mutation threshold, the nozzle risk warning will not be triggered.

[0014] Beneficial effects of this invention: 1. Multi-source information fusion sensing breaks through the limitations of single monitoring and significantly improves the accuracy and predictability of borehole early warning. This invention integrates three types of monitoring data: far-field stress parameters, borehole drilling parameters, and borehole outflow parameters, to construct a multi-dimensional information sensing system, avoiding the problems of high false alarm rate and delayed early warning caused by the single judgment basis of existing technologies.

[0015] 2. Three-tiered progressive early warning system adapts to different risk levels, enabling refined management of blowout risks. This invention designs a three-tiered blowout early warning system: attention level, warning level, and alarm level. Different parameter identification rules are formulated for different warning levels, and the warning thresholds can be dynamically adjusted based on historical statistical benchmarks and on-site construction monitoring values, making the early warning identification more closely aligned with the specific geological conditions of the mining area. This achieves graded identification and accurate assessment of blowout risks, avoiding excessive warnings that interfere with construction and preventing safety accidents caused by missed risk assessments.

[0016] 3. A hierarchical and interconnected intelligent response mechanism is established to construct a closed-loop control system and achieve intelligent and efficient blowout prevention and control. This invention establishes interconnected response measures that are precisely matched with the three-level early warning levels. From fine-tuning extraction at the attention level, to strengthening extraction and increasing slag discharge at the warning level, and then to stopping drilling, fully opening the extraction valve, and adjusting the slag discharge speed to the maximum at the alarm level, a gradient response strategy from preventive adjustment to emergency response is formed.

[0017] This invention, while achieving efficient prevention and control of blowout hazards and ensuring the safety of on-site personnel and the integrity of drilling equipment, minimizes the interference of blowout prevention operations on normal drilling work through refined risk management and tiered response measures, avoiding unnecessary work stoppages and ensuring the continuity of drilling operations. Simultaneously, it effectively reduces damage to drilling equipment caused by blowout accidents, lowers equipment maintenance and replacement costs, and avoids economic losses and production stoppages caused by secondary accidents such as gas over-limits and explosions resulting from blowouts. Furthermore, the far-field monitoring equipment can cover multiple drilling operations, achieving efficient utilization of equipment resources, further reducing equipment investment costs, and ultimately achieving a dual improvement in the safety and efficiency of coal mine drilling operations. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a drilling blowout early warning method based on multi-source information fusion in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 In the middle: 1-Drilling rig; 2-Drill rod; 3-Blowout preventer main body; 4-Slag storage device; 402-Water drainer; 5-Exhaust buffer box; 401-Slag discharger; 501-Exhaust pipe; 502-Extraction pipe; 503-Concentration and flow sensor; 504-Pressure regulator; 505-Solenoid valve; 6-Response module; 601-Signal cable; 7-Drill hole; 701-Drill hole connection device.

[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the weighing device structure inside the slag storage device in the blowout preventer in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3In Chinese: 403-Weighing device; 4031-Pressure-bearing guide slope; 4032-Pressure sensor; 4033-Support pipe; 4034-Data cable; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring device inside the slag storage device in the anti-blowout device of this embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 In the middle: 4041-stirring block; 4042-bevel gear; 4043-gear guard; 4044-base; 4045-rotating shaft; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the stirring device and slag discharge device within the slag storage device in the anti-blowout device of this embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 In the middle: 5051-Slag discharge channel; 5052-Slag discharge spiral; 5053-Explosion-proof motor. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the device of the present invention includes a drilling rig 1, a blowout prevention structure, a borehole gas emission monitoring module, a drilling status monitoring module, a mine micro-vibration monitoring system, and a response module 6; Drilling rig 1 is equipped with drill rod 2 to provide power for drilling operations. Drilling status monitoring module is installed at the drive end of drill rod 2. The main body of the blowout preventer structure 3 is a four-way structure, with the drill rig 1 and the borehole 7 connected at the two horizontal ends respectively. A borehole connection device 701 is set between the drill rig 1 and the borehole 7, and an exhaust port and a slag discharge port are set at the two vertical ends. The slag storage device 4 has a built-in stirring device and a weighing device 403; the weighing device 403 includes a pressure-bearing guide slope 4031, a pressure sensor 4032, and a support pipe 4033, and transmits data to the response module 6 through a data cable 4034; the slag storage device 4 is also equipped with a drainer 402 for discharging internal liquid. The stirring device is equipped with a base 4044, and a stirring block 4041 is set on the base 4044; a rotating shaft 4045 is set in the middle of the bevel gear 4042, and a gear protective cover 4043 is set on the outside of the bevel gear 4042. The slag discharge device 401 is an explosion-proof spiral slag discharge structure, which includes a slag discharge channel 5051, a slag discharge spiral 5052, an explosion-proof motor 5053, and is connected to the inside of the slag storage device 4. The exhaust device is equipped with an exhaust buffer box 5, which is connected to the exhaust port of the blowout prevention structure 3 via an exhaust pipe 501 and an extraction pipe 502. The exhaust device is equipped with a pressure stabilizing valve 504 and a concentration and flow sensor 503. The drilling connection device 701 achieves a sealed connection between the main body 3 of the blowout preventer structure and the drill hole 7.

[0024] The multi-source monitoring module is as follows: The drilling status monitoring module includes a feed rate sensor, a torque sensor, and a rotation speed sensor to monitor the feed rate, rotation torque, and rotation speed of drill pipe 2. The borehole gas emission monitoring module includes a concentration and flow sensor 503 to monitor the volume concentration and absolute emission flow rate of the gas emanating from borehole 7; The mine microseismic monitoring system monitors the energy, frequency, and straight-line distance of microseismic events within the area affected by borehole 7 construction. The response module 6 is the data analysis and control center of the device. It is connected to all monitoring modules and execution components (drilling rig 1, solenoid valve 505, explosion-proof motor 5053, slag storage device 4, etc.) via signal cable 601. It has a built-in data processing unit, adaptive learning unit, and control unit.

[0025] The adaptive learning unit built into the response module 6 collects and stores historical monitoring data and corresponding final working condition results. It starts the learning process according to the fixed number of boreholes and the false alarm / missed alarm trigger: using the random forest machine learning algorithm, it analyzes the correlation between historical data features and results, automatically adjusts the threshold set in the early warning rules, and the optimized threshold set will replace the old parameters for early warning identification of subsequent boreholes, thereby realizing adaptive iteration for the current mining area.

[0026] Example 2

[0027] The borehole blowout prevention device of Example 1 is used to collect real-time data from three sources: mine microseismic parameters (far-field parameters), borehole parameters, and external parameters. Through a three-level identification rule, a three-level early warning of blowout risk is achieved: attention level, warning level, and alarm level. The warning areas are divided into two categories: the first warning area and the second warning area. The specific identification criteria and principles are as follows: I. Classification of Monitoring Parameters Far-field parameters: energy of microseismic events, frequency of occurrence, and straight-line distance from drilling point 7; In-hole parameters: drilling speed and rotational torque of drill rod 2; External parameters: volume concentration of gas emanating from borehole 7, absolute gas outflow rate, and slag discharge rate of slag storage device 4.

[0028] Second and third level early warning identification rules (a) Attention Level (Level I Identification): Far field: Within the first warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 10% higher than the historical statistical activity level of the area, or the energy of a single microseismic event is at least 10. 3 ~10 4 J; Inside the hole: The feed rate and rotational torque of drill pipe 2 fluctuated irregularly, with the fluctuation amplitude exceeding 15% of the statistical fluctuation threshold; Outside the borehole: The gas concentration / flow rate continued to rise for more than 5 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeded 10% of the previous normal drilling statistical baseline rate.

[0029] like Figure 1 As shown, Level I identification primarily targets single parameters or slow abnormal trends. When an abnormality is detected in a parameter or a parameter exhibits a slow abnormal change trend, it is classified as a Level I situation, and a Level I alert is output. (II) Alert Level (Level II Identification): Far field: Within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 20% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 4 ~10 5 J; Inside the hole: The feed rate of drill pipe 2 changed by more than 20% of the previous normal drilling statistical baseline value, and the peak value of the rotational torque exceeded 20% of the peak value of the normal drilling torque; Outside the borehole: The gas concentration / flow rate shows a pulsed increase, with the peak exceeding the warning threshold for the attention level more than 5 times; or the gas concentration / flow rate continues to rise for more than 10 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeds 20% of the previous normal drilling statistical benchmark rate; the amount of coal slag discharged per unit time in the slag storage device 4 exceeds 20% of the peak value of conventional drilling.

[0030] Level II identification identifies significant anomalies in multidimensional parameters. When multiple key parameters show significant anomalies simultaneously, it is determined to be a Level II situation, and a Level II warning is output. (III) Alarm Level (Level III Identification): Far field: Within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 30% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 5 ~10 6 J; Inside the hole: Drill rod 2 exhibits typical abnormal dynamic phenomena such as drill bit jacking, drill bit seizing, and jamming; Outside the borehole: The gas concentration / flow rate continued to rise for more than 20 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeded 30% of the previous normal drilling statistical baseline rate; the slag storage device 4 detected that the slag discharge status was interrupted.

[0031] Level III identification targets parameter mutations or causal chains. When a monitored parameter changes suddenly or there is an obvious abnormal causal relationship, it is identified as a Level III situation, and a Level III alarm warning is output.

[0032] III. Core Judgment Principles The data processing unit of response module 6 makes a comprehensive judgment based on the changing trend, mutation magnitude, and causal relationship characteristics of multi-source parameters; when a single parameter is abnormal but does not reach the mutation threshold, no nozzle risk warning is triggered.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] Using the borehole blowout prevention device of Example 1 and the early warning method of Example 2, graded blowout prevention measures were implemented for borehole 7, as follows: Installation of far-field monitoring equipment: Install a mine microseismic monitoring system in the construction area of ​​borehole 7 to ensure that the monitoring range fully covers at least one construction point of borehole 7; The blowout preventer body 3 is sealed and connected to the drilling rig 1 and the borehole 7 through the borehole connection device 701. The monitoring modules are assembled in the designated positions. The response module 6 is connected to all monitoring modules and execution components. The entire process is debugged to the normal working state of the equipment. Start drilling rig 1 to drill hole 7, and simultaneously start drilling status monitoring module, borehole gas emission monitoring module and mine micro-vibration monitoring system to continuously collect real-time parameters from multiple sources in the far field, inside the hole and outside the hole. The response module 6 receives and processes various monitoring parameters in real time, and completes the risk level determination of the nozzle according to the three-level early warning identification rule in Example 2; if a risk is determined, the corresponding level early warning signal and action control command are immediately issued; if there is no risk, continuous monitoring is maintained and normal construction is carried out. Response module 6 sends graded linkage control commands to the exhaust device and slag discharge device 401 based on the determined warning level, realizing the gradient adjustment of gas extraction and coal slag discharge. Specific measures include: Attention level: Issues a yellow light and audible warning, increases the opening degree of solenoid valve 505 in the exhaust device extraction channel from 10% to 30% (fine-tuning extraction), and restores the original opening degree after 5 minutes of canceling the warning; Alert Level: Issue a yellow light upgrade audible and visual warning, and provide voice alert prompts. Increase the opening degree of solenoid valve 505 from 30% to 50% (enhance extraction). Control the explosion-proof motor 5053 of slag discharge device 401 to increase the speed by 20% to increase the slag discharge rate (increase slag discharge). After canceling the alert for 10 minutes, restore the original parameters. Alarm level: Issues the highest level red light audible and visual warning, and provides voice prompts for handling. Sends a stop drilling command to drilling rig 1, adjusts the opening degree of solenoid valve 505 to 100%, and controls explosion-proof motor 5053 to run at the rated maximum speed to maximize the slag discharge rate. Real-time verification of treatment effect: Response module 6 continuously monitors various parameters and verifies the effect of blowout prevention treatment; if all parameters drop below the corresponding warning level threshold, the normal construction status of borehole 7 is restored; if the parameters do not recover, the corresponding level of blowout prevention treatment measures are continuously implemented. Repeat steps 3 through 6 until the current borehole 7 is completed, thus completing the blowout protection for the entire construction cycle of a single borehole.

[0035] It is understood that the above specific description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the present invention to achieve the same technical effect; as long as the use needs are met, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion, characterized in that, Includes drilling rig, blowout preventer, borehole gas emission monitoring module, drilling status monitoring module, mine microseismic monitoring system and response module; The drilling rig is equipped with a drill rod, and the blowout prevention structure includes a slag storage device, a slag discharge device, and a drainage device; the main body of the blowout prevention structure is a four-way structure, with the two horizontal ends of the four-way structure connected to the drilling rig and the borehole respectively, and the two vertical ends of the four-way structure being an exhaust port and a slag discharge port respectively. The exhaust port is connected to the exhaust device via an exhaust pipe, and the exhaust device is equipped with a pressure reducing valve; the slag discharge port is connected to the slag discharge device. The drilling status monitoring module includes a drilling speed sensor, a torque sensor, and a rotation speed sensor, and is mounted on the drive end of the drill pipe; the borehole gas emission monitoring module includes a gas concentration sensor and a gas flow sensor, and is mounted on the exhaust device. The response module is connected to the drilling rig, the borehole gas emission monitoring module, the drilling status monitoring module, the mine micro-vibration monitoring system, the slag discharge device, the exhaust device, the pressure reducing valve, and the slag storage device, respectively.

2. The borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag storage device is equipped with a stirring device and a weighing device. The power input end of the stirring device is connected to the power output end of the slag discharge device through a bevel gear set. A protective cover is provided on the outside of the bevel gear set. The protective cover is fixedly connected to the shell of the slag discharge device, and the protective cover and the rotating shaft of the stirring device are in a rotating fit. The weighing device includes a pressure-bearing guide slope, a support pipe, and a pressure sensor. The pressure-bearing guide slope is located directly below the inlet of the slag storage device, and the pressure sensor is sandwiched between the pressure-bearing guide slope and the support pipe. Data is transmitted to the response module via a data cable.

3. The borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag discharge device is an explosion-proof spiral slag discharge structure, including an explosion-proof motor, a slag discharge channel, and a slag discharge spiral. The slag discharge channel is welded and fixed to the slag discharge port of the main body of the blowout-proof structure, and the slag discharge channel is connected to the interior of the slag storage device. The explosion-proof motor is mounted on the upper power input port of the slag discharge device, and the slag discharge spiral is coaxially arranged inside the slag discharge channel. The upper end of the slag discharge spiral is connected to the output shaft of the explosion-proof motor, and the explosion-proof motor is connected to the response module for signal transmission.

4. The borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The response module includes a data processing unit, an adaptive learning unit, and a control unit.

5. A borehole blowout prevention early warning method based on multi-source information fusion, characterized in that, The borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion as described in any one of claims 1-4 is used to collect mine microseismic parameters, borehole parameters, and external parameters to determine the risk level of blowout. The mine micro-seismic parameters are the energy of micro-seismic events within the warning range, the frequency of micro-seismic events, and the straight-line distance between the micro-seismic events and the drilling point; the in-hole parameters are the drilling speed and rotation torque of the drill rod; and the out-of-hole parameters are the volume concentration of gas emitted from the borehole, the absolute gas emission flow rate, and the coal slag discharge rate. The risk level warning for the nozzle is divided into three levels: attention level, alert level, and alarm level. The warning range includes a first warning range and a second warning range; the first warning range is an annular area with a radius of 100-300m centered on the drilling site; the second warning range is within a circular area with a radius of 100m centered on the drilling site. The level of concern is defined as follows: within the first warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 10% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 3 ~10 4 J; all the borehole parameters showed irregular fluctuations, with fluctuation amplitudes exceeding 15% of the statistical fluctuation threshold; the gas volume concentration or absolute gas outburst flow rate showed an upward trend for more than 5 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeded 10% of the statistical baseline rate during the previous normal drilling process; The warning level is defined as follows: within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is 20% higher than the historical statistical activity level, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 4 ~10 5 J; The drill pipe's drilling speed variation exceeds the statistical baseline value during previous normal drilling by more than 20%; the peak rotational torque exceeds the peak value of normal drilling torque by more than 20%; the gas volume concentration or absolute outflow rate shows a pulsed increase, with the peak value exceeding the warning threshold for the attention level more than 5 times; the gas volume concentration or absolute outflow rate shows an upward trend for more than 10 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeds the statistical baseline rate during previous normal drilling by more than 20%; the amount of slag discharged per unit time in the slag storage device exceeds the peak value of conventional drilling by more than 20%. The alarm level is defined as follows: within the second warning range, the frequency of microseismic events is higher than 30% of historical statistical activity levels, or the energy of a single microseismic event is below 10. 5 ~10 6 J; The drill pipe exhibits typical dynamic abnormalities, including drill bit jacking, drill bit seizing, and jamming; the volume concentration of gas or the absolute gas outflow rate shows an upward trend for more than 20 minutes, and the rate of increase exceeds 30% of the statistical baseline rate during the previous normal drilling process; the slag storage device detects that the slag discharge status is interrupted.

6. A borehole blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion, characterized in that, The borehole blowout prevention device based on multi-source information fusion as described in any one of claims 1-4 includes the following steps: Step 1: Install a mine microseismic monitoring system in the drilling area of ​​the coal mine, wherein the monitoring range of the mine microseismic monitoring system covers at least one drilling point; Step 2: Connect the main body of the blowout preventer to the drilling rig and the borehole respectively. Assemble the drilling status monitoring module on the drive end of the drill rod. Seal the main body of the blowout preventer with the borehole opening. Assemble the main body of the blowout preventer with the drilling rig. Connect the response module to the drilling rig, the borehole gas emission monitoring module, the drilling status monitoring module, the mine micro-vibration monitoring system, the slag removal device, the exhaust device, the pressure reducing valve, and the slag storage device respectively. Complete the device debugging. Step 3: Start the drilling rig to carry out drilling construction, and start the borehole gas emission monitoring module, drilling status monitoring module, and mine micro-vibration monitoring system. The borehole gas emission monitoring module, drilling status monitoring module, and mine micro-vibration monitoring system collect multi-source real-time parameters. Step 4: The response module receives real-time parameters from multiple sources and processes the data to determine the risk level of the blowhole. If a blowhole risk is determined, a warning signal and action control command of the corresponding level are issued; if no blowhole risk is determined, monitoring continues and normal construction status is maintained. Step 5: Based on the risk warning level of the blowout, the response module sends a graded linkage control command to the exhaust device and the slag removal device, simultaneously opening the gas extraction auxiliary channel to increase the gas extraction volume, adjusting the slag removal speed of the slag removal device to increase the slag removal volume, and opening the blowout buffer box to form a blowout buffer zone, thereby achieving graded blowout prevention and control. Step 6: The response module verifies the treatment effect in real time. If all multi-source real-time parameters drop below the corresponding warning level threshold, the on-site construction conditions are restored to normal drilling standards, and the drilling rig is restarted to continue drilling. If the parameters do not return to the threshold, the corresponding level of blowout prevention measures are continuously implemented. Step 7: Repeat steps 3 to 6 until the current drilling is completed, thus completing the blowout protection for the entire drilling cycle.

7. The borehole blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The blowout prevention measures corresponding to the graded linkage control command mentioned in step 5 are as follows: Attention-level warning: Issues an audible and visual warning, displays a yellow warning light, increases the opening degree of the solenoid valve in the exhaust device's extraction channel from 10% to 30%, and cancels the adjustment value 5 minutes after the warning is lifted; Alert Level Warning: Issue an upgraded audible and visual warning, display a yellow warning light, and issue a voice prompt to construction personnel to pay attention to the warning. The opening degree of the solenoid valve in the exhaust device extraction channel is increased from 30% to 50%. The explosion-proof motor controlling the slag discharge device increases its speed by 20% to increase the slag discharge rate. The adjustment value is canceled 10 minutes after the warning is lifted. Alarm-level warning: Issues the highest level audible and visual warning, displays a red warning light, and issues a voice prompt to the construction personnel to handle the borehole, sends a stop drilling command to the drilling rig, increases the opening degree of the solenoid valve of the exhaust device extraction channel to 100%, and controls the explosion-proof motor of the slag discharge device to run at the rated maximum speed until the parameters return to normal or a work stoppage is implemented.

8. The borehole blowout prevention method based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 6, characterized in that, The nozzle risk level identification in step 4 is determined by the data processing unit of the response module based on the changing trend, mutation magnitude and causal relationship characteristics of multiple source parameters. If a single parameter is abnormal and does not reach the mutation threshold, the nozzle risk warning will not be triggered.

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