Low-temperature carbon furnace and furnace body transformation method

Abstract

The low-temperature carbon furnace comprises a furnace body, the furnace body is used for heating and smelting metal, the side edge of the furnace body is connected with a hanging bracket assembly, the side edge of the furnace body is provided with an adjustable drainage assembly, the adjustable drainage assembly comprises a base, a sliding way is arranged at the upper end of the base, and a sliding block is arranged in the sliding way; a turntable is arranged at the upper end of the sliding block and is in transmission connection with a first driving assembly, the upper end of the turntable is connected with the bottom end of a stand column, namely, the bottom end of the stand column is rotationally connected with the upper end face of the sliding block through the turntable, and the upper end of the stand column is connected with the bottom face of a drainage groove; the side wall of the sliding block is connected with the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod, and the impact of smelting materials on the furnace bottom is reduced by adjusting the blanking angle when the drainage groove is used for guiding materials, so that the furnace body is prevented from being damaged; the invention further discloses a furnace body transformation method, and the protection layer is additionally arranged in the furnace body to prevent the furnace body from being burnt through.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of low-temperature carbon furnace technology, specifically relating to a low-temperature carbon furnace and a method for modifying the furnace body. Background Technology

[0002] A low-temperature carbon furnace, also known as a vertical reduction furnace, is a smelting device that uses carbonaceous reducing agents (such as coke and coal) to reduce metal oxides into crude metals at a relatively "low" temperature. "Low temperature" is relative to blast furnaces in iron and steel metallurgy (where the furnace belly temperature can reach 1500-1700°C), and its operating temperature is usually between 800°C and 1350°C.

[0003] The problem encountered in the use of low-temperature carbon furnaces is that traditional fixed diversion channels are the conventional method for introducing molten metal or high-temperature slag into the furnace. However, because the outlet position of the diversion channel is fixed, the high-temperature molten material (such as molten metal or reducing slag) continuously and at high velocity impacts the same area of ​​the furnace wall or bottom under the action of gravity. The flowing and falling molten material exerts a strong mechanical scouring effect on the refractory material or furnace wall, constantly carrying away the softened material particles, forming pits or grooves. This can lead to rapid thinning and detachment of the local refractory layer of the furnace body, or even directly burn through the metal furnace shell, causing a safety accident of high-temperature molten material leakage. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes a low-temperature carbon furnace, which can reduce the impact of molten material on the furnace bottom by adjusting the material drop angle when guiding the material through the inlet channel, thereby preventing damage to the furnace body; in addition, it also proposes a furnace body modification method, which adds a protective layer to the furnace body to prevent the furnace body from burning through.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: On one hand, this application provides a low-temperature carbon furnace, including a furnace body for heating and smelting metal. A hanger assembly is connected to the side of the furnace body, and an adjustable flow guide assembly is provided on the side of the furnace body. The adjustable flow guide assembly includes a base, a slide rail is provided at the upper end of the base, a slider is provided in the slide rail, a turntable is provided at the upper end of the slider, the turntable is connected to a first drive assembly, the upper end of the turntable is connected to the bottom end of a column, that is, the bottom end of the column is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the slider through the turntable, the upper end of the column is connected to the bottom surface of the flow guide groove, the flow guide groove is inclined, the lower end of the flow guide groove extends above the furnace body opening, and the side wall of the slider is connected to the telescopic end of a hydraulic telescopic rod.

[0006] In one embodiment of this application, the hanger assembly includes a crossbeam with connecting rods at both ends. The two connecting rods are respectively connected to the outer wall of the furnace body. A hanging ring is provided at the upper end of the crossbeam for use with the hook of the suspension lifting device.

[0007] In one embodiment of this application, the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the side wall of the furnace body via a first rotating shaft, and a latch is provided on the upper edge of the furnace body, the latch being rotatably connected to the upper edge of the furnace body via a second rotating shaft.

[0008] In one embodiment of this application, the first rotating shaft is connected to a first motor for transmission, and the first motor drives the first rotating shaft, thereby causing the furnace body to deflect.

[0009] In one embodiment of this application, the drainage channel is detachably connected to the upper end of the column.

[0010] In one embodiment of this application, a limit rod is provided at the lower part of the lower end of the drainage channel, and the limit rod is a telescopic rod.

[0011] In one embodiment of this application, the first driving component includes a second motor, which is disposed in the mounting groove of the slider. The second motor is connected to a transmission gear, which meshes with a gear ring on the outer wall of the turntable. The second motor drives the transmission gear to rotate, thereby driving the turntable to rotate.

[0012] In one embodiment of this application, the bottom surface of the furnace body is provided with a support column.

[0013] In one embodiment of this application, a non-contact liquid level sensor is provided on the crossbeam of the hanger assembly.

[0014] On the other hand, this application provides a method for modifying the furnace body of a low-temperature carbon furnace, including: S1: Remove the residual slag and metal blocks from the furnace to expose the original furnace body steel plate, and check the furnace body for deformation or cracks.

[0015] S2: Magnesia bricks are laid evenly and flat on the bottom and inner wall of the furnace, with the bricks tightly fitted together and the gaps filled with refractory mortar to form a basic protective layer that is resistant to high temperature and corrosion.

[0016] S3: Control the hydraulic telescopic rod to push the diversion channel to the top of the furnace body so that the molten slag flows into the furnace. During the diversion process, control the outlet of the diversion channel to swing above the furnace opening to reduce the impact on the magnesia brick layer.

[0017] S4: When the slag is in a plastic state, use a vibrator to insert into the slag layer to compact it, remove air bubbles, and improve the density and overall strength of the slag layer. After vibration, allow the slag to cool and solidify naturally in the furnace to form a solid furnace lining protective layer.

[0018] S5: After cooling, check whether the furnace lining surface is flat, cracked or hollow, and repair the local holes with molten slag.

[0019] In summary, the technical solution proposed in this application has the following beneficial technical effects: The improvement of this application lies in that, through the adjustable diversion component, the outlet end of the diversion channel can move continuously in a two-dimensional plane above the furnace opening during the process of injecting material into the furnace. Specifically, the hydraulic telescopic rod drives the slider to move linearly within the slide rail, realizing the radial movement of the diversion channel outlet; simultaneously, the first drive component drives the turntable to rotate, causing the column and diversion channel to oscillate circumferentially. Through the combination of these two movements, the landing point of the high-temperature molten material in the furnace can change dynamically in real time, and be evenly distributed in different areas of the furnace bottom and furnace wall, rather than continuously impacting the same point. This dynamic material distribution method effectively solves the problems of severe local erosion and short furnace lining life caused by traditional fixed diversion channels. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a low-temperature carbon furnace provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a bottom view of a low-temperature carbon furnace provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a side view of a low-temperature carbon furnace provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged view of point A; Figure 5 This is a top view of a low-temperature carbon furnace provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: Furnace body 1, support column 11; Base 21, slide rail 22, slider 23, mounting groove 231, transmission gear 232, turntable 24, column 25, hydraulic telescopic rod 26; 3. Drainage channel; 31. Limiting rod; 41 for the crossbeam and 42 for the connecting rod; Lock 5. Detailed Implementation

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are described clearly and completely below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are also within the scope of protection of this application.

[0024] It should be noted that in the description of this application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0025] In this application, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of these terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0026] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0027] This embodiment provides a low-temperature carbon furnace and a furnace body modification method, see reference. Figures 1-5 As shown, the furnace includes a furnace body 1, which is used for heating and melting metal. A hanger assembly is connected to the side of the furnace body 1, and an adjustable flow guide assembly is provided on the side of the furnace body 1. The adjustable flow guide assembly includes a base 21, a slide rail 22 is provided on the upper end of the base 21, a slider 23 is provided in the slide rail 22, a turntable 24 is provided on the upper end of the slider 23, the turntable 24 is connected to the first drive assembly, the upper end of the turntable 24 is connected to the bottom end of the column 25, that is, the bottom end of the column 25 is rotatably connected to the upper end of the slider 23 through the turntable 24, the upper end of the column 25 is connected to the bottom surface of the flow guide trough 3, the flow guide trough 3 is inclined, the lower end of the flow guide trough 3 extends to the opening of the furnace body 1, and the side wall of the slider 23 is connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 26.

[0028] In the above embodiments, during actual use, a heating component, such as an electric heating wire or a graphite electrode heating rod, is installed on the furnace body 1. The heating component is connected to a temperature control component to control the heating temperature of the furnace body 1. For example, the distribution box controls the current and voltage supplied to the heating component to control the operating power of the heating component, thereby controlling the heating temperature of the furnace body 1. Optionally, a temperature detection device is installed inside the furnace body 1 to monitor the real-time temperature inside the furnace body 1. A hanging bracket assembly connected to the side of the furnace body 1 is used to hoist the furnace body 1, thereby improving the convenience of transporting the furnace body 1. Furthermore, an adjustable flow guide assembly is provided on the side of the furnace body 1. Specifically, a slide 22 is provided on the upper end of the base 21. The direction of the slide 22 is aligned with the center of the furnace body 1. A slider 23 is provided inside the slide 22. The slide 22 restricts the slider 23 to move only along the direction of the slide 22. The bottom end of the column 25 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the slider 23 via a turntable 24. The upper end of the column 25 is connected to the bottom surface of the inclined flow guide trough 3. The lower end of the flow guide trough 3, i.e., the outlet end, extends above the opening of the furnace body 1, and is used to guide the molten metal through the flow guide trough 3. Inside the furnace body 1, the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 is used to push the slider 23 to move towards or away from the center of the furnace body 1. The first drive assembly drives the turntable 24 to rotate, which in turn drives the column 25 to deflect. The column 25 drives the bottom end of the diversion channel 3 to deflect within the opening of the furnace body 1. This allows the discharge angle of the diversion channel 3 to be adjusted during the process of the molten metal flowing into the furnace body 1 through the diversion channel 3, so as to reduce the continuous impact of the molten metal material on the same position of the furnace bottom when it falls, and to prevent damage to the furnace body 1.

[0029] Furthermore, the slide 22 and slider 23, and the turntable 24 and drive assembly provide two degrees of freedom for the flow channel 3: Radial movement (linear motion): The hydraulic telescopic rod 26 pushes the slider 23 to move within the slide rail 22, thereby causing the entire column 25 and the diversion channel 3 to move linearly along the direction of the slide rail 22 (pointing towards or away from the center of the furnace body 1). This can adjust the radial distance of the diversion channel 3 outlet extending into the furnace opening.

[0030] Circumferential oscillation (rotational motion): The first drive component drives the turntable 24 to rotate, and the turntable 24 drives the column 25 and the diversion channel 3 on it to oscillate in a circular motion in the horizontal plane, which can adjust the angle position of the outlet of the diversion channel 3 in the furnace mouth plane.

[0031] By combining the two movements described above, the outlet end of the diversion channel 3 can move in a two-dimensional plane within the opening range of the furnace body 1. This allows the operator to dynamically change the landing point of the high-temperature molten material during the diversion process, so that it is no longer fixed at one point, and is evenly distributed to different areas inside the furnace.

[0032] Dynamic charging methods help distribute the charge more evenly within the furnace, improving heat conduction and the uniformity of the reducing atmosphere, and promoting effective separation of metal and slag. This positively impacts metal recovery and product quality. For example, during smelting, newly added molten metal can be guided away from areas of intense reaction or used to reheat areas with lower temperatures within the furnace.

[0033] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 2 As shown, the hanger assembly includes a crossbeam 41, with connecting rods 42 at both ends of the crossbeam 41. The two connecting rods 42 are respectively connected to the outer wall of the furnace body 1. A hanging ring is provided at the upper end of the crossbeam 41 for use with the hook of the suspension lifting device.

[0034] In the above embodiment, the crossbeam 41 serves as the top load-bearing component, and its two ends are connected to the side wall of the furnace body 1 via connecting rods 42, forming a "gate-type" hoisting structure. The hanging ring is set at the upper end of the crossbeam 41, serving as a direct connection point to the hook of the hoisting equipment (such as a crane or gantry crane), so that the hoisting force is evenly transmitted to the connecting rods 42 on both sides through the crossbeam 41, and then distributed to the side wall of the furnace body 1. This avoids the hoisting force being concentrated in a single part of the furnace body 1, and the double connecting rod 42 structure keeps the furnace body 1 balanced during hoisting. Compared with the local stress concentration caused by directly binding the furnace body 1 with slings, it is not easy to tilt or sway, thus improving the safety of hoisting operations.

[0035] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the connecting rod 42 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the furnace body 1 via a first rotating shaft, and a latch 5 is provided on the upper edge of the furnace body 1. The latch 5 is rotatably connected to the upper edge of the furnace body 1 via a second rotating shaft.

[0036] In the above embodiment, the connecting rod 42 is rotatably connected to the side wall of the furnace body 1 through the first rotating shaft, which allows the furnace body 1 to deflect between the two connecting rods 42 to pour the molten metal inside the furnace body 1. A latch 5 is provided on the upper edge of the furnace body 1. The latch 5 is rotatably connected to the upper edge of the furnace body 1 through the second rotating shaft. The latch 5 is a safety device with switchable states: when the latch 5 locks the connecting rod 42, the furnace body 1 is locked in a vertical position; when the latch 5 is released, the furnace body 1 can tilt freely to realize the pouring of the molten metal. In the non-tilting state (such as during hoisting, heating and smelting), the latch 5 keeps the furnace body 1 stable and vertical to prevent accidental tipping and safety accidents. When tilting, manual intervention is required to release the latch 5.

[0037] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 2 As shown, the first rotating shaft is connected to the first motor for transmission. The first motor drives the first rotating shaft, which in turn drives the furnace body 1 to deflect.

[0038] In the above embodiments, by connecting the first motor to the first rotating shaft, the rotational motion of the motor is transmitted to the first rotating shaft, thereby driving the furnace body 1 to swing around the rotating shaft, realizing the automation and mechanization of the tilting operation. The motor drive can achieve uniform and stable tilting action, avoiding the uneven speed or impact that may occur in manual operation, and reducing the risk of molten metal splashing.

[0039] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 1 As shown, the drainage channel 3 is detachably connected to the upper end of the column 25.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the diversion channel 3 and the column 25 are connected by a detachable method (such as bolt connection, slot connection, pin connection, etc.), which allows the diversion channel 3 to be quickly disassembled and replaced as needed. The diversion channel 3 is a component that directly contacts the high-temperature molten material and is subject to long-term thermal shock and erosion, making it a vulnerable part. The detachable design allows the diversion channel 3 to be quickly removed for repair or replaced with a new channel when it is worn, deformed or blocked, without affecting the entire diversion assembly, thus shortening the equipment downtime.

[0041] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 5 As shown, a limit rod 31 is provided at the lower end of the drainage channel 3, and the limit rod 31 is a telescopic rod.

[0042] In the above embodiment, when the flow is diverted from the flow channel 3 into the furnace body 1, the limiting rod 31 extends into the upper edge of the furnace body 1. When the lower end of the flow channel 3 deviates from the opening of the furnace body 1, the limiting rod 31 first touches the inner wall of the furnace body 1 to limit the range of the flow channel 3 at the offset of the lower end, so as to prevent the molten metal from spilling out of the furnace body 1. After the flow is diverted, the limiting rod 31 retracts and detaches from the upper edge of the furnace body 1. The limiting rod 31 can be implemented by a simple hydraulic cylinder, pneumatic cylinder or electric push rod to achieve the extension and retraction function.

[0043] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the rotary drive assembly includes a second motor, which is disposed in the mounting groove 231 of the slider 23. The second motor is connected to the transmission gear 232, which meshes with the gear ring on the outer wall of the turntable 24. The second motor drives the transmission gear 232 to rotate, thereby driving the turntable 24 to rotate.

[0044] In the above embodiment, a gear-ring gear meshing transmission is used to transmit the rotational motion of the motor to the turntable 24, driving the turntable 24 and its column 25 and the drainage groove 3 to rotate. The drive motor is set in the mounting groove 231 of the slider 23, making full use of the internal space of the slider 23 and avoiding interference or collision caused by the motor being exposed. This makes the overall structure simpler. With the help of a servo motor or stepper motor, the rotation angle, speed and acceleration and deceleration process can be controlled, which is convenient for realizing the swing trajectory (such as circular motion, reciprocating swing, etc.).

[0045] In one embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 2 As shown, the bottom surface of the furnace body 1 is provided with a support column 11.

[0046] In the above embodiment, the support column 11 separates the furnace body 1 from the ground when it is placed on the ground, preventing the high temperature of the furnace body 1 from damaging the ground. That is, the furnace body 1 has a very high overall temperature when it is working. If it is placed directly on an ordinary concrete ground, the high temperature will cause the water in the concrete to evaporate rapidly, the aggregate to expand and crack, and eventually damage the ground. The support column 11 raises the furnace body 1 and forms an air insulation layer between the furnace bottom and the ground, which blocks the conduction of heat.

[0047] In one embodiment of this application, a non-contact liquid level sensor is provided on the crossbeam 41 of the hanger assembly.

[0048] In the above embodiment, the liquid level sensor is installed on the crossbeam 41. For example, a non-contact sensor such as radar, laser or infrared is used, and it is positioned directly above the furnace opening. It can detect the liquid level of the molten metal in the furnace in real time and without contact, so as to prevent the molten metal in the furnace body 1 from overflowing.

[0049] A method for modifying the furnace body 1 of a low-temperature carbon furnace, comprising: S1: Remove the residual slag and metal blocks from the furnace to expose the original furnace body 1 steel plate, and check the furnace body 1 for deformation or cracks.

[0050] S2: Magnesia bricks are laid evenly and flat on the bottom and inner wall of the furnace, with the bricks tightly fitted together and the gaps filled with refractory mortar to form a basic protective layer that is resistant to high temperature and corrosion.

[0051] S3: Control the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 to push the diversion channel 3 to the top of the furnace body 1 so that the molten slag flows into the furnace. During the diversion process, control the outlet of the diversion channel 3 to swing above the opening of the furnace body 1 to reduce the impact on the magnesia brick layer.

[0052] S4: When the slag is in a plastic state, use a vibrator to insert into the slag layer to compact it, remove air bubbles, and improve the density and overall strength of the slag layer. After vibration, allow the slag to cool and solidify naturally in the furnace to form a solid furnace lining protective layer.

[0053] S5: After cooling, check whether the furnace lining surface is flat, cracked or hollow, and repair the local holes with molten slag.

[0054] Material preparation: Prepare sufficient magnesia bricks, smelting slag to be treated (containing metal and raw materials, which need to be pre-melted or heated to a fluid state), vibrators, and necessary protective tools.

[0055] Safety measures: Ensure good ventilation in furnace 1, and construction personnel should wear high-temperature resistant protective equipment.

[0056] Workers entered the furnace and used jackhammers and crowbars to remove the remaining old slag and solidified metal, exposing the intact furnace body 1 steel plate.

[0057] At the point where the furnace bottom and walls are in close contact with the steel plates, workers begin laying a layer of magnesia bricks. The bricks are laid in an alternating pattern, with gaps controlled to within 5mm, and then filled and smoothed with special refractory mortar to form a solid basic protective layer. The main function of this layer is heat insulation and to support the subsequent overall furnace lining.

[0058] The pre-melted high-magnesium slag (molten slag) is introduced into the inlet trough 3 of this equipment through the previous process. The operator starts the equipment, and the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 sends the inlet trough 3 to the top of the furnace mouth. Then the first drive component is activated, so that the inlet trough 3 slowly swings along a preset arc trajectory above the furnace mouth, and the high-temperature molten slag is evenly sprinkled into the furnace, gradually covering the furnace bottom and furnace wall, forming a slag layer of uniform thickness.

[0059] While the slag layer is not yet fully solidified and is in a plastic state, the operator uses an immersion vibrator to vibrate the slag layer in all directions. The high-frequency vibration of the vibrator causes the gas in the slag to be discharged, and the slag is filled more densely on the surface and corners of the brick layer. After the vibration is completed, the furnace lining is allowed to cool and solidify naturally inside the furnace.

[0060] After cooling, the furnace cover was opened for inspection. The furnace lining surface was smooth and flat with no visible cracks. For example, if a small pit was found in a corner, the operator would use a small amount of molten slag to locally pour and repair the pit, and then smooth it with a trowel.

[0061] Through dynamic flow diversion, the molten slag is evenly distributed on the furnace bottom and furnace wall, avoiding local accumulation or "cratering" caused by concentrated impact. Combined with the vibration process, the density and overall strength of the furnace lining are further improved. The furnace lining is tightly bonded to the matrix and has a dense structure, which can better resist the erosion of high-temperature melt and slag in the subsequent production process. Moreover, the waste slag generated in the production process or specially formulated slag-forming materials are used, realizing the reuse of residual resources in the slag and the remelting and recovery of effective components in the slag, thus improving the resource recovery efficiency.

[0062] In step S3, the dynamic material distribution function of the component is used to evenly spread the molten slag on the base protective layer, avoiding the problems of uneven slag accumulation or excessive local impact caused by fixed-point dumping in traditional methods. In the furnace body modification method, this dynamic function is used to lay the furnace lining, making the entire furnace lining material heat more evenly, and the protective layer structure formed after sintering is more uniform and denser. Subsequently, in step S4, the evenly spread slag layer is vibrated, which further improves the overall density and structural strength of the furnace lining. This method combines "dynamic flow" with "vibration molding" to form a seamless composite protective layer with strong erosion resistance in the furnace, improving the safety and service life of the furnace body.

[0063] In actual use of this application: The furnace body 1 is lifted to the working position by a crane using a lifting frame assembly and placed stably. The operator activates the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 through the control system, extending its telescopic end to push the slider 23 towards the furnace body 1 within the slide rail 22 of the base 21. At the same time, the column 25 connected to the slider 23 and the inclined diversion channel 3 also move towards the furnace opening until the lower end (outlet) of the diversion channel 3 is precisely positioned directly above the opening of the furnace body 1.

[0064] Dynamic flow diversion process: When the molten liquid from the previous process enters the flow diversion channel 3 of this invention through the flow channel, it begins to be injected into the furnace. Simultaneously, the first drive assembly is activated. The first drive assembly drives the turntable 24 to rotate, which in turn causes the column 25 and the flow diversion channel 3 to oscillate slowly and continuously in the horizontal plane. For example, the outlet of the flow diversion channel 3 moves in an arc above the furnace opening, allowing the high-temperature molten liquid to be evenly distributed within the furnace, rather than being concentrated at a single point.

[0065] Fine-tuning of the landing point: During the diversion process, if the operator finds that the material is piled up too high on one side of the furnace through the observation hole on the furnace wall, the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 can be finely adjusted manually or through the control system to make the slider 23 move slightly on the slide rail 22, thereby adjusting the radial position of the outlet of the diversion channel 3, optimizing the material distribution, and the landing point of the material is constantly changing, avoiding the concentration of heat and kinetic energy in a small area at the bottom of the furnace, and preventing the local refractory material from wearing out too quickly.

[0066] End of diversion: Once the diversion is complete, material supply stops. The control system drives the hydraulic telescopic rod 26 to retract, pulling the diversion channel 3 back to a standby position away from the furnace opening, facilitating furnace lid closure or other operations. Simultaneously, the first drive assembly also stops working, resetting the diversion channel 3.

[0067] Furthermore, the furnace body 1 of the low-temperature carbon furnace has a cylindrical structure with symmetrical connecting lugs welded to both sides of its upper part. The crossbeam 41 of the hanger assembly is made of I-beam steel, possessing sufficient bending strength. A connecting rod 42 is welded to each end of the crossbeam 41, and the lower end of the connecting rod 42 is fixedly connected to the connecting lug on the side wall of the furnace body 1 by bolts. A hanging ring is connected to the center of the upper end face of the crossbeam 41, and the inner diameter of the hanging ring is designed to fit the size of the factory's standard overhead crane hook. When the furnace body 1 needs to be transferred or hoisted into place, the crane operator hooks the hook into the hanging ring, and the entire furnace body 1 can be lifted smoothly.

[0068] Furthermore, a lug with bearing holes is welded to each of the upper sides of the furnace body 1. The lower end of the connecting rod 42 is inserted into the bearing hole of the lug via the first rotating shaft to achieve a rotatable connection. Near the connecting rod 42 on the upper edge of the furnace body 1, a latch 5 is installed via the second rotating shaft, and the front end of the latch 5 has a U-shaped slot.

[0069] Melting / Lifting Status: The operator rotates the latch 5 downwards so that its U-shaped slot engages with the rod body of the connecting rod 42. At this time, the furnace body 1 is fixed in a vertical position, and heating and melting or lifting and transportation can be carried out safely.

[0070] Discharge status: After smelting is completed, the operator (or through the lever mechanism) lifts the locking buckle 5 upwards to disengage the slot from the connecting rod 42. Then, the operator pushes the upper part of the furnace body 1, and the furnace body 1 tilts forward around the first rotating axis with the furnace opening facing downwards, and the high-temperature molten metal flows smoothly into the receiving bag.

[0071] Furthermore, one end of the first rotating shaft extends outside the lug and is equipped with a driven sprocket (or gear). The first motor is a three-phase asynchronous motor with a reducer, mounted on a bracket on the side wall of the furnace body 1. A drive sprocket is mounted on the motor output shaft. A chain connects the drive sprocket and the driven sprocket. When molten metal needs to be poured, the operator controls the first motor to start, driving the first rotating shaft to rotate via chain drive. The first rotating shaft causes the furnace body 1 to tilt slowly forward. After pouring is complete, the motor is controlled to rotate in the opposite direction, bringing the furnace body 1 back to the vertical position.

[0072] Furthermore, a horizontal connecting flange is welded to the upper end of the column 25, with multiple bolt holes on the flange face. A corresponding connecting flange is also welded to the bottom of the drainage channel 3. During installation, the drainage channel 3 is placed on the column 25, aligning the bolt holes of the upper and lower flanges, inserting high-strength bolts, and tightening the lock nuts to complete the fixing. When the drainage channel 3 needs to be replaced, simply unscrew the nuts, lift away the old channel, and replace it with the new channel.

[0073] Furthermore, a circular mounting groove 231 is opened on the upper part of the slider 23. The second motor is a servo motor with a worm gear reducer, which is embedded and fixed in the mounting groove 231. The output shaft of the second motor extends upward, and a small transmission gear 232 is installed at the shaft end. The turntable 24 has a disc-shaped structure with gear teeth machined on its outer circumference to form a gear ring. The turntable 24 is mounted on the upper end face of the slider 23 through a thrust bearing. After installation, the transmission gear 232 meshes tightly with the gear ring of the turntable 24. When the second motor starts, it drives the transmission gear 232 to rotate, which in turn drives the gear ring to rotate, thereby causing the entire turntable 24 and the column 25 and the guide channel 3 above it to rotate in the horizontal plane, realizing the circumferential adjustment of the material drop point.

[0074] Furthermore, the furnace body 1 has a flat bottom structure, with three or four support columns 11 made of I-beams welded to the bottom. The height of the support columns 11 is approximately 200-300mm. Reinforcing pads are welded to the bottom of the support columns 11 to increase the contact area with the ground and prevent damage to the ground. When the furnace body 1 is placed on the workshop floor via the lifting assembly, the support columns 11 first contact the ground, firmly supporting the furnace body 1. A clear gap is formed between the furnace bottom and the ground. This gap serves as both an air insulation layer and allows forklift forks to be inserted, facilitating ground handling.

[0075] Furthermore, on the crossbeam 41 of the hanger assembly, directly opposite the center of the furnace body 1, a radar level gauge (i.e., a non-contact level sensor) is installed via a bracket. The probe of the radar level gauge is vertically downward, aligned with the furnace opening. The radar level gauge is electrically connected to the PLC control system. During the feeding process, the radar level gauge continuously emits microwaves and receives reflected waves to calculate the liquid level height of the molten metal in the furnace in real time.

[0076] Optionally, this application also includes an electrical control system, which includes a PLC controller electrically connected to the control switch and rotary drive assembly of the hydraulic telescopic rod, and multiple sensors electrically connected to the PLC controller, which are installed on the furnace body and the diversion assembly to monitor the furnace status and the position of the diversion channel in real time. The PLC controller automatically controls the linear movement of the slider and the rotation of the turntable according to the signals fed back by the sensors, so as to realize the automated control of the diversion process. The sensor includes a temperature sensor, which is installed on the inner wall of the furnace body to monitor the temperature inside the furnace, and can be a high-temperature thermocouple. A displacement sensor, located on the side of the slide rail, is used to monitor the linear displacement of the slider. An angle sensor, located at the turntable, is used to monitor the rotation angle of the turntable; Flow sensor: An electromagnetic flow meter is used and installed at the outlet of the flow channel to monitor the outflow rate of the molten material in real time; The liquid level sensor is a non-contact sensor, which can be a radar or laser rangefinder sensor. It is installed on the crossbeam of the hanger assembly to monitor the liquid level of the molten metal in the furnace in a non-contact manner and prevent overflow accidents.

[0077] During the diversion process, the PLC controller first controls the extension of the hydraulic telescopic rod, pushing the slider towards the furnace body to send the diversion channel to the preset starting position above the furnace opening. Then, the second motor is started, causing the diversion channel to begin moving along the preset trajectory. Simultaneously, a flow sensor monitors the material flow rate in real time. If the flow rate is too high, the PLC controller automatically increases the moving speed of the diversion channel to make the material distribution more dispersed; if the flow rate is too low, the moving speed is slowed down to ensure uniform material thickness. The liquid level sensor monitors the liquid level inside the furnace in real time. When the liquid level approaches the upper limit, the PLC controller issues a warning signal and automatically slows down or stops the feeding to prevent overflow accidents.

[0078] In actual operation, the PLC controller first outputs a control signal to the proportional valve of the hydraulic telescopic rod, driving the slider to move uniformly towards the furnace body at a speed of 10 mm / s. The displacement sensor provides real-time feedback on the slider's position. When the outlet of the diversion channel reaches the preset starting point above the furnace opening (e.g., 200 mm from the center of the furnace opening), the hydraulic telescopic rod stops. The PLC controller starts the second motor, causing the drainage channel to move along a preset spiral trajectory, for example: a pitch of 50 mm, a maximum swing radius of 200 mm, and a rotation speed of 0.5 r / min. The flow sensor monitors the outflow rate of the molten material in real time. For example, if the target flow rate is set to 50 L / min, the PLC controller's built-in algorithm compares the actual flow rate with the set value. When the actual flow rate is >55 L / min (i.e., exceeding the set value by 110%), it is judged that the flow rate is too high. The PLC controller automatically increases the moving speed of the diversion channel from the basic value of 10 mm / s to 15 mm / s. At the same time, the rotation speed can be appropriately increased (e.g., increased to 0.7 r / min) to make the material distribution more dispersed and avoid local accumulation. When the actual flow rate is less than 45 L / min (i.e., less than 90% of the set value), it is judged that the flow rate is too small. The PLC controller will reduce the moving speed of the diversion channel to 5 mm / s and the rotation speed to 0.3 r / min to ensure that the material thickness is uniform. When the flow rate is in the range of 45~55 L / min, maintain the original rate; The liquid level sensor (radar level gauge) monitors the metal level inside the furnace in real time, with a range of 0~5 m and an accuracy of ±3 mm. A safety threshold can be set. When the liquid level reaches 90% of the effective volume of the furnace (e.g., a liquid level height of 4.5 m), the PLC controller triggers an early warning signal.

[0079] When the liquid level reaches 95% of the effective volume of the furnace (e.g., 4.75 m³), ​​the PLC controller automatically executes the safety interlock: immediately stops feeding (closes the upstream valve or stops the feed pump). When the total feed volume reaches the set value or a stop command is received, the PLC controller first stops the second motor, and then controls the hydraulic telescopic rod to retract the diversion channel to the standby position (more than 500 mm away from the furnace opening) at a speed of 15 mm / s.

[0080] Compared to manual operation and observation, which rely primarily on visual observation and experience and are prone to misjudgment in high-temperature, strong light, and dusty environments, manual operation lacks data recording, making it difficult to trace the cause of problems and providing data support for process improvement. With PLC control, key parameters such as temperature curves, flow data, liquid level changes, and the movement trajectory of the diversion channel are automatically recorded and stored for each operation. Engineers can perform offline analysis based on this data to continuously optimize PLC parameters and diversion trajectories (such as pitch and radius), thereby continuously improving control accuracy and furnace lining quality. This is beneficial for enhancing the safety and durability of the furnace body and also allows for process optimization.

[0081] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. A low-temperature carbon furnace, characterized in that, include: Furnace body (1), the furnace body (1) is used for heating and melting metal; An adjustable flow guide assembly is provided on the side of the furnace body (1) for introducing molten material into the furnace body (1). The adjustable drainage component includes: A base (21) on which a slide (22) is provided; The slider (23) is slidably disposed in the slide rail (22) and connected to the telescopic end of the hydraulic telescopic rod (26) to move linearly along the slide rail (22); A turntable (24) is rotatably mounted on the slider (23) and is connected to a rotary drive assembly. The rotary drive assembly includes a second motor disposed in the mounting slot (231) of the slider (23), the second motor being connected to a transmission gear (232), the transmission gear (232) meshing with a gear ring disposed on the outer wall of the turntable (24); The column (25) is fixedly connected at the bottom to the turntable (24) and at the top to the bottom of a diversion channel (3). The diversion channel (3) is set at an inclination and its lower end extends to the top of the furnace body (1). During the process of injecting molten material into the furnace body (1) through the diversion channel (3), the linear movement of the slider (23) and the rotation of the turntable (24) work together to drive the lower end of the diversion channel (3) to move continuously in a two-dimensional plane above the opening of the furnace body (1), so as to dynamically change the landing point of the molten material at the bottom of the furnace body (1) and avoid continuous impact on the same position at the bottom of the furnace.

2. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a hanger assembly, which includes a crossbeam (41) and connecting rods (42) at both ends thereon. The two connecting rods (42) are respectively connected to the outer wall of the furnace body (1), and a hanging ring is provided at the upper end of the crossbeam (41).

3. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting rod (42) is rotatably connected to the side wall of the furnace body (1) through the first rotating shaft. A latch (5) is provided on the upper edge of the furnace body (1). The latch (5) is rotatably connected to the upper edge of the furnace body (1) through the second rotating shaft.

4. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first rotating shaft is connected to the first motor for transmission. The first motor drives the first rotating shaft, which in turn drives the furnace body (1) to deflect.

5. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage channel (3) is detachably connected to the upper end of the column (25).

6. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower part of the diversion channel (3) is provided with a limit rod (31), which is a telescopic rod.

7. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the furnace body (1) is provided with a support column (11).

8. The low-temperature carbon furnace according to claim 2, characterized in that, A non-contact liquid level sensor is provided on the crossbeam (41) of the hanger assembly.

9. A method for modifying the furnace body of a low-temperature carbon furnace as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, include: S1: Remove the residual slag and metal blocks from the furnace to expose the original furnace body steel plate, and check the furnace body for deformation or cracks; S2: Lay magnesia bricks at the bottom and inside the furnace to form a basic protective layer; S3: Using the adjustable flow guide assembly, the molten slag is introduced into the furnace body (1), and during the flow guide process, the linear movement of the slider (23) and the rotation of the turntable (24) are used to control the outlet of the flow guide trough (3) to move continuously in a two-dimensional plane above the opening of the furnace body (1), so that the molten slag is evenly spread on the surface of the basic protective layer. S4: When the slag is in a plastic state, use a vibrator to insert into the slag layer to compact it, remove air bubbles, and improve the density and overall strength of the slag layer. After the vibration is completed, let the slag cool and solidify naturally in the furnace to form a solid furnace lining protective layer. S5: After cooling, check whether the furnace lining surface is flat, cracked or hollow, and repair the local holes with molten slag.

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