High-energy low-loss blasting control system and method for large-section tunnel
By acquiring drilling data from rock drilling rigs and conducting deviation and quality impact analysis, combined with model prediction, the problem of large prediction errors in large-section tunnel blasting was solved, enabling real-time early warning and adjustment, and improving blasting quality and safety.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHINA RAILWAY 17TH BUREAU GRP URBAN CONSTR CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies lack real-time data-driven intelligent early warning and analysis in large-section tunnel blasting, resulting in large prediction errors in blasting effect due to borehole deviation and rock mass inhomogeneity. It is difficult to achieve refined and personalized optimization of borehole parameters and charge quantity, and potential problems are often only discovered after blasting.
By acquiring real-time operating data and design data of the rock drilling rig during drilling, drilling deviation analysis and quality impact analysis are conducted. Combined with the Kuz-Ram model and Sadovsky formula, the fragmentation size and vibration impact are predicted to form a comprehensive prediction of blasting quality impact and timely early warning information is sent.
It improves the accuracy of blasting effect prediction, reduces the risk of large block rate and excessive vibration, ensures blasting quality, and provides real-time adjustment measures.
Smart Images
Figure CN122015596A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application belongs to the field of blasting control, specifically a high-energy, low-loss blasting control system and method for large-section tunnels. Background Technology
[0002] In blasting operations in geotechnical engineering such as mining and tunneling, the final blasting effect is influenced by a variety of factors. Current technology mainly relies on the experience of blasting designers to design the overall scheme and adjust subsequent schemes based on the results evaluation after blasting. This approach has the following significant drawbacks: 1. The actual location, depth, and angle of the borehole inevitably deviate from the design values. At the same time, the degree of joint development in the rock mass revealed by the borehole is unevenly distributed in space. Currently, these key feedforward information affecting the blasting effect have not been systematically collected, quantified, and incorporated into the blasting effect prediction model in real time, resulting in a large deviation between the prediction and the actual situation. 2. Existing technologies typically perform fragmentation size prediction and blasting vibration safety verification separately; this separate evaluation method makes it difficult to balance the fragmentation effect and safety risk at the single-hole level, and cannot achieve refined and personalized optimization of hole network parameters and charge amount. 3. In the existing process, the judgment of potential problems (such as the possibility that excessive drilling deviation in a certain area may lead to an increase in the proportion of large blocks or that the amount of explosive charge may cause excessive vibration) is often only discovered after blasting or even when problems occur; the entire decision-making process lacks forward-looking intelligent early warning and analysis support based on real-time data, making it difficult to achieve proactive control of blasting quality; in order to solve the problems raised in the background technology, this application designs a high-energy low-loss blasting control system and method for large-section tunnels. Summary of the Invention
[0003] To address the aforementioned technical shortcomings, this application proposes a high-energy, low-loss blasting control system and method for large-section tunnels.
[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This application provides a high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels, which includes the following specific steps: S1. Obtain real-time operating data of the rock drilling rig during drilling, design data of each borehole, and data on the charge status of a single borehole. S2. Analyze the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operation data of the rock drilling rig and the design data of each borehole. S3. Based on the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole and the data of the borehole cross section when drilling with the rock drilling rig, conduct an analysis of the impact on the quality of each borehole. S4. Based on the results of the quality impact analysis of each borehole, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data, predict and analyze the blasting situation of each borehole. S5. Based on the predictive analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, judge the blasting quality of each borehole and send the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing.
[0005] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S1 are as follows: S11. Real-time operation data of the drilling rig during drilling is obtained through borehole structure surface images, high-precision positioning system of the drilling rig, inertial measurement unit and tilt sensor. The real-time operation data of the drilling rig during drilling includes the number of borehole structure surface groups, the average spacing of each group of structure surfaces, the real-time deviation vector data of a single hole, the vector data of the hole opening center point, the measured borehole azimuth angle data, the tilt angle data, and the average distance between the hole center and the center of adjacent holes. S12. Obtain the design data of each borehole through the blasting design report. The design data of each borehole includes the single borehole load volume data, the borehole bottom design coordinate data, and the borehole depth design value data. S13. Obtain single-hole charge data through the blasting design specifications. The single-hole charge data includes the maximum charge amount per hole and the charge amount per hole.
[0006] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, S2 includes the following specific steps: Analyzing the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time deviation vector data of a single borehole during drilling by the rock drilling rig, the borehole center point vector data, the measured borehole azimuth angle data, the dip angle data, the borehole bottom design coordinate data, and the borehole depth design value data. The process for analyzing the deviation of each borehole is as follows: calculating the borehole deviation vector corresponding to each borehole during drilling by the rock drilling rig; converting the calculated borehole deviation vector into the modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector; dividing the modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector by the allowable deviation modulus to quantify the deviation of each borehole; and using the deviation of each borehole as the analysis result. The calculation process for the borehole deviation vector corresponding to each borehole during drilling by the rock drilling rig is as follows: ,in, Let be the borehole deviation vector corresponding to the i-th borehole, where i is the borehole number (from 1 to N), and N is the maximum value of the borehole number. Let be the coordinates of the center point of the bottom of the i-th borehole, where , and These are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the center point at the bottom of the i-th borehole, respectively. , This represents the measured X-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. This represents the design value for the hole depth corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the drilling inclination angle of the drilling rig corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the drilling azimuth angle of the drilling rig corresponding to the i-th borehole, where sin is the sine function and cos is the cosine function. , This represents the measured Y-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. , This represents the measured Z-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let i be the design coordinates of the bottom of the hole corresponding to the i-th borehole. , and These are the X, Y, and Z axis coordinates of the bottom of the i-th borehole, respectively.
[0007] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S3 are as follows: Obtain the analysis results of borehole deviations, the number of borehole structural face groups during drilling with the drilling rig, and the average spacing data of each group of structural faces; calculate the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole based on the number of borehole structural face groups and the average spacing data of each group of structural faces during drilling with the drilling rig; divide the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole by the reference number of volume joints to quantify the rock mass fragmentation degree corresponding to each borehole; and weight and sum the rock mass fragmentation degree and deviation analysis results corresponding to each borehole to obtain the quality impact analysis results of each borehole. The formula for calculating the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole is: ,in, Let be the average spacing of the joint surfaces in the j-th group of the i-th borehole, where j is the number corresponding to the average spacing of each group of structural surfaces, and j can be any one of 1 to M. M is the maximum value of the number corresponding to the average spacing of each group of joint surfaces.
[0008] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S4 are as follows: S41. The predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole are obtained from the single-hole load volume data and single-hole charge data. S42. The prediction and analysis results of the impact of blasting vibration on each borehole are obtained from the data of the maximum charge amount per hole and the average distance between the center of the hole and the center of adjacent holes. S43. Based on the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole, the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact, and the quality impact analysis results, a predictive analysis of the blasting quality impact of each borehole is conducted.
[0009] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S41 are as follows: Based on the single-hole load volume data and single-hole charge data, a predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of each borehole is performed. The calculation formula for the predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of the i-th borehole is: , Let i be the single-hole load volume corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let A be the single-hole charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole, and A be the rock coefficient corresponding to the borehole. The average block size of the rock in a single borehole is used as a reference.
[0010] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S42 are as follows: Based on the maximum charge amount data for a single hole and the average distance data between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes, a predictive analysis of the blasting vibration impact of each borehole is performed. The formula for predicting the blasting vibration impact of the i-th borehole is: , This represents the maximum charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the average distance between the center of the i-th borehole and the centers of its adjacent boreholes. To allow for the vibration velocity of the vibration wave, b is the attenuation exponent, and K is the medium transmission efficiency.
[0011] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S43 are as follows: obtaining the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size, the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact, and the quality impact analysis results for each borehole; weighting and summing the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size and the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact for each borehole to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole; and multiplying the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole with the quality impact analysis results to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality impact for each borehole.
[0012] It should be noted that, as a preferred technical solution for high-energy, low-loss blasting control methods for large-section tunnels, the specific steps of S5 are as follows: obtaining the blasting quality impact prediction analysis results for each borehole, comparing the blasting quality impact prediction analysis results for each borehole with the set blasting quality impact prediction analysis result threshold, and determining that the borehole blasting quality is unqualified if the blasting quality is greater than or equal to the set blasting quality impact prediction analysis result threshold, and determining that the borehole blasting quality is qualified if the blasting quality is less than the set blasting quality impact prediction analysis result threshold.
[0013] The high-energy, low-loss blasting control system for large-section tunnels is based on the aforementioned high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels. Specifically, it includes a blasting analysis data acquisition module, a borehole deviation analysis module, a borehole quality impact analysis module, a borehole blasting situation prediction module, and a borehole blasting quality judgment module. The blasting analysis data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the drilling rig during drilling, design data of each borehole, and single-hole charge data. The drilling deviation analysis module is used to analyze the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operation data of the rock drilling rig and the design data of each borehole. The borehole quality impact analysis module is used to perform quality impact analysis on each borehole based on the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole and the borehole cross-section data when drilling with the rock drilling rig. The borehole blasting prediction module is used to predict and analyze the blasting situation of each borehole based on the results of the quality impact analysis of each borehole, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data. The borehole blasting quality judgment module is used to judge the blasting quality of each borehole based on the prediction and analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, and send the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: The present invention acquires real-time operating data of the drilling rig, design data of each borehole, and single-hole charge data during drilling; analyzes the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operating data of the drilling rig and the design data of each borehole; analyzes the impact of each borehole on quality based on the results of the borehole deviation analysis and the borehole cross-section data during drilling; predicts and analyzes the blasting situation of each borehole based on the results of the borehole quality impact analysis, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data; judges the blasting quality of each borehole based on the results of the predictive analysis of the blasting quality impact of each borehole, and sends the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing; through precise analysis of borehole geometric deviation and in-situ quantification of rock mass fragmentation, the two dynamic factors of construction error and geological heterogeneity are combined. The dynamic variables are transformed into unified quantitative indicators of quality impact, improving the input dimensions and accuracy of the blasting effect prediction model. By integrating the Kuz-Ram model for dynamic block size prediction of single holes and the Sadovsky formula for vibration impact prediction, two quantitative parameters, expected effect and safety constraint, are output in parallel at the dimension of a single borehole. The results of single hole quality impact, fragmentation effect prediction and safety prediction are comprehensively analyzed to form a comprehensive blasting quality impact prediction analysis result. At the same time, based on the blasting quality impact prediction analysis result, the blasting quality of each borehole is automatically judged and early warning information is sent to relevant personnel in a timely manner, so that on-site personnel have sufficient time to take remedial measures such as adjusting the charge amount, modifying the detonation sequence, and filling holes, thereby ensuring the overall blasting quality and reducing risks such as large block rate, foundation, and excessive vibration. Attached Figure Description
[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall process of the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels in this application.
[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of step S4 of the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels in this application.
[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall framework of the high-energy, low-loss blasting control system for large-section tunnels used in this application.
[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of obtaining the results of the borehole quality impact analysis for the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels in this application.
[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of obtaining the prediction and analysis results of blasting conditions in each borehole for the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels, as described in this application. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To better understand this application, various aspects of this application will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0021] To address the technical problems raised in the background art, this application provides a preferred embodiment: The specific content of this embodiment is as follows: like Figure 1 As shown, the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels includes the following specific steps: S1. Obtain real-time operating data of the rock drilling rig during drilling, design data of each borehole, and data on the charge status of a single borehole. In this embodiment, the specific steps of S1 are as follows: S11. Real-time operating data of the drilling rig during drilling includes data on the number of drilling structure facets, the average spacing of each group of structure facets, real-time deviation vector data for a single hole, vector data of the hole opening center point, measured drilling azimuth angle data, inclination angle data, and average distance data between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes. The data on the number of drilling structure facets and the average spacing of each group of structure facets are obtained by image processing of the drilling structure facet images. The real-time deviation vector data, hole opening center point vector data, measured drilling azimuth angle data, inclination angle data, and average distance data between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes are obtained by the high-precision positioning system, inertial measurement unit, and inclination sensor of the drilling rig. S12. The design data for each borehole includes single borehole load volume data, borehole bottom design coordinate data, and borehole depth design value data. The single borehole load volume data, borehole bottom design coordinate data, and borehole depth design value data are obtained through the blasting design report. S13. Single-hole charge data includes the maximum charge amount per hole and the total charge amount per hole, which are obtained from the blasting design specifications. S2. Analyze the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operation data of the rock drilling rig and the design data of each borehole. In this embodiment, S2 includes the following specific steps: Analyzing the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time deviation vector data of a single hole during drilling with the rock drilling rig, the borehole center point vector data, the measured borehole azimuth data, inclination data, borehole bottom design coordinate data, and borehole depth design value data. The analysis process for each borehole deviation is as follows: calculating the borehole deviation vector corresponding to each borehole during drilling with the rock drilling rig; converting the calculated borehole deviation vector into a modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector; dividing the modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector by the allowable deviation modulus to quantify the borehole deviation; and using the borehole deviation as the analysis result. The calculation process for the borehole deviation vector corresponding to each borehole during drilling with the rock drilling rig is as follows: ,in, Let be the borehole deviation vector corresponding to the i-th borehole, where i is the borehole number (from 1 to N), and N is the maximum value of the borehole number. Let be the coordinates of the center point of the bottom of the i-th borehole, where , and These are the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the center point at the bottom of the i-th borehole, respectively. , This represents the measured X-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. This represents the design value for the hole depth corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the drilling inclination angle of the drilling rig corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the drilling azimuth angle of the drilling rig corresponding to the i-th borehole, where sin is the sine function and cos is the cosine function. , This represents the measured Y-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. , This represents the measured Z-axis coordinate value of the borehole corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let i be the design coordinates of the bottom of the hole corresponding to the i-th borehole. , and These are the X, Y, and Z axis coordinates of the bottom of the i-th borehole, respectively. It should be noted that the borehole deviation vector is converted into a modulus to represent the magnitude of the deviation. The meaning is that the borehole deviation vector = actual coordinates at the bottom of the hole - design coordinates at the bottom of the hole. The borehole deviation vector is converted from the actual measurement data in the borehole using polar coordinates. The rock drilling rig has its own local coordinate system (usually with the boom hinge point or a point on the machine body as the origin), while the borehole position in the design drawings is in a global coordinate system. A unified coordinate system is needed, and trigonometric functions are used to perform this spatial vector conversion. In the coordinate system, the Y-axis corresponds to the left-right direction of the tunnel cross-section, and the Z-axis corresponds to the vertical direction. The azimuth angle of the borehole is analyzed because it directly represents the projection direction of the borehole onto the horizontal plane. The inclination angle of the borehole is analyzed because it directly determines the pitch angle. The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle, ranging from 0-360°, and the inclination angle is the angle with the vertical direction, ranging from 0-180°. Analyzing the borehole deviation reflects the positioning accuracy of the rock drilling rig during operation. When dealing with the inclination angle (i.e., the pitch of the drill rod), the hole depth is the hypotenuse of a vertical triangle. The calculation is for the projected length of the drill pipe on the horizontal plane. The calculation measures the vertical projected length of the drill pipe, where the inclination angle is the angle between the drill pipe and the vertical Z-axis. When dealing with the azimuth angle, the horizontal projected length is... It's the hypotenuse, so it needs to be decomposed into the X-axis (the forward direction) and Y-axis (the left-right direction). The calculation focuses on the X-axis component of the horizontal projection length. The azimuth angle is the angle between the horizontal projection and the positive X-axis. The relationship between the adjacent side (the X-axis component) and the hypotenuse (the horizontal projection) is as follows: , The relationship between the midside (Y-axis component) and the hypotenuse (horizontal projection) is: Similarly, it can be explained .
[0022] S3. Based on the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole and the data of the borehole cross section when drilling with the rock drilling rig, conduct an analysis of the impact on the quality of each borehole. like Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific steps of S3 are as follows: Obtain the analysis results of the borehole deviation, the number of borehole structural face groups during drilling with the rock drilling rig, and the average spacing data of each group of structural faces; calculate the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole based on the number of borehole structural face groups and the average spacing data of each group of structural faces during drilling with the rock drilling rig; divide the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole by the reference number of volume joints to quantify the rock mass fragmentation degree corresponding to each borehole; and weight and sum the rock mass fragmentation degree and deviation analysis results corresponding to each borehole to obtain the quality impact analysis results of each borehole. The formula for calculating the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole is: ,in, Let be the average spacing of the j-th group of joint surfaces in the i-th borehole, where j is the number corresponding to the average spacing of each group of structural surfaces, and j can be any value from 1 to M, where M is the maximum value of the number corresponding to the average spacing of each group of joint surfaces. It should be noted that in this step, the volumetric joint number represents the total number of structural surfaces contained in the borehole rock mass. When grouping structural surfaces within the borehole, structural surfaces with similar orientations are grouped together. For each group of structural surfaces, the spacing of multiple structural surfaces needs to be measured to obtain the average spacing of that group. Adding the reciprocals of the average intervals of each group gives the result. ; The larger the value, the more severe the rock mass fragmentation. By analyzing the number of structural surfaces in each borehole, the density of structural surfaces in each borehole section is directly reflected. At the same time, the comprehensive influence of multiple sets of structural surfaces is also taken into account, which improves the accuracy of the analysis results of the quality influence of each borehole.
[0023] S4. Based on the results of the quality impact analysis of each borehole, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data, predict and analyze the blasting situation of each borehole. like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the specific steps of S4 are as follows: S41. The predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole are obtained from the single-hole load volume data and single-hole charge data. In this embodiment, the specific step of S41 is as follows: A predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of each borehole is performed based on the single-hole load volume data and the single-hole charge amount data. The calculation formula for the predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of the i-th borehole is: , Let i be the single-hole load volume corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let A be the single-hole charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole, and A be the rock coefficient corresponding to the borehole. To reference the average block size of the rock bearing a single hole, it should be noted that in this formula... Partial (Kuz-Rahm model, used to predict rock block size distribution in blasting engineering) results represent the average block size of the load rock corresponding to the i-th borehole. The meaning is the volume of rock borne by a unit charge. 0.8 is an empirical index, which is derived by statistical fitting of a large amount of blasting data. The index is less than 1 because there is a diminishing return effect in improving the fragmentation effect by increasing the charge. This represents the scale effect of the charge quantity. The square root of (the linear scale of the explosive) is obtained through similarity laws and statistical analysis of the fragmentation process, under the same conditions. Below, a larger-scale explosion (i.e. Larger rock masses tend to produce larger average fragment sizes because stress waves travel longer distances and attenuate more energy. Therefore, under the same conditions, smaller predicted fragment sizes lead to better final quality predictions. By integrating the single-hole load volume and charge amount with the Kuz-Rahm model, the expected average rock fragment size generated by the borehole is obtained, thus providing a predictive analysis of fragment size for each borehole. This allows the final blasting analysis to simultaneously consider both the desired blasting effect and actual risks (i.e., borehole deviation, rock mass defects, and high vibration). The average fragment size of the reference single-hole load rock is obtained by using the average fragment size of the same rock from historical blasting operations. The rock coefficient A reflects the influence of the rock's inherent properties (e.g., toughness, brittleness, crystal structure, natural joints, etc.) on the ease of fragmentation. Brittle rocks have a small A value and are easily broken; ductile rocks have a large A value and are more difficult to break (see Table 1). Table 1
[0024] S42. The prediction and analysis results of the impact of blasting vibration on each borehole are obtained from the data of the maximum charge amount per hole and the average distance between the center of the hole and the center of adjacent holes. In this embodiment, the specific steps of S42 are as follows: Based on the maximum charge amount data for a single hole and the average distance data between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes, a predictive analysis of the impact of blasting vibration on each borehole is performed. The formula for predicting the impact of blasting vibration on the i-th borehole is: , This represents the maximum charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the average distance between the center of the i-th borehole and the centers of its adjacent boreholes. To allow for the vibrational wave velocity, b is the attenuation exponent, and K is the medium transmission efficiency; it should be noted that in this formula... Partly derived from the Sadovsky formula, this method is used in blasting engineering to predict blasting vibration velocities. It converts charge amount and distance into quantifiable vibration impact prediction results. These prediction results are used in a comprehensive analysis of negative factors affecting blasting predictions, and together with the fragmentation effect and borehole quality, determine the final blasting quality. By directly applying the Sadovsky formula, substituting the maximum charge amount per hole and the average distance between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes, the peak particle vibration velocity generated in the adjacent area during the blasting of that borehole is output. In this formula... The reason for this design is that the explosive detonates in a near-spherical shape within the rock, and the shockwave propagates outward from the detonation center, with the affected area being approximately equal to the radius of the explosive charge (i.e., the radius of the detonation charge). It is directly proportional to, that is Essentially, it is the ratio of the equivalent blast radius to the distance; the medium transmission efficiency K represents the proportion of explosive energy converted into vibrational energy and the medium's efficiency in transmitting vibration (for example, granite has high wave impedance and high vibration transmission efficiency, with K values reaching 300-700); the attenuation index b reflects the medium's ability to absorb vibrational energy. In rock masses with high homogeneity and integrity, vibrations travel further, and the b value is small, approximately 1.3-1.6; in this formula... The results reflect the peak vibration velocity of the shock waves generated by the explosion. The higher the velocity, the greater the kinetic energy, the greater the stress exerted on the rock mass structure, and the higher the risk of damage.
[0025] S43. Based on the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole, the predictive analysis results of the impact of blasting vibration, and the analysis results of the impact of quality, a predictive analysis of the blasting quality impact of each borehole is conducted. like Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the specific steps of S43 are as follows: obtaining the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size, the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact, and the quality impact analysis results for each borehole; weighting and summing the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size and the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact for each borehole to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole; and multiplying the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole with the quality impact analysis results to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality impact for each borehole. It should be noted that weighting and summing the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size and the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact for each borehole allows for a flexible balance between fragmentation effect and safe vibration. The emphasis can be adjusted according to the specific needs of the project. Multiplication amplifies the predictive effect when the borehole quality is good and attenuates the predictive effect when the borehole quality is poor.
[0026] S5. Based on the prediction and analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, judge the blasting quality of each borehole and send the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing. In this embodiment, the specific steps of S5 are as follows: Obtain the predictive analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality; compare these results with a set threshold for predicting the impact of each borehole blasting quality; if the predictive analysis results are greater than or equal to the set threshold, the borehole blasting quality is deemed unqualified; if the predictive analysis results are less than the set threshold, the borehole blasting quality is deemed qualified. It should be noted that the predictive analysis results of each borehole blasting quality are the decision points for transforming data into action, and the threshold for predicting the impact of each borehole blasting quality can be adjusted according to project requirements, safety standards, or historical data; this forms a complete closed loop of monitoring-prediction-judgment-early warning, improving the success rate of a single blast. Based on the above implementation details, this embodiment has the following advantages over the prior art: This embodiment acquires real-time operating data of the drilling rig, borehole design data, and single-hole charge data; it analyzes the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operating data of the drilling rig and the borehole design data; it analyzes the impact of each borehole's deviation on the quality based on the results of the borehole deviation analysis and the borehole cross-section data during drilling; it predicts the blasting situation of each borehole based on the results of the borehole quality impact analysis, the borehole design data, and the single-hole charge data; it judges the blasting quality of each borehole based on the results of the blasting quality impact prediction analysis and sends the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing; through precise analysis of borehole geometric deviations and in-situ quantification of rock mass fragmentation, it integrates construction errors with geological heterogeneity. These two dynamic variables are transformed into a unified quantitative index of quality impact, improving the input dimensionality and accuracy of the blasting effect prediction model. By integrating the Kuz-Ram model for dynamic block size prediction of a single borehole and the Sadovsky formula for vibration impact prediction, two quantitative parameters, expected effect and safety constraint, are output in parallel at the dimension of a single borehole. The results of single-hole quality impact, fragmentation effect prediction, and safety prediction are comprehensively analyzed to form a comprehensive blasting quality impact prediction analysis result. At the same time, based on the blasting quality impact prediction analysis result, the blasting quality of each borehole is automatically judged, and early warning information is sent to relevant personnel in a timely manner. This allows on-site personnel sufficient time to take remedial measures such as adjusting the charge amount, modifying the detonation sequence, and filling holes, thereby ensuring the overall blasting quality and reducing risks such as large block rate, foundation, and excessive vibration.
[0027] like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment also provides a high-energy, low-loss blasting control system for large-section tunnels, which is based on the aforementioned high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels. Specifically, it includes a blasting analysis data acquisition module, a borehole deviation analysis module, a borehole quality impact analysis module, a borehole blasting prediction module, and a borehole blasting quality judgment module. The blasting analysis data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the drilling rig during drilling, design data for each borehole, and single-hole charge data. The borehole deviation analysis module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the drilling rig during drilling. The system analyzes the deviation of each borehole based on the design data; the borehole quality impact analysis module analyzes the impact of each borehole's deviation on the quality of each borehole based on the results of the borehole deviation analysis and the borehole cross-section data during drilling with the rock drilling rig; the borehole blasting prediction module predicts the blasting conditions of each borehole based on the results of the borehole quality impact analysis, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data; and the borehole blasting quality judgment module judges the blasting quality of each borehole based on the predicted analysis results of the borehole blasting quality impact and sends the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing.
[0028] The specific steps for each unit module in the high-energy, low-loss blasting control system for large-section tunnels described above to achieve their respective functions can be found in the embodiments of the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels described above, and will not be repeated here.
[0029] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and an explanation of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of this application is not limited to technical solutions formed by specific combinations of the above-described technical features, but should also cover other technical solutions formed by arbitrary combinations of the above-described technical features or their equivalents without departing from the foregoing application concept. For example, technical solutions formed by substituting the above-described features with (but not limited to) technical features with similar functions claimed in this application.
Claims
1. A high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels, characterized in that, include: S1. Obtain real-time operating data of the rock drilling rig during drilling, design data of each borehole, and data on the charge status of a single borehole. S2. Analyze the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operation data of the rock drilling rig and the design data of each borehole. S3. Based on the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole and the data of the borehole cross section when drilling with the rock drilling rig, conduct an analysis of the impact on the quality of each borehole. S4. Based on the results of the quality impact analysis of each borehole, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data, predict and analyze the blasting situation of each borehole. S5. Based on the predictive analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, judge the blasting quality of each borehole and send the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing.
2. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes the following specific steps: Analyzing the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time deviation vector data of a single hole during drilling by the rock drilling rig, the vector data of the borehole center point, the measured borehole azimuth angle data, the inclination angle data, the borehole bottom design coordinate data, and the borehole depth design value data. The process of analyzing the deviation of each borehole is as follows: Calculating the borehole deviation vector corresponding to each borehole during drilling by the rock drilling rig; converting the calculated borehole deviation vector into the modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector; dividing the modulus corresponding to each borehole deviation vector by the allowable deviation modulus to quantify the deviation of each borehole; and using the deviation of each borehole as the analysis result of the deviation of each borehole.
3. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The specific steps of S3 are as follows: obtain the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole, the data of the number of borehole structural surfaces during drilling by the rock drilling rig, and the average spacing data of each group of structural surfaces; calculate the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole based on the data of the number of borehole structural surfaces during drilling by the rock drilling rig and the average spacing data of each group of structural surfaces; divide the number of volume joints corresponding to each borehole by the reference number of volume joints to quantify the degree of rock mass fragmentation corresponding to each borehole; and add the weighted results of the analysis of the degree of rock mass fragmentation and the deviation of each borehole to obtain the quality impact analysis results of each borehole.
4. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The specific steps of S4 are as follows: S41. The predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole are obtained from the single-hole load volume data and single-hole charge data. S42. The prediction and analysis results of the impact of blasting vibration on each borehole are obtained from the data of the maximum charge amount per hole and the average distance between the center of the hole and the center of adjacent holes. S43. Based on the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size of each borehole, the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact, and the quality impact analysis results, a predictive analysis of the blasting quality impact of each borehole is conducted.
5. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The specific steps of S41 are as follows: Based on the single-hole load volume data and single-hole charge data, perform a predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of each borehole. The calculation formula for the predictive analysis of the fragmentation size of the i-th borehole is: , Let i be the single-hole load volume corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let A be the single-hole charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole, and A be the rock coefficient corresponding to the borehole. The average block size of the rock in a single borehole is used as a reference.
6. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The specific steps of S42 are as follows: Based on the maximum charge amount per hole and the average distance between the hole center and the centers of adjacent holes, a predictive analysis of the impact of blasting vibration on each borehole is performed. The formula for predicting the impact of blasting vibration on the i-th borehole is: , This represents the maximum charge amount corresponding to the i-th borehole. Let be the average distance between the center of the i-th borehole and the centers of its adjacent boreholes. To allow for the vibration velocity of the vibration wave, b is the attenuation exponent, and K is the medium transmission efficiency.
7. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The specific steps of S43 are as follows: obtain the predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size, the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact, and the quality impact analysis results for each borehole; add the weighted predictive analysis results of the fragmentation size and the predictive analysis results of the blasting vibration impact for each borehole to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole; and multiply the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality for each borehole by the quality impact analysis results to obtain the predictive analysis results of the blasting quality impact for each borehole.
8. The high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The specific steps of S5 are as follows: obtain the prediction and analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, compare the prediction and analysis results of each borehole blasting quality with the set threshold for the prediction and analysis results of the blasting quality. If the prediction and analysis results of the borehole blasting quality are greater than or equal to the set threshold for the prediction and analysis results of the blasting quality, the borehole blasting quality is determined to be unqualified. If the prediction and analysis results of the borehole blasting quality are less than the set threshold for the prediction and analysis results of the blasting quality, the borehole blasting quality is determined to be qualified.
9. A high-energy, low-loss blasting control system for large-section tunnels, implemented based on the high-energy, low-loss blasting control method for large-section tunnels according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Specifically, it includes a blasting analysis data acquisition module, a borehole deviation analysis module, a borehole quality impact analysis module, a borehole blasting situation prediction module, and a borehole blasting quality judgment module. The blasting analysis data acquisition module is used to acquire real-time operating data of the rock drilling rig during drilling, design data of each borehole, and single-hole charge data. The drilling deviation analysis module is used to analyze the deviation of each borehole based on the real-time operation data of the rock drilling rig and the design data of each borehole. The borehole quality impact analysis module is used to perform quality impact analysis on each borehole based on the analysis results of the deviation of each borehole and the borehole cross-section data when drilling with the rock drilling rig. The borehole blasting prediction module is used to predict and analyze the blasting situation of each borehole based on the results of the quality impact analysis of each borehole, the design data of each borehole, and the single-hole charge data. The borehole blasting quality judgment module is used to judge the blasting quality of each borehole based on the prediction and analysis results of the impact of each borehole blasting quality, and send the judgment results to relevant personnel for processing.