Photovoltaic module frame and connecting piece optimization method and system based on strength test

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation engineering structure test and optimization, and provides a photovoltaic module frame and connecting piece optimization method and system based on a strength test, and the method comprises the steps: fixing two ends of a frame through a preset tensile test upper clamp, fixing a purline through a preset tensile test lower clamp, and carrying out a tensile test; through the action of a preset shear test upper clamp on the frame, the purline is fixed by the frame through a shear test lower clamp, and a shear test is carried out; according to the tensile measurement rigidity, the temperature correction coefficient and the pre-tightening force attenuation coefficient, correcting to obtain the tensile equivalent rigidity under the actual working condition; correcting to obtain the shear equivalent stiffness under the actual working condition through the linear section slope and the environment friction correction coefficient; the difference between the environment such as temperature and the actual working condition environment of photovoltaic module service is considered, module optimization is performed through the actual working condition tensile equivalent stiffness and the actual working condition shear equivalent stiffness obtained through correction, and the photovoltaic module optimization effect is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic power generation engineering structure testing and optimization technology, and particularly relates to a method and system for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength testing. Background Technology

[0002] In photovoltaic modules, the nodes formed by the frame, bolts, and purlins are critical force transmission paths, and under wind suction, these nodes experience vertical pull-out effects. Under lateral winds or gusts, the aerodynamic forces on the module surface create a horizontal component within the plane containing the module and purlins, causing the nodes to tend towards shearing and relative slippage. To improve the stability of the frame-purlin connection, testing is typically used for verification.

[0003] Indoor or fixed-location testing environments differ significantly from the actual operating conditions of photovoltaic modules, leading to discrepancies between traditional verification data and real-world module performance, resulting in poor optimization outcomes. Furthermore, current testing equipment and methods for node testing cannot effectively clamp the frame and purlins, requiring significant simplification of the connection details between the module frame, bolts, and C-shaped purlins. This fails to reflect complex boundary conditions such as bolt pre-tightening, hole edge bearing pressure, and frame-purlin contact surface friction, and insufficient attention is paid to localized stress concentrations at nodes, further impacting module optimization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention proposes a method and system for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests. This invention corrects the tensile equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions using tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; it also corrects the shear equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions using the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. Considering the difference between environmental conditions such as temperature and the actual operating conditions of the photovoltaic module, the invention optimizes the module using the corrected tensile equivalent stiffness and shear equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions, ensuring the optimization effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests, using specimens including frames, purlins, and bolts; the method includes: The tensile test is conducted by fixing the two ends of the frame with the pre-set upper tensile test fixture and fixing the purlin with the pre-set lower tensile test fixture to determine the tensile stiffness of the connecting bolt. By using the pre-set shear test upper fixture to act on the frame, and the frame fixing the purlin through the shear test lower fixture, a shear test is conducted to determine the slope of the linear segment of the connecting bolt; The tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions is obtained by correcting the tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; the shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions is obtained by correcting the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. The specimen was optimized based on the tensile equivalent stiffness and shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions.

[0006] Furthermore, the actual working condition tensile equivalent stiffness for: ; ; in, For tensile measurement of stiffness; This is a temperature correction factor; This is the preload attenuation coefficient; The target operating condition is the extreme temperature. This is the measured temperature; This is the structural sensitivity coefficient caused by the difference in thermal expansion of the metal.

[0007] Furthermore, the actual working condition shear equivalent stiffness for: ; in, The slope of the linear segment measured in the experiment. This represents the vertical load increment; This represents the vertical displacement increment; This is the environmental friction correction factor.

[0008] Furthermore, if the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is less than the preset lower limit, the stiffness is insufficient. In this case, the preset torque should be increased, and higher-grade bolts should be replaced or the frame wall thickness should be increased before re-testing the tensile test. If the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is greater than the preset upper limit, the performance is excessive. In this case, the bolt specifications should be reduced or the purlin thickness should be reduced before re-testing the tensile test. If the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is between the preset lower limit and the preset upper limit, it is deemed qualified. The current torque value, bolt type, and structural parameters will serve as the final construction basis.

[0009] Furthermore, if the shear stiffness is lower than the theoretical value and the shear displacement corresponding to the yield point is less than the preset value, it is judged as premature slip, and a shim is added at this time.

[0010] Furthermore, the tensile test upper clamp includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a receiving cavity disposed between the first sleeve and the second sleeve, and a first connecting post disposed outside the receiving cavity; the tensile test lower clamp includes a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, and a plurality of first adjusting rods disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate; the shear test upper clamp includes a push plate and a second connecting post vertically disposed on the push plate; the shear test lower clamp includes a third clamping plate, a fourth clamping plate, and a plurality of second adjusting rods disposed between the third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate.

[0011] Secondly, the present invention also provides a photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization system based on strength testing, using a specimen including a frame, purlins, and bolts; the system includes: The tensile test module is configured to: fix both ends of the frame with a preset upper tensile test fixture and fix the purlin with a preset lower tensile test fixture, and perform a tensile test to determine the tensile stiffness of the connecting bolts; The shear test module is configured to: apply the action of a preset shear test upper clamp to the frame, and fix the purlins to the frame through the shear test lower clamp to conduct a shear test and determine the slope of the linear segment of the connecting bolt; The correction module is configured to: correct the tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; and correct the shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. The optimization module is configured to optimize the specimen based on the actual tensile equivalent stiffness and the actual shear equivalent stiffness under the actual working conditions.

[0012] Thirdly, the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in the first aspect.

[0013] Fourthly, the present invention also provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in the first aspect.

[0014] Fifthly, the present invention also provides a computer program product, the computer program product comprising a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in the first aspect.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: 1. This invention corrects the tensile equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions by using tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; it corrects the shear equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions by using linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient; it considers the difference between the temperature and other environmental conditions and the actual operating conditions of photovoltaic modules, and optimizes the modules by using the corrected tensile equivalent stiffness and shear equivalent stiffness under actual operating conditions, thus ensuring the optimization effect of photovoltaic modules.

[0016] 2. The tensile test fixture of the present invention includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a receiving cavity disposed between the first sleeve and the second sleeve, and a first connecting post disposed outside the receiving cavity; the first sleeve and the second sleeve are respectively fitted onto the two ends of the frame, which can ensure the tensile stability of the bolt in the middle position. The tensile test fixture includes a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, and a plurality of first adjusting rods disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate; the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate respectively clamp the two ends of the purlin, further ensuring the tensile stability of the bolt in the middle position. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this embodiment, are used to provide a further understanding of this embodiment. The illustrative embodiments and their descriptions are used to explain this embodiment and do not constitute an improper limitation of this embodiment.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the node specimen mechanism of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the border of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the purlin in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the bolt in Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 5 This is the tensile test fixture of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 6 This is the tensile test fixture of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a diagram showing the tensile test conditions of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the shear test fixture of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 9 This is the shear test fixture of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a diagram showing the shear test state of Embodiment 1 of the present invention; Among them, 1. frame; 2. purlin; 3. bolt; 4. upper clamp for tensile testing; 41. first sleeve; 42. receiving cavity; 43. second sleeve; 44. first connecting post; 5. lower clamp for tensile testing; 51. first clamping plate; 52. first adjusting rod; 53. second clamping plate; 6. upper clamp for shear testing; 61. push plate; 62. second connecting post; 7. lower clamp for shear testing; 71. third clamping plate; 72. second adjusting rod; 73. fourth clamping plate. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0020] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0021] Example 1: In fixed ground-mounted photovoltaic (PV) systems, large-size modules often utilize thin-walled, irregularly shaped aluminum alloy frames (such as F-shaped cross-sections) with a wall thickness of approximately 1.2mm. In engineering projects, the module frames are typically connected to C-shaped steel purlins using SUS304 stainless steel bolts. The frame-bolt-purlin node is a critical force transmission path; under wind suction, the node experiences vertical pull-out effects; under lateral winds or gusts, the aerodynamic forces on the module surface will form a horizontal component within the plane containing the module and purlins, causing the node to exhibit shearing and relative slippage tendencies.

[0022] Current photovoltaic module standards primarily conduct static and dynamic mechanical load tests on the entire module, often using general-purpose brackets or clamps to apply loads. While these tests can evaluate the overall bending and flexural resistance of the module, they often significantly simplify the details of the module frame-bolt-C-shaped purlin connection in actual power plants. This fails to reflect the complex boundary conditions such as bolt pre-tightening, hole edge bearing, and frame-purlin contact surface friction, and provides insufficient attention to local stress concentration at nodes. Some structural and material testing studies have explored axial fatigue and shear failure of photovoltaic bracket columns, inclined beams, purlins, and connecting components such as bolts and rivets, but these often use standard lap joints, resulting in significant differences between the test structures and the module frame connection nodes in engineering sites.

[0023] With the increasing size of components and the trend towards lightweight support structures, component frame sections are becoming thinner and spans are becoming longer, further increasing the reliance on connection nodes. Traditional methods of selecting bolt specifications and hole spacing based on experience are no longer sufficient to meet safety and durability requirements. Engineering designers need to understand the actual load-bearing capacity and deformation capacity of the direct connection nodes between the component frame and SUS304 stainless steel bolts under different wind zones, tilt angles, and hole spacing conditions.

[0024] To address the testing and optimization issues related to the connection between photovoltaic module frames and purlins, this embodiment provides a method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength testing, including: S1. Strength Test Design: S1.1 Node model specimen design: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the node model specimen in this embodiment includes a frame 1, a purlin 2, and bolts 3 for connecting the frame 1 and the purlin 2; the purlin 2 is a C-shaped steel purlin, and the bolts 3 are SUS304 stainless steel bolts.

[0025] Optionally, the frame 1 is cut from the actual component frame, with a selectable length of 250mm and a wall thickness of approximately 1.2mm, and bolt holes are machined at the connection points. The purlin 2 is cut from a C-shaped steel purlin, with a selectable length of approximately 250mm, and corresponding holes are machined. The bolt 3 is a connecting piece, using SUS304 stainless steel bolts and nuts to achieve a single bolt connection.

[0026] The preload of bolt 3 is applied by a torque wrench, and the consistency control of torque and preload can be expressed by an empirical relationship: ; in, Tightening torque, N·mm; This is the torque coefficient; Preload, N; The nominal diameter of the bolt is in mm.

[0027] S1.1, Test fixture design: The test fixtures include an upper tensile test fixture 4 and a lower tensile test fixture 5 for tensile testing, and an upper shear test fixture 6 and a lower shear test fixture 7 for shear testing.

[0028] like Figure 5 As shown, the tensile test fixture 4 includes a first sleeve 41, a second sleeve 43, a receiving cavity 42 disposed between the first sleeve 41 and the second sleeve 43, and a first connecting post 44 disposed outside the receiving cavity 42.

[0029] like Figure 7As shown, during the test, the first sleeve 41 and the second sleeve 43 are respectively fitted onto both ends of the frame 1, the purlin 2 is located inside the receiving cavity 42, and the first connecting post 44 is connected to the universal testing machine. The first sleeve 41 and the second sleeve 43 being fitted onto both ends of the frame 1 can ensure the tensile stability of the bolt 3 in the middle position.

[0030] like Figure 6 As shown, the tensile test fixture 5 includes a first clamping plate 51, a second clamping plate 53, and a plurality of first adjusting rods 52 disposed between the first clamping plate 51 and the second clamping plate 53. The first adjusting rods 52 may be components such as bolts.

[0031] like Figure 7 As shown, during the test, two tensile test clamps 5 are used, connected to both ends of the purlin 2 respectively, with one end of the tensile test clamp 5 fixedly connected to the test platform. Specifically, the first clamping plate 51 and the second clamping plate 53 clamp both ends of the purlin 2 respectively, further ensuring the tensile stability of the bolt 3 in the middle position.

[0032] like Figure 8 As shown, the shear test fixture 6 includes a push plate 61 and a second connecting column 62 vertically disposed on the push plate 61; the second connecting column 62 is connected to the universal testing machine.

[0033] like Figure 10 As shown, during the test, the second connecting column 62 is connected to the universal testing machine, and the push plate 61 is in contact with one surface of the frame 1, providing shear force through the pushing force.

[0034] like Figure 9 As shown, the shear test fixture 7 includes a third clamping plate 71, a fourth clamping plate 73, and a plurality of second adjusting rods 72 disposed between the third clamping plate 71 and the fourth clamping plate 73.

[0035] like Figure 10 As shown, during the test, the third clamping plate 71 and the fourth clamping plate 73 respectively clamped the two ends of the purlin 2, ensuring stability.

[0036] S2, Strength Test: S2.1 Tensile test: Record laboratory ambient temperature With regard to humidity. Pass bolts 3 through frame 1 and purlin 2 in sequence, install purlin 3, and use a torque wrench to press the preset initial torque. Tighten to form a pre-tightened connection to obtain the node model specimen. Place the node model specimen on the lower beam / worktable of the electronic universal testing machine. The ends of the purlin 2 are rigidly clamped and positioned by the lower tensile test fixture 5 set on the lower beam / worktable. The upper tensile test fixture 4 is connected to the upper beam of the testing machine. Adjust the fixture to ensure centering and avoid generating an initial eccentric moment.

[0037] Arrange displacement gauges to measure vertical displacement The load is collected synchronously through the data acquisition and control system. With vertical displacement .

[0038] Monotonic loading or hierarchical loading can be used; in hierarchical loading, the holding time for each level can be preset to record stable segment data.

[0039] Calculating tensile stiffness in a laboratory environment Take the slope of the near-linear segment of the load-displacement curve: ; in, This represents the vertical load increment; This represents the vertical displacement increment.

[0040] Considering the impact of temperature changes on the connection tightness between the aluminum alloy frame and the steel purlin under actual working conditions, as well as the preload decay after long-term operation, a stiffness correction factor is introduced to calculate the equivalent tensile stiffness under actual working conditions. : ; ; in, The tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions is expressed in kN / mm. This is a temperature correction factor; The preload attenuation coefficient is set based on creep characteristics; The target operating condition is the extreme temperature. Temperature measured on-site in the laboratory; This is the structural sensitivity coefficient caused by the difference in thermal expansion of the metal.

[0041] Stop and record the failure mode and limit value when the preset limit load is reached or obvious failure signs appear (local crushing around the hole, tearing, sudden increase in indentation in the connection area, abrupt change in the curve, displacement exceeding the threshold, etc.).

[0042] S2.2, Shear Static Test: The lateral wind effect simulated in this experiment manifests as in-plane shear load at the node level, which causes the frame 1 and purlin 2 to exhibit shear, bearing and relative slippage tendencies at the connection.

[0043] Record laboratory environmental parameters. The nodal model specimen is clamped and positioned at the end of purlin 2 using the lower clamp 7 of the shear test, thus connecting the lower beam or platform of the universal testing machine. The upper clamp 6 of the shear test is connected to the upper beam of the electronic universal testing machine. By adjusting the clamp posture and specimen orientation, installation gaps are eliminated, ensuring that the loading axis is strictly aligned with the target shear direction. During the test, a horizontal shear equivalent load is applied to the frame 1 using the upper clamp 6 of the shear test.

[0044] Displacement gauges are deployed to measure horizontal displacement, and the data acquisition and control system simultaneously acquires shear loads and... With horizontal displacement .

[0045] Calculate laboratory shear stiffness Then, a friction correction coefficient is introduced. Since shear resistance largely depends on the frictional force of the contact surface, and environmental humidity and temperature affect frictional performance, the equivalent shear stiffness under actual working conditions is calculated. for: ; in, The slope of the linear segment measured in the experiment. This represents the vertical load increment; This represents the vertical displacement increment; This is the environmental friction correction factor, a correction value set to take into account the impact of high humidity or high and low temperatures on the friction coefficient of the contact surface outdoors; The unit is kN / mm.

[0046] The process will stop when the preset maximum shear load is reached, or when there is a sudden increase in slippage, perihole bearing failure, rapid expansion of cracks or indentations, abrupt changes in the curve, or displacement exceeding the threshold.

[0047] S3. Optimization of borders and connectors: S3.1, calculate the corrected stiffness. With the design target stiffness range [ Compare: like < If the stiffness is insufficient, it is necessary to increase the preset torque, replace the bolts with higher grade ones, or increase the wall thickness of the frame. Then return to step S2 to reassemble and test.

[0048] like > If the performance is excessive, the bolt specifications or purlin thickness can be appropriately reduced, and then return to step S2 for reassembly and testing.

[0049] like ≤ ≤ If the condition is deemed acceptable, the current torque value, bolt type, and structural parameters will be used as the basis for final construction.

[0050] S3.2, Based on the modified shear stiffness And perform parameter iteration for the destruction mode: If premature slippage occurs, it is determined to be due to insufficient shear resistance. In this case, add shims (increase the friction area) and repeat the test. If the slope of the initial linear elastic segment (i.e., shear stiffness) is insufficient... If the yield point is significantly lower than the theoretical value or the typical value of similar materials, and the shear displacement corresponding to the yield point (the point where the curve begins to deviate significantly from linearity) is very small, it can be judged as premature slip.

[0051] If excessive plastic deformation occurs around the hole, it is determined to be due to insufficient local bearing capacity. The optimization solution is to increase the wall thickness of the frame and repeat the test until the shear stiffness and failure mode that meet the design requirements are obtained.

[0052] Example 2: This embodiment provides a photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization system based on strength testing, using specimens including frames, purlins, and bolts; the system includes: The tensile test module is configured to: fix both ends of the frame with a preset upper tensile test fixture and fix the purlin with a preset lower tensile test fixture, and perform a tensile test to determine the tensile stiffness of the connecting bolts; The shear test module is configured to: apply the action of a preset shear test upper clamp to the frame, and fix the purlins to the frame through the shear test lower clamp to conduct a shear test and determine the slope of the linear segment of the connecting bolt; The correction module is configured to: correct the tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; and correct the shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. The optimization module is configured to optimize the specimen based on the actual tensile equivalent stiffness and the actual shear equivalent stiffness under the actual working conditions.

[0053] The working method of the system is the same as the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test in Example 1, and will not be repeated here.

[0054] Example 3: This embodiment provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in Embodiment 1.

[0055] Example 4: This embodiment provides an electronic device, including a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor. When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in Embodiment 1.

[0056] Example 5: This embodiment provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test described in Embodiment 1.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this practice and is not intended to limit the scope of this practice. Various modifications and variations can be made to this practice by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made within the spirit and principles of this practice should be included within the protection scope of this practice.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests, characterized in that, The test specimens included frames, purlins, and bolts; the method included: The tensile test is conducted by fixing the two ends of the frame with the pre-set upper tensile test fixture and fixing the purlin with the pre-set lower tensile test fixture to determine the tensile stiffness of the connecting bolt. By using the pre-set shear test upper fixture to act on the frame, and the frame fixing the purlin through the shear test lower fixture, a shear test is conducted to determine the slope of the linear segment of the connecting bolt; The tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions is obtained by correcting the tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; the shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions is obtained by correcting the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. The specimen was optimized based on the tensile equivalent stiffness and shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions.

2. The method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actual working condition tensile equivalent stiffness for: ； ； in, For tensile measurement of stiffness; This is a temperature correction factor; This is the preload attenuation coefficient; The target operating condition is the extreme temperature. This is the measured temperature; This is the structural sensitivity coefficient caused by the difference in thermal expansion of the metal.

3. The method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actual working condition shear equivalent stiffness for: ； in, The slope of the linear segment measured in the experiment. This represents the vertical load increment; This represents the vertical displacement increment; This is the environmental friction correction factor.

4. The method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is less than the preset lower limit, the stiffness is insufficient. In this case, the preset torque should be increased, and higher grade bolts should be replaced or the frame wall thickness should be increased before re-testing the tensile test. If the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is greater than the preset upper limit, the performance is excessive. In this case, the bolt specifications should be reduced or the purlin thickness should be reduced before re-testing the tensile test. If the actual tensile equivalent stiffness under working conditions is within the range between the preset lower limit and the preset upper limit, it is considered qualified. The current torque value, bolt type, and structural parameters will be used as the final construction basis.

5. The method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests as described in claim 1, characterized in that, If the shear stiffness is lower than the theoretical value and the shear displacement corresponding to the yield point is less than the preset value, it is judged as premature slip, and a shim is added at this time.

6. The method for optimizing photovoltaic module frames and connectors based on strength tests as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tensile test upper clamp includes a first sleeve, a second sleeve, a receiving cavity disposed between the first sleeve and the second sleeve, and a first connecting post disposed outside the receiving cavity; the tensile test lower clamp includes a first clamping plate, a second clamping plate, and a plurality of first adjusting rods disposed between the first clamping plate and the second clamping plate; the shear test upper clamp includes a push plate and a second connecting post vertically disposed on the push plate; the shear test lower clamp includes a third clamping plate, a fourth clamping plate, and a plurality of second adjusting rods disposed between the third clamping plate and the fourth clamping plate.

7. A photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization system based on strength testing, characterized in that, The test specimen included a frame, purlins, and bolts; the system comprises: The tensile test module is configured to: fix both ends of the frame with a preset upper tensile test fixture and fix the purlin with a preset lower tensile test fixture, and perform a tensile test to determine the tensile stiffness of the connecting bolts; The shear test module is configured to: apply the action of a preset shear test upper clamp to the frame, and fix the purlins to the frame through the shear test lower clamp to conduct a shear test and determine the slope of the linear segment of the connecting bolt; The correction module is configured to: correct the tensile equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the tensile measurement stiffness, temperature correction coefficient, and preload attenuation coefficient; and correct the shear equivalent stiffness under actual working conditions based on the linear segment slope and environmental friction correction coefficient. The optimization module is configured to optimize the specimen based on the actual tensile equivalent stiffness and the actual shear equivalent stiffness under the actual working conditions.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the program is executed by the processor, it implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and capable of running on the processor, characterized in that, When the processor executes the program, it implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength test as described in any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the photovoltaic module frame and connector optimization method based on strength testing as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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