Multi-field temperature-adjustable in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging method and device

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-field temperature-adjustable in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging device and a multi-field temperature-adjustable in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging method, and belongs to the technical field of high-temperature in-situ mechanical property testing and material structure imaging. The device comprises a mechanical loading unit, a clamp unit, a high-temperature furnace, a heating unit, an atmosphere control system, a cylindrical X-ray transmission window and an imaging system. The heating unit can perform axial and angle two-degree-of-freedom adjustment, and is matched with multi-point temperature feedback to form closed-loop control, so that a temperature field with high uniformity or programmable gradient is realized. The atmosphere system supports environment switching of high-purity inert gas, low oxygen partial pressure, high vacuum and the like. The method comprises the steps of sample clamping, heat source type selection and temperature zone adjustment, loading program setting, atmosphere environment regulation and control, and in-situ imaging data acquisition and analysis. The device and the method are suitable for research on force-heat-environment coupling behaviors of various materials such as ceramic-based composite materials and high-temperature alloys under extreme service conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of material composition or structure analysis and measurement of the mechanical properties of solid materials, specifically relating to a high-temperature in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging test method and apparatus with adjustable temperature range, multiple heat source interchangeability and multi-field environmental control functions. Background Technology

[0002] High-temperature in-situ mechanical loading and structural imaging technology is an important tool for studying the mechanical behavior and failure mechanisms of advanced structural materials—especially ceramic matrix composites, high-temperature alloys, and carbon-based materials—under extreme service environments. With the increasing demand for research on the reliability of materials under high-temperature, high-load, and multi-field coupling conditions in aerospace, energy, and other fields, higher requirements are being placed on the integration and scalability of high-temperature furnace-mechanical loading-imaging systems in laboratories and large-scale scientific facilities.

[0003] Early high-temperature in-situ testing devices primarily relied on resistance wires or fixed halogen lamps as a single heat source, combined with a simple vacuum or inert gas environment for mechanical loading and optical imaging. This approach was relatively compact and suitable for basic high-temperature tensile or compression tests, but the heat field distribution was uneven and the temperature control range was limited, failing to meet the precise requirements for temperature gradients or localized heating. Furthermore, the imaging channels often employed planar window designs, which were prone to thermal stress under high-temperature conditions, leading to decreased transmittance and affecting observation accuracy.

[0004] Subsequently, with the rise of synchrotron radiation sources, the second phase of technological development focused on integrated systems of high-resolution X-ray imaging platforms. These devices tightly integrated mechanical loading units with high-temperature furnace chambers, utilizing high-brightness X-ray sources to achieve real-time dynamic imaging. Entering the third phase, some compact laboratory-grade devices began to incorporate modular elements, such as replaceable heating elements and improved atmosphere interfaces, but the overall design remained limited to a single heat source type and basic environmental control.

[0005] Existing technologies share several common problems: First, the heat source is singular and fixed, lacking a unified interface and modular interchangeable design, making it difficult to optimize key indicators such as heating rate, temperature uniformity, and local control precision for different material properties. Second, atmosphere control methods are limited; most devices can only provide inert atmosphere or high vacuum, lacking sufficient control over key environmental conditions such as low oxygen partial pressure, thus failing to meet the in-situ testing requirements of high-temperature oxidation / corrosion sensitive materials. Third, the imaging window design does not balance high-temperature intensity and X-ray transmittance, making it prone to problems in extreme environments. Deformation or absorption enhancement directly affects imaging quality; fourth, some devices are large and heavy, failing to meet the installation space constraints of high-throughput platforms or conventional laboratory equipment, and also increasing usage and maintenance costs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a high-temperature in-situ mechanical loading and imaging device and method that maintains a compact structure, allows for the interchangeable use of multiple heat sources within the same furnace body and control interface, and possesses adjustable temperature zones, diversified atmosphere control, optimized imaging paths, and rapid deployment capabilities, in order to overcome the limitations of existing technologies in environmental adaptability, thermal field control accuracy, and test compatibility. This is precisely the technical problem and innovative direction that this invention aims to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Existing high-temperature in-situ loading and imaging devices generally have many limitations. Most existing devices can only use a single type of heat source, the heat source is mostly fixed, and the atmosphere control capability is limited; the imaging window design has not found the optimal balance between the high-temperature atmosphere tolerance and X-ray transmittance, resulting in significant transmittance attenuation and decreased imaging signal quality under extreme conditions; most high-temperature loading systems are large in size, heavy in weight, and have highly specialized interfaces, which increases the difficulty of porting and deploying them between different imaging platforms and the experimental preparation time.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an adjustable temperature zone multi-field environment in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging test device and method. The device integrates a mechanical loading unit, a high-temperature heating unit, an atmosphere control system, a high-transmittance X-ray imaging system, and a central control console on the same platform. Through optimized structural and functional design, the device achieves comprehensive performance including modular interchangeability of multiple heat sources, adjustable heating position and angle, precise control of the atmosphere environment, and high-quality imaging.

[0008] The mechanical loading unit is located above or below the axis of the device. It is connected to the upper clamp via an upper tension rod, and to the lower clamp via a lower tension rod. The clamp is located in the center of the high-temperature furnace cavity, firmly fixing the sample on the loading axis to ensure that the loading force is uniformly transmitted along the axis and to avoid stress concentration caused by off-center loading. The upper and lower tension rods can be integrated with water-cooling channels to maintain structural stability under high-temperature conditions, and achieve precise transmission of mechanical signals through threaded or snap-fit ​​connections with the loading unit.

[0009] The high-temperature furnace consists of an upper furnace body and a lower furnace body, which are sealed together by an annular flange to form the furnace cavity. A cylindrical X-ray transmission window is embedded in the furnace wall to ensure high X-ray transmittance and structural strength even under high temperature or corrosive atmospheres. This cylindrical transmission window is made of a low-absorption, high-strength material, and its cylindrical structure fits tightly into the furnace wall. It is fixed between the upper and lower furnace bodies by a first and a second annular flange, ensuring airtightness and optical path alignment, reducing the absorption path of X-rays in the window material, and thus reducing diffraction artifacts.

[0010] The heating units are all mounted on the inner wall of the furnace via mounting bases and annular moving flanges. The moving flange and the fixed flange are connected by a rotating rod and a knob, enabling fine-tuning of the heating element along the axial and circumferential directions to ensure precise alignment between the photothermal focal point and the sample position. This adjustment mechanism is based on a high-temperature wear-resistant bearing nested connection between the annular moving flange and the fixed flange, with a compression spring acting between them to provide preload and prevent positional drift caused by high-temperature thermal expansion and contraction.

[0011] The atmosphere control system is connected to the furnace cavity through a high-sealing pipeline, which can quickly switch between various atmospheres such as high-purity inert gas, high vacuum or low oxygen partial pressure, and maintain dynamic stability of pressure and composition. It includes independent gas inlet unit, gas outlet unit, gas circulation pipeline and vacuum pumping device. These components achieve precise parameter control through closed-loop feedback of the control console to avoid the influence of environmental fluctuations on the test results.

[0012] The imaging system consists of an X-ray source and a counter-positioned high-resolution detector, which is coaxial with the transmission window and the sample imaging path to ensure that the beam is directly projected onto the detector after passing through the sample, reducing scattering interference. The central control console, with a computer and control module at its core, enables synchronous control and data acquisition of loading, heating, atmosphere, and imaging. It can also optionally integrate finite element analysis software to perform coupled analysis of the temperature and stress fields, aiding in the interpretation of material failure mechanisms.

[0013] The test method of the present invention is based on the above-mentioned device. First, the sample is fixed to the clamp unit and coaxially connected with the loading unit to ensure that the mechanical axis coincides with the imaging optical path. Second, the corresponding heating unit is selected and installed according to the test requirements. By adjusting the position and angle of the annular moving flange, the thermal focus is aligned with the target area of ​​the sample.

[0014] Then, the working mode and target parameters of the atmosphere control system are set, and the furnace cavity is adjusted to the required environment and stabilized. Next, the heating unit is started, and the sample is heated to the target temperature range according to the preset heating curve. Subsequently, the loading unit is started during or after the heating process to apply mechanical load according to the preset program. At the same time, X-rays are projected through the transmission window, and dynamic images or tomographic data are acquired by the detector.

[0015] Finally, the collected load, displacement, temperature, and imaging data are transmitted to the control console for storage and analysis. The key technical aspect of this method lies in the coordinated adjustment of the heat source and atmosphere control to achieve accurate simulation of multiple environmental conditions, and in ensuring the stability of the experimental process through closed-loop control. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a preferred embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the mounting base structure of the present invention; Figure 4 View from the top of the mounting bracket; Figure 5 for Figure 4 Sectional view along the BB direction; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Sectional view along the AA direction; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a cylindrical X-ray transmission window structure; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the technical architecture stack of the present invention.

[0017] In the diagram: 1. Mechanical loading unit; 2. Fixture; 21. Upper clamp; 22. Upper tension / compression rod; a. Sample; 23. Lower clamp; 24. Lower tension / compression rod; 3. High-temperature furnace; 31. Upper furnace body; 32. Lower furnace body; 33. Cylindrical X-ray transmission window; 34. First annular flange; 35. Second annular flange; 4. Heating unit; 41. Lamp cover; 42. Mounting base; 422. Annular fixed flange; 423. Annular moving flange; 424. Rotating rod; 425. Knob; 426. Spring; 5. X-ray source and detector. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 8 The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below with specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that equivalent substitutions or improvements can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles of the present invention, and all such substitutions or improvements should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0019] Example 1: High-Temperature In-Situ Loading and Imaging Device with Adjustable Halogen Lamp Multi-Point Heating This invention provides a high-temperature in-situ loading and imaging device with adjustable halogen lamp multi-point heating, comprising a mechanical loading unit 1, a clamp 2, a high-temperature furnace 3, and a heating unit 4. The mechanical loading unit 1 is located above the device and is connected to the clamp unit 2 via an upper tension rod 22 and a lower tension rod 24. The upper clamp 21 and the lower clamp 23 fix the sample a, ensuring that the loading force is uniformly transmitted to the sample.

[0020] The high-temperature furnace 3 consists of an upper furnace body 31 and a lower furnace body 32, sealed by a first annular flange 34 and a second annular flange 35 to form a furnace cavity surrounding the sample. A cylindrical X-ray transmission window 33 is embedded in the high-temperature furnace 3. Its material is low-absorption high-temperature ceramic (BeO, beryllium oxide, commonly known in the industry as beryllium oxide ceramic), with a wall thickness of 1 mm and a diameter of 30 mm. It is fixed between the upper and lower furnace bodies by the first annular flange 34 and the second annular flange 35, ensuring alignment of the optical path center. In dynamic conditions, the X-ray (energy 50-100 keV) transmittance is >90%, and the path length is minimized to <15 mm. The effect of this window is to maintain high transmittance at high temperatures, reduce diffraction artifacts to <2%, and improve imaging resolution to 2 μm.

[0021] The heating unit 4 includes a halogen lamp, a lamp cover 41, and a mounting base 42. The heating unit is mounted on the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace via the mounting base 42 and is arranged coaxially with the clamp 2. An annular movable flange 423 is arranged on the opposite side of the annular fixed flange 422, and the heating unit 4 is adjustable in axial and angular positions via a rotating rod 424, a knob 425, and a spring 426. The atmosphere control system includes an inlet and an outlet, connecting to the gas circulation pipeline and a vacuum pumping device (pump speed 50 L / s). The system comprises independent inlet and outlet units, a gas circulation pipeline, and a vacuum pumping device, maintaining furnace atmosphere stability during simultaneous loading and imaging operations. It supports switching between high-purity inert gas, low oxygen partial pressure, and high vacuum environments. This multi-atmosphere function achieves closed-loop control through sensor feedback on the control console, ensuring consistent environmental parameters throughout the experiment and preventing oxidation or contamination from affecting material behavior. The system effectively simulates service environments, with oxygen partial pressure control accuracy of ±1 ppm, avoiding the impact of oxidation on materials and improving experimental realism.

[0022] The imaging system consists of an X-ray source and a detector, arranged coaxially with the transmission window. The cylindrical X-ray transmission window is made of low-absorption high-strength alloy or high-temperature ceramic, and its thickness and diameter are optimized to simultaneously meet the requirements of high transmittance, airtightness, and structural strength, and are aligned with the center of the imaging optical path to reduce the influence of diffraction artifacts.

[0023] The central control console integrates a computer and control module. In static scenarios, all sensors (thermocouple array, accuracy ±0.5°C) are connected via Ethernet. In dynamic scenarios, it synchronously coordinates loading (force resolution 1N), heating (power resolution 1W), atmosphere control (pressure resolution 0.1Pa), and imaging (trigger delay <1ms), and runs finite element analysis software (ANSYS). The console's effectiveness lies in data fusion analysis, achieving a temperature field simulation error of <5%, and assisting in the interpretation of failure mechanisms.

[0024] The experimental procedure is as follows: In the initialization stage, the ceramic matrix composite sample was fixed to the fixture unit, with the axis aligned with the loading unit and the imaging optical path. The annular moving flange was adjusted to +3mm axially and 1° angle to align the thermal focus with the center of the sample. In the data processing stage, the atmosphere was set to a low oxygen partial pressure mode. Vacuum was pumped to <10^-5 Pa, and then Ar / O2 mixture was introduced to stabilize the oxygen partial pressure at 3ppm. Heating was initiated at a rate of 30°C / min to 1400°C, with a temperature field uniformity of <±4°C. Power was adjusted in real-time using multi-point thermocouple feedback. In the results output stage, a uniaxial tensile load was applied, increasing from 0N to 600N and maintained at a constant load for 2 hours. Simultaneously, X-ray images were acquired with a path length <12mm. Data was transmitted to the control console, where finite element simulations were performed on the temperature field (peak 1400°C, gradient <20°C / cm) and stress field (peak 400MPa) to interpret the crack propagation path from 0 to 150μm.

[0025] Experimental results show that a heating time of 12 minutes improves the clarity of crack observation and has a repeatability of >98%.

[0026] Example 2: High-Temperature In-Situ Loading and Imaging Device with Fiber Laser Heating In this embodiment, heating unit 4 is replaced by a fiber laser module, including a fiber optic terminal (wavelength 1064nm), a collimating lens (focal length 50mm), a reflector, and a focusing lens (spot diameter 1mm), with a power of up to 1000W. When the heating unit is replaced by a fiber laser module, the output spot can be focused onto the sample surface after position and angle adjustment through the optical system composed of the fiber optic terminal, collimating lens, reflector, and focusing lens, achieving local high-energy-density heating. This variant is suitable for simulating thermal shock or gradient temperature field tests. The heating unit is still connected to the annular moving flange through the same mounting base, maintaining the dual-degree-of-freedom adjustment function. It can be quickly switched by simply replacing the heat source module, thereby expanding the device's adaptability to extreme conditions. In a static state, the optical components are fixed in the flange groove, and the rotating rod 424 and spring 426 provide positioning. In a dynamic state, by adjusting the axial direction by -5mm and the angle by -3°, the laser pulse (duty cycle 40%, frequency 20Hz) is focused on the sample surface, achieving a local heating rate >500°C / s. The effect of this variant is to simulate thermal shock, with a thermal gradient >200°C / cm, making it suitable for interfacial debonding studies.

[0027] The rest of the device structure is the same as in Embodiment 1, ensuring sealing and optical path alignment; the atmosphere system is set to high vacuum <10^-7 Pa, and the imaging acquisition rate is 30Hz.

[0028] The experimental procedure is as follows: In the initialization stage, the high-temperature alloy sample was fixed, and the laser focus was adjusted to the off-center region of the sample. In the data processing stage, the pressure was evacuated to <10^-6 Pa, and pulse heating was initiated locally to 1600°C with a global gradient of 150°C / cm. The pulse width was adjusted to <1ms via thermocouple feedback. In the results output stage, a cyclic load (amplitude 400N, frequency 2Hz) was applied for 45 minutes; images were acquired at a resolution of 3μm; finite element analysis was used to simulate thermal shock stress (peak value 500MPa), and the debonding area was analyzed from 0 to 0.5mm².

[0029] Experimental results: heating rate 800°C / s, crack velocity 10μm / s, device interchange time <3min.

[0030] Example 3: High-Temperature In-Situ Loading and Imaging Device Based on Infrared Radiation Heating In this embodiment, heating unit 4 is replaced by an infrared radiation module, including a mid-wave infrared heating element (wavelength 2-5μm, power 800W) and an ellipsoidal reflector. The reflector's focal point is located on the sample surface, providing uniform heating over a wide area, suitable for long-term isothermal testing. This module is also compatible with the original mounting base and annular moving flange, and the radiation direction can be finely adjusted to match the sample via a knob. In a static configuration, the reflector is parallel to the furnace wall and positioned via a mounting slot; in a dynamic configuration, adjusting the axial direction by +4mm and the angle by +2° ensures uniform radiation coverage of the sample, providing isothermal stability of <±1°C. The advantage of this modification lies in its effectiveness in long-term testing, achieving a thermal efficiency >80%, making it suitable for creep studies.

[0031] Furthermore, by adding a thermocouple array as an additional temperature feedback element to the existing design, these thermocouples, embedded in the furnace cavity wall and connected to the control console to form a multi-point closed-loop system, can further improve the real-time temperature field adjustment accuracy without altering the interchangeability mechanism of the heating units. This extended variant is suitable for high-precision testing requirements, enabling programmable control of the gradient temperature field through the fusion analysis of sensor signals, thus solving the problem of incomplete temperature monitoring in existing technologies.

[0032] The rest of the structure is the same as in Example 1, the atmosphere is low oxygen partial pressure, and the imaging frame rate is 15Hz.

[0033] The experimental procedure is as follows: In the initialization phase, the carbon-based material sample was fixed, and the radiation focus was adjusted to the sample surface. In the data processing phase, an Ar / O2 mixture was introduced, and the oxygen partial pressure was stabilized at 8 ppm; heating was initiated to 1300°C, with power independently adjusted for each unit (5W resolution). In the results output phase, a constant load of 300 N was applied for 3 hours; tomographic data were acquired at a resolution of 4 μm; creep strain was evaluated using finite element analysis, with exfoliation depths ranging from 0 to 100 μm.

[0034] Experimental results: Constant temperature fluctuation <1°C, improved peeling observation accuracy, and reduced cost by 20%.

[0035] Example 4: Fixed Halogen Lamp Heating Control Experiment The control group used a fixed heat source system without adjustment mechanisms. In this system, the halogen lamp was fixed to the furnace wall without flanges and its position was not adjustable; the furnace cavity had no columnar windows, but used flat ceramic windows. Experimental procedure: The ceramic sample was fixed and heated to 1200°C (rate 15°C / min, non-uniform ±15°C); the atmosphere was inert gas (no low-oxygen control); the load was 500N; imaging was performed at 10Hz with a resolution of 8μm.

[0036] The experimental group used Example 1 of the present invention: heating rate 30°C / min, non-uniformity <±3°C; low oxygen 3ppm; imaging 20Hz, resolution 2μm.

[0037] Test results: In the control group, after 20 minutes of heating, the crack clarity was 60% with a data fluctuation of 12%; in the experimental group, after 12 minutes, the clarity was 95% with a fluctuation of <3%. This invention improves efficiency by 40% and accuracy by 3 times, demonstrating the superiority of the multi-heat source interchange and adjustment mechanism.

[0038] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the high-temperature in-situ loading and imaging device of the present invention, relying on a modular and interchangeable multi-heat source architecture, an adjustable heat source position and angle mechanism, a high-transmittance cylindrical X-ray transmission window, and a multi-atmosphere precise control system, can not only achieve a temperature field with high uniformity and controllable gradient, but also flexibly adapt to different materials, different sizes of samples, and various service environment simulation requirements.

[0039] In Example 1, the device achieved comprehensive performance of rapid and uniform heating and stable imaging. The heating time was shortened to 12 min, the temperature field uniformity was <±3°C, the imaging resolution was 2 μm, and in the tensile test of ceramic matrix composites, the crack propagation path was clearly captured, the length evolution was from 0 to 150 μm, and the repeatability was >98%, which was far better than the 20 min heating and ±15°C unevenness of the control group.

[0040] Example 2 has strong local heating and thermal shock simulation capabilities, with a heating rate of 800°C / s and a gradient of 150°C / cm. In the cyclic load test of high-temperature alloys, the debonding area is 0.5mm², the peak stress is 500MPa, the imaging shows a crack velocity of 10μm / s, and the interchange time is <3min, which improves the adaptability to extreme working conditions.

[0041] Example 3 offers the advantages of long-term constant temperature and high uniformity, with fluctuations of <1°C. In the creep test of carbon-based materials, it can withstand constant load for 3 hours, with a strain rate of 10^-6 / s and a peeling depth of 100μm. It also reduces costs by 20% and is suitable for oxidative environment simulation.

[0042] This embodiment highlights the improved value of the adjustable solution of the present invention. Compared with the control, which suffers from slow heating, large unevenness, and low clarity, the present invention improves overall efficiency by 40%, increases accuracy by 3 times, and reduces fluctuation by 4 times. The device has a compact volume of <0.2m³ and a weight of <50kg, making it easy to deploy in laboratories and synchrotron radiation platforms. The preparation cycle is <30min, reducing the cost of multi-environment testing by 30%.

[0043] The invention has significant prospects for scientific research and engineering applications. In the reliability assessment of aerospace materials, it can monitor thermo-mechanical coupling failure in real time, improving design accuracy by 20%. In the energy field, such as nuclear fuel cladding testing, it can simulate spalling in a low-oxygen environment, improving data accuracy by 50%. In industrial testing, it can double the throughput of batch samples, resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0044] Furthermore, the console integrates finite element analysis (FEA), with a mesh size of 0.1 mm in static simulations, a dynamic iteration step size of 0.1 s, and a coupled temperature-stress error of <5%, aiding in mechanism interpretation, such as a crack initiation threshold stress of 300 MPa. The software also fuses sensor signals to output real-time field distribution maps, improving analysis efficiency.

[0045] In summary, this invention ensures interchangeability and stability through a standardized interface (M20 thread) and closed-loop control (PID algorithm, proportional-integral-derivative, response time <1s), and supports expansion such as thermocouple arrays (16 points, accuracy ±0.2°C) or multimodal imaging (optical channel, visible light wavelength, 1μm resolution synchronization). These features make the device highly versatile and suitable for various scenarios from basic research to industrial verification, giving it high potential for widespread adoption.

Claims

1. A multi-field adjustable temperature in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging device, characterized in that, include: Mechanical loading unit, used to apply uniaxial or multiaxial controllable loading force to the specimen; A clamping unit is disposed between the mechanical loading unit and the specimen for fixing the specimen and transmitting the loading force to the specimen. The clamping unit includes an upper clamp, a lower clamp, and an upper tension rod and a lower tension rod connected to the mechanical loading unit. A high-temperature furnace, comprising an upper furnace body, a cylindrical X-ray transmission window, and a lower furnace body, forms a sealed furnace cavity and surrounds the sample; The heating unit is mounted on the inner wall of the high-temperature furnace via a mounting base and is arranged coaxially with the clamping unit. An annular fixed flange is mounted on the mounting base via a rotating rod. An annular movable flange is provided between the mounting base and the annular fixed flange. The annular movable flange enables the heating unit to be adjusted in axial and angular positions via a rotating rod, a knob, and a spring. An atmosphere control system is connected to the furnace cavity of the high-temperature furnace and is used for switching and steady-state control between high-purity inert gas, low oxygen partial pressure, or vacuum environments. An imaging system, comprising an X-ray source and a detector arranged opposite to the cylindrical X-ray transmission window; The control console is used for synchronous control and data acquisition of the mechanical loading unit, the heating unit, the atmosphere control system, and the imaging system.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The annular movable flange is nested with the annular fixed flange via a high-temperature wear-resistant bearing. The spring is a compression spring that acts between the annular movable flange and the annular fixed flange to ensure the stable positioning of the heating unit under high-temperature conditions.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cylindrical X-ray transmission window is made of a low-absorption high-strength alloy or a high-temperature ceramic, and its thickness and diameter simultaneously meet the requirements of high transmittance, airtightness and structural strength, and are aligned with the center of the imaging optical path to reduce diffraction artifacts.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The atmosphere control system includes an independent air intake unit, an exhaust unit, a gas circulation pipeline, and a vacuum pumping device, thereby maintaining the stability of the furnace atmosphere in the high-temperature furnace during simultaneous loading and imaging.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heating unit can be a halogen lamp heating unit or a fiber laser heating unit. The halogen lamp heating unit includes a halogen lamp and a hemispherical high reflectivity lamp cover. The power and number of halogen lamps can be adjusted independently, and the opening of the lamp cover is aligned with the center area of ​​the sample. The fiber laser heating unit includes an optical fiber terminal, a collimating lens, a reflector, and a focusing lens module. The output light spot is focused onto the sample surface after the position and angle are adjusted.

6. A method for in-situ mechanical loading and X-ray imaging testing in a multi-field environment with adjustable temperature zone based on the device described in claims 1 to 5. Includes the following steps: The first step is to fix the sample to the fixture unit and connect it coaxially with the mechanical loading unit; The second step is to adjust the position and angle of the mounting base and the annular moving flange so that the heat focal point of the heating unit is aligned with the target area of ​​the sample. The third step is to set the working mode and target parameters of the atmosphere control system, and adjust the furnace atmosphere to the target environment and stabilize it. fourth step, Start the heating unit and heat the sample to the target temperature range according to the preset heating rate; The fifth step is to start the mechanical loading unit during or after heating to apply mechanical load to the sample according to the preset loading program. The sixth step involves projecting X-rays through a cylindrical X-ray transmission window and acquiring dynamic transmission images or CT tomographic data using a detector. The seventh step is to transmit the collected load, displacement, temperature, and imaging data to the control console for storage and analysis.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The heating unit in the second step is adjustable within an axial range of ±10mm and an angle of ±5°. The temperature distribution in the furnace cavity is monitored by multiple temperature sensors, and the heating power is adjusted in real time using closed-loop control.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The atmosphere control mode in the third step can be selected as high-purity inert gas, low oxygen partial pressure, or high vacuum environment to simulate material behavior under different service conditions.

9. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The imaging process in the sixth step has an acquisition rate of no less than 10Hz, and the imaging path length is minimized by utilizing the flat furnace structure and cylindrical X-ray transmission window design of the device.

10. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The seventh step includes using the finite element method to perform coupled analysis of the obtained temperature field and stress field to help interpret the imaging results and material failure mechanism.

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