Numerical control lathe for multi-station machining treatment of automobile casting parts

Abstract

The invention discloses a numerical control lathe for multi-station machining treatment of automobile casting parts, and belongs to the technical field of automobile part machining, a rotating handle is held to push a switching disc, a sliding shaft drives a rotating ring, an adjusting gear and a fixing ring to move leftwards through a supporting rod, so that a fixing ring clamping strip is separated from a fixing cylinder clamping groove, and the switching disc is rotated; at the moment, the adjusting gear and the fixing ring can freely move; a rotating handle is rotated, a rotating ring drives an adjusting gear and an adjusting disc to rotate through teeth, an arc-shaped sliding hole of the adjusting disc drives a sliding column and a sliding rod to move, a fan-shaped clamping plate synchronously clamps the inner wall of a part, four-station synchronous clamping is achieved, the rotating handle is loosened after fine adjustment, a pushing ring drives the rotating ring to reset under the action of a second spring, and a clamping strip is clamped into a clamping groove again to be fixed. Compared with an existing device, the device has the advantages that the defects that operation of all stations is independent, tedious and time-consuming are overcome through the design, unsmooth connection is avoided, and the production efficiency and the machining consistency are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive parts processing technology, specifically to a CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts. Background Technology

[0002] As the automotive industry rapidly develops towards lightweighting, high precision, and large-scale production, the demand for automotive casting parts continues to rise. The large-scale development of the automotive parts industry has driven the iterative upgrading of processing equipment. In the intelligent manufacturing equipment industry, CNC lathes, as the core equipment for precision machining, have a processing logic of workpiece rotation and tool fixed feed. The spindle drives the workpiece to rotate at high speed, and the tool feed completes turning, drilling, and other processes.

[0003] Existing multi-station CNC lathes mostly adopt a step-by-step switching mode for station switching, which cannot achieve synchronous linkage switching between stations. Some equipment can only realize the rotation of the workpiece at the main station, and the auxiliary stations need to rely on additional drive mechanisms. This results in inconsistent workpiece rotation speeds and large coaxiality deviations at each station, making it impossible to guarantee the consistency of accuracy in multi-station synchronous processing. Moreover, the workpiece clamping and unclamping operations at each station are independent of each other, requiring manual or separate drive mechanisms to clamp and unclamp the workpieces at each station one by one. This is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, but also prone to inconsistencies in the operation sequence, leading to poor connection between station switching and clamping / unclamping, further extending the production cycle.

[0004] Based on this, the present invention designs a CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art that the workpiece clamping and disassembly operations of each station of the existing multi-station CNC lathe are independent of each other, requiring manual or separate drive mechanisms to clamp and disassemble the workpieces at each station one by one. This is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, but also prone to problems such as poor connection between station switching and clamping and disassembly due to inconsistent operation sequence.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts includes a base, on which a lathe frame and a worktable are mounted. The worktable is located inside the lathe frame. A protective door is installed at the opening on the front side of the lathe frame. A tool post and a first servo motor are respectively mounted on both sides of the worktable. A spindle is fixed to the output shaft of the first servo motor. A switching disk is fixedly connected to the end of the spindle. Four mounting disks are fixedly connected to one side of the switching disk. A fixing seat is fixed in the middle of the mounting disk. A locking component is sleeved inside the fixing seat. Four pre-limiting groups are installed through the edge of the inner wall of the mounting disk. The components include a pre-limiting component and a locking component, with a driving component and an adjusting component installed inside the switching disk. One end of the adjusting component passes through the switching disk and extends between four mounting disks. Four engaging components are externally engaged with the adjusting component and the driving component. One end of the locking component passes through the mounting disk and is rotatably connected to one side inside the switching disk via a bushing. The engaging components are sleeved on the outside of the locking components, and one end of the engaging components passes through the switching disk and is fixed to the middle of the mounting disk. A support component is attached to the side of the adjusting component away from the mounting disk, and the support component is installed in the switching disk.

[0008] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the locking assembly includes an adjusting disc, which is rotatably fitted onto the center of the fixed base. The adjusting disc has six arc-shaped sliding holes, through which a sliding column slides. A sliding rod is fixed to the end of each sliding column, and a clamping plate with a fan-shaped design is fixed to the other end of each sliding rod. The fixed base has slide tracks corresponding to the positions of the six sliding rods, and the sliding rods slide through the slide tracks. A connecting shaft is fixed to the center of the adjusting disc, one end of which passes through the mounting disc and is rotatably connected to one side of the switching disc via a bushing. Two limiting strips are fixed to the outside of the connecting shaft.

[0009] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pre-limiting component includes a pressure plate, the pressure plate being positioned corresponding to the clamping plate, an inclined guide plate being fixed on the side of the pressure plate away from the mounting plate, a guide rod being fixed on the outer side of the pressure plate, the guide rod sliding through the edge of the mounting plate, and a first spring being sleeved on the guide rod, the first spring being fixed between the pressure plate and the inner wall of the mounting plate.

[0010] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly includes a second servo motor, which is fixed to one side inside the switching disk. A drive gear is fixed to the output shaft of the second servo motor. A gear ring is externally meshed with the drive gear. A support bearing is sleeved on one side of the gear ring. The support bearing is snapped into the switching disk. The outer teeth of the gear ring are meshed with four engaging components.

[0011] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment component includes a rotating ring, the inner wall of which is fixed with three support rods, and a sliding shaft is fixed at one end of the three support rods opposite to each other. The sliding shaft slides through the switching disk and a handle is fixed at one end extending to the outside of the switching disk. An annular groove is provided on the outside of the rotating ring, and a set of teeth is provided in the annular groove corresponding to the positions of the four engaging components.

[0012] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the engaging assembly includes a transmission gear, which meshes with the external teeth of the gear ring. A fixed cylinder is fixed inside the transmission gear. One end of the fixed cylinder is fitted with a rotatable limit bearing. The limit bearing is engaged in the switching disk, and the fixed cylinder passes through the switching disk and is fixedly connected to the middle of the mounting disk.

[0013] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the engaging assembly further includes an adjusting gear, which is sleeved and slidably mounted on the outside of the connecting shaft, and has two guide holes on its inner wall. The limiting strip is slidably connected in the guide holes. A fixing ring is fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting gear near the fixing cylinder. Several locking strips are fixed on the outer wall of the fixing ring. The inner wall of the fixing cylinder has locking grooves corresponding to the positions of the locking strips. The fixing ring is sleeved inside the fixing cylinder and the outer locking strips are engaged in the locking grooves.

[0014] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the support assembly includes a push ring, on one side of which a plurality of balls are mounted, the plurality of balls overlapping one side of a rotating ring, and on the other side of the push ring a plurality of guide posts are fixed, the guide posts sliding through one side of the switching disk, and a second spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide posts, the second spring being fixed between one side of the inner wall of the switching disk and the push ring.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] 1. This invention involves holding the handle and pushing it towards the switching disc, causing the sliding shaft to move the rotating ring to the left via three support rods, which in turn moves the adjusting gear to the left. Simultaneously, the adjusting gear moves the fixed ring to the left, disengaging the fixed ring and the external locking strip from the groove inside the fixed cylinder. At this point, the adjusting gear and the fixed ring are in a free-moving state. Rotating the handle causes the rotating ring to rotate. The rotating ring meshes with the adjusting gear through the teeth in the external annular groove, causing the adjusting gear to rotate synchronously. When the adjusting disc rotates, its six arc-shaped sliding holes cause the internally penetrating sliding column to slide along an arc-shaped trajectory. The sliding column causes the end-fixed sliding rod to slide along the slide rail on the fixed seat. The four sliding rods simultaneously extend outward from the fixed seat, thereby causing the end-fan-shaped clamping plates to simultaneously clamp the inner wall of the components, achieving synchronous locking and clamping of the components on the four mounting discs. After fine-tuning, the handle is released. The push ring of the support component pushes the rotating ring to the right to reset under the elastic force of the second spring, driving the adjusting gear and the fixed ring to move to the right synchronously. This allows the retaining strip outside the fixed ring to re-engage with the retaining groove inside the fixed cylinder, achieving the re-engagement and fixation of the adjusting gear and the fixed cylinder. This ensures stable power transmission when subsequent parts rotate. Similarly, when disassembling parts, the arc-shaped sliding hole drives the sliding column to slide along the reverse trajectory when the adjusting disc rotates in the opposite direction. The sliding column drives the sliding rod to move along the slide rail to the outside of the fixed seat, separating the fan-shaped clamping plate from the outer wall of the part and releasing the locking of the part. Compared with the shortcomings of existing multi-station CNC lathes where the clamping and disassembly operations of each station are independent and require manual or separate drive mechanisms to operate one by one, this effectively avoids the problems of cumbersome operation and long time consumption. At the same time, it avoids the problem of poor station switching and clamping and disassembly connection caused by inconsistent operation sequence, improving production efficiency and processing consistency.

[0017] 2. This invention activates a first servo motor, whose output shaft drives the main spindle to rotate. A switching disk fixed at the end of the main spindle rotates synchronously, driving four mounting disks fixed on one side to rotate synchronously, thus achieving workstation switching. During the switching process, the components on the four mounting disks remain clamped, eliminating the need for secondary clamping, effectively reducing clamping time and positioning errors, and improving workstation switching efficiency. Because the locking strip outside the fixed ring is engaged with the slot inside the fixed cylinder, the adjusting gear and fixed cylinder are stably engaged. The second servo motor drives the drive gear and gear ring to rotate synchronously. The gear ring drives the transmission gear of the corresponding processing station to rotate. The fixed cylinder, through the engagement of the fixed ring and the adjusting gear, allows the transmission gear to drive the connecting shaft and adjusting disk to rotate via the adjusting gear. The adjusting disk, through the slide rod and clamping plate, drives the components to rotate synchronously. Since all four engaging components mesh with the gear ring, multiple workstation components can rotate independently and synchronously, adapting to the needs of parallel processing of multiple processes while ensuring the stability and coaxiality of the rotation of components at each workstation, further improving processing accuracy and efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the worktable and tool holder of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the switching disk of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the switching disk of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the mounting plate of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the locking component of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the switching disk of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the driving component of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustment component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the support component of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the locking component of the present invention.

[0030] The attached diagram lists the components represented by each number as follows:

[0031] 1. Base; 2. Lathe frame; 3. Worktable; 4. Tool post; 5. Protective door; 6. First servo motor; 7. Spindle; 8. Switching plate; 9. Mounting plate; 10. Fixed seat; 11. Slide rail; 12. Locking assembly; 121. Adjustment plate; 122. Arc-shaped sliding hole; 123. Slide column; 124. Slide rod; 125. Clamping plate; 126. Connecting shaft; 127. Limiting bar; 13. Pre-limiting assembly; 131. Pressure plate; 132. Guide plate; 133. Guide rod; 134. First spring; 14. Drive assembly; 141. Second servo motor; 142. Drive gear; 143. Gear ring; 144. Support bearing; 15. Adjustment assembly; 151. Rotary ring; 152. Support rod; 153. Sliding shaft; 154. Rotary handle; 155. Annular groove; 156. Tooth; 16. Engaging assembly; 161. Transmission gear; 162. Fixed cylinder; 163. Limit bearing; 164. Slot; 165. Adjusting gear; 166. Fixed ring; 167. Locking strip; 168. Guide hole; 17. Support assembly; 171. Push ring; 172. Ball bearing; 173. Guide post; 174. Second spring. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Please see Figures 1-11 The present invention provides a technical solution:

[0034] A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts includes a base 1, a lathe frame 2 and a worktable 3 mounted on the base 1. The worktable 3 is located inside the lathe frame 2. A protective door 5 is installed at the opening on the front side of the lathe frame 2. A tool post 4 and a first servo motor 6 are respectively mounted on both sides of the worktable 3. A spindle 7 is fixed to the output shaft of the first servo motor 6. A switching disk 8 is fixedly connected to the end of the spindle 7. Four mounting disks 9 are fixedly connected to one side of the switching disk 8. A fixing seat 10 is fixed in the middle of the mounting disk 9. A locking component 12 is sleeved inside the fixing seat 10. Four pre-limiting components 13 are installed through the edge of the inner wall of the mounting disk 9. Corresponding to the position of locking component 12, drive component 14 and adjustment component 15 are installed inside the switching disk 8. One end of adjustment component 15 passes through the switching disk 8 and extends between the four mounting disks 9. Four engaging components 16 are externally engaged with adjustment component 15 and drive component 14. One end of locking component 12 passes through mounting disk 9 and is rotatably connected to one side inside the switching disk 8 through a bushing. Engaging components 16 are sleeved on the outside of locking component 12. One end of engaging component 16 passes through the switching disk 8 and is fixed to the middle of mounting disk 9. Support component 17 is attached to the side of adjustment component 15 away from mounting disk 9. Support component 17 is installed in the switching disk 8.

[0035] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the locking assembly 12 includes an adjusting plate 121, which is rotatably fitted onto the middle of the fixed base 10. The adjusting plate 121 has six arc-shaped sliding holes 122, and a sliding column 123 slides through the arc-shaped sliding holes 122. A sliding rod 124 is fixed to the end of the sliding column 123, and a clamping plate 125 is fixed to the other end of the sliding rod 124. The clamping plate 125 is fan-shaped. A slide rail 11 is provided in the fixed base 10 at the position corresponding to the six sliding rods 124. The sliding rod 124 slides through the slide rail 11. A connecting shaft 126 is fixed to the middle of the adjusting plate 121. One end of the connecting shaft 126 passes through the mounting plate 9 and is rotatably connected to one side of the switching plate 8 through a bushing. Two limiting strips 127 are fixed to the outside of the connecting shaft 126.

[0036] During operation, when the adjusting disc 121 rotates, the six arc-shaped sliding holes 122 inside it drive the sliding column 123 that passes through it to slide along the arc-shaped trajectory. The sliding column 123 drives the sliding rod 124 fixed at the end to slide along the slide rail 11 on the fixed seat 10. The four sliding rods 124 simultaneously unfold outward from the fixed seat 10, thereby driving the fan-shaped clamping plate 125 at the end to simultaneously clamp the inner wall of the component until the four clamping plates 125 are tightly attached to the component, realizing the synchronous locking and clamping of the components on the four mounting discs 9.

[0037] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the pre-limiting component 13 includes a pressure plate 131, which is positioned corresponding to the clamping plate 125. An inclined guide plate 132 is fixed on the side of the pressure plate 131 away from the mounting plate 9. A guide rod 133 is fixed on the outer side of the pressure plate 131. The guide rod 133 slides through the edge of the mounting plate 9, and a first spring 134 is sleeved on the guide rod 133. The first spring 134 is fixed between the pressure plate 131 and the inner wall of the mounting plate 9.

[0038] During operation, the edge of the component contacts the guide plate 132 of the pre-limiting assembly 13. The guide plate 132 is designed to be inclined, which can guide the component and guide it to be quickly positioned at the center of the fixed seat 10 to avoid placement deviation. Under the pressure of the component, the guide rod 133 slides into the mounting plate 9, while compressing the outer spring 134. The first spring 134 generates a reverse elastic force, pushing the pressure plate 131 to fit tightly against the outer wall of the component, so that the pressure plate 131 can initially limit the component and prevent it from slipping after being released. Together with the clamping plate 125, it supports and limits the inside of the component, improving the stability of locking the component.

[0039] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the drive assembly 14 includes a second servo motor 141, which is fixed to one side inside the switching disk 8. The output shaft of the second servo motor 141 is fixed with a drive gear 142, and a gear ring 143 is externally meshed with the drive gear 142. A support bearing 144 is sleeved on one side of the gear ring 143, and the support bearing 144 is snapped into the switching disk 8. The outer teeth of the gear ring 143 are meshed with four engaging assemblies 16.

[0040] During operation, the speed of the second servo motor 141 is controlled. The second servo motor 141 drives the drive gear 142 and the gear ring 143 to rotate synchronously. The gear ring 143 drives the transmission gear 161 of the corresponding processing station to rotate, so that the locking assembly 16 can drive the parts to rotate synchronously through the mounting plate 9, keeping the parts of the four stations rotating synchronously, and ensuring the stability and coaxiality of the workpiece rotation at each station.

[0041] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment component 15 includes a rotating ring 151, three support rods 152 are fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring 151, a sliding shaft 153 is fixed at one end of the three support rods 152 opposite to each other, the sliding shaft 153 slides through the switching disk 8, and a handle 154 is fixed at one end extending to the outside of the switching disk 8. An annular groove 155 is provided on the outside of the rotating ring 151, and a set of teeth 156 is provided in the annular groove 155 corresponding to the positions of the four engaging components 16.

[0042] During operation, hold the handle 154 and push it toward the switching disk 8. This causes the sliding shaft 153 to slide in the middle of the switching disk 8 and move the rotating ring 151 to the left via the three support rods 152. This also causes the adjusting gear 165 in the engagement assembly 16 to move to the left. Because the annular groove 155 on the outside of the rotating ring 151 can limit the two sides of the adjusting gear 165, the adjusting gear 165 will not disengage from the rotating ring 151 while the rotating ring 151 moves synchronously with the adjusting gear 165. This ensures that the teeth 156 inside the annular groove 155 and the adjusting gear 165 are always in a meshing state.

[0043] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the engaging assembly 16 includes a transmission gear 161, which meshes with the external teeth of the gear ring 143. A fixing cylinder 162 is fixed inside the transmission gear 161. One end of the fixing cylinder 162 is sleeved with a rotatable limit bearing 163. The limit bearing 163 is engaged in the switching disk 8, and the fixing cylinder 162 passes through the switching disk 8 and is fixedly connected to the middle of the mounting disk 9.

[0044] The engaging assembly 16 also includes an adjusting gear 165, which is sleeved and slidably mounted on the outside of the connecting shaft 126. Two guide holes 168 are provided on the inner wall of the adjusting gear 165. The limiting strip 127 is slidably connected in the guide holes 168. A fixing ring 166 is fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting gear 165 near the fixing cylinder 162. Several locking strips 167 are fixed on the outer wall of the fixing ring 166. The inner wall of the fixing cylinder 162 is provided with a locking groove 164 corresponding to the positions of the locking strips 167. The fixing ring 166 is sleeved in the fixing cylinder 162 and the outer locking strips 167 are locked in the locking groove 164.

[0045] During operation, the rotating ring 151 meshes with the adjusting gear 165 through the teeth 156 in the outer annular groove 155, driving the adjusting gear 165 to rotate synchronously. The adjusting gear 165 slides with the outer limiting strip 127 of the connecting shaft 126 through the inner guide hole 168. During the rotation of the parts, the limiting strip 127 on the outside of the connecting shaft 126 slides with the guide hole 168 on the inner wall of the adjusting gear 165 to ensure that the adjusting gear 165 and the connecting shaft 126 rotate synchronously, avoiding relative sliding that would cause the workpiece rotation speed to be unstable.

[0046] As a further embodiment of the present invention, the support assembly 17 includes a push ring 171, a plurality of balls 172 are mounted on one side of the push ring 171, the plurality of balls 172 overlap one side of the rotating ring 151, a plurality of guide posts 173 are fixed on the other side of the push ring 171, the guide posts 173 slide through one side of the switching disk 8, and a second spring 174 is sleeved on the outside of the guide posts 173, the second spring 174 is fixed between one side of the inner wall of the switching disk 8 and the push ring 171;

[0047] During operation, the push ring 171, under the elastic force of the second spring 174, is tightly engaged with the other side of the rotating ring 151 by the ball bearing 172 on one side. The ball bearing 172 reduces the friction when the rotating ring 151 rotates. At the same time, the push ring 171 restricts the axial displacement of the rotating ring 151 through the sliding engagement of the guide post 173 and the switching disk 8, ensuring the stable operation of the adjusting assembly 15 during operation. During the rotation of the parts, the ball bearing 172 of the supporting assembly 17 is always engaged with the rotating ring 151, ensuring the stability of the rotating ring 151 and indirectly ensuring the coaxiality of the parts rotation, avoiding the parts from shifting during rotation and affecting the machining accuracy.

[0048] Working principle of this invention:

[0049] The operator places the automotive casting parts to be processed on the fixed seats 10 of the four mounting plates 9. During placement, the edge of the part contacts the guide plate 132 of the pre-limiting component 13. The guide plate 132 is designed to be inclined to guide the part and guide it to be quickly positioned at the center of the fixed seat 10 to avoid placement deviation. The guide rod 133 slides into the mounting plate 9 under the pressure of the part, and at the same time compresses the outer spring 134. The first spring 134 generates a reverse elastic force, pushing the pressure plate 131 to fit tightly against the outer wall of the part. At the same time, the inner wall of the part contacts the outside of the locking component 12. Because the four pre-limiting components 13 are evenly distributed along the edge of the mounting plate 9, the pressure plate 131 can initially limit the part and prevent the part from shifting during the subsequent locking process.

[0050] When locking the components, hold the handle 154 and push it towards the switching disk 8. This causes the sliding shaft 153 to slide in the center of the switching disk 8 and move the rotating ring 151 to the left via the three support rods 152. This also moves the adjusting gear 165 to the left. Because the annular groove 155 on the outside of the rotating ring 151 can limit the two sides of the adjusting gear 165, the adjusting gear 165 will not disengage from the rotating ring 151 while the rotating ring 151 moves synchronously with the adjusting gear 165. This ensures that the teeth 156 inside the annular groove 155 are always engaged with the adjusting gear 165. Next, adjust... Gear 165 synchronously drives the fixed ring 166 to move to the left, causing the fixed ring 166 and the external retaining strip 167 to disengage from the retaining groove 164 inside the fixed cylinder 162. At this time, the adjusting gear 165 and the fixed ring 166 are in a free-moving state. By rotating the handle 154, the rotating ring 151 can be driven to rotate. The rotating ring 151 meshes with the adjusting gear 165 through the teeth 156 in the external annular groove 155, driving the adjusting gear 165 to rotate synchronously. The adjusting gear 165 slides with the external limiting strip 127 of the connecting shaft 126 through the guide hole 168 in the inner wall to ensure the stability of force transmission.

[0051] When the adjusting disc 121 rotates, its six arc-shaped sliding holes 122 drive the internally penetrating sliding column 123 to slide along an arc-shaped trajectory. The sliding column 123 drives the end-fixed sliding rod 124 to slide along the slide rail 11 on the fixed base 10. The four sliding rods 124 simultaneously extend outward from the fixed base 10, thereby driving the end-fixed fan-shaped clamping plates 125 to simultaneously clamp the inner wall of the component until the four clamping plates 125 are tightly fitted with the component, realizing the synchronous locking and clamping of the components on the four mounting discs 9. In conjunction with multiple pressure plates 131, the external clamping of the component is further improved, thus improving the stability of the component locking. Therefore, by finely adjusting the rotation angle of the adjusting disc 121, the sliding rod 124 can be finely adjusted. The clamping force of clamping plate 125 is adapted to automotive casting parts with different wall thicknesses and sizes, avoiding excessive clamping force that may cause deformation of parts, or insufficient clamping force that may cause parts to loosen during processing. After fine adjustment, the rotating handle 154 is released, and the push ring 171 of the support assembly 17 pushes the rotating ring 151 to the right to reset under the elastic force of the second spring 174, driving the adjusting gear 165 and the fixed ring 166 to move to the right simultaneously, so that the retaining strip 167 outside the fixed ring 166 re-engages into the retaining groove 164 inside the fixed cylinder 162, realizing the re-engagement and fixation of the adjusting gear 165 and the fixed cylinder 162, ensuring stable power transmission when the parts rotate subsequently.

[0052] After the automotive parts are synchronously clamped, the workstation switching process begins. The first servo motor 6 is started, and the output shaft of the first servo motor 6 drives the spindle 7 to rotate. The switching disk 8 fixed at the end of the spindle 7 rotates synchronously, and the switching disk 8 drives the four mounting disks 9 fixed on one side to rotate synchronously, realizing the workstation switching. During the switching process, the CNC system precisely controls the speed and rotation angle of the first servo motor 6 to ensure that the switching disk 8 stops precisely when it rotates to the preset processing position, so that the parts to be processed in the mounting disks 9 correspond to the positions of the tool holder 4, ensuring the accuracy of the processing position. During the switching process, the parts on the four mounting disks 9 always remain clamped and do not require secondary clamping.

[0053] After the workstation is switched to the correct position, the parts at the current machining station need to be rotated to cooperate with the tool holder 4 to complete machining operations such as turning and drilling. Because the retaining strip 167 outside the fixed ring 166 is in the state of being engaged with the retaining groove 164 inside the fixed cylinder 162, the adjusting gear 165 is stably engaged with the fixed cylinder 162. According to the machining requirements, the speed of the second servo motor 141 is controlled by the CNC system. The second servo motor 141 drives the drive gear 142 and the gear ring 143 to rotate synchronously. The gear ring 143 drives the transmission gear 161 of the corresponding machining station to rotate. The fixed cylinder 162 is engaged with the adjusting gear 165 through the retaining ring 166, so that the transmission gear 161 passes through the adjusting gear 165. 5 drives the connecting shaft 126 and the adjusting plate 121 to rotate. The adjusting plate 121 drives the parts to rotate synchronously through the slide rod 124 and the clamping plate 125. Since the four locking components 16 are engaged with the gear ring 143, the rotating handle 154 can be held again and pushed towards the switching plate 8 according to the processing requirements. The above adjustment process is repeated so that the fixed ring 166 is separated from the fixed cylinder 162 and the adjusting gear 165 is in a free state. Then the sliding adjusting gear 165 moves along the connecting shaft 126 to realize the separation of the adjusting gear 165 of multiple workstations from the fixed cylinder 162. Finally, the independent rotation of the parts at multiple workstations is realized, while maintaining the synchronous rotation of the parts at four workstations, which is suitable for multi-process processing requirements.

Claims

1. A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts, comprising a base (1), characterized in that: A lathe frame (2) and a worktable (3) are mounted on the base (1). The worktable (3) is located inside the lathe frame (2). A protective door (5) is installed at the opening on the front side of the lathe frame (2). A tool post (4) and a first servo motor (6) are respectively mounted on both sides of the worktable (3). A spindle (7) is fixed on the output shaft of the first servo motor (6). A switching disk (8) is fixedly connected to the end of the spindle (7). Four mounting disks (9) are fixedly connected to one side of the switching disk (8). A fixing seat (10) is fixed in the middle of the mounting disk (9). A locking component (12) is sleeved inside the fixing seat (10). Four pre-limiting components (13) are installed through the edge of the inner wall of the mounting disk (9). The pre-limiting components (13) and the locking components (12) are connected. Corresponding to the position, the switching disk (8) is internally equipped with a drive assembly (14) and an adjustment assembly (15). One end of the adjustment assembly (15) passes through the switching disk (8) and extends between the four mounting disks (9). The adjustment assembly (15) and the drive assembly (14) are externally engaged with four locking assemblies (16). One end of the locking assembly (12) passes through the mounting disk (9) and is rotatably connected to one side of the inside of the switching disk (8) through a bushing. The locking assembly (16) is sleeved on the outside of the locking assembly (12). One end of the locking assembly (16) passes through the switching disk (8) and is fixed to the middle of the mounting disk (9). The side of the adjustment assembly (15) away from the mounting disk (9) is connected to a support assembly (17). The support assembly (17) is installed in the switching disk (8).

2. The CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking assembly (12) includes an adjusting plate (121), which is rotatably fitted onto the middle of the fixed base (10). The adjusting plate (121) has six arc-shaped sliding holes (122), and a sliding column (123) slides through the arc-shaped sliding holes (122). A sliding rod (124) is fixed at the end of the sliding column (123), and a clamping plate (125) is fixed at the other end of the sliding rod (124). The clamping plate (125) is fan-shaped. A slide rail (11) is provided in the fixed base (10) at the position corresponding to the six sliding rods (124). The sliding rod (124) slides through the slide rail (11). A connecting shaft (126) is fixed in the middle of the adjusting plate (121). One end of the connecting shaft (126) passes through the mounting plate (9) and is rotatably connected to one side of the switching plate (8) through a bushing. Two limiting strips (127) are fixed outside the connecting shaft (126).

3. The CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pre-limiting component (13) includes a pressure plate (131), which is positioned opposite to the clamping plate (125). An inclined guide plate (132) is fixed on the side of the pressure plate (131) away from the mounting plate (9). A guide rod (133) is fixed on the outer side of the pressure plate (131). The guide rod (133) slides through the edge of the mounting plate (9), and a first spring (134) is sleeved on the guide rod (133). The first spring (134) is fixed between the pressure plate (131) and the inner wall of the mounting plate (9).

4. The CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 3, characterized in that: The drive assembly (14) includes a second servo motor (141), which is fixed to one side inside the switching disk (8). The output shaft of the second servo motor (141) is fixed with a drive gear (142). The drive gear (142) is externally meshed with a gear ring (143). A support bearing (144) is sleeved on one side of the gear ring (143). The support bearing (144) is snapped into the switching disk (8). The outer teeth of the gear ring (143) are meshed with four engaging assemblies (16).

5. A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 4, characterized in that: The adjustment component (15) includes a rotating ring (151). Three support rods (152) are fixed on the inner wall of the rotating ring (151). A sliding shaft (153) is fixed at one end of the three support rods (152) opposite to each other. The sliding shaft (153) slides through the switching disk (8) and a handle (154) is fixed at one end extending to the outside of the switching disk (8). An annular groove (155) is provided on the outside of the rotating ring (151). A set of teeth (156) is provided in the annular groove (155) corresponding to the positions of the four engaging components (16).

6. A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 5, characterized in that: The engaging assembly (16) includes a transmission gear (161), which meshes with the external teeth of the gear ring (143). A fixed cylinder (162) is fixed inside the transmission gear (161). One end of the fixed cylinder (162) is fitted with a rotatable limit bearing (163), which is engaged in the switching disk (8). The fixed cylinder (162) passes through the switching disk (8) and is fixedly connected to the middle of the mounting disk (9).

7. A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 6, characterized in that: The engaging assembly (16) further includes an adjusting gear (165), which is sleeved and slidably mounted on the outside of the connecting shaft (126). The inner wall of the adjusting gear (165) has two guide holes (168). The limiting strip (127) is slidably connected in the guide holes (168). A fixing ring (166) is fixedly connected to the side of the adjusting gear (165) near the fixing cylinder (162). Several locking strips (167) are fixed on the outer wall of the fixing ring (166). The inner wall of the fixing cylinder (162) has a locking groove (164) corresponding to the position of several locking strips (167). The fixing ring (166) is sleeved in the fixing cylinder (162) and the outer locking strips (167) are locked in the locking groove (164).

8. A CNC lathe for multi-station machining of automotive casting parts according to claim 7, characterized in that: The support assembly (17) includes a push ring (171), on one side of which are a plurality of ball bearings (172), which overlap on one side of the rotating ring (151). On the other side of the push ring (171) are a plurality of guide posts (173), which slide through one side of the switching disk (8). A second spring (174) is sleeved on the outside of the guide post (173), which is fixed between the inner wall of the switching disk (8) and the push ring (171).

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