Long-life vehicle gear oil composition as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil preparation, and particularly relates to a long-life vehicle gear oil composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition comprises the following components: a multifunctional friction modifier, a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent and base oil, wherein the chemical structure of the multifunctional friction modifier is as shown in formula (1). According to the long-life vehicle gear oil composition provided by the invention, the multifunctional boron-phosphorus friction modifier is compounded with other additives, and then is blended with the fully-synthetic base oil, so that the oil product shows excellent wear resistance, durability and oxidation resistance, the service life of the oil product is effectively prolonged, and the current lubrication requirement of prolonging the oil change period is met; the long-life vehicle gear oil composition is simple in preparation process, low in cost and suitable for industrial production. In the formula (1), R is C3-C16 straight-chain alkane, n = 5-15, and r = 1-6.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lubricant preparation technology, specifically relating to a long-life vehicle gear oil composition, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Heavy-duty vehicle gear oil is an important category of lubricants, suitable for vehicle gears operating under high-speed impact loads, high-speed low torque, and low-speed high torque conditions. It is particularly important for the hypoid gear drive axles of buses and other vehicles, where it primarily serves to lubricate and transmit power. Generally, heavy-duty vehicle gear oils require the addition of various additives such as extreme pressure anti-wear agents, antioxidants, metal passivators, rust inhibitors, dispersants, detergents, and antifoaming agents.

[0003] Currently, domestic heavy-duty vehicle gear oil technology still recommends oil change intervals of 50,000-100,000 km, but both domestic and international standards call for oil change intervals of 800,000-1,200,000 km. It is desirable for the oil to maintain stable viscosity throughout long-term driving tests, avoiding viscosity degradation during prolonged shearing processes and preventing excessive viscosity increases due to oxidation. Furthermore, it is crucial to prevent corrosion, rust, and wear on hardware materials during long-term operation. Selecting high-performance additives can effectively ensure the normal operation of vehicle components, extend their service life, and provide safety assurance for vehicle operation.

[0004] Chinese invention patent publication number CN109135871A discloses a heavy-duty vehicle gear oil composition and its preparation method. The heavy-duty vehicle gear oil composition comprises, by weight, 100 parts of heavy-duty vehicle gear oil and 0.01-10 parts of extreme pressure anti-wear agent. The heavy-duty vehicle gear oil is Great Wall GL-5 75W-90 heavy-duty vehicle gear oil, and the extreme pressure anti-wear agent is selected from one or more of monoalkyl long-chain acidic phosphites, dithiocarbamates, dimercaptothiadiazoles, or hydroxythiadiazole derivatives.

[0005] Another Chinese invention patent publication, CN114717038A, discloses a general-purpose gear oil additive composition, which comprises the following components: (A) sulfur-containing extreme pressure additive: 75-95 parts by weight; (B) multifunctional phosphorus-containing additive: 2-15 parts by weight; (C) multifunctional nitrogen-containing additive: 2-10 parts by weight; (D) solubilizer and rust inhibitor: 1-8 parts by weight. When the above additive composition is added to a base oil at 3.2-3.8 wt%, heavy-duty vehicle gear oil meeting the specifications of GB13895-2018 (API GL-5) can be prepared. When the above additive composition is added to a base oil at 1.0 wt%, heavy-duty industrial gear oil meeting the specifications of GB5903-2011 can be prepared.

[0006] Another Chinese invention patent publication, CN114381320A, discloses a gear oil additive composition, its preparation method, and its application. The gear oil additive composition, based on 100 parts by weight, includes: 70-90 parts of a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent; 3-15 parts of an anti-wear and copper slow-release agent complex; and 0.5-5 parts of a rust inhibitor. The anti-wear and copper slow-release agent complex is a mixture of alkyl dithiothiadiazole amine salt and acidic phosphate amine salt prepared by a one-step method. Adding this gear oil additive composition to 85W / 90 base oil at 3.18 wt% can prepare vehicle gear oil that meets the specifications of GB13895-2018.

[0007] However, the gear oil composition prepared by the aforementioned invention patent is not ideal in terms of anti-wear durability, oil service life and oxidation resistance. It has a complex composition, high cost and is not suitable for industrial production.

[0008] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the field to develop a long-life vehicle gear oil with excellent anti-wear durability and oxidation resistance to meet the lubrication requirements of long oil change intervals for heavy-duty vehicle gear oils. Summary of the Invention

[0009] This invention addresses the problems existing in the prior art by providing a long-life vehicle gear oil composition, its preparation method, and its application.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition comprises the following components: a multifunctional friction modifier, a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, and a base oil, wherein the chemical structure of the multifunctional friction modifier is shown in formula (1):

[0012]

[0013] In formula (1), R is a straight-chain alkane of C3-C16, n = 5-15, r = 1-6.

[0014] More preferably, R is a C4-C13 straight-chain alkane, n = 6-15, r = 2-6.

[0015] Preferably, the sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent is selected from one or two of isobutylene sulfide, polysulfide olefin and alkyl polysulfide.

[0016] More preferably, the polysulfide olefin is selected from one or more of sulfurized isobutylene, sulfurized tributene ketone, and sulfurized triisobutylene.

[0017] More preferably, the alkyl polysulfide is selected from one or more of zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dibutylaminodisulfide, and dibenzyldisulfide.

[0018] Preferably, the phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent is selected from two or three of alkyl thiocarbamates, thiophosphate amine salts, acidic phosphate amine salts, and alkyl phosphite amine salts.

[0019] More preferably, the alkyl thiocarbamate is selected from one or more of molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate, antimony dialkyl dithiocarbamate, and bismuth dialkyl dithiocarbamate.

[0020] More preferably, the thiophosphate amine salt is selected from one or more of T307, T310A and O,O-dimethyldithiophosphate ammonium.

[0021] Preferably, the base oil includes polyalphaolefin base oil and ester base oil.

[0022] Preferably, the mass ratio of the polyalphaolefin base oil to the ester base oil is 9-12:1-2.

[0023] Preferably, the components further include a dispersant and a metal passivator.

[0024] Preferably, the dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide.

[0025] Preferably, the metal passivating agent is selected from one or both of benzotriazole dialkylamine formaldehyde condensate and thiadiazole alkyl thiol hydrogen peroxide condensate.

[0026] Preferably, by weight percentage, it comprises the following components: 0.5-10% multifunctional friction modifier, 2-8% sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, 0.5-5% phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, 0.01-1% dispersant, 0.01-10% metal passivator, and base oil to make up to 100%.

[0027] More preferably, by weight percentage, it comprises the following components: 1-8% multifunctional friction modifier, 2-7% sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, 0.5-4% phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, 0.05-1% dispersant, 0.05-5% metal passivator, and base oil to make up to 100%.

[0028] More preferably, by weight percentage, it comprises the following components: 1-7% multifunctional friction modifier, 2-6% sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, 1-4% phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, 0.1-1% dispersant, 0.05-3% metal passivator, and base oil to make up to 100%.

[0029] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition, comprising the following steps: first adding an antifoaming agent to a base oil, then adding a multifunctional friction modifier, a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, a dispersant and a metal passivator, mixing well, filtering, and obtaining the final product.

[0030] Preferably, the antifoaming agent is selected from one or more of dimethyl silicone oil, acrylate homopolymer, acrylate copolymer, methacrylate homopolymer, methacrylate copolymer, No. 1 composite antifoaming agent and No. 2 composite antifoaming agent.

[0031] Preferably, the base oil needs to be heated to 65-75℃ and stirred for 90-120 minutes; after the antifoaming agent is added, it needs to be stirred at 65-75℃ for 90-120 minutes, and then cooled to 40-50℃; after the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator are added, it needs to be stirred for 90-120 minutes; the filtration pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa.

[0032] The present invention also provides the application of the above-described long-life vehicle gear oil composition or the long-life vehicle gear oil composition prepared by the above-described preparation method in the preparation of gear lubricating oil.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] The long-life vehicle gear oil composition provided by this invention uses a multifunctional boron-phosphorus friction modifier compounded with other additives and then blended with fully synthetic base oils to give the oil excellent anti-wear durability and anti-oxidation properties, effectively extending the service life of the oil and meeting the current lubrication requirements for extended oil change intervals; moreover, the preparation process of this long-life vehicle gear oil composition is simple and low-cost, making it suitable for industrial production. Detailed Implementation

[0035] Example 1

[0036] The preparation method of the multifunctional friction modifier of the present invention is as follows:

[0037] Boron-phosphated polyisobutyleneamine was mixed with an alkyl ester at a molar ratio of 1:2, heated to 145°C and held for 2 hours; then heated to 165°C and held for 1 hour. Petroleum ether was then added and the mixture was refluxed to remove water. The remaining mixture was then rotary evaporated to obtain the compound shown in formula (2). Finally, phosphoric acid was used as an acid catalyst to react with succinimide at 150°C for 2 hours to obtain the compound shown in formula (1).

[0038]

[0039] In equations (1) and (2), R is a C8 straight-chain alkane.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 1 by weight percentage:

[0042] Table 1. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0043]

[0044] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0045] (1) Heat the base oil to 70°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0046] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 70°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 45°C; add the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0047] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0048] Example 3

[0049] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 2 by mass percentage:

[0050] Table 2. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0051]

[0052] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0053] (1) Heat the base oil to 65°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0054] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 65°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 40°C; add the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0055] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.2 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0056] Example 4

[0057] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 3 by mass percentage:

[0058] Table 3. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0062] (1) Heat the base oil to 75°C and stir for 90 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0063] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 75°C for 90 min, and then cool down to 50°C; add the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 90 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0064] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.2 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0065] Example 5

[0066] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 4 by mass percentage:

[0067] Table 4. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0068]

[0069] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0070] (1) Heat the base oil to 75°C and stir for 90 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0071] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 75°C for 90 min, and then cool down to 50°C; add the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 90 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0072] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.2 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0073] Comparative Example 1

[0074] Same as Example 2, except that the components do not contain the multifunctional boron-phosphorus friction modifier.

[0075] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 5 by mass percentage:

[0076] Table 5. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0077]

[0078] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0079] (1) Heat the base oil to 70°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0080] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 70°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 45°C; add sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0081] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0082] Comparative Example 2

[0083] Same as Example 2, except that the multifunctional boron-phosphorus friction modifier is replaced with benzotriazole fatty acid amine salt T406.

[0084] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 6 by mass percentage:

[0085] Table 6. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0089] (1) Heat the base oil to 70°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0090] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 70°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 45°C; add benzotriazole fatty acid amine salt T406, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min to obtain mixture A.

[0091] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0092] Comparative Example 3

[0093] Same as Example 2, except that the multifunctional boron-phosphorus friction modifier is replaced with molybdenum dialkyl dithiophosphate.

[0094] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 7 by mass percentage:

[0095] Table 7. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0096]

[0097] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0098] (1) Heat the base oil to 70°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0099] (2) Add antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 70°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 45°C; add dialkyl dithiophosphate molybdenum, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min to obtain mixture A.

[0100] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0101] Comparative Example 4

[0102] Same as Example 2, except that the alkyl (dodecyl) phosphite ester amine salt is replaced with benzotriazole fatty acid amine salt T406.

[0103] A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, the composition of which is shown in Table 8 by mass percentage:

[0104] Table 8. Components and proportions of long-life vehicle gear oil compositions

[0105]

[0106] The preparation method of the above-mentioned long-life vehicle gear oil composition is as follows:

[0107] (1) Heat the base oil to 70°C and stir for 120 minutes to mix it thoroughly;

[0108] (2) Add the antifoaming agent acrylate copolymer (the amount of antifoaming agent added accounts for 0.05% of the total mass of the long-life vehicle gear oil composition), stir at 70°C for 120 min, and then cool down to 45°C; add the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, stir for 120 min, and obtain mixture A.

[0109] (3) Finally, the mixture A is filtered at a pressure of 0.3 MPa to obtain the final product.

[0110] Test case

[0111] The performance of the long-life vehicle gear oil compositions prepared in Examples 2-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested respectively. The test items and methods are as follows:

[0112] Kinematic viscosity (100℃, mm) 2 / s): Refer to GB / T 265-1988 "Determination of Kinematic Viscosity of Petroleum Products";

[0113] Apparent viscosity (-40℃, mPa·s): Refer to GB / T 11145-2014 "Determination of Low Viscosity of Lubricants";

[0114] DKA oxidation stability test (160h, 192h): Refer to CEC L-48-A-00, with viscosity growth rate (100℃, %) and test tube rating as the evaluation indicators;

[0115] Drive axle cyclic bench test: Refer to QC / T 533-2020 "Commercial Vehicle Drive Axle Assembly", with the number of cycles (times) and temperature rise (°C) as the evaluation indicators.

[0116] The performance test data is shown in Table 9.

[0117] Table 9 Test data of the long-life vehicle gear oil compositions prepared in Examples 2-5 and Comparative Examples 1-4

[0118]

[0119] As shown in Table 9, the long-life vehicle gear oil compositions prepared in Examples 2-5 have better anti-wear durability and oxidation resistance than those in Comparative Examples 1-4. Furthermore, after passing the 500,000-cycle bench test of the drive axle, the oil change cycle reaches 800,000 km, effectively extending the service life of the oil and meeting the lubrication requirements of long oil change cycles for heavy-duty vehicle gear oils.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention do not depart from the essence and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A long-life vehicle gear oil composition, characterized in that, It comprises the following components: a multifunctional friction modifier, a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, and a base oil. The chemical structure of the multifunctional friction modifier is shown in formula (1). In formula (1), R is a straight-chain alkane of C3-C16, n = 5-15, r = 1-6.

2. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent is selected from one or two of isobutylene sulfide, polysulfide olefin and alkyl polysulfide.

3. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 2, characterized in that, The polysulfide olefin is selected from one or more of sulfurized isobutylene, sulfurized tributene ketone, and sulfurized triisobutylene, and the alkyl polysulfide is selected from one or more of zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, dibutylaminodisulfide, and dibenzyldisulfide.

4. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent is selected from two or three of the following: alkyl thiocarbamate, thiophosphate amine salt, butyl isooctyl phosphate dodecammonium salt, and alkyl phosphite amine salt.

5. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 4, characterized in that, The alkyl thiocarbamate is selected from one or more of molybdenum dialkyl dithiocarbamate, antimony dialkyl dithiocarbamate, and bismuth dialkyl dithiocarbamate, and the thiophosphate amine salt is selected from one or more of T307, T310A, and O,O-dimethyldithiophosphate ammonium.

6. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base oils include polyalphaolefin base oils and ester base oils.

7. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the polyalphaolefin base oil to the ester base oil is 9-12:1-2.

8. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The components also include dispersants and metal passivators.

9. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 8, characterized in that, The dispersant is polyisobutylene succinimide.

10. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 8, characterized in that, The metal passivating agent is selected from one or both of benzotriazole dialkylamine formaldehyde condensate and thiadiazole alkyl thiol hydrogen peroxide condensate.

11. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to any one of claims 8-10, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it comprises the following components: 0.5-10% multifunctional friction modifier, 2-8% sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, 0.5-5% phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, 0.01-1% dispersant, 0.05-10% metal passivator, and base oil to make up to 100%.

12. The long-life vehicle gear oil composition according to claim 11, characterized in that, By weight percentage, it comprises the following components: 1-8% multi-functional friction modifier, 2-7% sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, 0.5-4% phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, 0.05-1% dispersant, 0.05-5% metal passivator, and base oil to make up to 100%.

13. A method for preparing a long-life vehicle gear oil composition as described in any one of claims 8-12, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: First, add an antifoaming agent to the base oil, then add a multifunctional friction modifier, a sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, a dispersant, and a metal passivator. Mix well and filter to obtain the final product.

14. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The antifoaming agent is selected from one or more of dimethyl silicone oil, acrylate homopolymer, acrylate copolymer, methacrylate homopolymer, methacrylate copolymer, No. 1 composite antifoaming agent, and No. 2 composite antifoaming agent.

15. The preparation method according to claim 13, characterized in that, The base oil needs to be heated to 65-75℃ and stirred for 90-120 minutes; after adding the antifoaming agent, it needs to be stirred at 65-75℃ for 90-120 minutes, and then cooled to 40-50℃; after adding the multifunctional friction modifier, sulfur-containing extreme pressure agent, phosphorus-containing anti-wear agent, dispersant and metal passivator, it needs to be stirred for 90-120 minutes; the filtration pressure is 0.2-0.3 MPa.

16. The use of a long-life vehicle gear oil composition as described in any one of claims 1-12 or a long-life vehicle gear oil composition prepared by the preparation method as described in any one of claims 13-15 in the preparation of gear lubricants.

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