Game assembly system for nucleic acid structure and genetic information transfer teaching

Abstract

The invention provides a game assembly system for nucleic acid structure and genetic information transfer teaching. The assembly system adopts entity cards which can be independently operated and combined, and is divided into at least five levels according to a nucleic acid structure composition relationship: a nucleic acid whole body, DNA / RNA or a nucleotide set, a nucleotide category, and specific nucleotides and basic structure units (basic groups, pentose and phosphoric acid). Each basic unit is provided with a connecting structure, each nucleotide card is provided with a receiving structure, the connecting structures and the receiving structures are differentially coded according to a composition relation, and corresponding nucleotides can be formed by stable connection only when the types and the number of the selected basic units are matched; and physical mistake proofing is realized, and the teaching intuition and accuracy are improved by displaying the hierarchical composition of nucleic acid through the corresponding inclusion of the high-level and low-level components.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of teaching aids and components, specifically to a game component system for teaching nucleic acid structure and genetic information transmission. Background Technology

[0002] In the current teaching process, nucleic acid-related knowledge is usually explained through textual descriptions, two-dimensional diagrams, or static models. This type of teaching method has the following technical shortcomings in practical applications: (1) Nucleic acids and their constituent units are microscopic structures, and two-dimensional or static display methods are not able to intuitively reflect their compositional relationships and hierarchical structures; (2) The relationships between nucleic acids, nucleotides, and their basic structural units are complex, and it is difficult to reflect the combination logic and hierarchical correspondence between structural units through planar diagrams alone; (3) Existing teaching aids focus on displaying a single level and lack teaching components that can modularly disassemble nucleic acid structures and reconstruct them according to real structural relationships; (4) There is a lack of a teaching device that can restrict incorrect combinations at the physical level through the physical structure cooperation relationship, thereby accurately reflecting the compositional relationship of nucleotide structures.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a teaching component system with a clear structural hierarchy, modular components, and hierarchical constraints achieved through the cooperation of physical structures. This system enables nucleic acid constituent units at different structural levels to be displayed in a disassembled and combinable manner, and to intuitively reflect the real compositional relationships of nucleic acid structures through the cooperation of physical structures, thereby improving the intuitiveness and accuracy of nucleic acid structure teaching and demonstration. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The problem that the invention aims to solve This invention aims to address the problem that existing nucleic acid teaching devices struggle to modularly decompose and combine nucleic acid structural levels in a physical manner, and that when demonstrating the combination of nucleotides and their basic structural units, there is a lack of teaching component systems that can physically restrict erroneous combinations and accurately reflect the true structural composition of nucleic acids. Specifically, existing teaching tools typically only statically display a single level of nucleic acid structure, failing to simultaneously demonstrate the hierarchical composition of nucleic acids—from bases, pentose sugars, and phosphate groups to nucleotides, and further to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or ribonucleic acid (RNA). Furthermore, during multi-component combination demonstrations, there is a lack of a technical means to constrain the combination between different structural levels through physical structural cooperation, easily leading to erroneous combinations that do not conform to the true structure of nucleic acids. Therefore, this invention provides a modular teaching component system based on nucleic acid structural levels. By setting differentiated physical connections and cooperation structures for components at different structural levels, the combination process of components is physically constrained, thereby achieving accurate and stable demonstration of the hierarchical relationship of nucleic acid structures.

[0005] Solution for solving the problem In one aspect, a game component system for teaching nucleic acid structure and genetic information transmission is provided, characterized by comprising multiple game components, wherein the game components are constructed as independently operable and combinable physical units, and the game components are divided into multiple levels according to the structural composition relationship of nucleic acids, with different levels of game components corresponding to different compositional levels in the nucleic acid structure, wherein the multiple levels include at least: a first-level game component, corresponding to the nucleic acid as a whole; a second-level game component, corresponding to the main categories or sets of constituent units of nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and / or nucleotides; a third-level game component, corresponding to the nucleotide categories constituting deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid; a fourth-level game component, corresponding to specific nucleotide types; and a fifth-level game component, corresponding to the basic structural units constituting nucleotides, including at least one or more of bases, pentose sugars, and phosphates; wherein the fifth-level game component... Each game component is provided with a connection structure for combination and connection. The fourth-level game component is provided with a receiving structure that cooperates with the connection structure. The connection structure and the receiving structure are differentiated according to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides, so that the fifth-level game component can form a stable physical combination with the receiving structure through the connection structure only when the type and quantity of the fifth-level game component conform to the structural composition relationship of the corresponding nucleotides, thereby constituting the fourth-level game component. When the combination of the fifth-level game components does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, the connection structure and the receiving structure cannot form a stable connection in physical structure, thereby not constituting the fourth-level game component. Furthermore, the higher-level game component contains its lower-level game component in the structural hierarchy through the correspondence of physical structures, so as to form a hierarchical constraint of nucleic acid structure in the physical combination process of the components.

[0006] Invention Effects According to the present invention, by systematically dividing nucleic acid-related structures according to their biological composition and structural hierarchy, and setting the constituent units corresponding to different structural levels as modular entity components with differentiated connection and coordination structures, the hierarchical relationship of nucleic acid structure, which consists of basic structural units combining stepwise to form nucleotides and further constituting the nucleic acid as a whole, can be displayed in a physical combination manner. By utilizing the structural coordination relationships between the modular entity components, the present invention can physically restrict erroneous combinations that do not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationships during component assembly, thereby avoiding the formation of combinations inconsistent with the actual nucleic acid structure and improving the accuracy and stability of nucleic acid structure display. Furthermore, through the entity inclusion and combination relationships between components of different structural levels, the present invention can achieve layered display and reconstruction demonstration of nucleic acid structural hierarchy, effectively improving the problems of abstract nucleic acid structure display and unclear hierarchical relationships in existing teaching devices. Attached Figure Description

[0007] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram showing the first-level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0008] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the second-level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0009] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the third-level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0010] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the fourth level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0011] Figure 4 A is a schematic diagram showing the connection / receiving structure of the fourth-level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0012] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the fifth-level game component in Embodiment 1.

[0013] Figure 5 A is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection combination of phosphate, pentose, and thymine as an example.

[0014] Figure 5 B is a schematic diagram illustrating the connection combination of phosphate, pentose, and uracil as an example.

[0015] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the card hierarchy relationship established based on the nucleic acid structure hierarchy in Example 1.

[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the hierarchical correspondence using a specific deoxyribonucleotide as an example.

[0017] Figure 8This is a schematic diagram showing the structural relationship of a nucleotide, which is composed of a base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

[0018] Figure 9 This diagram illustrates the structural correspondences of nucleic acids during replication, transcription, translation, and reverse transcription.

[0019] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the correspondence between adenine-related nucleotides in the process of genetic information transmission.

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the correspondence between guanine and cytosine-related nucleotides in the process of genetic information transmission in Example 1.

[0021] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram showing the simplified fifth-level game component after merging the pentose and phosphate structures in Example 2.

[0022] Figure 12 A is a schematic diagram showing the connection and combination of a simplified fifth-level game component and a base component.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram that comprehensively illustrates the hierarchical structure and compositional relationships of nucleic acids.

[0024] Figure 14 This diagram illustrates the constitutive relationship between nucleotide hierarchies and their underlying basic structures.

[0025] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of nucleotides generated based on the phosphate-pentose backbone and the base-defined correspondence.

[0026] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the components that form a nucleoside structure by combining a base and a pentose sugar.

[0027] Figure 16 A is a schematic diagram showing the linkage of nucleoside and phosphate components to form a nucleotide.

[0028] Figure 17 This diagram illustrates the hierarchical relationship of nucleotide structures, which are formed step-by-step through the base, pentose, and phosphate groups.

[0029] Figure 18 This diagram illustrates the overall hierarchical relationship of nucleic acid structure cards, including the nucleoside intermediate level.

[0030] Figure 19 A schematic diagram of an extended implementation of the nucleic acid structure card system is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the following embodiments, a card system is used as an example of the game component system of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1: Structural Implementation of a Basic Nucleic Acid Card System This embodiment provides a game component system for teaching nucleic acid structure and genetic information transmission. The game component system uses physical cards as game components. Based on the compositional relationship of nucleic acid structure, the cards are divided into multiple structural levels. Through preset structural constraints, operable hierarchical constraints and combination constraints are formed between cards of different levels.

[0033] As shown in the attached diagram, the card system of this embodiment is a basic card assembly, which includes 72 physical cards. Each card is an independently operable physical unit. The front of the card is set with name information and corresponding structural diagram. The back of the card adopts a uniform design to ensure consistency in shuffling and dealing.

[0034] In this embodiment, the cards are divided into five levels according to their nucleic acid structure composition, and there are pre-defined structural constraints between cards of different levels, so that higher-level cards correspond to and contain lower-level cards at the structural level. In addition, the fourth-level cards can be designed to be formed only by combining fifth-level cards that match their structural type, thereby establishing a "combinable but restricted" hierarchical structural constraint at the system level.

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the first-level card is the nucleic acid card, and there is one of them. This card represents the overall structure of the biological macromolecules carrying genetic information within the cell. It occupies the highest structural level in the entire card system and is used to summarize the overall concept of nucleic acids. The first-level card is the highest-level card, higher than all subsequent cards. It can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or played using the base pairing principle.

[0036] like Figure 2 As shown, the second level of cards is used to represent the basic categories of nucleic acids and their constituent units, including: one nucleotide card; one deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) card; and one ribonucleic acid (RNA) card. The DNA card is used to represent the type of nucleic acid composed of deoxyribonucleotides, the RNA card is used to represent the type of nucleic acid composed of ribonucleotides, and the nucleotide card is used to represent the basic monomeric units that make up nucleic acids.

[0037] Nucleotide cards can beat all other cards except for "Nucleic Acid," "DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)," and "RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)." They can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or used to play cards based on the base pairing principle. Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) cards can beat the "Deoxyribonucleic Acid" card, as well as the four specific "Deoxyribonucleic Acid" cards (A, T, G, C) and the cards that form the basic structures of these four specific "Deoxyribonucleic Acids." They can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or used to play cards based on the base pairing principle. Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) cards can beat the "Ribonucleic Acid" card, as well as the four specific "Ribonucleic Acid" cards (A, U, G, C) and the cards that form the basic structures of these four specific "Ribonucleic Acids." They can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or used to play cards based on the base pairing principle.

[0038] like Figure 3 As shown, the third-level cards represent the basic structural units that make up DNA or RNA, including: two ribonucleotide cards and two deoxyribonucleotide cards. These third-level cards are positioned between the overall nucleotide and specific nucleotide types in the structural hierarchy, used to broadly represent the set of nucleotides of the corresponding category. Deoxyribonucleotide cards can be higher than the four specific deoxyribonucleotide cards (A, T, G, C) and the cards that form the basic structures of these four specific deoxyribonucleotides. They can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or used based on the base pairing principle. Ribonucleotide cards can be higher than the four specific ribonucleotide cards (A, U, G, C) and the cards that form the basic structures of these four specific ribonucleotides. They can only be played alone and cannot be combined with other cards or used based on the base pairing principle.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown, the fourth-level cards represent specific nucleotide types, corresponding to different nucleotide types in DNA and RNA. There are two cards for each type, specifically including: adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A); thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T); guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G); cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C); adenine ribonucleotide (A); uracil ribonucleotide (U); guanine ribonucleotide (G); and cytosine ribonucleotide (C). Each fourth-level card is labeled with the corresponding nucleotide name, letter symbol, and structural diagram to distinguish different nucleotides. The cards also indicate the hydrogen bond formation when bases pair up, helping to illustrate the complementary base pairing relationship.

[0040] In terms of structural hierarchy, the fourth-level cards represent complete nucleotide structural units, corresponding to and containing the basic structural units that constitute the nucleotide, namely the base, pentose, and phosphate structural units represented by the fifth-level cards corresponding to its structural composition. Specifically, adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A), thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T), guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G), and cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C) belong to the deoxyribonucleotides of the DNA system; adenine ribonucleotide (A), uracil ribonucleotide (U), guanine ribonucleotide (G), and cytosine ribonucleotide (C) belong to the ribonucleotides of the RNA system.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the fifth-level cards are used to represent the basic structural units that make up nucleotides. In this embodiment, the fifth-level cards include: adenine (A) cards, guanine (G) cards, cytosine (C) cards, thymine (T) cards, uracil (U) cards, phosphate (P) cards, deoxyribose cards, and ribose cards (the number of each type of card can be set according to teaching or demonstration needs, for example, 4 adenine (A) cards, 4 guanine (G) cards, 4 cytosine (C) cards, 2 thymine (T) cards, 2 uracil (U) cards, 16 phosphate (P) cards, 8 deoxyribose cards, and 8 ribose cards).

[0042] In this system, adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), thymine (T), and uracil (U) are used to represent the base structural units in nucleotides; deoxyribose cards and ribose cards are used to represent the pentose structural units in deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides, respectively; and phosphate (P) cards are used to represent the phosphate structural units in nucleotides. Each fifth-level card can be labeled with its corresponding name, letter symbol, and structural diagram to distinguish different types of basic structural units.

[0043] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown in Figure A, the fourth-level card can be displayed as an independent physical nucleotide structural unit; furthermore, the fourth-level card is provided with connection structures 11 and 12 for establishing correspondences with other cards. The connection structures 11 and 12 are located at predetermined positions on the fourth-level card and are used to represent the correspondence between nucleotides and other nucleotides during the transmission of genetic information, such as complementary base pairing.

[0044] Simultaneously, the system also allows the formation of nucleotide structural units equivalent to the fourth-level cards through combinations of fifth-level cards. To this end, the fifth-level cards are equipped with connection structures for mutual combination, and these connection structures are differentiated according to the nucleotide structural composition relationships. This ensures that only when the types and combinations of base cards, pentose cards, and phosphate cards conform to the structural composition relationships of the corresponding nucleotides can the fifth-level cards form stable physical connections at predetermined positions, thereby constituting the corresponding fourth-level nucleotide structural unit. When the combination of fifth-level cards does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationships, the connection structures cannot form stable physical connections, thus failing to constitute a fourth-level nucleotide structural unit.

[0045] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown in Figure A, the linking structures 11 and 12 on the fourth-level cards can be configured to connect with other fourth-level cards to demonstrate complementary pairing relationships between nucleotides. In one example, the linking structures 11 and 12 can employ magnetic, plug-in, or polar coding structures, such that when the bases corresponding to the two fourth-level cards satisfy a complementary pairing relationship, their linking structures can form a stable connection in physical structure; conversely, when the complementary pairing relationship is not satisfied, a stable connection cannot be formed in physical structure.

[0046] Furthermore, to demonstrate the differences between the DNA and RNA systems in terms of pentose sugars and base types, in one example: the connection structure of the base card corresponding to thymine (T) and its corresponding fourth-level card is set to form stable connections only with cards related to the deoxyribose system, and not with cards related to the ribose system; the connection structure of the base card corresponding to uracil (U) and its corresponding fourth-level card is set to form stable connections only with cards related to the ribose system, and not with cards related to the deoxyribose system; while the connection structures of the base cards corresponding to adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) and their corresponding fourth-level cards are set to form stable connections with cards related to the deoxyribose system or the ribose system, respectively, thereby realizing the physical differentiation, combination constraints, and pairing relationship display of different nucleotide types.

[0047] To achieve a physical representation of the structural compositional relationships of nucleotides, such as Figure 5 , Figure 5 A and Figure 5As shown in Figure B, in this embodiment, each fifth-level card is provided with connection structures 12-18 for mutual combination. The connection structure is preferably a magnetic connection structure, which includes magnetic components disposed at predetermined positions on the card, and the magnetic components have preset polarity codes. For different types of fifth-level cards, the magnetic components are differentiated in polarity direction, polarity arrangement position, and / or the number of magnetic components according to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, to form structured physical combination constraints.

[0048] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, the base cards, pentose cards, and phosphate cards are each provided with corresponding connection structures: the phosphate (P) card is provided with connection structure 16, which provides a universal phosphate connection site, and its magnetic component has a first polarity code; the deoxyribose card is provided with connection structures 12 and 18, which are used to establish connections with the base cards and phosphate cards, respectively. The polarity codes of connection structures 12 and 18 are different from the corresponding connection structures on the ribose card, so as to achieve physical differentiation between deoxyribose and ribose; the ribose card is provided with connection structures 12 and 17, whose polarity codes are different from the corresponding connection structures on the deoxyribose card, thereby avoiding the mixing of deoxyribose and ribose in terms of physical structure; each base card is provided with connection structures 13, 14, 15, etc., for connection with the pentose card, and their polarity codes are set according to the corresponding base type.

[0049] Through the configuration of the above-mentioned connection structure, the magnetic components that cooperate with each other can form a polar attraction only when the types and combinations of the base cards, pentose cards and phosphate (P) cards conform to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides, thereby forming a stable physical combination at a predetermined position to constitute the corresponding nucleotide structural unit. When the combination does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, at least some of the connection structures 12 to 18 will exhibit opposite polarities due to polarity coding mismatch, resulting in repulsion, or they will be unable to attract due to mismatched connection positions, thus failing to form a stable connection in physical structure and therefore failing to constitute a fourth-level nucleotide structural unit.

[0050] In one example: (1) The linkage structure 16 of the phosphate (P) card is set as a universal linkage, and its polarity encoding can form an attractive fit with the corresponding linkage structure of various pentose cards; (2) The linkage structures 12, 17, and 18 of the deoxyribose card and the ribose card are distinguished from each other in terms of polarity encoding, so as to realize the physical identification of different pentose types; (3) The linkage structures 13 and 15 of the base cards corresponding to adenine (A), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) are set to be able to fit with the deoxyribose card or the ribose card respectively, and form a stable three-way combination with the linkage structure 16 of the phosphate (P) card; (4) The linkage structure 14 of the base card corresponding to thymine (T) The connection structure 13 of the base card corresponding to uracil (U) is configured to form a polar attraction bond only with the connection structures 12 and 18 on the deoxyribose card and the connection structure 16 on the phosphate (P) card. When it attempts to combine with the ribose card, it will repel or fail to attract due to a mismatch in polar coding of at least one connection structure, thus failing to form a stable bond; (5) The connection structure 13 of the base card corresponding to uracil (U) is configured to form a polar attraction bond only with the connection structures 12 and 17 on the ribose card and the connection structure 16 on the phosphate (P) card. When it attempts to combine with the deoxyribose card, it will repel or fail to attract due to a mismatch in polar coding of at least one connection structure, thus failing to form a stable bond.

[0051] When the combination of fifth-level cards does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, the cards cannot form a stable combination in physical structure due to the mismatch of polar coding of connection structures 12 to 18 or the mismatch of connection positions, and thus cannot constitute a fourth-level nucleotide structural unit.

[0052] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the fifth-level cards may also include suggestive markings indicating complementary base pairing relationships, such as schematic diagrams of hydrogen bonding to represent the complementary pairing characteristics between A–T, A–U, or G–C. These suggestive markings are used for information presentation and educational guidance, and are not considered as limiting conditions for the polarity encoding of the magnetic connection structure.

[0053] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural correspondence and hierarchical relationship between cards at different levels in the nucleic acid structure card system of this invention. It is used to explain the structural correspondence and hierarchical inclusion relationship between cards at different levels. For example... Figure 6 As shown, the card system, arranged from top to bottom according to the biological structural hierarchy of nucleic acids, includes: nucleic acid level, nucleotide level, specific nucleotide level, and basic structural level.

[0054] At the nucleic acid level, there are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) cards and RNA (ribonucleic acid) cards; at the nucleotide level, there are deoxyribonucleotide cards and ribonucleotide cards; at the specific nucleotide level, it is further subdivided into deoxyribonucleotides (A, T, G, C) and ribonucleotides (A, U, G, C). Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the hierarchical inclusion and correspondence between different hierarchical structural units through connection relationships, that is, the upper-level hierarchical structural unit corresponds to and includes the lower-level hierarchical structural unit corresponding to its constituent unit.

[0055] exist Figure 6 The basic structural hierarchy section shows the basic structural unit cards that make up nucleotides, including: base cards (adenine A, thymine T, uracil U, guanine G, cytosine C), pentose cards (deoxyribose, ribose), and phosphate (P) cards. These basic structural hierarchy cards serve as the lowest-level structural units, corresponding to specific nucleotide hierarchy cards to form the "base-pentose-phosphate" nucleotide structure.

[0056] To achieve the aforementioned structural correspondence during the physical combination process, the basic structural level cards (fifth-level cards) in this embodiment are each provided with a magnetic connection structure for mutual combination. The magnetic connection structure includes at least one magnetic connection part disposed within the card body or on the card surface. The magnetic connection part is composed of a permanent magnet or magnetic material, and the connection relationship between different types of cards is defined by polarity encoding.

[0057] Specifically, different types of fifth-level cards are configured with different polarity coding combinations in the position, number, and / or magnetic pole direction of their magnetic connectors, so that only when the type and combination of base cards, pentose cards, and phosphate cards meet the structural composition relationship of the corresponding nucleotides, the corresponding magnetic connectors are attracted to each other in polarity and can form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position, thereby forming a nucleotide structural unit equivalent to the corresponding fourth-level nucleotide card.

[0058] When the combination of fifth-level cards does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, the corresponding magnetic linkers repel each other in terms of polarity, or fail to form adsorption and localization at the predetermined position due to the mismatch between polarity encoding and linker position. This prevents the formation of a stable physical connection, thus preventing the combination from forming a fourth-level nucleotide structural unit. Therefore, this achieves physical error-proofing constraints on incorrect combinations, avoiding the formation of structural units inconsistent with the true structural composition relationship of nucleic acids.

[0059] like Figure 6As shown, bases A, T, G, and C form deoxyribonucleotides with deoxyribose and phosphate, respectively; bases A, U, G, and C form ribonucleotides with ribose and phosphate, respectively. To demonstrate the differences between the DNA and RNA systems in terms of pentose types and base types, in one example: (1) the polarity encoding of the magnetic linker of the thymine (T) card is set to only form attractive pairings with the magnetic linker of the deoxyribose card, while exhibiting repulsion or inability to locate the magnetic linker of the ribose card, thereby avoiding the formation of combinations inconsistent with the structural composition; (2) the polarity encoding of the magnetic linker of the uracil (U) card is set to only form attractive pairings with the magnetic linker of the ribose card. The magnetic linker of the adenine (A), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) cards is set to be able to form a stable adsorption link with the deoxyribose card or ribose card respectively, and then the deoxyribose or ribose is connected to the phosphate card to form the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide structural unit.

[0060] In some embodiments, to improve the relative positional stability after adsorption and connection and to avoid rotational displacement, the magnetic connection structure can also be configured in conjunction with a positioning structure. For example, positioning protrusions and positioning grooves can be provided on the edge of the card, or a keyway structure can be provided, so that each fifth-level card can form a stable connection in a predetermined position only when the magnetic poles are attracted and matched and the positioning structures are matched with each other, thereby further enhancing the physical constraint effect on incorrect combinations.

[0061] pass Figure 6 The hierarchical structure and corresponding relationships shown, combined with the polar encoding and positioning structure of the magnetic connection structure, enable the present invention to realize the physical representation of the hierarchical composition relationship of nucleic acid → nucleotide → specific nucleotide → basic structural unit, and to provide physical error prevention constraints for combinations that do not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship during the component assembly process.

[0062] Figure 7 In the nucleic acid card system of the present invention, taking adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) as an example, a schematic diagram is shown showing the hierarchical inclusion relationship between a specific nucleotide level card and its superior structural level card, as well as the structural correspondence between the card and the lower basic structural unit card.

[0063] like Figure 7As shown on the left, adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) belongs to the deoxyribonucleotide category and is a specific deoxyribonucleotide in the DNA system. Therefore, in terms of structural hierarchy, there is a superior-inferior hierarchical correspondence between the deoxyribonucleotide card at the nucleotide category level and the adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) card; correspondingly, the ribonucleotide card corresponds to the ribonucleotide category of the RNA system, and does not belong to the same structural system as adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A), so there is no hierarchical inclusion relationship between the two.

[0064] Furthermore, at the higher-level nucleic acid category hierarchy, the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) card, structurally containing deoxyribonucleotide structural units, establishes a hierarchical inclusion relationship with the adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) card; the ribonucleic acid (RNA) card, lacking deoxyribonucleotide structural units, does not establish a hierarchical inclusion relationship with the adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) card. At the highest level, nucleic acid cards represent the overall structure of nucleic acids, occupying a higher level in the structural hierarchy and establishing a hierarchical correspondence with cards at each lower level.

[0065] like Figure 7 As shown on the right, adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) is structurally composed of basic structural units, including adenine (A), deoxyribose, and phosphate. To demonstrate the physical combination of these structural relationships, in this embodiment, the adenine (A) card, deoxyribose card, and phosphate card are each provided with magnetic connection structures. Their connection relationships are defined by polarity encoding, ensuring that only when the adenine (A) card, deoxyribose card, and phosphate card are combined in a manner consistent with the structural composition of adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) will their corresponding magnetic connections exhibit polarity attraction and form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position, thereby forming a nucleotide structural unit corresponding to adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A).

[0066] Conversely, for cards that are not composed of adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) structures, such as thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C), uracil (U), and ribose cards, the polarity coding of their magnetic connectors does not match the connection relationship corresponding to adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A). Therefore, during assembly, they experience magnetic repulsion or cannot achieve the predetermined adsorption and positioning, resulting in a lack of stable physical connections and preventing the formation of nucleotide structural units that do not conform to the structural composition. Through the aforementioned hierarchical inclusion relationship and the physical error-proofing constraints based on magnetic connection structures, it can be clearly demonstrated that there is a hierarchical correspondence between the higher-level structure and the lower-level constituent units, while cards at the same level but with different structural systems do not establish a hierarchical inclusion relationship.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structural relationship of "phosphate-pentose-base combination to form nucleotide structural units" in this invention. Figure 8 As shown in the figure, this diagram details the structural correspondence between basic structural unit cards during the formation of nucleotide structural units, as well as the physical error-proofing constraint method based on magnetic connection structure and polarity encoding.

[0068] Figure 8 The left side shows the phosphate structural unit and the pentose structural unit in the basic structural unit, wherein the pentose structural unit includes deoxyribose and ribose; Figure 8 The middle section shows different types of base structural units, including adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Figure 8 The right side shows nucleotide structural units formed by the aforementioned basic structural units, including deoxyribonucleotides (A, T, G, C) and ribonucleotides (A, U, G, C).

[0069] In this embodiment, phosphate cards, pentose cards, and base cards are each provided with a magnetic connection structure. The magnetic connection structure includes a magnetic connection part, and the connection relationship of different types of cards is limited by polarity encoding, so that only when the type combination of "phosphate card - pentose card - base card" satisfies the structural composition relationship of the corresponding nucleotide, the corresponding magnetic connection parts are attracted to each other in polarity and can form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position, thereby forming the corresponding nucleotide structural unit.

[0070] For example, when the magnetic linkers of the phosphate card and the deoxyribose card are attracted and stably linked in polarity, and the deoxyribose card with the phosphate card is attracted and paired with the magnetic linker of the card with the selected base adenine (A), adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) can be formed; when the selected base card is thymine (T), guanine (G) or cytosine (C) and is attracted and paired with the magnetic linker of the deoxyribose card with the phosphate card, thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T), guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G) or cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C) are formed respectively. Accordingly, when the magnetic linkers of the phosphate and ribose cards are attracted and stably linked in terms of polarity, and the selected bases are adenine (A), uracil (U), guanine (G), or cytosine (C) and are attracted and paired with the magnetic linker of the ribose card to which the phosphate card has been attached, adenine ribonucleotides (A), uracil ribonucleotides (U), guanine ribonucleotides (G), or cytosine ribonucleotides (C) are formed, respectively. When the combination of basic structural units does not conform to the compositional relationship of nucleotide structures, the corresponding magnetic linkers repel each other in terms of polarity, or due to the mismatch between the polarity encoding and the position of the magnetic linker, adsorption and localization cannot be achieved at the predetermined position, thus failing to form a stable connection in the physical structure, and consequently, failing to form a nucleotide structural unit. Figure 8 The connecting lines are used to illustrate the correspondence that allows for the formation of stable connections, thereby realizing a physical representation of the structural composition relationship of nucleotides and a physical error-proof constraint against incorrect combinations. The above-mentioned magnetic connection structure can be used with positioning protrusions / positioning grooves to limit the relative position and angle after connection, avoiding misalignment connections caused by magnetic attraction alone.

[0071] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the correspondence between different types of nucleotides during the transmission of genetic information, as described in this invention. In the diagram, two sets of structural units related to deoxyribonucleotides are arranged at the top, and two sets of structural units related to ribonucleotides are arranged at the bottom; arrows in different directions are used to indicate the pairing correspondence between different types of nucleotides at different stages of genetic information transmission.

[0072] exist Figure 9 In the diagram, the two sets of deoxyribonucleotides at the top are connected by bidirectional arrows, illustrating the complementary pairing of deoxyribonucleotides during DNA replication; the arrows pointing from deoxyribonucleotides to ribonucleotides illustrate the pairing of RNA generated from DNA during transcription; the arrows pointing from ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides illustrate the pairing of DNA synthesized from RNA during reverse transcription; and the bidirectional arrows between the two sets of ribonucleotides at the bottom illustrate the pairing of mRNA nucleotide sequences and tRNA anticodon sequences during translation.

[0073] In the card component system of the present invention, the above-mentioned pairing correspondence can be materialized through the magnetic connection structure and polarity encoding of the cards: the cards used to represent different types of nucleotide / nucleotide sequence units are provided with magnetic connection parts, and their connection relationship is defined by polarity encoding of magnetic pole direction, position and / or quantity, so that only when the bases corresponding to the two cards satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts are attracted to each other in polarity and can form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position; when the bases corresponding to the two cards do not satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts repel each other in polarity or cannot achieve adsorption positioning at the predetermined position, so that a stable connection cannot be formed in physical structure.

[0074] Through the above methods Figure 9 The nucleotide pairing relationships shown in the DNA replication, transcription, translation, and reverse transcription information transmission processes can be intuitively displayed in the form of "stable / unstable connections" between cards, thereby realizing the physical representation of the pairing relationships between different types of nucleotides in the process of genetic information transmission and physical error prevention constraints.

[0075] Figure 10 This diagram illustrates the pairing relationships of nucleotide structural units corresponding to adenine, thymine, and uracil during DNA replication, transcription, translation, and reverse transcription. Figure 10 As shown in the figure, the upper left side represents adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A), and the upper right side represents its complementary pairing thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T). The two are connected by a bidirectional arrow to illustrate the pairing relationship between A and T during DNA replication.

[0076] The arrows pointing from adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) to uracil ribonucleotide (U) and from thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T) to adenine ribonucleotide (A) illustrate the pairing correspondence during transcription when DNA is used as a template to generate RNA. The arrows pointing from uracil ribonucleotide (U) to adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) and from adenine ribonucleotide (A) to thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T) illustrate the pairing correspondence during reverse transcription when RNA is used as a template to synthesize DNA. The bidirectional arrow between uracil ribonucleotide (U) and adenine ribonucleotide (A) illustrates the pairing correspondence between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons during translation.

[0077] In the card component system of the present invention, the above-mentioned pairing correspondence can be materialized through the magnetic connection structure and polarity encoding of the cards: the cards used to represent the related nucleotide structural units of adenine (A), thymine (T) and uracil (U) are provided with magnetic connection parts, and their connection relationship is defined by polarity encoding of magnetic pole direction, position and / or quantity, so that when the bases corresponding to the two cards satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts are attracted to each other in polarity and can form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position; when the bases corresponding to the two cards do not satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts repel each other in polarity or cannot achieve adsorption positioning at the predetermined position, so that a stable connection cannot be formed in physical structure.

[0078] thus, Figure 10 This illustrates that when the bases of nucleotides are adenine, thymine, or uracil, the pairing relationships between different nucleotide structural units during the information transmission stages of DNA replication, transcription, reverse transcription, and translation can be displayed through the "stable / unstable connection" of cards, thus achieving physical error prevention constraints.

[0079] Figure 11 This diagram illustrates the pairing relationships between nucleotide structural units corresponding to guanine and cytosine during DNA replication, transcription, translation, and reverse transcription. Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the upper left side represents guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G), and the upper right side represents its complementary pairing cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C). The two are connected by a bidirectional arrow to illustrate the pairing relationship between G and C during DNA replication.

[0080] Arrows pointing from guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G) to cytosine ribonucleotide (C) and from cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C) to guanine ribonucleotide (G) illustrate the pairing correspondence during transcription when DNA is used as a template to generate RNA. Arrows pointing from cytosine ribonucleotide (C) to guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G) and from guanine ribonucleotide (G) to cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C) illustrate the pairing correspondence during reverse transcription when RNA is used as a template to synthesize DNA. The bidirectional arrow between guanine ribonucleotide (G) and cytosine ribonucleotide (C) illustrates the pairing correspondence between mRNA codons and tRNA anticodons during translation.

[0081] In the card component system of the present invention, the above-mentioned pairing correspondence can be materialized through the magnetic connection structure and polarity encoding of the cards: the cards used to represent the nucleotide structural units related to guanine (G) and cytosine (C) are provided with magnetic connection parts, and their connection relationship is defined by polarity encoding of magnetic pole direction, position and / or quantity, so that when the bases corresponding to the two cards satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts are attracted to each other in polarity and can form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position; when the bases corresponding to the two cards do not satisfy the complementary pairing relationship, their magnetic connection parts repel each other in polarity or cannot achieve adsorption positioning at the predetermined position, so that a stable connection cannot be formed in physical structure.

[0082] thus, Figure 11 This illustrates that when the bases of nucleotides are guanine and cytosine, the pairing relationships between different nucleotide structural units during the information transmission stages of DNA replication, transcription, reverse transcription, and translation can be displayed using cards with "stable / unstable connections," thus achieving physical error-proofing constraints. In this embodiment, the nucleic acid teaching card system is a basic physical teaching component set, with a total of, for example, 72 cards, used by multiple users to conduct teaching and interactive demonstrations of nucleic acid structures. In use, all cards can be distributed to multiple users according to a predetermined method, or kept by a single demonstrator who can access them according to the teaching progress. When undistributed cards exist, they can serve as backup components to supplement the structural units required for demonstration.

[0083] As described in the aforementioned embodiments, the cards are divided into five levels based on the nucleic acid structural composition relationship. Different levels correspond to the whole nucleic acid, the nucleic acid category / composition unit set, the nucleotide category, the specific nucleotide, and the basic structural unit, respectively. In order to realize the physical display of the nucleic acid structural composition relationship, the system embodies the following combination constraints in the component structure design: (1) The first, second, and third level cards are used to represent the upper-level structural units of the whole nucleic acid, the nucleic acid category, or the nucleotide category. They are used as schematic components of the whole structure to display the hierarchical relationship and can be presented independently without requiring physical connection with the lower-level components; (2) The fifth level cards are used to represent basic structural units such as bases, pentoses, and phosphates, and are equipped with magnetic connection structures. Through the polarity encoding of the magnetic connection part, the basic structural units can only form stable adsorption connections in a manner that conforms to the nucleotide structural composition relationship; (3) The fourth level cards are used to represent specific nucleotide structural units. They can be displayed as independent schematic components of nucleotide structures or formed by stable adsorption connections of fifth level cards that conform to the composition relationship to form equivalent nucleotide structural units.

[0084] In one demonstration method, the presenter may select a single card to illustrate the hierarchical inclusion relationship of nucleic acid structures. For example, when selecting the card for the fourth level, adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A), the presenter may explain, in conjunction with the structural diagram marked on the card, that this nucleotide is composed of adenine, deoxyribose, and phosphate; and further explain that other bases or pentose structures that are not directly related to it are not constituent elements of this nucleotide structural unit.

[0085] In another demonstration method, it is possible to form higher-level nucleotide structural units by combining multiple fifth-level cards. Taking the formation of adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) as an example: when the demonstrator selects and combines adenine (A) cards, deoxyribose cards, and phosphate cards, the magnetic linkers of these cards match each other in polarity coding, enabling stable adsorption connections to be formed at predetermined positions, thereby forming the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide (A) structural unit. Conversely, when the demonstrator attempts to combine adenine (A) cards with ribose cards to form a deoxyribonucleotide structure, the polarity coding of the magnetic linkers does not match, resulting in repulsion or failure to achieve adsorption and positioning at predetermined positions. Consequently, a stable connection cannot be formed in terms of physical structure, avoiding combinations that do not conform to the composition of the nucleotide structure.

[0086] By combining single-card display with basic structural unit display, the structural composition relationship of nucleotides can be accurately presented at the physical level using physical components, and the polarity encoding of the magnetic connection structure can provide physical error prevention constraints against incorrect combinations.

[0087] Based on the above-mentioned connection structure, the connection structure can also be implemented using a non-magnetic mechanical insertion structure, such as a protrusion and recess (buckle / mortise / tongue-hole) mating structure. Specifically, the connection structure may include at least one protrusion and at least one recess disposed at a predetermined position on the card. The protrusion and recess are differentiated in terms of shape, size, tolerance, insertion direction, and limiting structure, thereby forming a structured physical matching constraint: only when the type, connection position, and combination order of the fifth-level cards to be combined conform to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides, the relevant protrusion can be inserted into the corresponding recess along the preset direction and locked by limiting, forming a stable physical combination; when the combination does not conform to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides, the protrusion and recess cannot be aligned in shape or position, or cannot be inserted / locked due to limiting interference, thus failing to form a stable connection in physical structure. Furthermore, the protrusions / recesses can be configured with different geometric codes (e.g., triangles, squares, circles, polygons, or asymmetric contours with bonds), and can be combined with different depths, stepped surfaces, guide ramps, or elastic snaps. This allows thymine (T)-related cards to only mate with the linker structures of the deoxyribose system, uracil (U)-related cards to only mate with the linker structures of the ribose system, and adenine (A), guanine (G), and cytosine (C)-related cards to mate with the linker structures of the two pentose systems, respectively. This enables the physical differentiation of different nucleotide types, error prevention in combination, and structured display of pairing relationships without relying on magnetic polarity coding. Similarly, the linker structures 11 and 12 on the fourth-level cards can also adopt mutually cooperating protrusion / recess structures to achieve detachable corresponding connections when complementary pairing relationships are satisfied, and to prevent connection due to structural mismatch when complementary pairing relationships are not satisfied.

[0088] The fifth-level cards are used to represent the basic structural units that make up nucleotides, including base cards, pentose cards (deoxyribose cards, ribose cards), and phosphate cards. These fifth-level cards feature magnetically connected structures and their connections are defined by polarity encoding, allowing the basic structural units to be physically combined in a manner consistent with the structural composition of nucleotides.

[0089] In this embodiment, the formation of nucleotide structural units corresponds to the following compositional relationship: base card + deoxyribose card + phosphate card → deoxyribonucleotide structural unit (corresponding to DNA system); base card + ribose card + phosphate card → ribonucleotide structural unit (corresponding to RNA system).

[0090] When the aforementioned basic structural unit cards are stably adsorbed and connected at predetermined positions through a magnetic connection structure, the resulting combined whole is structurally equivalent to the corresponding fourth-level nucleotide card and is used to represent the corresponding specific nucleotide structural unit.

[0091] For example, after a stable adsorption link is formed by “adenine (A) card + deoxyribose card + phosphate card”, a “adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A)” structural unit is formed; after a stable adsorption link is formed by “uracil (U) card + ribose card + phosphate card”, a “uracil ribonucleotide (U)” structural unit is formed.

[0092] To reflect the differences between DNA and RNA systems in terms of pentose sugar type and base type, this embodiment sets differentiated polarity encoding for the magnetic linkers of different cards, ensuring that stable linkages can only be formed when the structural types match. Exemplary constraints are as follows: The polarity encoding of the magnetic linker of the thymine (T) card is set to allow it to only attract and pair with deoxyribose cards already linked to phosphate cards, achieving adsorption and localization at a predetermined position to form a thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T) structural unit; its magnetic linker with the ribose card exhibits polarity repulsion or cannot be localized, thus preventing stable linkages; the polarity encoding of the magnetic linker of the uracil (U) card is set to allow it to only pair with ribose cards already linked to phosphate cards. An attractive pairing is formed and adsorption and localization at a predetermined position are achieved, thereby forming a uracil ribonucleotide (U) structural unit; it cannot form a stable connection with the deoxyribose card in terms of physical structure; the polarity encoding of the magnetic linker of the adenine (A), guanine (G) and cytosine (C) cards is set to form a stable adsorption connection with the deoxyribose card or the ribose card that has been linked with the phosphate card, respectively, to form the corresponding deoxyribonucleotide structural unit or ribonucleotide structural unit.

[0093] When the combination of fifth-level cards does not conform to the nucleotide structural composition relationship, the corresponding magnetic linker will repel each other in terms of polarity, or it will be unable to achieve adsorption and positioning at the predetermined position due to the mismatch between the polarity encoding and the position of the magnetic linker. As a result, a stable connection cannot be formed in the physical structure, and thus a nucleotide structural unit cannot be formed.

[0094] For example, the combination of "thymine (T) card + ribose card + phosphate card" cannot form a stable link due to polarity coding mismatch, resulting in rejection or inability to locate the link; the combination of "uracil (U) card + deoxyribose card + phosphate card" also cannot form a stable link; combinations lacking phosphate cards or pentose cards cannot form a stable link due to missing linker or incomplete linker pathway, and thus cannot constitute a nucleotide structural unit.

[0095] Furthermore, in some embodiments, suggestive labels (such as hydrogen bond formation forms, complementary pairing indicators, or graphics) indicating base complementary pairing relationships can be provided on fourth-level nucleotide cards or nucleotide structural units formed by fifth-level combinations to help demonstrate the pairing correspondences between different nucleotides during information transmission stages such as DNA replication, transcription, reverse transcription, and translation. These suggestive labels are for information presentation and do not constitute connection limitations for the magnetic connection structure.

[0096] In a further embodiment, to improve the relative positional stability after a stable connection and to avoid rotational offset, the magnetic connection structure can also be configured in conjunction with a positioning structure, such as a positioning protrusion / positioning groove or keyway structure, so that the card combination can form a stable connection at a predetermined position only when the magnetic poles attract and match and the positioning structures match each other, thereby further enhancing the physical error prevention constraint against incorrect combinations.

[0097] like Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, there is a structural hierarchy correspondence between the cards at each level in this embodiment: the higher-level structural cards are used to represent higher-level nucleic acid structural units, and in a structural sense, they correspond to and include the composition represented by their lower-level structural units, thus forming a hierarchical inclusion relationship, which is used to intuitively present the hierarchical composition relationship of "nucleic acid → nucleotide category → specific nucleotide → basic structural unit".

[0098] For example: the first-level "nucleic acid" card is used to represent the overall structural unit of nucleic acid, and establishes a hierarchical correspondence with its subordinate level cards; the second-level "DNA" card is used to represent the structural unit of deoxyribonucleic acid system, and its hierarchical inclusion relationship corresponds to the deoxyribonucleotide system related cards, but does not establish a hierarchical inclusion relationship with ribonucleotide system cards; the third-level "deoxyribonucleotide" card is used to represent the structural unit of deoxyribonucleotide category, and its hierarchical inclusion relationship corresponds to the specific deoxyribonucleotide cards A / T / G / C and their constituent units, but does not establish a hierarchical inclusion relationship with specific ribonucleotide cards.

[0099] Furthermore, the fourth-level specific nucleotide cards are used to represent complete nucleotide structural units, which structurally correspond to and contain the fifth-level basic structural units that constitute the nucleotide. For example, adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A) structurally corresponds to the basic structural units of adenine (A), deoxyribose, and phosphate. To realize the physical representation of the above-mentioned hierarchical correspondence, in this embodiment, the fifth-level cards are provided with magnetic connection structures and their connection relationships are limited by polarity encoding. This ensures that only when the type combination of the fifth-level cards satisfies the structural composition relationship of the corresponding nucleotide can the cards form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position, thereby forming a nucleotide structural unit equivalent to the fourth-level nucleotide card. For other fifth-level cards that do not belong to the structural composition of the nucleotide, repulsion or failure to achieve adsorption positioning at the predetermined position occurs due to the mismatch of the polarity encoding of the magnetic connection part, thus preventing the formation of a stable connection in physical structure.

[0100] Through the hierarchical inclusion relationship and the physical error-proofing constraints based on the magnetic connection structure, a clear hierarchical composition display can be formed, and structural units that are inconsistent with the actual composition of nucleic acids can be avoided during the component assembly process.

[0101] This embodiment is suitable for 3 to 7 users for teaching or interactive demonstrations. In use, all cards can be distributed to each user for individual possession, or a single demonstrator can keep them and use them according to the teaching progress. Undistributed cards can be used as common spare components to supplement the structural units needed for the demonstration.

[0102] In one operating method, users can select individual cards for display and explanation to illustrate the hierarchical inclusion relationships of nucleic acid structures. For example, cards can be displayed sequentially at the first level (complete nucleic acid), the second level (DNA / RNA or nucleotide category), the third level (deoxyribonucleotide / ribonucleotide category), the fourth level (specific nucleotide), and the fifth level (basic structural unit), thus visually presenting the hierarchical correspondence and structural inclusion relationships between different levels.

[0103] In another operating method, users are allowed to form nucleotide structural units by combining fifth-level cards. Specifically, users can assemble the cards according to the structural composition relationship of "base card + pentose card + phosphate card". The fifth-level cards are equipped with magnetic connection structures and their connection relationships are limited by polarity encoding. This ensures that only when the selected combination of base, pentose, and phosphate types satisfies the nucleotide structural composition relationship, the magnetic connection parts of each card will attract and pair in polarity and form a stable adsorption connection at a predetermined position, thereby forming a nucleotide structural unit equivalent to the corresponding fourth-level nucleotide card. When the selected card combination does not satisfy the structural composition relationship, the magnetic connection parts will repel or fail to achieve adsorption and positioning at the predetermined position, thus failing to form a stable connection in physical structure and avoiding the formation of structural units inconsistent with the nucleotide structural composition relationship.

[0104] Furthermore, to aid in understanding the base pairing relationships during DNA replication, transcription, reverse transcription, and translation, a pairing display operation can be performed. In one example, suggestive labels can be placed on fourth-level nucleotide cards or nucleotide structural units stably linked from fifth-level cards to indicate complementary base pairing relationships (e.g., A corresponds to T or U, G corresponds to C), and combined with... Figures 9-11 The diagram shown will be used for explanation. The suggestive labels are for information presentation and teaching guidance, and are not intended to limit the connection of the magnetic connection structure.

[0105] Through the above-described single-card display and assembly demonstration methods, users can intuitively understand, during physical operation, the hierarchical structural relationship of nucleic acids composed of nucleotides; the compositional relationship of nucleotides composed of bases, pentose sugars, and phosphates; the compositional differences between DNA and RNA; the complementary pairing relationship between bases; and the hierarchical correspondence and progressive compositional relationship between different structural levels. This implementation method can intuitively present abstract molecular biological structural relationships through the combination and display of physical cards while ensuring the accuracy of teaching content, making it suitable for teaching demonstrations, popular science exhibitions, and interactive learning scenarios.

[0106] Example 2: Implementation of a simplified nucleic acid card system While maintaining the multi-level structural system of Example 1, this example reduces the number of cards and simplifies operations by merging the fifth-level basic structure cards. For example... Figure 12 , Figure 12 As shown in A, Level 5 no longer has separate cards for "deoxyribose," "ribose," and "phosphate." Instead, it combines pentose and phosphate into two categories of "phosphate-pentose" cards: deoxyribose phosphate cards and ribose phosphate cards. Meanwhile, the base cards are still retained: adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), guanine (G), and cytosine (C).

[0107] Each fifth-level card has connection structures 12–18 (preferably magnetic attraction + polarity coding). Specifically, the deoxyribose phosphate card has connection structures 12 and 18; the ribose phosphate card has connection structures 12 and 17, and their polarity coding differs from that of the deoxyribose phosphate card to achieve physical differentiation between the DNA and RNA systems; each base card has connection structures 13, 14, 15, etc., and is coded differently according to base type. Therefore, stable connection can only be achieved when the "base card + corresponding type phosphate-pentose card" matches, forming a nucleotide structural unit; mismatches will result in unstable connection due to polarity or positional incompatibility, thus achieving physical error prevention.

[0108] The combination relationships are: deoxyribose phosphate + A / T / G / C → deoxyribonucleotide; ribose phosphate + A / U / G / C → ribonucleotide. The resulting nucleotide structural units are hierarchically and functionally equivalent to the specific nucleotide cards at the fourth level, and can follow the complementary pairing hint rules of Example 1 (A–T or U, G–C); the hint labels are only for educational display and are not limited to linker codes.

[0109] like Figures 13-15 As shown, this embodiment simplifies the basic structural hierarchy to a "base + phosphate-pentose backbone" within the overall hierarchical framework of Embodiment 1, and focuses on demonstrating that: the deoxygenated system corresponds only to deoxyribose phosphate, the ribose system corresponds only to ribose phosphate, and no coverage / composition relationship is established between different systems at the same level, thereby more intuitively reflecting the correspondence between nucleic acid → nucleotide category → specific nucleotide → basic structural unit.

[0110] This embodiment reduces the number of cards and simplifies the assembly steps by merging the basic structure cards, while maintaining the structural logic and DNA / RNA differential expression, and preserving the combinatorial error prevention capability, making it convenient for teaching demonstrations and portability.

[0111] Example 3: Implementation of Upgraded Nucleic Acid Cards Building upon Examples 1 and 2, this example introduces a "nucleoside" intermediate structure in the fifth level, refining the nucleotide formation process from "base + pentose + phosphate" to "base → nucleoside → nucleotide," thereby improving teaching continuity and expression accuracy. Figure 16 As shown, the fifth level of cards includes: base cards (A, T, U, G, C), pentose cards (deoxyribose, ribose), and the newly added "base-pentose" combination cards (nucleoside cards). Nucleoside cards can be formed by combining corresponding base cards with pentose cards, and their types include deoxynucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxythymidine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine) and ribonucleosides (adenosine, uridine, guanosine, cytidine). Nucleoside cards are hierarchically higher than single base / pentose cards but lower than nucleotide structural units.

[0112] like Figure 16 and Figure 16 As shown in Figure A, nucleoside cards can be further combined with phosphate cards to form nucleotide structural units. To achieve step-by-step combination and to provide physical error-proofing constraints against illegal combinations, each card is equipped with connection structures 12–18 at predetermined positions: for example, in the nucleoside formation stage, connection structure 12 achieves a stable connection between the base and the pentose sugar; the phosphate card is equipped with connection structure 16, and the nucleoside card is equipped with a corresponding matching connection site (e.g., at least one of connection structures 12 / 17 / 18) to form a "nucleoside-phosphate" connection pair. The connection structure can be a magnetic polarity encoded or a plug-in snap-fit ​​structure, and can be differentiated in polarity encoding, convex / groove shape, positioning direction and / or position, so that a stable connection can only be formed when the combination satisfies the nucleotide structural composition relationship; otherwise, a stable connection cannot be formed due to encoding mismatch, positioning mismatch or like-polarity repulsion, and thus the combination is not recognized as a fourth-level structural unit to participate in subsequent operations. Under this constraint, the formation of nucleotide structural units includes: deoxynucleosides + phosphate to form deoxyribonucleotides (A / T / G / C), and ribonucleotides + phosphate to form ribonucleotides (A / U / G / C), thus covering all nucleotide types at the fourth level. If the nucleoside card and phosphate card do not match, stable linkage cannot occur and the connection is physically blocked.

[0113] In terms of hierarchical relationships: base cards, pentose cards, and nucleoside cards all belong to the fifth level; nucleotide structural units formed by "nucleoside + phosphate" belong to the fourth level; the third, second, and first levels are the same as in Example 1. Figure 17 This illustrates the hierarchical construction path of this embodiment; Figure 18 This shows the hierarchical correspondence between specific nucleotides and their epistatic categories and hypostatic constituent units; Figure 19 The overall hierarchy can be summarized as follows: base / pentose → nucleoside → nucleotide → nucleotide set → DNA / RNA → nucleic acid whole.

[0114] By introducing a nucleoside intermediate level and combining it with linker structures 12–18, this embodiment can visually present the step-by-step formation process of nucleotides in a “linkable / non-linkable” manner, and provide physical error-proofing constraints for combinations that do not conform to the structural composition relationship. At the same time, it improves the scalability of the system and makes it easy to select the appropriate level cards according to the teaching depth.

[0115] Example 4: Extended Implementation Based on the foregoing embodiments, the present invention can further expand the number of card structures, combination forms, and presentation methods according to different teaching purposes and usage scenarios. Several optional implementation methods are further described below.

[0116] Based on the above embodiments, the nucleic acid card system can also be designed as a "group combination structure" implementation, so that the cards present a combination feature similar to mahjong tiles in terms of structural logic, which can be used to enhance the identification and understanding of nucleotide composition relationships.

[0117] In this implementation, every three related basic cards can form a set of nucleotide structural units. Specifically, a "base" card + a "pentose" card + a "phosphate" card can form a set of nucleotides. For example, an "adenine" card + a "deoxyribose" card + a "phosphate" card can form "adenine deoxyribonucleotide". Other combinations follow the same rules as described above.

[0118] Furthermore, the combination methods can be extended based on the structural relationship of "base + sugar + phosphate," that is, "base + pentose" combination forms a nucleoside structure; "nucleoside + phosphate" combination forms a nucleotide structure. Specifically, a "base-pentose" card + a "phosphate" card can be combined to form the corresponding nucleotide. For example, a "deoxyadenosine" card + a "phosphate" card can also be combined to form "adenine deoxyribonucleotide." A "base" card + a "pentose phosphate" card can also be combined to form the corresponding nucleotide. For example, a "adenine" card + a "deoxyribose phosphate" card can also be combined to form "adenine deoxyribonucleotide." This allows for various combination pathways, such as three sets of "base + sugar + phosphate" combinations, or multiple "base-pentose" combinations with "phosphate," or "base" combinations with "pentose phosphate" to form equivalent structural combinations.

[0119] The above combination method is used to reflect the repeatability and modularity of similar structures in nucleic acid structure systems.

[0120] In one example configuration, the total number of cards can be designed as a group of 14 cards, which can be configured as: 3+3+3+3+2; or 3+3+2+2+2+2, etc. The above combination numbers are only used to illustrate the structural configuration and do not constitute a limitation on the quantity.

[0121] In this extended implementation, the cards at different levels still follow the following structural logic: 1. Base cards, pentose cards, and phosphate cards belong to the lowest structural level; 2. Bases and pentoses combine to form a base-pentose structure, and pentoses and phosphates combine to form a pentose phosphate structure; 3. Base-pentose structures combine with phosphates to form nucleotides, and bases combine with pentose phosphate structures to form nucleotides; 4. Multiple nucleotides can further constitute higher-level nucleic acid structures.

[0122] The above combination logic is consistent with the aforementioned embodiments, only expanding in terms of the number of combinations and arrangement to adapt to different teaching and presentation needs.

[0123] In this extended implementation, the way cards are used can be expanded by referring to common card game interaction methods, and its core is still based on the following three basic operation modes.

[0124] Users can use any card individually to represent the corresponding structural unit.

[0125] Users can combine multiple cards that satisfy structural correspondences to form higher-level structural units. For example, a nucleoside structure can be formed by combining a base card with a pentose card, and a nucleotide structure can be formed by combining a nucleoside structure with a phosphate card.

[0126] During demonstrations or teaching, corresponding combinations can be made based on base complementarity (A–T / A–U / G–C) to illustrate pairing relationships in nucleic acid replication or transcription.

[0127] In the above usage, the options of "not using for the time being" or "skipping" are allowed to indicate that a certain structural unit is not selected in the teaching process.

[0128] In a further embodiment, the card system can be operated simultaneously by multiple users. Each user can hold a certain number of cards and perform structural combination or display operations in sequence. During a round of use, when a user uses all of their cards to form a complete structural combination, it can be considered as completing a complete structural construction process, thus ending the current process. This multi-user structure does not affect the structural characteristics of the cards themselves, but is only one of the application methods of the card system.

[0129] Based on the physical card implementation described above, this invention can also be extended to an electronic form. For example, various cards can be presented as graphical modules on an electronic terminal interface, allowing for card selection, combination, and display through touch, click, or drag-and-drop operations. The electronic interface can display the following information: classification areas for cards of different levels; structural diagrams of various nucleosides and nucleotides; new structures formed after combination; and logical relationship prompts for different combination paths. This electronic implementation can run on computers, tablets, or mobile terminal devices for auxiliary teaching, demonstrations, or interactive learning.

[0130] Through the above extended implementation methods, the present invention can: 1. provide multi-level and scalable structural combinations while maintaining the scientific nature of nucleic acid structures; 2. support teaching scenarios of varying complexity; 3. enhance the understanding of the compositional relationships of nucleosides, nucleotides, and nucleic acids through modular structures; 4. be compatible with both physical and electronic implementation forms; and 5. improve the flexibility and adaptability of teaching systems.

[0131] All the above extended embodiments are based on the overall technical concept of the present invention. Without departing from the scope of the claims, those skilled in the art can make equivalent substitutions or modifications, all of which should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A game component system for teaching nucleic acid structure and genetic information transmission, characterized in that, It includes multiple game components, which are constructed as independently operable and combinable entity units. The game components are divided into multiple levels according to the structural composition relationship of nucleic acids, with different levels of game components corresponding to different compositional levels in the nucleic acid structure. Among them, the plurality of levels include at least: The first-level game component corresponds to the entire nucleic acid; The second level of game components corresponds to the main categories or sets of components of nucleic acids, including deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid and / or nucleotides; The third level of game components corresponds to the nucleotide categories that make up deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid; The fourth level of game components corresponds to specific types of nucleotides; The fifth-level game components correspond to the basic structural units that make up nucleotides, and include at least one or more of the following: a base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. The fifth-level game components are each equipped with a connection structure for combined connection, and the fourth-level game components are equipped with a receiving structure that cooperates with the connection structure. The connecting structure and the receiving structure are differentiated according to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides, so that the fifth-level game component can form a stable physical combination with the receiving structure through the connecting structure only when the type and quantity of the fifth-level game component conform to the structural composition relationship of the corresponding nucleotides, thereby constituting the fourth-level game component.

2. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The fourth-level game component includes a game component for representing a specific nucleotide type, which includes at least one of the following: Adenine deoxyribonucleotide (A), thymine deoxyribonucleotide (T), guanine deoxyribonucleotide (G), cytosine deoxyribonucleotide (C), adenine ribonucleotide (A), uracil ribonucleotide (U), guanine ribonucleotide (G), and cytosine ribonucleotide (C).

3. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The fifth-level game components include game components for representing basic structural units of nucleotides, wherein the basic structural units include at least: base game components, pentose game components, and phosphate game components. The base game components include at least adenine (A), thymine (T), uracil (U), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The pentose game component includes at least a deoxyribose game component and a ribose game component.

4. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The fifth-level game component is configured to form corresponding nucleotide structure expressions according to the structural composition relationship of nucleotides. The nucleotide structure expression includes at least a nucleotide structure consisting of a base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group.

5. The game component system according to claim 4, wherein, The nucleotide structure expression includes at least one of the following configurations: expressing a deoxyribonucleotide structure by combining a base component with a deoxyribose component and a phosphate component; or expressing a ribonucleotide structure by combining a base component with a ribose component and a phosphate component.

6. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The game component system has a preset base complementary pairing relationship to represent the complementary correspondence between bases in nucleic acids. The base complementary pairing relationship includes at least the following: adenine (A) corresponds to thymine (T) or uracil (U), and guanine (G) corresponds to cytosine (C).

7. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The game component system is implemented in a simplified structural manner, wherein the pentose game component and the phosphate game component are combined into a phosphate-pentose game component to reduce the number of basic structural units.

8. The game component system according to claim 1, wherein, The game component system is implemented as any one of physical game components, electronic game components, or electronic games running on electronic devices.

9. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, is used to implement the game component system according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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