Lithium slurry battery system and control method

Abstract

The invention provides a lithium slurry battery system which comprises a lithium slurry battery reactor, the lithium slurry battery reactor is in signal connection with a multi-module sensing array, the multi-module sensing array is in communication connection with a signal acquisition and identification module, and the signal acquisition and identification module is in communication connection with a feedback control module. The feedback control module is used for judging whether the lithium slurry battery state parameters are abnormal or not based on a preset algorithm and outputting an adjusting instruction, the feedback control module is in communication connection with the slurry circulating system, and the slurry circulating system is communicated with the lithium slurry battery reactor through a pipeline. The invention also provides a control method of the lithium slurry battery system, which is used for solving the technical problem that the state of the slurry in the lithium slurry battery cannot be monitored in real time and actively adjusted in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, and more particularly to a lithium slurry battery system and control method. Background Technology

[0002] Lithium slurry batteries are a novel type of semi-solid fluid battery whose electrodes are composed of a slurry made up of active material particles, conductive agents, and electrolyte. This structure offers several potential advantages: the electrodes are fluid, avoiding the stress cracking problem of traditional solid-state electrodes; they are easy to scale up, enabling megawatt-hour-level energy storage through large storage tanks and pipeline systems; and theoretically, "mechanical charging" can be achieved by adding new slurry, greatly reducing charging time.

[0003] However, lithium slurry batteries still face significant challenges in transitioning from the laboratory to industrialization. One major challenge is that during long-term quiescent or cycling, solid particles in the slurry are prone to sedimentation and aggregation, leading to uneven electrode composition and inconsistent capacity utilization, resulting in performance degradation. Existing battery management systems primarily monitor voltage and current parameters, making it difficult to identify and detect slurry deposition occurring within lithium slurry batteries. This hinders early warning and proactive intervention before the internal state of the slurry battery deteriorates. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problem that existing lithium slurry battery management systems cannot monitor and actively adjust the internal slurry state (such as sedimentation and agglomeration) of lithium slurry batteries in real time, this invention proposes a lithium slurry battery system and control method.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented as follows:

[0006] A lithium slurry battery system includes: a lithium slurry battery reactor for providing a slurry reaction space; the lithium slurry battery reactor is signal-connected to a multi-module sensor array for acquiring lithium slurry battery state parameters; the multi-module sensor array is communicatively connected to a signal acquisition and recognition module for receiving the raw lithium slurry battery state parameters acquired by the multi-module sensor array and converting them into standardized state parameters; the signal acquisition and recognition module is communicatively connected to a feedback control module for determining whether the lithium slurry battery state parameters are abnormal based on a preset algorithm and outputting adjustment commands; the feedback control module is communicatively connected to a slurry circulation system for adjusting the state of the lithium slurry battery according to the adjustment commands; the slurry circulation system and the lithium slurry battery reactor are connected via pipelines; and a charging / discharging power supply is connected to the lithium slurry battery reactor, the multi-module sensor array, and the feedback control module, respectively.

[0007] Furthermore, the lithium slurry battery reactor is stacked in the following order: first end plate, first flow channel plate, first sealing gasket, positive electrode electrode fluid, first reaction chamber, diaphragm, second reaction chamber, negative electrode current collector, second sealing gasket, second flow channel plate, and second end plate.

[0008] Both the first and second flow channel plates are provided with flow channel plate slurry inlets and outlets; both the first and second sealing gaskets are provided with sealing gasket slurry inlets and outlets; both the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are provided with current collector slurry inlets and outlets; both the first and second reaction chambers are provided with cavities inside; the slurry inlets and outlets on the first flow channel plate, the first sealing gasket, and the positive electrode current collector are connected and matched with each other; the slurry inlets and outlets on the second flow channel plate, the second sealing gasket, and the negative electrode current collector are connected and matched with each other; the slurry inlets and outlets on the positive electrode current collector are connected to the cavity in the first reaction chamber, and the slurry inlets and outlets on the negative electrode current collector are connected to the cavity in the second reaction chamber.

[0009] Furthermore, the multi-module sensor array includes an electrochemical impedance sensor and a flow rate sensor, which are respectively communicatively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module; the electrochemical impedance sensor includes a first electrochemical impedance sensor and a second electrochemical impedance sensor, the first electrochemical impedance sensor being disposed on the tab of the positive electrode current collector, and the second electrochemical impedance sensor being disposed on the tab of the negative electrode current collector; the flow rate sensor includes a first flow rate sensor, a second flow rate sensor, a third flow rate sensor, and a fourth flow rate sensor, the first flow rate sensor and the second flow rate sensor being respectively disposed at the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate, and the third flow rate sensor and the fourth flow rate sensor being respectively disposed at the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate;

[0010] Furthermore, the multi-module sensor array also includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are respectively communicatively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module; the voltage sensor is disposed between the tab of the positive current collector and the tab of the negative current collector; the current sensor is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit between the charging and discharging power supply and the positive and negative current collectors; the temperature sensor includes at least a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor is disposed on the outer wall of the first reaction chamber, and the second temperature sensor is disposed on the outer wall of the second reaction chamber.

[0011] Furthermore, the slurry circulation system includes a storage tank, pipelines, and a drive pump. The storage tank includes at least a first storage tank and a second storage tank, which are used to store the positive electrode slurry and negative electrode slurry of the lithium slurry battery, respectively. The first storage tank is connected to the first drive pump through a pipeline, and the first drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate in the lithium slurry battery reactor through a pipeline. The second storage tank is connected to the second drive pump through a pipeline, and the second drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate in the lithium slurry battery reactor through a pipeline.

[0012] It also includes a circulating cooling system, which includes a coolant reservoir. The coolant reservoir is connected to a circulating pump via a pipeline. The circulating pump is connected to a load-side heat exchanger via a pipeline. The load-side heat exchanger is connected to a heat dissipation-side heat exchanger via a pipeline. The heat dissipation-side heat exchanger is connected to the coolant reservoir.

[0013] A control method for a lithium slurry battery system, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1: Obtain the optimal state data of the lithium slurry battery through basic parameter calibration, and set the state threshold according to the optimal state data. The state data includes at least the lithium slurry battery impedance and slurry flow rate.

[0015] S2: Acquire real-time status data of lithium slurry batteries during operation;

[0016] S3: Determine whether the state of the lithium slurry battery needs to be adjusted based on real-time state changes. The determination process includes hard termination condition judgment, voltage curve abnormality judgment, and trigger warning judgment.

[0017] S4: If adjustment is required, the state of the lithium slurry battery will be adjusted based on the difference between the real-time state and the state threshold. If no adjustment is required, the current state of the lithium slurry battery will be maintained.

[0018] Furthermore, the optimal state data includes the optimal impedance v_opt, optimal flow rate, and standard voltage curve of the lithium slurry battery. The state thresholds include the impedance threshold Z_th, the upper limit of the flow rate threshold v_thh, the lower limit of the flow rate threshold v_thd, the flow rate difference threshold Δv_th, the charging cutoff voltage, the discharging cutoff voltage, the voltage anomaly threshold Uy_th, the temperature threshold T_th, and the upper limit of temperature safety T_top.

[0019] Furthermore, based on real-time state changes, it is determined whether the state of the lithium slurry battery needs adjustment, including:

[0020] S31. Determine if a hard stop condition is triggered: If the real-time voltage U_real reaches the charging cutoff voltage or the discharging cutoff voltage, or the real-time temperature exceeds the upper limit of the temperature safety limit, then output a stop signal and the battery stops operating.

[0021] S32. If the abort signal is not triggered, judge the state of the voltage curve: Compare the real-time voltage U_real(t) with the standard voltage U_std(t) at the same charge-discharge time point. If the situation of |U_real(t) - U_std(t)| ≥ Uy_th persists for more than the preset time, it is determined that the voltage curve is abnormal.

[0022] S33. If the abort signal is not triggered and regardless of whether there is an abnormal voltage curve, judge the triggering of internal resistance warning, flow rate warning and temperature warning. If one warning condition is met, trigger the warning and perform adjustment. If none of them are met, the lithium paste battery maintains the existing state and operates.

[0023] Furthermore, adjust the state of the lithium paste battery based on the difference between the real-time state and the state threshold of the lithium paste battery, including:

[0024] Judge whether the real-time voltage curve is normal and whether the real-time temperature is normal;

[0025] If the real-time voltage curve is normal and the real-time temperature is normal, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal; if the real-time voltage curve is abnormal, after reducing the charge-discharge current, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal; if the real-time temperature is abnormal, after reducing the charge-discharge current and controlling the cooling system for temperature reduction, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal;

[0026] If the real-time impedance Z_real ≥ Z_th, the impedance is high, and adjust by judging whether the real-time flow rate is normal to reduce the impedance; if the real-time impedance Z_real < Z_th, the impedance is normal, and adjust by judging whether the real-time flow rate is normal to maintain stable operation.

[0027] Furthermore, adjust by judging whether the flow rate is normal, including:

[0028] If the real-time outlet flow rate v_out of the lithium paste battery ≥ v_thh or Δv_real ≥ Δv_th, the flow rate is too fast, and reduce the outlet flow rate v_new = b_h × v_out according to the preset deceleration ratio b_h; if the real-time outlet flow rate v_out of the paste battery ≤ v_thd, the flow rate is too slow, and increase the outlet flow rate v_new = b_d × v_out according to the preset acceleration ratio b_d; for the situation of Δv_real ≥ Δv_th, adopt the high-speed flushing mode of v_new >> v_opt to dredge the flow channel of the lithium paste battery.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: Through the internal resistance and flow rate analysis technology, the present invention can identify changes such as paste sedimentation before the battery performance decays, realize forward-looking fault warning, provide a key time window for the safe operation and maintenance of the battery system, thereby realizing the optimization of the comprehensive performance within the full life cycle of the battery and improving the operation efficiency and cycle performance of the lithium paste battery. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is the control logic diagram of the lithium slurry battery system of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lithium slurry battery reactor structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the impedance sensor and the current collector of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the control method for the lithium slurry battery system of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the slurry at different flow rates according to the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the variation of impedance spectrum characteristics under different flow rates according to the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the change in charge and discharge performance of the present invention under different flow rates.

[0038] In the figure, the first end plate is 1, the first flow channel plate is 2, the first sealing gasket is 3, the positive electrode current collector is 4, the first reaction chamber is 5, the diaphragm is 6, the second reaction chamber is 7, the negative electrode current collector is 8, the sealing ring is 9, the second sealing gasket is 10, the second flow channel plate is 11, the second end plate is 12, the electrode tab is 13, and the impedance sensor is 14. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] A lithium slurry battery system, such as Figure 1As shown, it includes: a lithium slurry battery reactor, used to provide slurry reaction space to ensure uniform slurry flow and stable electrode reaction; the lithium slurry battery reactor is signal-connected to a multi-module sensor array, which is used to collect lithium slurry battery state parameters; the multi-module sensor array is communicatively connected to a signal acquisition and recognition module, which is used to receive the raw lithium slurry battery state parameters collected by the multi-module sensor array and convert them into standardized state parameters; the signal acquisition and recognition module is communicatively connected to a feedback control module, which is used to determine whether the lithium slurry battery state parameters are abnormal based on a preset algorithm and output adjustment commands; the feedback control module is communicatively connected to a slurry circulation system, which is used to adjust the state of the lithium slurry battery according to the adjustment commands; the slurry circulation system and the lithium slurry battery reactor are connected through a pipeline; and a charging and discharging power supply is also included, which is connected to the lithium slurry battery reactor, the multi-module sensor array, and the feedback control module respectively.

[0041] In the embodiments of this application, such as Figure 2 As shown, the lithium slurry battery reactor is stacked in the following order: first end plate 1, first flow channel plate 2, first sealing gasket 3, positive electrode current collector 4, first reaction chamber 5, separator 6, second reaction chamber 7, negative electrode current collector 8, second sealing gasket 10, second flow channel plate 11, and second end plate 12. The first end plate 1, first flow channel plate 2, first sealing gasket 3, positive electrode current collector 4, and first reaction chamber 5 are symmetrically arranged with the second end plate 12, second flow channel plate 11, second sealing gasket 10, negative electrode current collector 8, and second reaction chamber 7, respectively. Each component is assembled by bolts.

[0042] The first end plate 1 and the second end plate 12 are bolted through and fixed to the entire stacking system. This serves to counteract the internal pressure generated during slurry flow and reaction, prevent structural deformation, and isolate the system from the external environment (dust, impact), protecting core components such as the flow channel plate, sealing gasket, and reaction chamber from damage. Simultaneously, a thermally conductive rigid material can be used to conduct the heat generated in the reaction chamber to the outside, preventing localized overheating. In this embodiment, the first end plate 1 and the second end plate 12 are made of rigid materials, such as aluminum, copper, iron, or stainless steel.

[0043] Both the first flow channel plate 2 and the second flow channel plate 11 are provided with flow channel plate slurry inlets and outlets for slurry entry and exit. The first flow channel plate 2 and the second flow channel plate 11 can be made of one or more of the following materials: polytetrafluoroethylene, aluminum plate, copper plate, iron plate, stainless steel plate, etc. The first flow channel plate 2 and the second flow channel plate 11 serve as slurry conveying channels and also as supporting structures. The first flow channel plate 2 (if it is the positive electrode) conveys the positive electrode slurry, and the second flow channel plate 11 (if it is the negative electrode) conveys the negative electrode slurry.

[0044] Both the positive electrode current collector 4 and the negative electrode current collector 8 are equipped with current collector slurry inlets and outlets. The positive electrode current collector 4 and the negative electrode current collector 8 can be one or more of conductive graphite plates, aluminum plates, copper plates, stainless steel plates, etc. Aluminum plates are preferred for the positive electrode due to their oxidation resistance and suitability for the high-potential environment of the positive electrode. Copper plates are preferred for the negative electrode due to their good conductivity and suitability for the low-potential environment of the negative electrode. The current generated by the electrochemical reaction of the slurry in the reaction chamber (loss of electrons at the positive electrode and gain of electrons at the negative electrode) is transferred to the current collector through the contact between the slurry and the current collector, and then led out of the battery by the current collector (forming a circuit), while simultaneously providing rigid support for the reaction chamber.

[0045] Both the first sealing gasket 3 and the second sealing gasket 10 are provided with sealing gasket slurry inlet and outlet. A sealing ring is provided between the sealing gasket slurry inlet and outlet and the corresponding current collector slurry inlet and outlet. The first sealing gasket 3 and the second sealing gasket 10 are used to fill the gap between the flow channel plate and the current collector, prevent slurry from leaking from the contact surface of the components, and absorb the pressure during stacking and the slight vibration during reaction, protecting the current collector and the flow channel plate from hard contact damage. The first sealing gasket 3 and the second sealing gasket 10 can be made of one or more of the following materials: silicone, rubber, fluororubber, EPDM, and nitrile rubber.

[0046] Both the first reaction chamber 5 and the second reaction chamber 7 have cavities inside, which are used to contain the slurry. The materials of the first reaction chamber 5 and the second reaction chamber 7 can be one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, phenolic resin, polypropylene, etc. The positive electrode reaction chamber contains the positive electrode slurry, and the negative electrode reaction chamber contains the negative electrode slurry, providing reactant storage space for the electrochemical reaction. The cavity shape is designed to fit the current collector and the diaphragm 6, ensuring sufficient contact between the slurry and the current collector (conductivity) and between the slurry and the diaphragm 6 (ion transport), avoiding a decrease in reaction efficiency due to insufficient contact.

[0047] The separator 6 can be made of one or more of the following materials: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), PP / PE / PP three-layer composite membrane, non-woven fabric separator 6, and glass fiber separator 6. The separator 6 physically isolates the slurry between the positive and negative electrode reaction chambers, preventing direct contact between the positive and negative electrode active materials and thus avoiding electronic short circuits, which is crucial for battery safety. The separator 6 has a porous structure, allowing conductive ions (such as Li⁺) in the electrolyte to freely pass through (migrating from the positive electrode to the negative electrode, or vice versa), forming an ion circuit.

[0048] The slurry inlet and outlet on the first flow channel plate 2, the slurry inlet and outlet on the first sealing gasket 3, and the slurry inlet and outlet on the positive electrode current collector are connected and matched with each other; the slurry inlet and outlet on the second flow channel plate 11, the slurry inlet and outlet on the second sealing gasket 10, and the slurry inlet and outlet on the negative electrode current collector 8 are connected and matched with each other; during operation, the external slurry flows out from the slurry inlet of the flow channel plate through the pumping action, and then flows into the reaction chamber through the slurry inlet of the sealing gasket and the slurry inlet of the current collector in sequence, and then flows out through the liquid outlets of the current collector, the sealing gasket and the flow channel plate in sequence, completing the circulation flow of the slurry in the reaction chamber and forming the flow path of the slurry.

[0049] In this embodiment, the multi-module sensing array includes an electrochemical impedance sensor 14 and a flow rate sensor.

[0050] like Figure 3 The diagram indicates the installation location of the electrochemical impedance sensor 14. The electrochemical impedance sensor 14 includes a first electrochemical impedance sensor and a second electrochemical impedance sensor, which are respectively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module. The first electrochemical impedance sensor is built into the positive current collector tab side of the lithium slurry battery reactor, and the second electrochemical impedance sensor is built into the negative current collector tab side of the lithium slurry battery reactor. Both the first and second electrochemical impedance sensors are connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module via signal lines. The electrochemical impedance sensors are used to detect the impedance signal of the lithium slurry battery and transmit the impedance signal to the signal acquisition and recognition module via the signal lines.

[0051] The flow velocity sensor is a clamp-type flow meter that can display the real-time flow velocity of the slurry. The flow velocity sensor includes a first flow velocity sensor, a second flow velocity sensor, a third flow velocity sensor, and a fourth flow velocity sensor, all of which are used to monitor the inlet and outlet flow velocities of the slurry after it flows through the reactor. The first and second flow velocity sensors are respectively installed on the external pipes of the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate 2, and the third and fourth flow velocity sensors are respectively installed on the external pipes of the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate 11. The flow velocity signal is transmitted to the signal acquisition and recognition module through a signal line. Based on the flow velocity difference and change, it is determined whether the slurry inside the reaction chamber has deposited.

[0052] In this embodiment, the multi-module sensor array further includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor, which are respectively communicatively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module, and are used to monitor the voltage, current, and temperature of the lithium slurry battery. The voltage sensor is connected between the positive electrode current collector tab and the negative electrode current collector tab 8 of the lithium slurry battery reactor, and is used to directly measure the total terminal voltage of the battery. The current sensor is connected in series in the main charging / discharging circuit and can be located on the connecting wire between the charging / discharging power supply and any current collector tab, and is used to measure the charging / discharging current. At least two temperature sensors are provided, respectively embedded or closely attached to the outer walls of the positive and negative electrode reaction chambers (e.g., located on the surfaces of the first reaction chamber 5 and the second reaction chamber 7 that are in contact with the positive and negative electrode fluids). Preferably, one sensor can be provided near the inlet and outlet channels of each reaction chamber to monitor the temperature distribution caused by the slurry flow.

[0053] In this embodiment, the signal acquisition and recognition module includes a signal conditioning circuit, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microprocessor (such as an MCU or DSP), and a storage unit. It receives raw analog signals (such as impedance, voltage, current, temperature, and flow rate) from a multi-module sensor array. After signal conditioning to remove high-frequency noise and power frequency interference, the signal conditioning circuit can consist of amplifiers and filters. Many types of signal conditioning circuits exist, and no specific limitation is made here. The ADC converts the signals into digital signals. The microprocessor executes a preset algorithm to perform preliminary processing and calculations on the data (such as calculating the flow rate difference Δv_real and the average impedance) and standardizes the data, generating a "standardized state parameter set" that can be directly analyzed and used by the feedback control module. This transforms the raw, multi-source physical signals into characteristic data of the battery state.

[0054] In this embodiment, the slurry circulation system includes a storage tank, pipelines, and a drive pump. The storage tank includes at least a first storage tank and a second storage tank, used to store the positive electrode slurry and negative electrode slurry of the lithium slurry battery, respectively. The first storage tank is connected to the first drive pump via a pipeline, and the first drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate 2 in the lithium slurry battery reactor via a pipeline. The second storage tank is connected to the second drive pump via a pipeline, and the second drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate 11 in the lithium slurry battery reactor via a pipeline. The system also includes a circulating cooling system, which includes a coolant storage tank. The coolant storage tank is connected to the circulating pump via a pipeline, and the circulating pump is connected to a load-side heat exchanger via a pipeline. The load-side heat exchanger is connected to a heat dissipation-side heat exchanger via a pipeline, and the heat dissipation-side heat exchanger is connected to the coolant storage tank.

[0055] In this embodiment, the positive current collector tab in the lithium slurry battery reactor is connected to the positive terminal of the charging / discharging power supply via a wire, and the negative current collector tab 8 is connected to the negative terminal of the charging / discharging power supply, forming a main charging / discharging circuit. The charging / discharging power supply is communicatively connected to the feedback control module, receiving adjustment commands (such as current, voltage, or power adjustment commands) from the feedback control module, and changing its output or input parameters in real time, thereby achieving precise control of the charging / discharging process of the lithium slurry battery. The positive current collector tab in the lithium slurry battery reactor serves as the current output terminal connected to the positive interface of the charging / discharging power supply, and the negative current collector tab 8 serves as the current input terminal connected to the negative interface of the charging / discharging power supply, forming a complete charging / discharging circuit loop. During charging, the power supply inputs electrical energy to the battery, and during discharging, the battery outputs electrical energy to an external load. The charging / discharging power supply is signal-connected to the feedback control module, which determines whether the lithium slurry battery state parameters are abnormal based on a preset algorithm and outputs parameter adjustment commands. After receiving these adjustment commands, the charging / discharging power supply adjusts its own parameters in real time.

[0056] A control method for a lithium slurry battery system, such as Figure 4 As shown, the steps include:

[0057] S1: Obtain the optimal state data of the lithium slurry battery through basic parameter calibration, and set state thresholds based on the optimal state data. The state data includes at least the lithium slurry battery impedance and slurry flow rate. The optimal state data includes optimal impedance, optimal flow rate, and standard voltage curve; the state thresholds include impedance threshold Z_th, upper limit of flow rate threshold v_thh, lower limit of flow rate threshold v_thd, flow rate difference threshold Δv_th, charging cutoff voltage, discharging cutoff voltage, voltage anomaly threshold Uy_th, temperature threshold T_th, and upper limit of temperature safety T_top.

[0058] In this embodiment of the application, the specific implementation process of step S1 is as follows:

[0059] First, the electrochemical workstation is started, and the lithium slurry battery system is controlled to run sequentially according to a preset flow rate gradient. In this embodiment, eight flow rate gradients are preset, and each flow rate is stabilized for 30 minutes. A schematic diagram of the slurry distribution at different flow rates is shown below. Figure 5 As shown.

[0060] Furthermore, at each flow rate, impedance data {Z1, Z2, ... Zn} of 10 sets of lithium slurry batteries are collected by impedance sensor 14. 10}, and calculate the average impedance data Z_avg of 10 sets of lithium slurry batteries;

[0061] Furthermore, the charge-discharge curves at each flow rate are recorded simultaneously, and the coulombic efficiency is calculated.

[0062] Furthermore, the flow rate corresponding to the highest coulombic efficiency was selected as the optimal flow rate v_opt, and the average impedance data of the corresponding lithium slurry battery was selected as the optimal impedance Z_opt; the impedance spectrum characteristic variation diagram is shown below. Figure 6 As shown.

[0063] Furthermore, the charge-discharge curve corresponding to the optimal flow rate v_opt is taken as the standard voltage curve U_std, and the corresponding charge-discharge current is taken as the standard charge-discharge current I_std; the change in charge-discharge performance under different flow rates is shown in the figure below. Figure 7 As shown.

[0064] Furthermore, based on the optimal flow rate v_opt, optimal impedance Z_opt, and standard voltage curve U_std, the following thresholds are set: flow rate threshold v_th = {upper limit of flow rate threshold v_thh = v_opt × 0.85, lower limit of flow rate threshold v_thd = v_opt × 1.15}, flow rate difference threshold Δv_th = v_opt × 0.2, impedance threshold Z_th = Z_opt × 1.15, voltage threshold U_th (charging cutoff voltage and discharging cutoff voltage), voltage anomaly threshold Uy_th = U_std × 0.05, and temperature threshold T_th (55℃) and temperature safety upper limit T_top (65℃).

[0065] Finally, the following reference parameter set can be obtained: {optimal flow velocity v_opt, optimal impedance Z_opt, standard voltage curve U_std, standard charge and discharge current I_std}, and the warning threshold set: {flow velocity threshold v_th, flow velocity difference threshold Δv_t, impedance threshold Z_th, voltage threshold U_th, voltage anomaly threshold Uy_th, temperature threshold T_th}.

[0066] S2: Acquire real-time status data of lithium slurry batteries during operation, including real-time voltage, real-time impedance, and real-time flow rate.

[0067] In this embodiment, the lithium slurry battery operates according to the standard voltage curve U_std and the standard charge / discharge current I_std, and the sensor array continuously collects data:

[0068] Impedance value Z_real is collected every 5 seconds, and voltage U_real, current I_real, and temperature T_real are collected simultaneously. Inlet and outlet flow velocities v_in and v_out are collected every 5 seconds, and the inlet and outlet flow velocity difference Δv_real = v_in - v_out is calculated. For N consecutively collected data points (e.g., N=20, corresponding to 100 seconds of data), the mean μ and standard deviation σ are calculated. Data points falling outside the interval [μ-3σ, μ+3σ] are removed, and the average value of the remaining data is taken as the effective value at that sampling time. This achieves noise reduction processing of the raw data and outputs a standardized real-time parameter set {Z_real, U_real, I_real, T_real, v_in, v_out, Δv_real, T_real}.

[0069] S3: Determine whether the state of the lithium slurry battery needs to be adjusted based on real-time state changes. The determination process includes hard termination condition judgment, voltage curve abnormality judgment, and trigger warning judgment.

[0070] In this embodiment of the application, the specific operations are as follows:

[0071] First, determine whether a hard stop condition has been triggered: if the real-time voltage U_real reaches the voltage threshold U_th (charging cut-off voltage or discharging cut-off voltage), or the real-time temperature exceeds the temperature safety limit T_top, then output a stop signal and the battery stops operating;

[0072] Furthermore, if no stop signal is triggered, the voltage curve status is assessed. At the same charge / discharge time point or the same SOC (State of Charge) point, the real-time voltage U_real is compared with the voltage value at the corresponding point on the standard voltage curve U_std. If the condition |U_real(t)-U_std(t)|≥Uy_th persists for more than a preset time (e.g., 10 seconds), the voltage curve is determined to be abnormal.

[0073] Furthermore, if no stop signal is triggered and regardless of whether there is an abnormal voltage curve, determine whether to trigger an early warning based on the following early warning conditions:

[0074] Internal resistance warning: Z_real ≥ Z_th; impedance exceeds the reference value by 15%;

[0075] Flow rate warning: v_out≤v_thd, v_out≥v_thh or Δv_real≥Δv_th; the outflow rate is 15% lower than the baseline value or the difference between the inlet and outlet flow rates is too large;

[0076] Temperature warning: T_real≥T_th; temperature exceeds 55℃.

[0077] If one of the warning conditions is met, an alert is triggered and adjustments are made. If none of the conditions are met, the lithium slurry battery continues to operate in its current state.

[0078] Finally, the output decision result is: stop signal, adjustment required, or no condition required. If adjustment is required, it includes whether the voltage curve is abnormal.

[0079] S4: If adjustment is required, the state of the lithium slurry battery will be adjusted based on the real-time state and the difference in basic parameters. If no adjustment is required, the current state of the lithium slurry battery will be maintained.

[0080] In this embodiment of the application, the specific operations are as follows:

[0081] When the voltage curve and temperature are normal, determine whether the real-time impedance Z_real is normal:

[0082] If the real-time impedance Z_real ≥ Z_th, the impedance is high, indicating particle agglomeration / deposition. Then observe the change in real-time flow rate.

[0083] If the flow rate changes, compare the outlet flow rate v_out of the lithium slurry battery with the flow rate threshold: If v_out ≥ v_thh, the flow rate is too fast. Control the outlet flow rate v_new = 0.9 × v_out to increase the residence time of the active material in the reaction chamber. Reducing the flow rate can prolong the residence time of the slurry in the reaction chamber, allowing the active material particles more time to exchange electrons with the current collector and ions with the electrolyte, thereby improving the reaction efficiency and reducing the electrochemical polarization impedance caused by incomplete reaction. If v_out ≤ v_thd, the flow rate is too slow. Control the outlet flow rate v_new = 1.1 × v_out to increase the scouring force of the slurry and remove some of the slurry that may have deposited. Increasing the flow rate increases the shear force and scouring effect of the slurry on the inner wall of the reaction chamber and the electrode surface. This helps to break up locally agglomerated particles, inhibit the formation of a sedimentation layer, and reintroduce potentially deposited particles into the bulk flow, thereby improving slurry uniformity and reducing ohmic impedance and concentration polarization impedance caused by poor contact or uneven concentration. When Δv_real ≥ Δv_th, the inlet and outlet flow rate difference increases significantly, usually indicating increased flow resistance within the reaction chamber, possibly due to increased slurry viscosity, local blockage, or severe deposition. In this case, the feedback control module immediately instructs the pump to increase its pumping power to maintain sufficient net flow (v_in), while simultaneously triggering a high-speed scouring mode (v_new >> v_opt) at a preset time to attempt to clear the flow path.

[0084] If Z_real < Z_th, the impedance is within the normal range. The performance fluctuations of the driving pump, unexpected changes in the valve opening in the pipeline, or slight changes in the rheology of the slurry itself (such as viscosity changes caused by temperature) are not severe enough to significantly affect the electrical contact. At this time, the overall electrochemical activity of the slurry is still acceptable, but the deviation of the flow state may indicate an increased risk of future deposition or affect the consistency of reactions in different regions. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the flow rate back to near the optimal range to maintain the stability of long-term operation. Therefore, only adjust according to the abnormal flow rate: if v_out ≥ v_thh or (Δv_real ≥ Δv_th and v_out > v_opt), the flow rate is too fast, and control the outlet flow rate v_new = 0.9 × v_out; if v_out < v_opt, the flow rate is too slow, and control the outlet flow rate v_new = 1.1 × v_out.

[0085] If the temperature is abnormal, that is, the temperature changes and T_real ≥ T_th, a temperature warning is triggered. The feedback control module reduces the charge and discharge current (I_new = 0.7~0.9 × I_real) to reduce heat generation, and at the same time starts the external cooling system to cool the liquid storage tank and / or the reactor end plate. If the temperature continues to rise above the temperature safety upper limit T_top, the safety protection program should be entered.

[0086] The abnormal voltage curve includes two cases: during constant current charging, the real-time voltage U_real(t) continuously exceeds the corresponding value of the standard curve U_std(t) by more than the threshold; or during constant current discharging, the real-time voltage U_real(t) continuously is lower than the corresponding value of the standard curve U_std(t) by more than the threshold. The increase in the charging voltage is usually related to the increase in polarization (including the increase in internal resistance); the decrease in the discharging voltage is related to the decrease in the actual available capacity of the battery or internal short circuit, etc. The processing strategy is to first reduce the charge and discharge current I_new = 0.8 × I_real to relieve polarization or reduce the heat load, and then transfer to the judgment and adjustment process of parameters such as internal resistance and flow rate.

[0087] After executing the adjustment instruction (such as adjusting the flow rate v_new, the current I_new), the system continuously monitors the subsequent real-time parameters. If within the preset observation time window (for example, observe 3 - 5 sampling periods, about 15 - 25 seconds after adjusting the flow rate; observe a complete charge and discharge half cycle after adjusting the current), all relevant real-time parameters (Z_real, v_out, Δv_real, T_real, U_real curve) return to within the corresponding warning threshold, it is determined that the adjustment is effective, and the system uses the currently adjusted parameters (v_new, I_new) as the new temporary operation benchmark and continues to monitor in a loop. If the parameters still cannot return to normal after multiple adjustments or continue to deteriorate, a high-level alarm is triggered for manual inspection or maintenance.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lithium slurry battery system, characterized in that, include: A lithium slurry battery reactor provides a slurry reaction space. The reactor is connected to a multi-module sensor array for acquiring lithium slurry battery state parameters. The array is also connected to a signal acquisition and recognition module, which receives the raw lithium slurry battery state parameters and converts them into standardized parameters. The module is also connected to a feedback control module, which uses a preset algorithm to determine if the lithium slurry battery state parameters are abnormal and outputs adjustment commands. The system is also connected to a slurry circulation system, which adjusts the lithium slurry battery state according to the adjustment commands. The system is connected to the reactor via a pipeline. The reactor also includes a charging / discharging power supply, connected to the reactor, the multi-module sensor array, and the feedback control module. The raw lithium slurry battery state parameters include at least the raw lithium slurry battery impedance and flow rate.

2. The lithium slurry battery system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lithium slurry battery reactor is stacked in the following order: first end plate (1), first flow channel plate (2), first sealing gasket (3), positive electrode electrode fluid (4), first reaction chamber (5), diaphragm (6), second reaction chamber (7), negative electrode current collector (8), second sealing gasket (10), second flow channel plate (11) and second end plate (12). The first flow channel plate (2) and the second flow channel plate (11) are provided with flow channel plate slurry inlet and outlet; the first sealing gasket (3) and the second sealing gasket (10) are provided with sealing gasket slurry inlet and outlet; the positive electrode current collector (4) and the negative electrode current collector (8) are provided with current collector slurry inlet and outlet; the first reaction chamber (5) and the second reaction chamber (7) are provided with cavities; the slurry inlet and outlet on the first flow channel plate (2), the slurry inlet and outlet on the first sealing gasket (3), and the slurry inlet and outlet on the positive electrode current collector are connected to each other; the slurry inlet and outlet on the second flow channel plate (11), the slurry inlet and outlet on the second sealing gasket (10), and the slurry inlet and outlet on the negative electrode current collector (8) are connected to each other; the slurry inlet and outlet on the positive electrode current collector are connected to the cavity in the first reaction chamber (5), and the slurry inlet and outlet on the negative electrode current collector (8) are connected to the cavity in the second reaction chamber (7).

3. The lithium slurry battery system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The multi-module sensing array includes an electrochemical impedance sensor (14) and a flow rate sensor, which are respectively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module. The electrochemical impedance sensor (14) includes a first electrochemical impedance sensor and a second electrochemical impedance sensor. The first electrochemical impedance sensor is disposed on the tab of the positive current collector, and the second electrochemical impedance sensor is disposed on the tab of the negative current collector (8). The flow rate sensor includes a first flow rate sensor, a second flow rate sensor, a third flow rate sensor, and a fourth flow rate sensor. The first flow rate sensor and the second flow rate sensor are respectively disposed at the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate (2), and the third flow rate sensor and the fourth flow rate sensor are respectively disposed at the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate (11).

4. The lithium slurry battery system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-module sensing array also includes a voltage sensor, a current sensor, and a temperature sensor that are respectively connected to the signal acquisition and recognition module. The voltage sensor is disposed between the tab of the positive current collector and the tab of the negative current collector (8). The current sensor is connected in series in the charging and discharging circuit between the charging and discharging power supply and the positive current collector and the negative current collector (8). The temperature sensor includes at least a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor. The first temperature sensor is disposed on the outer wall of the first reaction chamber (5), and the second temperature sensor is disposed on the outer wall of the second reaction chamber (7).

5. The lithium slurry battery system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The slurry circulation system includes a storage tank, pipelines, and a drive pump. The storage tank includes at least a first storage tank and a second storage tank, which are used to store the positive electrode slurry and negative electrode slurry of the lithium slurry battery, respectively. The first storage tank is connected to the first drive pump through a pipeline, and the first drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the first flow channel plate (2) in the lithium slurry battery reactor through a pipeline. The second storage tank is connected to the second drive pump through a pipeline, and the second drive pump is connected to the slurry inlet and outlet of the second flow channel plate (11) in the lithium slurry battery reactor through a pipeline. It also includes a circulating cooling system, which includes a coolant reservoir. The coolant reservoir is connected to a circulating pump via a pipeline. The circulating pump is connected to a load-side heat exchanger via a pipeline. The load-side heat exchanger is connected to a heat dissipation-side heat exchanger via a pipeline. The heat dissipation-side heat exchanger is connected to the coolant reservoir.

6. A control method for a lithium slurry battery system, used to control the lithium slurry battery system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The steps are as follows: S1: Obtain the optimal state data of the lithium slurry battery through basic parameter calibration, and set the state threshold according to the optimal state data. The state data includes at least the lithium slurry battery impedance and slurry flow rate. S2: Acquire real-time status data of lithium slurry batteries during operation; S3: Determine whether the state of the lithium slurry battery needs to be adjusted based on real-time state changes. The determination process includes hard termination condition judgment, voltage curve abnormality judgment, and trigger warning judgment. S4: If adjustment is required, the state of the lithium slurry battery will be adjusted based on the difference between the real-time state and the state threshold. If no adjustment is required, the current state of the lithium slurry battery will be maintained.

7. The control method for the lithium slurry battery system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The optimal state data includes the optimal impedance v_opt, optimal flow rate, and standard voltage curve of the lithium slurry battery. The state thresholds include the impedance threshold Z_th, the upper limit of the flow rate threshold v_thh, the lower limit of the flow rate threshold v_thd, the flow rate difference threshold Δv_th, the charging cutoff voltage, the discharging cutoff voltage, the voltage anomaly threshold Uy_th, the temperature threshold T_th, and the upper limit of the temperature safety limit T_top.

8. The control method for the lithium slurry battery system according to claim 7, characterized in that, Determining whether to adjust the state of the lithium slurry battery based on real-time state changes includes: S31. Determine if a hard stop condition is triggered: If the real-time voltage U_real reaches the charging cutoff voltage or the discharging cutoff voltage, or the real-time temperature exceeds the upper limit of the temperature safety limit, then output a stop signal and the battery stops operating. S32. If the abort signal is not triggered, judge the status of the voltage curve: Compare the real-time voltage U_real(t) with the standard voltage U_std(t) at the same charge-discharge time point. If the situation of |U_real(t) - U_std(t)| ≥ Uy_th persists for more than the preset time, it is determined that the voltage curve is abnormal. S33. If the abort signal is not triggered and regardless of whether there is an abnormal voltage curve, judge the triggering of internal resistance warning, flow rate warning and temperature warning. If one warning condition is met, trigger the warning and perform adjustment. If none of them are met, the lithium slurry battery operates in the existing state.

9. The control method for a lithium slurry battery system according to claim 8, characterized in that, Adjust the state of the lithium slurry battery based on the difference between the real-time state and the state threshold of the lithium slurry battery, including: Judge whether the real-time voltage curve is normal and whether the real-time temperature is normal; If the real-time voltage curve is normal and the real-time temperature is normal, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal; if the real-time voltage curve is abnormal, after reducing the charge-discharge current, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal; if the real-time temperature is abnormal, after reducing the charge-discharge current and controlling the cooling system for temperature reduction, judge whether the real-time impedance is normal; If the real-time impedance Z_real ≥ Z_th, the impedance is high, and adjust by judging whether the real-time flow rate is normal to reduce the impedance; if the real-time impedance Z_real < Z_th, the impedance is normal, and adjust by judging whether the real-time flow rate is normal to maintain stable operation.

10. The control method for a lithium slurry battery system according to claim 9, characterized in that, Adjust by judging whether the flow rate is normal, including: If the real-time outlet flow rate v_out of the lithium slurry battery ≥ v_thh or Δv_real ≥ Δv_th, the flow rate is too fast, and reduce the outlet flow rate v_new = b_h × v_out according to the preset deceleration ratio b_h; if the real-time outlet flow rate v_out of the slurry battery ≤ v_thd, the flow rate is too slow, and increase the outlet flow rate v_new = b_d × v_out according to the preset acceleration ratio b_d; for the situation of Δv_real ≥ Δv_th, adopt the high-speed flushing mode of v_new >> v_opt to dredge the flow channel of the lithium slurry battery.

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