A self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and its arrayed networking system and intelligent control method

Abstract

This invention discloses a self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and its arrayed networking system and intelligent control method. The adsorption unit is integrally formed from carbon dioxide adsorption material into plates, sheets, corrugated surfaces, irregularly shaped three-dimensional forms, or flexible films, and is self-supporting without a container. It has an internal through-flow gas channel; a regenerative heat source raises the temperature of the adsorption body to ≤100℃, and at least one of Joule heating, infrared heating, or hot air heating can be selected; a decorative layer is provided on the surface, and an installation structure is provided on the back. The units are independent and pluggable, with the same or different specifications, and can be connected in parallel, series, or a hybrid series-parallel network. The system includes multiple units, environmental sensors, and a controller, enabling independent control, gas supply to the inner walls of plant factories, wall purification in conference rooms / classrooms, linkage with fresh air systems, staggered scheduling of heterogeneous carbon bricks, LSTM concentration prediction, and reinforcement learning optimization. This invention solves the technical problems of existing DAC devices, such as high-temperature safety issues, space occupation, mandatory uniformity of specifications, and disconnection from the building environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of carbon dioxide capture and intelligent environmental control technology, specifically relating to a self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and its arrayed networking system and intelligent control method. Background Technology

[0002] Several modular carbon dioxide capture systems have been disclosed in the prior art. For example, Chinese patent application CN202410593870.8 discloses a modular carbon dioxide capture system, which includes multiple carbon dioxide capture devices stacked vertically, each operating independently to match the peak load of thermal power units. However, the carbon dioxide capture device in this solution is a heavy equipment combination of absorption tower + desorption tower + heat exchanger + reboiler, which needs to be connected to external systems such as power plant flue gas pipelines and compressor units, and cannot be directly installed as an independent unit on the interior wall of a building or plant factory; its regeneration method is steam heating or electric heating heat exchange, and the regeneration temperature is usually above 120°C, without addressing the technical requirements of low-temperature regeneration ≤100°C and surface safety that can be touched; its adsorbent form is granular filler or solution, which must rely on container packaging, and it does not achieve self-supporting integrated molding or containerless design.

[0003] US Patent 12,330,111 discloses a modular structure for accommodating structured adsorbent materials for gas separation. Although this solution proposes an adsorption unit arranged in parallel plates, its essence is still a frame structure plus adsorbent filling. The adsorption body itself does not have structural support function, and it does not involve decorative surfaces, installation structures, multi-scenario adaptation, or intelligent scheduling systems.

[0004] This invention addresses the shortcomings of the prior art by providing a self-supporting, containerless, low-temperature regeneration system capable of operating independently or in a network, and combining decorative and intelligent control features, along with a carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] I. Technical problems to be solved This invention aims to solve the following technical problems: 1) The contradiction between safety and aesthetics: Existing DAC equipment requires high-temperature regeneration (>120℃), resulting in high surface temperatures that make it unsuitable for indoor environments where people stay for extended periods; moreover, the equipment has a strong industrial feel that cannot be integrated with architectural decoration.

[0006] 2) Space utilization efficiency issues: Plant factories need to maximize the planting area within a limited space. Existing gas supply equipment occupies ground or frame space, affecting planting density; indoor air purifiers occupy independent ground / desktop space, which is disconnected from the decoration.

[0007] 3) Drawbacks of mandating uniform unit specifications: Existing modular systems require all adsorption units to have identical specifications and be centrally controlled, making it impossible to utilize performance differences between units for fine-tuning. This results in high equipment idle rates and a mismatch between gas supply and demand. There is also a technical bias in this field: the belief that adsorption units should maintain as uniform a specification as possible to simplify control.

[0008] 4) Multi-scenario adaptation problem: Existing carbon capture systems are designed for single scenarios (power plants, industrial exhaust gas) and cannot be transferred to multiple scenarios such as agriculture, construction, and transportation at low cost.

[0009] 5) Resource utilization of desorption waste gas: The existing system directly discharges desorption waste gas without considering linkage with the fresh air system and carbon resource recycling. Technical solution

[0010] This invention provides a self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and its arrayed networking system and intelligent control method, the technical solution being identical to the claims. Beneficial effects

[0011] 1) Enhanced safety: This invention strictly limits the regeneration temperature to ≤100℃, and the surface temperature of the components is always below 45℃, achieving seamless integration of DAC equipment with building interiors for the first time.

[0012] 2) Space efficiency revolution: Installed on the inner wall and ceiling, it occupies zero planting / ground area, and the yield per unit area of ​​the 12-foot container plant factory increases by 32-45%.

[0013] 3) Breakthrough in scheduling flexibility: The concept of "heterogeneous scheduling" is proposed for the first time. The desorption cycle of 0.5kg brick is 62 minutes and that of 1.5kg brick is 148 minutes. Staggered scheduling can form a continuous 12-hour CO2 output flow in a single system, increasing equipment utilization by 200%.

[0014] 4) Significant energy saving and carbon reduction: When linked with the fresh air system, air conditioning energy consumption is reduced by 40.3%; unit desorption energy consumption is reduced by 28% compared with traditional heat regeneration.

[0015] 5) Industrialization cost advantage: The mass production cost of standardized carbon bricks is 98 yuan / piece, and the amortization cost of carbon capture equipment is 228 yuan / ton, which is less than 1 / 3 of the ASU target cost ($66 / ton). Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the array-based networking system of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3This is a process flow diagram of the pressing and molding-pre-embedded resistance wire process of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the intelligent control system of the present invention (see attached figure in the abstract).

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the heterogeneous scheduling timing of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0020] Example 1: Energy-saving test in conjunction with a fresh air system Fifteen 1.0kg carbon bricks (total adsorption capacity 63g CO2 / cycle) were installed in a 50㎡ conference room. The conference room was designed with a fresh air volume of 500m³ / h. Control group: No carbon adsorption, CO2 ≤ 1000ppm maintained by the fresh air system, measured air conditioning energy consumption 2.36kW. Experimental group: Carbon adsorption + fresh air system linkage, fresh air volume reduced to 150m³ / h during carbon adsorption periods (maintaining positive pressure), CO2 concentration 950-1050ppm, measured air conditioning energy consumption 1.41kW. Energy saving rate 40.3%.

[0021] Example 2: Performance Verification of Heterogeneous Scheduling System A heterogeneous array consisting of six 0.5kg, four 1.0kg, and two 1.5kg carbon bricks was constructed, and a reinforcement learning scheduling algorithm was used for the controller. The control group used a similar array (12 1.0kg bricks) with traditional sequential switching control. The experimental group used a heterogeneous array with LSTM prediction and reinforcement learning scheduling. During a simulated 8-hour plant photoperiod, the CO2 concentration in each cultivation chamber of the experimental group was between 800-1200 ppm for 94.7% of the time, compared to 81.2% in the control group; the equipment idle rate was 8.3% in the experimental group and 22.6% in the control group.

[0022] Example 3: Comparison Experiment with CN202410593870.8 The carbon brick module of this invention is compared with the modular carbon capture device described in CN202410593870.8. The CN202410593870.8 device requires an absorption tower, desorption tower, reboiler, heat exchanger, and flue gas duct, occupying a total area of ​​approximately 25 square meters, making it unsuitable for installation on building interiors; its regeneration temperature is 150°C, and its surface temperature is >70°C, posing a risk of burns. The carbon brick module of this invention weighs 0.8 kg per piece, can be directly hung on a wall, has a regeneration temperature of 95°C, a surface temperature <45°C, and also has a decorative function. The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-supporting carbon-based carbon dioxide adsorption-desorption unit and its arrayed networking system and intelligent control method, characterized in that, include: • Adsorption body (100), wherein the adsorption body is integrally formed from carbon dioxide adsorption material through a molding process, has a self-supporting structure and does not require additional container packaging; Its geometric form can be any one of the following: plate-like, sheet-like, corrugated, irregular three-dimensional shape, or flexible film-like; • Multiple through-flow gas channels (110) are distributed in an array or grid pattern inside the adsorption body; • Regeneration heat source (120), the regeneration heat source is configured to heat the adsorption body to no more than 100°C to achieve carbon dioxide desorption; the regeneration heat source is at least partially embedded inside the adsorption body, or fixedly attached to the surface of the adsorption body and the inner wall of the gas flow channel, or provides heat energy to the adsorption body in a non-contact manner. • Interface end (130), connected to the regenerative heat source; • A decorative layer (140) is disposed on at least one outer surface of the adsorption body; • The mounting structure (150) is disposed on the back or side of the adsorption body; • The mass of a single adsorption block is 0.1-2.0 kg and the thickness is 2-50 mm.

2. The adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The regenerative heat source is selected from at least one of the following: • Joule heating element, including conductive coating, conductive ink, embedded metal resistance wire, embedded carbon fiber heating wire, and conductive doped phase; • Infrared radiation source, including infrared heating tube, infrared ceramic plate, and infrared coating layer; • Hot air convection source, including hot air blower and hot air duct interface; • And the integration or coupling structure of any of the aforementioned heat sources with the adsorption body.

3. The adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption-desorption unit is an independent pluggable working unit; multiple adsorption-desorption units are connected in parallel, series, series-parallel hybrid, stacked, assembled or arrayed arrangement through the mounting structure or external connectors; each adsorption-desorption unit can be independently powered, independently controlled and independently replaced.

4. The adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption-desorption units may have the same or different specifications; the specifications include at least one of mass, thickness, geometric dimensions, adsorbent loading, and gas flow channel density; the adsorption-desorption units with different specifications have different adsorption cycles and / or desorption cycles.

5. The adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the adsorbent is 2-6 g / kg; the desorption cycle is 30-150 minutes at 80-100℃, and the carbon dioxide concentration of the desorbed gas stream is 800-1200 ppm.

6. The adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorption-desorption unit also integrates or is detachably connected to a fan (170) and a duct interface (180); the duct interface is used to connect to a centralized exhaust system, a fresh air system, an air conditioning system or a waste gas recovery system.

7. A method for preparing the adsorption-desorption unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: • S1: Mix the carbon dioxide adsorbent material with a binder, a pore-forming agent, and a molding aid to obtain a mixture; • S2: The mixture is pressed, extruded, 3D printed or cast to obtain an adsorbent body green body with a through gas flow channel; S3: The green body is dried and activated; • S4: During or after molding, the regenerated heat source is integrated into the interior or surface of the adsorption body and connected to the interface end; • S5: A decorative layer is formed on at least one surface of the adsorption body; • S6: An installation structure is provided on the back or side of the adsorption body.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the pressure for compression molding is 5-50 MPa, and the pressure for extrusion molding is 2-20 MPa.

9. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S2 is formed by 3D printing with a printing layer thickness of 0.1-0.5mm; in step S4, the regenerated heat source is formed simultaneously with the adsorption body through conformal printing, or conductive ink is printed on the inner wall of the flow channel by inkjet printing.

10. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, Step S2 uses casting molding, with a slurry solid content of 40-70% and a casting thickness of 0.1-2mm. After drying, a flexible film-shaped green body is obtained. In step S4, the regenerated heat source is formed on the surface of the film by screen printing.

11. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the regenerated heat source is formed on the inner wall of the gas flow channel by impregnation, spraying or brushing after molding, and then cured at 80-150℃.

12. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, the mixture further includes conductive carbon material, graphene, carbon nanotubes or conductive carbon black, with a mass fraction of 5-30%; in step S4, the regenerated heat source is composed of the conductive filler.

13. A smart carbon dioxide concentration control system, characterized in that, include: • The adsorption-desorption units according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the adsorption-desorption units are networked in at least one of the following ways: parallel connection, series connection, series-parallel hybrid connection, and array arrangement; • A controller, which is electrically connected to the regeneration heat source and sensors of the plurality of adsorption-desorption units; • Environmental monitoring module, including at least one of carbon dioxide concentration sensor, temperature sensor, humidity sensor, and personnel sensor; The controller is configured to independently control each adsorption-desorption unit to switch between adsorption state, desorption state, or standby state based on the real-time data from the environmental monitoring module and preset strategies.

14. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The plurality of adsorption-desorption units are installed on the inner wall, top surface, partition, or surface of the cultivation rack in the plant factory or container plant factory; the controller is configured to: during the plant photoperiod, according to the carbon dioxide concentration and carbon consumption rate of each cultivation area, alternately schedule some adsorption-desorption units to enter the desorption state to supply gas, so that the carbon dioxide concentration in the plant cultivation space is maintained in the range of 800-1200ppm for ≥90% of the time.

15. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The plurality of adsorption-desorption units are installed on the inner walls, ceilings, or partition surfaces of conference rooms, classrooms, offices, residences, hospitals, or vehicle compartments; the controller is configured to: control at least some units to be in an adsorption state when people are present, and control at least some units to enter a desorption state for regeneration when people leave or during periods of low electricity prices, based on indoor carbon dioxide concentration and human activity patterns.

16. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, It also includes a duct switching device; the controller is also communicatively connected to a fresh air system or an air conditioning system; when the adsorption-desorption unit is in the desorption state, the controller controls the duct switching device to discharge the high-concentration carbon dioxide airflow released by desorption to the outside or to other carbon-required locations; when the adsorption-desorption unit is in the adsorption state, the controller controls the fresh air system to reduce the fresh air volume or stop the exhaust.

17. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The plurality of adsorption-desorption units have at least two different specifications, resulting in different adsorption cycles and / or desorption cycles; the controller stores or acquires the cycle parameters of each unit in real time, and is configured to: stagger the start time of each unit entering the desorption state according to the difference in the desorption cycle of each unit, so that the system forms a continuous or quasi-continuous carbon dioxide output flow on the time axis.

18. The system according to claim 13, characterized in that, The controller includes a scheduling module based on a time-series prediction model and / or reinforcement learning algorithm; • The time-series prediction model is an LSTM neural network. Its input includes at least one of the following: historical carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, temperature and humidity, human activity patterns, electricity price signals, and plant growth stages. Its output is the predicted carbon dioxide concentration curves for each monitoring point in the next 15-120 minutes. The state space of the reinforcement learning algorithm includes the current state of each adsorption-desorption unit, the current concentration of each monitoring point, and the electricity price period; the action space includes the heating start and stop of each unit, the target temperature setting, and the gas supply target area; the reward function takes the proportion of time when the carbon dioxide concentration of each monitoring point is in the range of 800-1200ppm as the core optimization objective, while also taking into account the minimization of total heating energy consumption and the balance of unit lifespan. The output of the scheduling module is the heating start time, heating duration, target temperature, and gas supply area allocation instructions for each adsorption-desorption unit.

19. The application of the adsorption-desorption unit according to any one of claims 1-6, the method according to any one of claims 7-12, or the system according to any one of claims 13-18 in carbon dioxide supply for plant factories, indoor air quality regulation, building energy conservation, smart homes, and environmental control of transportation vehicles.

20. The application according to claim 19, characterized in that, The adsorption-desorption unit is integrated into the application site in the form of architectural decorative components, furniture components, or the inner wall of a mobile cabin.

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